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MI 


LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

GIFT    OF 

THE  BANCROFT  LIBRARY- 


Class 


V 


U    '       •-'  :rlet 

(fort  rinn^n!  I'rintii,;/  (([}b'c.  18f>(i. — This  is  a 
mauual  of  decided  :uid  permanent  value,  and  as  surh 
should  be  in  every  library  and  in  the  study  of  every 
American  who  seeks,  either  in  political  or  j.mrnalidtic 
life,  to  understand  the;  institutions  of  his  country, 
Through  the  not  altogether  indefensible,  neglect  of  na 
tional  as  well  as  state  politics  on  the,  part  of  tin;  educated 
classes,  there  are  unhappily  too  few  in  their  ranks  who 
know  what  they  should  know  of  these  important  topics. 
But  it  is  impossible  that  this  state  of  things  should  always 
continue.  Sooner  or  later  intellect  and  education  must 
have  something  to  do  with  the  government  of  the  repub 
lic,  else  not  only  intellect  and  education,  but  the  country 
itself,  will  fall  into  cureless  ruin.  To  indicate  all  the 
steps  which  must  be  taken  towards  so  desirable  an  end 
is  not  our  immediate  purpose.  One  of  them,  and  not  tho 
least  important,  must,  however,  certainly  be  that  of  en 
tering  deliberately  and  exhaustively  upon  the  study  of 
our  legislative  history.  For  this  purpose  Mr.  Lanmau's 
manual  must  prove  an  indispensable  companion.  It 
seems  to  be  very  thoroughly  and  conscientiously  pre 
pared,  and  its  official  use  by  the  Senate  is  a  valuable  in 
dorsement  of  its  merits.  It  includes  the  names  of  all 
senators,  representatives,  and  delegates,  with  biographi 
cal  data ;  dates  of  the  successive  sessions,  names  of 
speakers  of  the  House  and  presidents  of  the  Senate,  sec 
retaries  of  the  Senate  and  clerks  of  tho  House,  chaplains 
to  Congress,  accounts  of  the  successive  administrations 
and  Presidential  electors,  details  of  the  Supreme  Court 
and  foreign  ministries,  the  organization  of  the  Executive 
departments,  the  Constitution,  the  origin  of  the  names  of 
the  states,  qualifications  for  suffrage  in  the  several  states, 
tables  of  population,  and  a  great  deal  of  other  instructive 
matter  which  cannot  be  found,  so  far  as  we  are  aware,  in 
any  other  form  so  compendious  and  available. 


EGRESS, 


3  MEMBERS 
X 


NMENT; 


/^ 


ENDIX, 


UAL    OF    REFERENCE 


FD   STATESMAN. 


3-LANMAN.,  , 


THE   AUTHOR, 

'NCOTT    &    CO. 


19. 


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those 
find  h 
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pastor 
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of  his 
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ritan 
as  we 
states 


DICTIONARY 


UNITED  STATES  CONGRESS, 


CONTAINING 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  OF  ITS  MEMBERS 


THE  FOUNDATION  OF  THE  GOVERNMENT; 


AN  APPENDIX, 


COMPILED    AS    A    MANUAL    OF    REFERENCE 


LEGISLATOR  AND   STATESMAN. 


BY  CHARLES  LANMAN.,, 


PUBLISHED   FOR   THE   AUTHOR, 

BY    J.    B.    LIPPINCOTT    &    CO. 

PHILADELPHIA. 

1859. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1858,  by 
CHARLES   LANMAN, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  District 

of  Columbia. 


INTRODUCTION. 


POLITICAL  laws,  wisely  framed,  have  made  the  United 
States  powerful  and  wealthy  to  a  degree  unexampled  in 
modern  times;  and  I  have  thought  that  a  book  of  facts, 
recording  the  public  services  of  our  National  law-makers, 
would  be  a  deserved  tribute  to  them,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
be  generally  useful.  The  record  has  been  made  in  each  case 
as  correct  and  concise  as  possible.  Of  many  men  more 
might  have  been  written,  but  that  was  not  deemed  expe 
dient  in  a  work  of  this  kind;  and  where  not  enough  has 
been  said,  the  fault  must  be  attributed  to  the  indifference  of 
the  persons  mostly  interested,  or  to  the  neglect  of  their 
friends.  Not  being  a  politician,  it  has  given  me  but  little 
trouble  to  be  impartial.  My  leading  object  has  been  to  pre 
pare  a  kind  of  labor-saving  machine  for  the  benefit  of  all 
those  who  feel  an  interest  in  the  political  history  and  future 
prosperity  of  the  Republic;  and  in  the  Appendix  I  have 
endeavored  to  bring  together  from  the  Government  Archives 
a  mass  of  legislative  and  executive  information  calculated 
to  be  of  service  to  members  of  Congress  while  engaged  in 
their  public  duties. 

•  Tbus  far  had  I  progressed  with  this  Introduction;  and 
while  hesitating  as  to  its  continuation,  it  was  my  good  for 
tune  to  be  present  in  the  United  States  Senate,  when  that 
body  formally  changed  its  place  of  meeting.  All  the  pro 
ceedings  on  this  occasion  were  highly  interesting,  and  a  few 
remarks  offered  by  the  Hon.  John  J.  Crittenden — the  oldest 
member  of  the  Senate — were  truly  affecting.  After  he  had 
resumed  his  seat,  an  address  was  delivered  by  the  Vice-Pre 
sident,  of  the  United  States,  at  the  previous  request  of  the 

229459 


4  INTRODUCTION. 

Senate.  The  propriety  of  sketching,  as  he  did,  a  history  of 
the  meeting-places  of  the  Federal  Congress,  struck  me  with 
great  force.  I  saw,  moreover,  that  just  such  an  account  as 
he  had  given  to  the  Senate,  would  enhance  the  value  of  my 
work,  as  one  of  reference,  and  my  next  thought  was  to  re 
quest  the  use  of  it  in  this  place.  My  appeal  and  its  results 
were  as  follows  : — 

GEORGETOWN,  D.  C.,  January  4,  1859. 
HON.  JOHN  C.  BRECKINRIDGE,  YICE-PRESIDENT,  &c. 

DEAR  SIR  : — It  was  my  privilege  to  hear  your  address  to  the  Senate, 
commemorating  the  departure  of  that  body  from  its  old  chamber  to  the 
new  wing  of  the  Capitol.  It  contained  many  particulars  of  great  interest 
both  to  the  statesmen  of  the  country  and  the  public  at  large.  The  pathos 
and  lofty  tone  of  your  words  were  in  keeping  with  the  impressive  charac 
ter  of  your  facts,  and  I  cannot  but  believe  that,  from  this  day  forward,  the 
honor  and  importance  of  being  a  Senator  or  Representative  in  the  Ame 
rican  Congress,  will  be  more  fully  appreciated  than  ever  before.  I  was 
especially  impressed  by  your  address,  as  connected  with  that  extensive 
brotherhood  of  men,  whose  public  services  I  have  endeavored  to  chronicle 
in  my  Dictionary  of  Congress,  now  going  through  the  press.  I  have 
ventured,  therefore,  to  request  it  as  a  personal  favor,  that  you  will  permit 
me  to  print  your  eloquent  and  patriotic  remarks  in  the  Introduction  to 
my  new  publication. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  Sir, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

CHARLES  LANMAN. 


WASHINGTON  CITY,  January  5,  1859. 

DEAR  SIR  : — In  answer  to  your  letter  of  yesterday's  date,  asking  my 
consent  to  the  publication,  in  the  Introduction  to  your  Dictionary  of 
Congress,  of  my  remarks  on  the  occasion  of  the  Senate's  removal  from  the 
old  chamber,  I  have  to  thank  you  for  the  terms  in  which  you  have  been 
pleased  to  speak  of  them,  and  to  say  that  I  have  no  objection  to  your  ap 
propriating  the  whole  or  any  part. 
And  I  am, 

Yours  respectfully, 

JOHN  C.  BRECKINRIDGE. 
CHARLES  LANMAN,  ESQ., 

Georgetown,  D.  C. 


INTRODUCTION. 


THE    ADDRESS. 


SENATORS  : — I  have  been  charged  by  the  committee  to  whom  you  confided  the 
arrangements  of  this  day  with  the  duty  of  expressing  some  of  the  reflections  that, 
naturally  occur  in  taking  final  leave  of  a  chamber  which  has  so  long  been  occu 
pied  by  the  Senate.  In  the  progress  of  our  country  and  the  growth  of  the  re 
presentation,  this  room  has  become  too  contracted  for  the  representatives  of  the 
States  now  existing  and  soon  to  exist ;  and  accordingly  you  are  about  to  ex 
change  it  for  a  hall  affording  accommodations  adequate  to  the  present  and  the 
future.  The  occasion  suggests  many  interesting  reminiscences;  and  it  may  be 
agreeable,  in  the  first  place,  to  occupy  a  few  minutes  with  a  short  account  of  the 
various  places  at  which  Congress  has  assembled,  of  the  struggles  which  preceded 
the  permanent  location  of  the  seat  of  government,  and  of  the  circumstances  under 
which  it  was  finally  established  on  the  banks  of  the  Potomac. 

The  Congress  of  the  Revolution  was  sometimes  a  fugitive,  holding  its  sessions, 
as  the  chances  of  war  required,  at  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Lancaster,  Annapo 
lis,  and  York-town.  During  the  period  between  the  conclusion  of  peace  and  the 
commencement  of  the  present  Government,  it  met  at  Princeton,  Annapolis, 
Trenton,  and  New  York. 

After  the  idea  of  a  permanent  Union  had  been  executed  in  part  by  the  adop 
tion  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation,  the  question  presented  itself  of  fixing  a 
seat  of  government,  and  this  immediately  called  forth  intense  interest  and  ri 
valry. 

That  the  place  should  be  central,  having  regard  to  the  population  and  terri 
tory  of  the  Confederacy,  was  the  only  point  common  to  the  contending  parties. 
Propositions  of  all  kinds  were  offered,  debated  and  rejected,  sometimes  with  in 
temperate  warmth.  At  length,  on  the  7th  of  October,  1783,  the  Congress  being 
at  Princeton,  whither  they  had  been  driven  from  Philadelphia  by  the  insults  of 
a  body  of  armed  men,  it  was  resolved  that  a  building  for  the  use  of  Congress  be 
erected  near  the  falls  of  the  Delaware.  This  was  soon  after  modified  by  requir 
ing  suitable  buildings  to  be  also  erected  near  the  falls  of  the  Potomac,  that  the 
residence  of  Congress  might  alternate  between  those  places.  But  the  question 
was  not  allowed  to  rest,  and  at  length,  after  frequent  and  warm  debates,  it  was 
resolved  that  the  residence  of  Congress  should  continue  at  one  place;  and  com 
missioners  were  appointed  with  full  power  to  lay  out  a  district  for  a  Federal 


6  INTRODUCTION. 

town  near  the  falls  of  the  Delaware ;  and  in  the  mean  time  Congress  assembled 
alternately  at  Trenton  and  Annapolis;  but  the  representatives  of  other  States 
were  unremitting  in  exertions  for  their  respective  localities. 

On  the  23d  of  December,  1784,  it  was  resolved  to  remove  to  the  City  of  New 
York,  and  to  remain  there  until  the  building  on  the  Delaware  should  be  com 
pleted  ;  and  accordingly,  on  the  llth  of  January,  1785,  the  Congress  met  at  New 
York,  where  they  continued  to  hold  their  sessions  until  the  Confederation  gave 
place  to  the  Constitution. 

The  commissioners  to  lay  out  a  town  on  the  Delaware  reported  their  pro 
ceedings  to  Congress,  but  no  further  steps  were  taken  to  carry  the  resolution 
into  effect. 

When  the  bonds  of  union  were  drawn  closer  by  the  organization  of  the  new 
Government  under  the  Constitution,  on  the  3d  of  March,  1789,  the  subject  was 
revived  and  discussed  with  greater  warmth  than  before.*  It  was  conceded,  on 
all  sides,  that  the  residence  of  Congress  should  continue  at  one  place,  and  the 
prospect  of  stability  in  the  Government  invested  the  question  with  a  deeper  in 
terest.  Some  members  proposed  New  York  as  being  "  superior  to  any  place 
they  knew  for  the  orderly  and  decent  behavior  of  its  inhabitants."  To  this  it 
was  answered  that  it  was  not  desirable  that  the  political  capital  should  be  in  a 
commercial  metropolis.  Others  ridiculed  the  idea  of  building  palaces  in  the 
woods.  Mr.  Gerry,  of  Massachusetts,  thought  it  highly  unreasonable  to  fix  the 
seat  of  government  in  such  a  position  as  to  have  nine  States  of  the  thirteen  to 
the  northward  of  the  place ;  while  the  South  Carolinians  objected  to  Philadel 
phia  on  account  of  the  number  of  Quakers,  who,  they  said,  continually  annoyed 
the  Southern  members  with  schemes  of  emancipation. 

In  the  midst  of  these  disputes  the  House  of  Representatives  resolved  "that 
the  permanent  seat  of  government  ought  to  be  at  some  convenient  place  on  the 
banks  of  the  Susquehanna."  On  the  introduction  of  a  bill  to  give  effect  to  this 
resolution,  much  feeling  was  exhibited,  especially  by  the  Southern  members. 
Mr.  Madison  thought  if  the  proceeding  of  that  day  had  been  foreseen  by  Vir 
ginia,  that  State  might  not  have  become  a  party  to  the  Constitution.  The  ques 
tion  was  allowed  by  every  member  to  be  a  matter  of  great  importance.  Mr. 
Scott  said  the  future  tranquillity  and  well-being  of  the  United  States  depended 
as  much  on  this  as  on  any  question  that  had  ever  or  could  come  before  Congress ; 
and  Mr.  Fisher  Ames  remarked  that  every  principle  of  pride  and  honor,  and  even 
of  patriotism,  were  engaged.  For  a  time  any  agreement  appeared  to  be  impos 
sible  ;  but  the  good  genius  of  our  system  finally  prevailed,  and  on  the  28th  of 
June,  1790,  an  act  was  passed  containing  the  following  clause  : — 

"That  a  district  of  territory  on  the  River  Potomac,  at  some  place  between  the 
mouths  of  the  Eastern  Branch  and  the  Connogocheague,  be  and  the  same  is  hereby 
accepted  for  the  permanent  seat  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States." 

The  same  act  provided  that  Congress  should  hold  its  sessions  at  Philadelphia 
until  the  first  Monday  in  November,  1800,  when  the  Government  should  remove 
to  the  district  selected  on  the  Potomac.  Thus  was  settled  a  question  which 
had  produced  much  sectional  feeling  between  the  States.  But  all  difficulties 


*  For  a  table  of  data,  in  this  connection,  see  Appendix. — C.  L. 


INTRODUCTION.  7 

were  not  yet  surmounted ;  for  Congress,  either  from  indifference  or  the  want 
of  money,  failed  to  make  adequate  appropriations  for  the  erection  of  public  build 
ings,  and  the  commissioners  were  often  reduced  to  great  straits  to  maintain  the 
progress  of  the  work.  Finding  it  impossible  to  borrow  money  in  Europe  or  to 
obtain  it  from  Congress,  Washington,  in  December,  1796,  made  a  personal  ap 
peal  to  the  Legislature  of  Maryland,  which  was  responded  to  by  an  advance  of 
$100,000;  but  in  so  deplorable  a  condition  was  the  credit  of  the  Federal  Go 
vernment,  that  the  State  required,  as  a  guarantee  of  payment,  the  pledge  of  the 
private  credit  of  the  commissioners. 

From  the  beginning  Washington  had  advocated  the  present  seat  of  govern 
ment.  Its  establishment  here  was  due,  in  a  large  measure,  to  his  influence ;  it 
was  his  wisdom  and  prudence  that  composed  disputes  and  settled  conflicting 
titles ;  and  it  was  chiefly  through  his  personal  influence  that  the  funds  were  pro 
vided  to  prepare  the  buildings  for  the  reception  of  the  President  and  Congress. 

The  wings  of  the  Capitol  having  been  sufficiently  prepared,  the  Government 
removed  to  this  District  on  the  17th  of  November,  1800;  or,  as  Mr.  Wolcott  ex 
pressed  it,  left  the  comforts  of  Philadelphia  "to  go  to  the  Indian  place,  with  the 
long  name,  in  the  woods,  on  the  Potomac."  I  will  not  pause  to  describe  the  ap 
pearance,  at  that  day,  of  the  place  where  the  city  was  to  be,  Cotemporary  ac 
counts  represent  it  as  desolate  in  the  extreme,  with  its  long  unopened  avenues 
and  streets,  its  deep  morasses,  and  its  vast  area  covered  with  trees  instead  of 
houses.  It  is  enough  to  say  that  Washington  projected  the  whole  plan  upon  a 
scale  of  centuries,  and  that  time  enough  remains  to  fill  the  measure  of  his  great 
conception. 

The  Senate  continued  to  occupy  the  north  wing,  and  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives  the  south  wing  of  the  Capitol,  until  the  24th  of  August,  1814,  when  the 
British  army  entered  the  city  and  burnt  the  public  buildings.  This  occurred 
during  the  recess,  and  the  President  immediately  convened  the  Congress.  Both 
Houses  met  in  a  brick  building  known  as  Blodget's  Hotel,  which  occupied  a  part 
of  the  square  now  covered  by  the  General  Post-office.  But  the  accommodations 
in  that  house  being  quite  insufficient,  a  number  of  public-spirited  citizens  erected 
a  more  commodious  building  on  Capitol  Hill,  and  tendered  it  to  Congress  ;  the 
offer  was  accepted,  and  both  Houses  continued  to  occupy  it  until  the  wings  of 
the  new  Capitol  were  completed.  This  building  yet  stands  on  the  street  oppo 
site  to  the  northeastern  corner  of  the  Capitol  Square,  and  has  since  been  occa 
sionally  occupied  by  persons  employed  in  different  branches  of  the  public  ser 
vice. 

On  the  Gth  of  December,  1819,  the  Senate  assembled  for  the  first  time  in  this 
chamber,  which  has  been  the  theatre  of  their  deliberations  for  more  than  thirty- 
nine  years,  and  now  that  the  strifes  and  uncertainties  of  the  past  are  finished, 
we  see  around  us  on  every  side  the  proofs  of  stability  and  improvement.  This 
Capitol  is  worthy  of  the  Republic ;  noble  public  buildings  meet  the  view  on 
every  hand ;  treasures  of  science  and  the  arts  begin  to  accumulate.  As  this 
flourishing  city  enlarges,  it  testifies  to  the  wisdom  and  foresight  that  dictated  the 
plan  of  it.  Future  generations  will  not  be  disturbed  with  questions  concerning 
the  centre  of  population,  or  of  territory,  since  the  steamboat,  the  railroad,  and 
the  telegraph  have  made  communication  almost  instantaneous.  The  spot  is  sa- 


8  INTRODUCTION. 

cred  by  a  thousand  memories,  which  are  so  many  pledges  that  the  City  of  Wash 
ington,  founded  by  him,  and  bearing  his  revered  name,  with  its  beautiful  site, 
bounded  by  picturesque  eminences,  and  the  broad  Potomac,  and  lying  within 
view  of  his  home  and  tomb,  shall  remain  forever  the  political  capital  of  the 
United  States. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  note  the  gradual  changes  which  have  occurred  in 
the  practical  working  of  the  Government  since  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution ; 
and  it  may  be  appropriate  to  this  occasion  to  remark  one  of  the  most  striking  of 
them. 

At  the  origin  of  the  Government  the  Senate  seemed  to  be  regarded  chiefly  as 
an  Executive  council.  The  President  often  visited  the  chamber  and  conferred 
personally  with  this  body ;  most  of  its  business  was  transacted  with  closed  doors, 
and  it  took  comparatively  little  part  in  the  legislative  debates.  The  rising  and 
vigorous  intellects  of  the  country  sought  the  arena  of  the  House  of  Representa 
tives  as  the  appropriate  theatre  for  the  display  of  their  powers.  Mr.  Madison 
observed,  on  some  occasion,  that  being  a  young  man,  and  desiring  to  increase  his 
reputation,  he  could  not  afford  to  enter  the  Senate  ;  and  it  will  be  remembered 
that,  so  late  as  1812,  the  great  debates  which  preceded  the  war  and  aroused  the 
country  to  the  assertion  of  its  rights,  took  place  in  the  other  branch  of  Congress. 
To  such  an  extent  was  the  idea  of  seclusion  carried,  that,  when  this  chamber 
was  completed,  no  seats  were  prepared  for  the  accommodation  of  the  public ; 
and  it  was  not  until  many  years  afterwards  that  the  semicircular  gallery  was 
erected,  which  admits  the  people  to  be  witnesses  of  your  proceedings.  But  now, 
the  Senate,  besides  its  peculiar  relations  to  the  Executive  department  of  the  Go 
vernment,  assumes  its  full  share  of  duty  as  a  coequal  branch  of  the  Legislature ; 
indeed,  from  the  limited  number  of  its  members  and  for  other  obvious  reasons, 
the  most  important  questions,  especially  of  foreign  policy,  are  apt  to  pass  first 
under  discussion  in  this  body,  and  to  be  a  member  of  it  is  justly  regarded  as  one 
of  the  highest  honors  which  can  be  conferred  on  an  American  statesman. 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  point  out  the  causes  of  this  change,  or  to  say  that 
it  is  a  concession  both  to  the  importance  and  the  individuality  of  the  States,  and 
to  the  free  and  open  character  of  the  Government. 

]n  connection  with  this  easy  but  thorough  transition,  it  is  worthy  of  remark, 
that  it  has  been  effected  without  a  charge  from  any  quarter  that  the  Senate  has 
transcended  its  constitutional  sphere — a  tribute  at  once  to  the  moderation  of 
the  Senate,  and  another  proof  to  thoughtful  men  of  the  comprehensive  wisdom 
with  which  the  framers  of  the  Constitution  secured  essential  principles  without 
inconveniently  embarrassing  the  action  of  the  Government. 

The  progress  of  this  popular  movement,  in  one  aspect  of  it,  has  been  steady 
and  marked.  At  the  origin  of  the  Government  no  arrangements  in  the  Senate 
were  made  for  spectators ;  in  this  chamber  about  one-third  of  the  space  is  al 
lotted  to  the  public ;  and  in  the  new  apartment  the  galleries  cover  two-thirds  of 
its  area.  In  all  free  countries  the  admission  of  the  people  to  witness  legislative 
proceedings  is  an  essential  element  of  public  confidence ;  and  it  is  not  to  be 
anticipated  that  this  wholesome  principle  will  ever  be  abused  by  the  substitution 
of  partial  and  interested  demonstrations  for  the  expression  of  a  matured  and 
enlightened  public  opinion.  Yet  it  should  never  be  forgotten  that  not  France, 


INTRODUCTION.  9 

but  the  turbulent  spectators  within  the  hall,  awed  and  controlled  the  French 
Assembly.  With  this  lesson  and  its  consequences  before  us,  the  time  will  never 
come  when  the  deliberations  of  the  Senate  shall  be  swayed  by  the  blandish 
ments  or  the  thunders  of  the  galleries. 

It  is  impossible  to  disconnect  from  an  occasion  like  this  a  crowd  of  reflections 
on  our  own  past  history,  and  of  speculations  on  the  future.  The  most  meagre  ac 
count  of  the  Senate  involves  a  summary  of  the  progress  of  our  country.  From 
year  to  year  you  have  seen  your  representation  enlarge ;  time  and  again  you 
have  proudly  welcomed  a  new  sister  into  the  Confederacy ;  and  the  occurrences 
of  this  day  are  a  material  and  impressive  proof  of  the  growth  and  prosperity  of 
the  United  States.  Three  periods  in  the  history  of  the  Senate  mark,  in  striking 
contrast,  three  epochs  in  the  history  of  the  Union. 

On  the  3d  of  March,  1789,  when  the  Government  was  organized  under  the 
Constitution,  the  Senate  was  composed  of  the  representatives  of  eleven  States, 
containing  three  million  people. 

On  the  6th  of  December,  1819,  when  the  Senate  met  for  the  first  time  in  this 
room,  it  was  composed  of  the  representatives  of  twenty-one  States,  containing 
nine  million  people. 

To-day  it  is  composed  of  the  representatives  of  thirty-two  States,  containing 
more  than  twenty-eight  million  people,  prosperous,  happy,  and  still  devoted  to 
constitutional  liberty.  Let  these  great  facts  speak  for  themselves  to  all  the 
world. 

The  career  of  the  United  States  cannot  be  measured  by  that  of  any  other 
people  of  whom  history  gives  account ;  and  the  mind  is  almost  appalled  at  the 
contemplation  of  the  prodigious  force  which  has  marked  their  progress.  Sixty- 
nine  years  ago,  thirteen  States,  containing  three  millions  of  inhabitants,  bur 
dened  with  debt  and  exhausted  by  the  long  war  of  Independence,  established 
for  their  common  good  a  free  Constitution,  on  principles  new  to  mankind,  and 
began  their  experiment  with  the  good  wishes  of  a  few  doubting  friends  and  the 
derision  of  the  world.  Look  at  the  result  to-day  ;  twenty-eight  millions  of  peo 
ple,  in  every  way  happier  than  an  equal  number  in  any  other  part  of  the  globe  ; 
the  centre  of  population  and  political  power  descending  the  western  slopes  of 
the  Alleghany  mountains,  and  the  original  thirteen  States  forming  but  the  east 
ern  margin  on  the  map  of  our  vast  possessions !  See,  besides  Christianity,  civi 
lization,  and  the  arts  given  to  a  continent,  the  despised  Colonies  grown  into  a 
Power  of  the  first  class,  representing  and  protecting  ideas  that  involve  the  pro 
gress  of  the  human  race ;  a  commerce  greater  than  that  of  any  other  nation ; 
every  variety  of  climate,  soil,  and  production,  to  make  a  people  powerful  and 
happy  ;  free  interchange  between  the  States  ;  in  a  word,  behold  present  great 
ness,  and,  in  the  future,  an  empire  to  which  the  ancient  mistress  of  the  world  in 
the  height  of  her  glory  could  not  be  compared.  Such  is  our  country ;  ay,  and 
more — far  more  than  my  mind  could  conceive  or  my  tongue  could  utter.  Is 
there  an  American  who  regrets  the  past  ?  Is  there  one  who  will  deride  his 
country's  laws,  pervert  her  Constitution,  or  alienate  her  people  ?  If  there  be 
such  a  man,  let  his  memory  descend  to  posterity  laden  with  the  execrations  of 
all  mankind. 

So  happy  is  the  political  and  social  condition  of  the  United  States,  and  so 


10  INTRODUCTION. 

accustomed  are  we  to  the  secure  enjoyment  of  a  freedom  elsewhere  unknown, 
that  we  are  apt  to  undervalue  the  treasures  we  possess,  and  to  lose,  in  some  de 
gree,  the  sense  of  obligation  to  our  forefathers.  But  when  the  strifes  of  faction 
shake  the  Government  and  even  threaten  it,  we  may  pause  with  advantage  long 
enough  to  remember  that  we  are  reaping  the  reward  of  other  men's  labors. 
This  liberty  we  inherit ;  this  admirable  Constitution,  which  has  survived  peace 
and  war,  prosperity  and  adversity ;  this  double  scheme  of  Government,  State 
and  Federal,  so  peculiar  and  so  little  understood  by  other  Powers,  yet  which 
protects  the  earnings  of  industry,  and  makes  the  largest  personal  freedom  com 
patible  with  public  order ;  these  great  results  were  not  acquired  without  wisdom 
and  toil  and  blood.  The  touching  and  heroic  record  is  before  the  world  ;  but  to 
all  this  we  were  born,  and,  like  heirs'  upon  whom  has  been  cast  a  great  inherit 
ance,  have  only  the  high  duty  to  preserve,  to  extend,  and  to  adorn  it.  The  grand 
productions  of  the  era  in  which  the  foundations  of  this  Government  were  laid 
reveal  the  deep  sense  its  founders  had  of  their  obligations  to  the  whole  family 
of  man.  Let  us  never  forget  that  the  responsibilities  imposed  on  this  genera 
tion  are  by  so  much  the  greater  than  those  which  rested  on  our  revolutionary 
ancestors,  as  the  population,  extent,  and  power  of  our  country  surpass  the 
dawning  promise  of  its  origin. 

It  would  be  a  pleasing  task  to  pursue  many  trains  of  thought  not  wholly 
foreign  to  this  occasion,  but  the  temptation  to  enter  the  wide  field  must  be 
vigorously  curbed ;  yet  I  may  be  pardoned  perhaps  for  one  or  two  additional 
reflections. 

The  Senate  is  assembled  for  the  last  time  in  this  chamber.  Henceforth  it 
will  be  converted  to  other  uses  ;  yet  it  must  remain  forever  connected  with  great 
events,  and  sacred  to  the  memories  of  the  departed  orators  and  statesmen  who 
here  engaged  in  high  debates  and  shaped  the  policy  of  their  country.  Hereaf 
ter  the  American  and  the  stranger,  as  they  wander  through  the  Capitol,  will 
turn  with  instinctive  reverence  to  view  the  spot  on  which  so  many  and  great 
materials  have  accumulated  for  history.  They  will  recall  the  images  of  the 
great  and  the  good,  whose  renown  is  the  common  property  of  the  Union  ;  and 
chiefly,  perhaps,  they  will  linger  around  the  seats  once  occupied  by  the  mighty 
three,  whose  names  and  fame,  associated  in  life,  death  has  not  been  able  to 
sever ;  illustrious  men,  who  in  their  generation  sometimes  divided,  sometimes 
led,  and  sometimes  resisted  public  opinion— for  they  were  of  that  higher  class  of 
statesmen  who  seek  the  right  and  follow  their  convictions. 

There  sat  Calhoun,  the  Senator,  inflexible,  austere,  oppressed  but  not  over 
whelmed  by  his  deep  sense  of  the  importance  of  his  public  functions ;  seeking  the 
truth,  then  fearlessly  following  it ;  a  man  whose  unsparing  intellect  compelled 
all  his  emotions  to  harmonize  with  the  deductions  of  his  vigorous  logic,  and 
whose  noble  countenance  habitually  wore  the  expression  of  one  engaged  in  the 
performance  of  high  public  duties. 

This  was  Webster's  seat.  He,  too,  was  even  such  a  Senator.  Conscious  of 
his  own  vast  powers,  he  reposed  with  confidence  on  himself;  and  scorning  the 
contrivances  of  smaller  men,  he  stood  among  his  peers  all  the  greater  for  the 
simple  dignity  of  his  Senatorial  demeanor.  Type  of  his  Northern  home,  he  rises 
before  the  imagination,  in  the  grand  and  granite  outline  of  his  form  and  Intel. 


INTRODUCTION.  11 

Icct,  like  a  great  New  England  rock  repelling  a  New  England  wave.  As  a 
writer,  his  productions  will  He  cherished  by  statesmen  and  scholars  while  the 
English  tongue  is  spoken ;  as  a  Senatorial  orator,  his  great  efforts  are  histori 
cally  associated  with  this  chamber,  whose  very  air  seems  yet  to  vibrate  beneath 
the  stroke  of  his  deep  tones  and  his  weighty  words. 

On  the  outer  circle  sat  Henry  Clay,  with  his  impetuous  and  ardent  nature, 
untamed  by  age,  and  exhibiting  in  the  Senate  the  same  vehement  patriotism 
and  passionate  eloquence  that  of  yore  electrified  the  House  of  Representatives 
and  the  country.  His  extraordinary  personal  endowments,  his  courage,  all  his 
noble  qualities,  invested  him  with  an  individuality  and  a  charm  of  character 
which,  in  any  age,  would  have  made  him  a  favorite  of  history.  He  loved  his 
country  above  all  earthly  objects.  He  loved  liberty  in  all  countries.  Illus 
trious  man ! — orator,  patriot,  philanthropist — his  light  at  its  meridian  was  seen 
and  felt  in  the  remotest  parts  of  the  civilized  world ;  and  his  declining  sun, 
as  it  hastened  down  the  west,  threw  back  its  level  beams  in  hues  of  mellowed 
splendor  to  illuminate  and  to  cheer  the  land  he  loved  and  served  so  well. 

All  the  States  may  point,  with  gratified  pride,  to  the  services  in  the  Senate  of 
their  patriotic  sons  Crowding  the  memory,  come  the  names  of  Adams,  Ilayne, 
Mason,  Otis,  Macon,  Pinckney,  and  the  rest — I  cannot  number  them — who,  in 
the  record  of  their  acts  and  utterances,  appeal  to  their  successors  to  give  the 
Union  a  destiny  not  unworthy  of  the  past.  AVhat  models  were  these,  to  awaken 
emulation  or  to  plunge  in  despair !  Fortunate  will  be  the  American  statesmen 
who,  in  this  age,  or  in  succeeding  times,  shall  contribute  to  invest  the  new  hall 
to  which  we  go  with  historic  memories  like  those  which  cluster  here. 

And  now,  Senators,  we  leave  this  memorable  chamber,  bearing  with  us,  un 
impaired,  the  Constitution  we  received  from  our  forefathers.  Let  us  cherish  it 
with  grateful  acknowledgments  to  the  Divine  Power  who  controls  the  destinies 
of  empires  and  whose  goodness  we  adore.  The  structures  reared  by  men  yield 
to  the  corroding  tooth  of  time.  These  marble  walls  must  moulder  into  ruin  ; 
but  the  principles  of  constitutional  liberty,  guarded  by  wisdom  and  virtue,  unlike 
material  elements,  do  not  decay.  Let  us  devoutly  trust  that  another  Senate,  in 
another  age,  shall  bear  to  a  new  and  larger  chamber  this  Constitution,  vigorous 
and  inviolate,  and  that  the  last  generation  of  posterity  shall  witness  the  delibe 
rations  of  the  Representatives  of  American  States  still  united,  prosperous,  and 
free. 


CONTENTS. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


APPENDIX. 


SUCCESSIVE  SESSIONS  OF  CONGRESS 3 

SPEAKERS  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES 5 

PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  SENATE '. 6 

SUCCESSIVE  ADMINISTRATIONS 9 

PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTORS 16 

THE  SUPREME  COURT 70 

MINISTERS  TO  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES 74 

THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE 93 

MEMBERS  OF  THE  CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS 101 

PRESIDENTS   OF  THE   CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS 106 

SESSIONS   OF  THE   CONTINENTAL   CONGRESS 106 

THE  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 107 

ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENTS 125 

THE  SEVERAL  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  UNION.  13G 

PROGRESS   OF  POPULATION   IN   THE   UNITED   STATES 143 

POPULATION   AND   RATIO   OF   REPRESENTATION 144 

THE  STATE  AND  TERRITORIAL  GOVERNORS...  .  146 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


ABBOTT,  AMOS. 

BORN  at  Andover,  Massachu 
setts,  September  10,  1786.  He  was 
educated  at  a  district  school,  but 
spent  the  most  of  his  life  as  a  trader 
and  merchant.  He  represented  his 
native  State  in  Congress,  from  1843 
to  1849,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  the  Militia,  and  on 
Manufactures. 

ABBOTT,  JOEL. 

Was  born  in  Fairfield,  Connnecti- 
cut,  emigrated  to  Georgia,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Wilkes  County,  in  that 
State,  from  1817  to  1825,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Commerce  and  the  Slave-Trade. 

ABBOTT,  NEHEMIAH. 
Born  in   Sidney,  Maine,  March 
29,  1806.     He  is  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession  ;  was  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,   in  the  Maine 
Legislature,  in  1842  and  1843,  and 
was  elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress.    He  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Revolutionary  Pensions. 
2 


ABERCROMBIE,  JAMES. 
He  was  born  in  Georgia,  and,  re 
moving  to  Alabama,  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in   Congress,   from   that 
State,  from  1851  to  1855. 

ADAIB,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  1758 ;  was  a  Se 
nator  of  the  United  States,  from 
Kentucky,  during  the  years  1805 
and  180G;  commanded  the  Ken 
tucky  troops  at  the  battle  of  New 
Orleans,  under  General  Jackson; 
and  was  appointed  a  general  in  the 
army.  He  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky, 
from  1831  to  1833,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Military 
Affairs.  He  died  at  Harrodsburg, 
May  19,  1840. 

ADAMS,  BENJAMIN. 
Born  at  Worcester,  Massachu 
setts  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1816  to  1826,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Re 
volutionary  Pensions  and  Public  Ex 
penditures.  He  died  at  Uxbridge, 
Massachusetts,  in  April,  1837. 


18 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


ADAMS,  GEORGE. 
He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from   Adams  County,   Mississippi, 
from  1829  to  1830. 

ADAMS,  GREEN. 

Born  in  Barborville,  Knox  Coun 
ty,  Kentucky,  August  20,  1812 ; 
was  bred  a  farmer,  but  read  law  and 
adopted  that  profession;  in  1839, 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  re-elected ;  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1847  to  1849,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Engraving.  He  was  also  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1844,  and  since 
he  left  Congress,  has  been  a  Judge 
of  the  Circuit  Court. 

ADAMS,  JOHN. 

Born  atBraintree,  Massachusetts, 
October  30,  1735;  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1755;  in 
structed  a  class  of  scholars  in  Latin 
and  Greek  for  a  subsistence ;  studied 
law,  and  having  been  admitted  to 
the  bar,  settled  at  Quincy  to  prac 
tice  his  profession.  As  a  member 
of  the  Old  Congress,  he  was  among 
the  foremost  in  recommending  an 
independent  government.  In  1777, 
he  was  chosen  Commissioner  to  the 
Court  of  Versailles.  On  his  return 
he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the 
Convention  called  to  prepare  a  form 
of  government  for  Massachusetts. 
In  September,  1779,  he  was  ap 
pointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
negotiate  a  peace,  and  had  autho 
rity  to  form  a  commercial  treaty 
with  Great  Britain.  In  June,  1780, 


he  was  appointed  Ambassador  to 
Holland;  and,  in  1782,  he  went  to 
Paris  to  engage  in  the  negotiation 
for  peace,  having  previously  ob 
tained  assurance  that  Great  Britain 
would  recognize  the  independence 
of  the  United  States.  After  serv 
ing  on  two  or  three  commissions  to 
form  treaties  of  amity  and  com 
merce  with  foreign  powers,  in  1785 
he  was  appointed  first  Minister  to 
London ;  and,  in  1788,  having  been 
absent  nine  years,  he  returned  to 
America.  In  March,  1789,  the  new 
Constitution  of  the  United  States 
went  into  operation,  and  he  became 
the  first  Yice-President,  which  office 
he  held  during  the  whole  of  Wash 
ington's  administration.  On  the 
resignation  of  Washington,  he  be 
came,  March  4,  1797,  President  of 
the  United  States.  This  was  the 
termination  of  his  public  functions ; 
and  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his 
days  upon  his  farm  in  Quincy,  occu 
pying  himself  with  agriculture,  and 
obtaining  amusement  from  the  lite 
rature  and  politics  of  the  day.  He 
died  on  the  fourth  of  July,  1826, 
with  the  same  words  on  his  lips 
which,  fifty  years  before,  on  that  clay, 
he  had  uttered  on  the  floor  of  Con 
gress  : —  "  Independence  forever !" 
His  principal  publications  are — 
"Letters  on  the  American  Revolu 
tion,"  "  Defence  of  the  American 
Constitution,"  an  "  Essay  on  Canon 
and  Federal  Laws,"  a  series  of  let- 
!  ters  under  the  signature  of  Novan- 
j  glus,  and  Discourses  on  Davila.  It 
was  as  Yice-President  that  he  had 
a  seat  in  the  Senate. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


19 


ADAMS,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Green  County,  New 
York,  from  1833  to  1835,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Inva 
lid  Pensions.  He  died  at  Catskill, 
New  York,  September  28,  1854. 

ADAMS,  JOHN  QUINCY. 

Born  in  Braintree,  now  Quincy, 
Mass.,  July  11,  1767.  When  ten 
years  of  age,  he  accompanied  his 
father  to  France ;  and  when  fifteen, 
was  private  secretary  to  the  Ame 
rican  Minister  in  Russia.  He  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1787  ;  studied  law  in  Newburyport, 
and  settled  in  Boston.  From  1794 
to  1801  he  was  American  Minister 
to  Holland,  England,  Sweden,  and 
Prussia.  He  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  1803  to  1808  ;  Professor 
of  Rhetoric  in  Harvard  University, 
with  limited  duties,  from  1806  to 
1808;  was  appointed,  in  1809,  Min 
ister  to  R  ussia ;  assisted  in  negotiat 
ing  the  Treaty  of  Ghent,  in  1814; 
and  assisted,  also,  as  Minister,  at 
the  Convention  of  Commerce  with 
Great  Britain,  in  1815.  He  was 
Secretary  of  State  under  President 
Monroe ;  and  was  chosen  President 
of  the  United  States  in  1825 — 
serving  one  term.  In  1831  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  and  continued  in  that  posi 
tion  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  the  Speaker's  room,  two  days 
after  falling  from  his  seat  in  the 
House  of  Representatives,  Febru 
ary  23,  1848.  His  last  words  were: 
"  This  is  the  end  of  earth ;  I  am 


content."  He  published  "Letters 
on  Silesia,1'  "  Lectures  on  Rhetoric 
and  Oratory,"  and  various  "  Poems," 
besides  many  occasional  letters  and 
speeches.  His  unpublished  writings, 
it  is  said,  would  make  many  vo 
lumes. 

ADAMS,  PARMENIO. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Batavia,  Genesee  County,  New 
York,  from  1823  to  1827. 

ADAMS,  ROBERT  H. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Mississippi,  from  February  to 
May,  in  1830,  and  died  on  the  se 
cond  day  of  July  following. 

ADAMS,  STEPHEN. 

He  was  a  native  of  Franklin 
County,  Pennsylvania,  and  had  been 
a  member  of  the  Senate  of  that 
State.  Removing  to  Mississippi, 
he  took  an  active  part  in  public 
affairs  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1845  to  1847  ; 
he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court,  and  from  1852  to  1857,  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Mis 
sissippi.  He  removed  to  Tennes 
see  with  the  intention  of  practicing 
law  at  Memphis,  where  he  died, 
May  11,  1857. 

ADDAMS,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1825 
to  1829,  and  served  on  a  Committee 
for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Institutions 
of  New  York  and  Ohio. 


20 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ADGATE,  ASA. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Legislature  of  New  York,  from  Clin 
ton  County,  from  1798  to  1799,  and 
elected  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Essex  County,  in  that  State, 
from  1815  to  1817,  and  was  again 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  in  1823. 

ADRIAN,  GARNETT  B. 

Born  in  the  City  of  New  York 
December  20th,  1816.  He  gradu 
ated  at  Rutger's  College,  New  Jer 
sey,  in  1833  ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1837;  and  is 
a  Representative  in  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  from  New  Jersey,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Engraving.  He  has  also  been 
elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress. 

AHL,  JOHN  A. 

He  was  born  in  Stansbury,  Frank 
lin  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  August, 
1815 ;  received  a  good  English  edu 
cation  ;  studied  medicine  with  his 
father,  and  graduated  at  the  "  Wash 
ington  Medical  College"  of  Balti 
more.  He  abandoned  his  profes 
sion  in  1850,  and  turned  his  attention 
to  various  kinds  of  manufactures, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Manufactures. 

AIKEN,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  in  180G  ;  graduated  at  the 
South  Carolina  College  in  1825 ; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 


lature  in  1838,  3840,  and  1842; 
was  Governor  of  South  Carolina  in 
1844 ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1857.  He  is  considered  one  of 
the  most  successful  rice  planters  in 
his  native  State. 

ALBERTSON,  NATHANIEL. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  the  First  Congres 
sional  District  of  Indiana,  from 
1849  to  1851,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Public  Lands. 

ALBRIGHT,  CHARLES  J. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  elected  from  the  State  of 
Ohio  a  Representative  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

ALEXANDER,  ADAM  R. 

He  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Madison  County, 
Tennessee,  from  1823  to  1827,  and 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Post-oflices  and  Post- 
roads. 

ALEXANDER,  EVAN. 

Born  in  North  Carolina ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  for  two 
years ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1805  to  1809. 

ALEXANDER,  HENRY  P. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Herkimer  County,  in  that  State, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


21 


from  1849  to  1851,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Expendi 
tures  in  the  State  Department 

ALEXANDER,  JAMES,  JR. 
He  was  born  in  Maryland ;  was 
a  resident  of  St.  Clairsville,  Bel- 
mont  County,  Ohio,  and  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from 
the  Eleventh  District  in  that  State, 
from  1837  to  1839,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Expenditures. 

ALEXANDER,  JOHN. 
He  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Ohio,  May  4th, 
1813,  serving  till  1817. 

ALEXANDER,  MARK. 
He  was  born  in  Mechlenburg 
County,  Virginia,  and  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  1833,  and  served 
on  the  Committees  on  Revolutionary 
Pensions,  Ways  and  Means,  and  Ex 
penditures  in  the  State  Department, 
and  the  District  of  Columbia. 

ALEXANDER,  NATHANIEL. 
Graduated  at  Princeton  College 
in  1776,  and  after  studying  medi 
cine,  entered  the   army.      At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  resided  at  the 
High  Hills  of  Santee,  pursuing  his  { 
profession,  and  afterwards  at  Meck 
lenburg.     While  he  held  a  seat  in 
Congress,  from  1803  to  1805,  the 
Legislature   elected  him  Governor  ! 
for   1806.     He  died  at  Salisbury, 
March,  8,  1808,  aged  fifty-two.    la 
all   his  public   stations  he  is   said 
to  have   discharged  his  duty  with 
ability  and  firmness. 


ALFORD,  JULIUS  C. 

He  was  born  in  Georgia,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Troup  County,  in  that 
State,  from  1839  to!842,  and  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Indian  Affairs. 

ALLEN,  CHARLES. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Worcester,  in  that  State, 
from  1849  to  1853,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia. 

ALLEN,  CHILTON. 

He  was  born  in  Albemarle  Co., 
Virginia,  April  6,  1786,  and  settled 
in  Kentucky  as  a  wheelwright.  He 
educated  himself  for  the  legal  pro 
fession  ;  from-  Clark  County  was 
elected  in  1811  to  the  Legislature 
of  Kentucky  for  several  terms,  and 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1831 
to  1837,  officiating  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  of  Territories,  and 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Foreign  Affairs.  In  1838  he  was 
President  of  the  Board  of  Internal 
Improvement,  and  in  1842  he  was 
again  returned  to  the  State  Legis- 
lature,  which  was  the  last  public 
position  he  occupied.  He  died  at 
Winchester,  September  3,  1858. 
He  was  a  man  of  ability  and  of  rare 
virtues. 

ALLEN,  ELISHA  H. 
A  native  of  Vermont,  and  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 


22 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Maine,  from  1841  to  1843,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Manufactures. 

ALLEN,   HEMAN. 

He  was  born  in  1776 ;  was  a  re 
sident,  if  not  a  native,  of  Milton, 
Vermont;  adopted  the  profession 
of  law,  in  which  he  became  dis 
tinguished  ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Vermont, 
from  1827  to  1829,  and  again  from 
1833  to  1839,  serving  as  an  active 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Claims. 
He  subsequently  settled  in  Burling 
ton,  Vermont,  where  he  died  De 
cember  11,  1844. 

ALLEN,  HEMAN. 

He  was  born  in  1779,  and  a  resi 
dent  of  Colchester,  Vermont ;  he 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1795,  and  adopted  the  profession  of 
law.  He  was  Sheriff  of  Chittenden 
County  in  1808  and  1809;  from 
1811  to  1814  he  was  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Chittenden  County  Court ; 
from  1812  to  1817  he  was  an  active 
member  of  the  State  Legislature ; 
was  appointed  quartermaster  of 
militia,  with  the  title  of  brigadier; 
and  was  a  trustee  of  the  University 
of  Vermont.  He  was  first  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Vermont,  in  1817,  but  resigned  in 
1818  to  accept  from  President 
Monroe  the  appointment  of  United 
States  Marshal  for  the  District  of 
Vermont.  In  1823  he  received 
from  the  same  President  the  ap 
pointment  of  Minister  to  Chili, 


which  he  resigned  in  1828  ;  in  1830 
he  was  appointed  President  of  the 
United  States  Branch  Bank,  at 
Burlington,  which  he  held  until  the 
expiration  of  its  charter,  after  which 
he  settled  in  the  town  of  Highgate, 
Vermont,  where  he  died  of  heart 
disease,  April  9,  1852. 

ALLEN,  JAMES  C. 

He  was  born  in  Shelby  County, 
Kentucky,  January  29,  1823 ;  re 
ceived  a  good  common  school  edu 
cation  ;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  that  State  in 
1843  ;  in  1846  was  elected,  for  two 
years,  Prosecuting  Attorney  in  the 
Seventh  Judicial  District  of  Ken 
tucky  ;  and,  having  removed  to  Illi 
nois,  was  elected  a  member,  in  1850 
and  1851,  of  the  State  Legislature, 
and  was  chosen  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Illinois,  from  1853 
to  1855,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress.  He  was 
also  chosen  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  for  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  which  position  he  con 
tinues  to  occupy. 

ALLEN,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Great  Barrington,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1763;  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  and  a  member  of  the 
State  Council  of  Connecticut  for 
several  years ;  was  a  Representa 
tive,  from  that  State,  during  the 
last  Congress  which  was  held  in 
Philadelphia,  from  1797  .to  1799. 
He  died  at  Li tch field,  Connecticut, 
July  31,  1812. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


23 


ALLEN,  JOHN  J. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  was  a 
resident  of  Harrison  County,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1833  to 
1835,  and  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  the  District  of 
Columbia.  He  is  at  the  present 
time  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Virginia. 

ALLEN,  JOHN  W. 

Born  in  Litchfiekl,  Connecticut, 
in  1802  ;  settled  in  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
in  1825,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Senate  of  that  State  from  1835  to 
1837,  also  Mayor  of  Cleveland  ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1837  to  1841,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Militia  and  Military  Affairs. 

ALLEN,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  Boston ;  was  a 
merchant  in  Leicester,  and  benefac 
tor  of  the  Academy  there  ;  twice 
Elector  for  President ;  was  a  Clerk 
of  the  County  Court  and  a  State 
Councillor;  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1811  to  1813.  He  died  at 
Worcester,  September  2,  1827,  aged 
seventy-eight  years. 

ALLEN,  JUDSON. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
removing  to  Xew  York,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1839  to  1841,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Mileage. 


ALLEN,  NATHANIEL. 

He  was  born  in  Dutchess  Coun 
ty,  New  York ;  served  in  the  As 
sembly  of  that  State  in  1812,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1819  to  1821,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Manufac 
tures. 

ALLEN,  PHILIP. 

He  was  bom  in  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  September  1,  1785; 
graduated  at  Brown  University,  in 
1803 ;  was  elected  to  the  State  Le 
gislature  in  1819,  1820,  and  1821 ; 
devoted  much  attention  to  the  busi 
ness  of  manufacturing ;  was  Gover 
nor  of  Rhode  Island  during  the 
years  1851,  1852,  and  1853;  and 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  his  native  State,  from  March 
3,  1853,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Commerce  and 
on  Naval  Affairs. 

ALLEN,  ROBERT. 
Born  in  Augusta  County,  Virgi 
nia.  He  was  a  colonel  in  the  army 
under  General  Jackson,  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennes 
see,  from  1819  to  1827,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Com 
merce,  the  Library,  and  Revolu 
tionary  Claims.  He  died  at  Car 
thage,  Tennessee,  August  19,  1844, 
aged  sixty-seven  years. 

ALLEN,  ROBERT. 
Born  in  Woodstock,  Shenandoah 
County,  Virginia,  July  30,  1794. 
He  was  educated  at  Dickinson  and 
Washington  colleges,  having  left 
the  latter  institution  on  a  furlough 


24 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


of  three  months,  for  the  purpose  of 
joining  a  volunteer  military  force  in 
1813,  but  returned  and  graduated. 
He  studied  law,  and  practiced  in 
his  native  place.  He  held  for  a  time 
the  office  of  Prosecutor  for  the  Com 
monwealth  ;  served  five  years  in  the 
Senate  of  Virginia,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1827  to  1833,  serving 
on  the  Committee  for  the  District 
of  Columbia.  Since  that  time  he 
has  devoted  himself  chiefly  to  the 
pursuits  of  agriculture. 

ALLEN,  SAMUEL  C. 

Born  in  Franklin  County,  Massa 
chusetts;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1794;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1817  to  1829,  officiating  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Accounts.  He  died  at  ISTorthfield, 
February  8,  1842,  aged  seventy 
years. 

ALLEN,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  adopted 
the  profession  of  law,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ross  County,  Ohio,  from  1833  to 
1835,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs ;  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1837  to  1849,  serving  as  a  member 
of  several  important  committees  in 
the  Senate,  during  his  first  term. 

ALLEN,  WILLIS. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Illinois,  from  1851  to  1855. 


ALLISON,  JAMES. 
He  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Beaver  County, 
Pennsylvania,  from  1823  to  1825. 

ALLISON,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

ALLISON,  ROBERT. 
He  was   born   in   Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1831 
to  1833. 

ALSTON,  LEMUEL,  JR. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from    South   Carolina,  from 
1807  to  1811. 

ALSTON,  WILLIAM  J. 
He  was  born  in  Georgia,  and  re 
moving  to  Alabama,  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1849  to  1851,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Post- 
offices  and  Post-roads. 

ALSTON,  WILLIS. 

Born  in  Halifax  County,  North 
Carolina.  He  appeared  in  public 
life  as  early  as  1794,  serving  in  the 
State  Legislature  for  several  years, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1799  to  1815,  and  from 
1825  to  1831.  During  the  war  of 
1812,  he  was  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  of  Ways  and  Means,  in  the 
House  of  Representatives.  Died 
April  10,  1837. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


25 


AMES,  FISHER. 

He  was  born  in  Pedham,  Massa 
chusetts,  April  9,  1756,  and  died 
July  4, 1808.  He  entered  Harvard 
University  at  the  age  of  twelve 
years,  and  graduated  with  honor; 
and  having  studied  law,  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  in  his 
native  town,  in  1781.  He  was  ac 
knowledged  to  be  the  most  eloquent 
debater  in  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives,  and  was  the  author  of  the 
"Address"  of  that  body,  to  Wash 
ington,  on  his  retirement  from  the 
Presidency,  lie  was  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Con 
vention  for  ratifying  the  Constitu 
tion,  in  1788,  and  after  retiring  from 
political  life,  having  served  in  Con 
gress  for  eight  years,  he  was  elected 
President  of  Harvard  University, 
but  declined  the  honor.  He  was  an 
industrious  writer  as  well  as  a  great 
orator ;  and  his  collected  writings, 
with  a  memoir,  were  published  in 
1809. 

ANDERSON,  ALEXANDER. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  the  Knoxville  District,  Ten 
nessee,  during  the  years  1840  and 
1841,  a  part  of  a  term,  and  served 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Militia. 

ANDERSON,  HUGH  J. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Maine,  from  1837  to  1841, 
and  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Affairs.  He  was  a  native  of 
Maine,  and  a  lawyer  by  profession. 


ANDERSON,  ISAAC. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1803 
to  1807. 

ANDERSON,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin 
College  in  1813,  and  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Cum 
berland  County,  Maine,  from  1825 
to  1833,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Elections  and  Naval 
Affairs.  He  died  in  1853,  aged 
sixty-one  years. 

ANDERSON,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  near  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  November  5,  1757  ; 
enjoyed  what  was  called  at  the  time 
a  good  education ;  studied  law ;  was 
appointed  an  ensign  in  the  New 
Jersey  line  in  1775  ;  was  promoted 
to  an  adjutancy;  as  a  captain,  fought 
at  the  battle  of  Monmouth ;  he  also 
went,  in  1779,  with  Sullivan  against 
the  Six  Nations  ;  in  1780  he  was  at 
Valley  Forge;  in  1781  at  the  siege 
of  York  ;  and  after  the  war  he  re 
tired  with  the  rank  of  brevet-major. 
He  practiced  law  in  Delaware  for 
seven  years.  In  1791  was  appoint 
ed  by  Washington  judge  of  the 
territory  south  of  the  Ohio  river ; 
remained  in  that  position  until  the 
first  Constitution  of  Tennessee  was 
formed,  which  he  aided  in  forming 
in  covention  ;  and  he  was  an  influ 
ential  member  of  the  United  States 
Senate,  from  Tennessee,  from  1797 
to  1815,  serving  at  all  times  upon 
important  committees,  and  acting 
on  two  occasions  as  President  pro 


26 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


tempore  of  the  Senate.  He  was 
appointed  in  1815  First  Comptrol 
ler  of  the  Treasury,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1836.  He  died  in 
Washington,  April  17,  1837. 

ANDERSON,  JOSEPH  H. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  that  State  from  1843 
to  1847,  and  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Agriculture,  and  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Treasury  Depart 
ment. 

ANDERSON,  JOSIAH  M. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  the  Third  District  in 
that  State,  from  1849  to  1852,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Private  Land  Claims. 

ANDERSON,  J.  P. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress  from  the  Territory 
of  Washington. 

ANDERSON,  RICHARD  C.,  JR. 

Born  in  Jefferson  County,  Ken 
tucky  ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Kentucky,  from 
1817  to  1821,  and  was  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Public  Lands  dur 
ing  the  Sixteenth  Congress.  In 
1823  he  was  appointed  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  to  Colombia,  and  in 
1826  Envoy  Extraordinary  to  Pana 
ma;  but  died  November  6,  1826. 


ANDERSON,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  1774,  in  Pennsylvania. 
He  served  repeatedly  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  that  State ;  was  Speaker 
of  its  House  in  1848  and  1849  ;  and 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1827  to  1829,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Boundary-Line  of  Missouri.  He 
died  in  Chester,  Pennsylvnia,  Janu 
ary  17,  1850. 

ANDERSON,  SIMEON  H. 

He  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  the  Fifth  Con 
gressional  District  of  Kentucky, 
from  1839  to  1841,  and  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Post- 
offices  and  Post-roads.  He  died  at 
his  residence  near  Lancaster,  Ken 
tucky,  August  11,  1840,  before  the 
expiration  of  his  term  of  service. 

ANDERSON,  THOMAS  L. 

Born  in  Green  County,  Kentucky, 
December  8,  1808.  He  was  self- 
educated,  and  removed  to  Missouri 
in  1830,  where  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  at  twenty-one  years 
of  age.  He  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  of  that  State  in  1840  ;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1844,  1848, 
1852,  and  1856  ;  and  a  member  of 
the  Convention  for  remodeling  the 
State  Constitution  in  1845,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  In 
valid  Pensions.  He  has  also  been 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


27 


ANDERSON,  WILLIAM. 
He  was  born  in  Chester  County, 
New  Jersey,  in  1703  or  '64,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1809  to  1815, 
and  from  1817  to  1819. 

ANDREWS,  CHARLES. 

Born  in  Paris,  Maine,  in  1814; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1837  ;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  from  1839 
to  1843,  a  portion  of  the  time 
Speaker  of  the  House ;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Maine,  from  1851  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  Paris, 
April  30,  1852. 

ANDREWS,  GEORGE  R. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  the  Fourteenth  Congressional 
District  in  that  State,  from  1849  to 
1851,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Elections. 

ANDREWS,  JOHN  T. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837  to 
1839,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the 
State  Department. 

ANDREWS,  LANDAFF  W. 

Born  in  Fleming  County,  Ken 
tucky,  February  12,  1803;  gradu 
ated  at  Transylvania  University  in 
1824;  and  commenced  the  practice 
of  law  in  1826,  in  which  profession 
he  has  since  been  actively  engaged. 


He  was  a  member  of  the  Kentucky 
Legislature  in  1834,  and  in  1838 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  serving  from  1839  to 
1843,  and  acted  on  the  Committees 
on  Revolutionary  Pensions  and  Ac 
counts.  He  is  now  a  member  of 
the  Kentucky  Senate. 

ANDREWS,  SAMUEL  G. 

He  was  born  in  Derby,  New  Ha 
ven  County,  Connecticut,  October 
16,  1799;  received  an  academical 
education ;  and  removed  with  his 
father  to  Rochester,  New  York,  in 
1816.  He  has  been  occupied  chiefly 
in  mercantile  and  manufacturing 
pursuits ;  was  for  several  years 
Mayor  of  Rochester ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Legislature 
in  1831  and  1832,  from  Monroe 
County,  New  York  ;  Clerk  of  the 
Monroe  County  Court;  Secretary 
of  the  State  Senate  of  New  York 
for  four  years  ;  Clerk  of  the  Court 
of  Dernier  Resort  for  four  years; 
and  was  Postmaster  of  Rochester. 
He  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  New  York  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals. 

ANDREWS,  SHERLOCK  J. 

Born  in  Wallingford,  Connecti 
cut,  in  1801 ;  graduated  at  Union 
College ;  settled  in  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
in  1825,  and  practiced  law;  was 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  that 
State,  and  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1841  to  1843, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Commerce. 


28 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ANGEL,  WILLIAM  G. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
and  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Burlington,  Otsego 
County,  in  that  State,  from  1825  to 
1827,  and  again  from  1829  to  1833, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tees  on  Indian  Affairs  and  on  Ter 
ritories. 

ANTHONY,  JOSEPH  B. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania  ;  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1837, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Territories  and  Military 
Affairs.  He  died  at  "William sport, 
Pennsylvania,  January  17,  1851. 

APPLETON,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Beverly,  Massachusetts, 
February  11,  1815 ;  graduated  at 
Bowdoin  College,  Maine,  in  1834  ; 
was  admitted  to  practice  law  at 
Portland,  Maine,  in  1837.  In  the 
winter  of  1838-39  he  became  editor 
of  a  Democratic  newspaper  in  that 
city,  (The  Eastern  Argus,)  and 
continued  to  be  its  editor  for  the 
next  four  or  five  years,  during  a 
part  of  which  time  he  was  also  Re 
gister  of  Probate  for  the  County  of 
Cumberland.  In  1845  he  accepted 
an  invitation  from  Mr.  Bancroft, 
the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  to  be 
come  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Navy  De 
partment  ;  subsequently  he  succeed 
ed  Mr.  Trist  as  Chief  Clerk  of  the 
State  Department,  which  was  then 
presided  over  by  Mr.  Buchanan.  In 
1848he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Polk,  Charge  d'Affaires  of  the  Uni 


ted  States  to  Bolivia.  On  his  re 
turn  from  that  mission,  which  he  re 
signed  after  the  election  of  General 
Taylor,  he  resumed  the  practice  of 
law  at  Portland,  in  partnership 
with  Nathan  Clifford,  now  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States ;  but  soon  afterwards, 
in  September,  1850,  he  was  elected 
from  the  Portland  District,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Thirty-second  Congress 
In  1855  he  joined  Mr.  Buchanan  at 
London,  as  Secretary  of  Legation, 
but  returned  home  in  time  for  the 
presidential  canvass  of  1856.  In 
1857,  having  been  obliged  from  ill 
health  to  decline  the  position  to 
which  he  had  been  invited,  of  editor 
of  the  Washington  Union,  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Buchanan, 
Assistant  Secretary  of  State. 

APPLETON,  NATHAN. 

Born  at  New  Ipswich,  New  Hamp 
shire,  October  6, 1779.  He  entered 
Dartmouth  College  in  1794,  but  left 
his  studies  there,  after  being  invited 
by  his  brother  to  join  him  in  the 
mercantile  business  in  Boston.  He 
became  interested  in  the  cotton  ma 
nufacture,  and  in  1821  was  one  of  the 

i  three  original  founders  of  Lowell. 

I  He  was  at  different  periods  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts, 
and  from  1831  to  1833,  and  again 
in  1842,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  of  that  State  in  Congress ;  but 
soon  resigned  his  seat,  and  has  since 
taken  no  part  in  public  affairs.  He 
has  published  pamphlets  and  essays 
on  Currency,  Banking,  and  the 
Tariff. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


29 


APPLETON,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Brookfield,  Massachu 
setts,  November,  1786,  and  was 
educated  for  mercantile  pursuits,  in 
which  he  has  been  engaged  exten 
sively  and  successfully  for  more  than 
fifty  years.  He  has  taken  a  pro 
minent  part  in  various  public  enter 
prises  and  benevolent  objects ;  given 
much  attention  tobanking  and  finan 
cial  operations,  and  was  for  some 
years,  and  until  the  close  of  the  in 
stitution,  President  of  the  Branch 
Bank  of  the  United  States  in  Bos 
ton.  In  1H50,  he  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from 
Massachusetts,  and  re-elected  in 
1852. 

ARCHER,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Harford  County, 
Maryland,  in  1741,  and  graduated 
at  Nassau  Hall  in  1760.  He  stu 
died  divinity,  but  on  account  of  a 
throat  affection,  turned  his  atten 
tion  to  medicine,  and  went  through 
a  course  of  study  at  the  Philadel 
phia  Medical  College,  having  re 
ceived  the  first  medical  diploma 
ever  issued  in  the  New  World.  At 
the  commencement  of  the  Revolu 
tion,  he  had  command  of  a  military 
company;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature ;  and  after  the 
war  he  practiced  his  profession ;  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  from  1801  to  1807  ; 
and  died  in  1810.  As  a  medical 
man  he  commanded  great  influence, 
and  several  discoveries  were  made 
by  him,  which  have  been  adopted 
by  the  profession. 


ARCHER,  STEPIIENSON. 

He  was  born  in  Harford  County, 
Maryland,  and  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1811  to  1817,  when  he  was 
appointed  Judge  of  Mississippi  Ter 
ritory.  He  was  chosen  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  again,  from 

1819  to  1821,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 

ARCHER,  WILLIAM  S. 

Born  in  Amelia  County,  Virgi 
nia,  March  5,  1789.  He  came  of 
a  Welsh  family,  a  number  of  whom 
acquitted  themselves  with  honor  in 
the  revolutionary  war.  He  ob 
tained  the  rudiments  of  his  educa 
tion  at  the  best  grammar  schools  of 
the  day ;  graduated  at  the  College 
of  William  and  Mary  ;  and  studied 
law.  In  1812  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature,  where  he  served, 
excepting  one  year,  until  1819.  In 

1820  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive   in    Congress    from   Virginia, 
where  he  remained  until  1835,  tak 
ing  an  active  part  in  all  matters  of 
national  importance,  and  exerting 
a  paramount  influence,  especially  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Fo 
reign  Relations  and  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Missouri  Com 
promise.     In  1841  he  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  Senate,  where 
he  remained  until  1847,  having,  from 
the  start,  been  placed  at  the  head 
of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Re 
lations  in  that  body.     By  his  pub 
lic  acts,  he  commanded  the  respect 
of  the  country ;  and  by  the  charms 
of  his  private  character,  won  the 


30 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


friendship  of  many  of  the  leading 
men  of  his  day.  On  his  retirement 
from  public  life,  he  devoted  himself 
to  the  improvement  of  his  paternal 
estate;  and  died  March  28,  1855, 
of  neuralgia,  with  which  he  had 
been  afflicted  for  twenty  years. 

ARMSTRONG,  JAMES. 

A  native  of  Pennsylvania ;  dis 
tinguished  himself  in  the  Indian 
wars,  and  was  consulted  by  the  pro 
prietors  of  Pennsylvania  on  all  mat 
ters  connected  with  Indian  affairs. 
In  1776,  Congress  promoted  him 
from  the  rank  of  colonel  to  that  of 
brigadier-general,  and  he  assisted 
in  the  defence  of  Fort  Moultrie, 
and  in  the  battle  of  Germantown; 
in  1777  he  resigned  his  commission 
in  consequence  of  dissatisfaction  as 
to  rank.  He  was  subsequently  elect 
ed  a  Representative  to  Congress 
from  Pennsylvania,  serving  from 
1793  to  1795,  and  sustained  a  num 
ber  of  other  honorable  offices.  He 
died  at  Carlisle,  Penna.,  March  9, 
1795,  a  few  days  after  the  expira 
tion  of  his  term  in  Congress. 

ARMSTRONG,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  native  of  Pennsylva 
nia,  and  served  as  an  officer  during 
the  revolutionary  war.  At  the  close 
of  the  war,  in  order  to  obtain  re 
dress  for  the  grievances  sustained 
by  the  officers  of  the  army,  he  pre 
pared  the  celebrated  "  Newburgh 
Letters,"  and  they  produced  a  deep 
sensation.  After  the  war  he  re 
turned  to  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
was  made  adjutant-general  of  the 


State ;  and  to  him  was  intrusted 
the  direction  of  the  last.  Pennsyl 
vania  war  against  the  Connecticut 
settlers  of  Wyoming.  Returning 
to  New  York,  he  was  sent  to  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States,  serv 
ing  from  1800  to  1802.  On  the  re 
turn  of  Chancellor  Livingston  from 
the  French  embassy,  he  was  com 
missioned  Minister  in  his  place  in 
1804.  Returning  to  his  own  coun 
try,  he  was  called  to  the  War  De 
partment  by  President  Madison. 
During  the  campaign  of  1813,  he 
visited  the  northern  frontier.  His 
flight  from  Washington,  with  Mr. 
Madison  and  his  cabinet,  at  the 
sacking  of  1814.  gave  the  coup  de 
grace  to  his  official  career  as  Secre 
tary  of  War.  It  was  charged,  that 
the  capital  was  lost  by  reason  of  his 
neglect  to  provide  the  means  of 
defence.  He  was  dismissed  from 
office,  and  the  duties  of  the  War 
Department  devolved  upon  Mr. 
Monroe,  then  Secretary  of  State. 
From  that  time  he  lived  in  retire 
ment  upon  his  estate  at  Red  Hook, 
but  passed  a  few  years  in  Mary 
land.  He  published  a  brief  history 
of  the  last  war  with  England.  He 
died  at  Red  Hook,  New  York,  April 
1,  1843,  aged  eighty-four  years. 

ARMSTRONG,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Lisburn,  Antrim 
County,  Ireland,  December  23, 1782. 
He  came  to  this  country  in  1792  ; 
had  a  limited  education;  studied 
law  in  Winchester,  Virginia;  de 
voted  himself  to  mercantile  pursuits. 
In  1813  he  was  appointed  by  Pre- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


31 


sident  Madison  collector  for  the 
Sixth  District  of  Virginia;  in  1818 
and  1819  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  House  of  Delegates;  in 
1822  and  1823,  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Works  ;  and  in 
1820  and  1824  he  was  a  Presidential 
elector ;  for  many  years  a  justice  of 
the  peace  ;  one  year  high  sheriff  of 
Hampshire  County;  and  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from 
1825  to  1833.  Since  that  time,  he 
has  lived  in  retirement  in  the  plea 
sant  valley  of  the  South  Branch 
of  the  Potomac. 

ARNOLD,  BENEDICT. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Assem 
bly  of  New  York,  from  Amsterdam, 
Montgomery  County,  in  1816  and 
1817,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1829  to  1831. 

ARNOLD,  LEMUEL  H. 
Born  in  St.  Johnsbury,  Vermont, 
January  29,  1792,  and  removed  to 
Rhode  Island  at  an  early  age.  He 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College,  in 
1811 ;  was  educated  for  the  bar,  but 
turned  his  attention  to  mercantile 
pursuits.  In  1831,  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  Rhode  Island,  and  re- 
elected  in  1832;  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Governor's  Council  during 
the  Dorr  rebellion  in  1842;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1845  to  1847;  and  died  in  Kings 
ton,  Rhode  Island,  June  27,  1852. 

ARNOLD,    SAMUEL. 
He  was  born  in  Haddam,  Mid 
dlesex  County,  Connecticut,  June 


1,  1806;  received  his  education  at 
Plainfield  Academy,  in  Connecti 
cut,  and  Westlield  Academy,  in 
Massachusetts ;  has  devoted  the 
most  of  his  life  to  agricultural  pur 
suits,  and  to  various  interests  of 
commerce,  having  also  for  many 
years  carried  on  one  of  the  most  ex 
tensive  stone  quarries  in  the  Union. 
He  was,  also,  for  a  number  of  years, 
President  of  the  Bank  of  East  Ilad- 
dam.  He  served  his  native  county, 
in  the  Legislature,  during  the  years 
1839,  1842,  1844,  and  1851,  and 
was  elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  as  a  Representative  from  Con 
necticut,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Claims. 

ARNOLD,  THOMAS  D. 
He  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Knox  County, 
Tennessee,  from  1831  to  1833,  and 
for  a  second  term,  from  1841  to  1843, 
representing  Greenville  County;  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Elections  and  Claims. 

ARRINGTON,  ARCHIBALD. 
He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  represented  that  State  in  Con 
gress,   from    1841   to    1845,   after 
which  he  retired  to  private  life.   He 
;   was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
1   Expenditures  in  the  War  Depart 
ment. 

ASH.  MICHAEL  W. 
He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1835 
to  1837,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Naval  Affairs. 


32 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ASHE,  JOHN  B. 

He  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Brownsville 
County,  Tennessee,  from  1843  to 

1845,  representing  the  Tenth  Dis 
trict,  and  serving  as  a  member  of 
the   Committees   on   Invalid   Pen 
sions,  and  Expenditures  in  the  State 
and  Treasury  Departments. 

ASHE,  JOHN  BAPTISTE. 

He  was  a  Bepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1790  to  1193;  was 
elected  Governor  of  the  State  of 
North  Carolina,  in  1801 ;  and  died 
November,  27,  1802.  He  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress  in  1787  and  1788. 

ASHE,  WILLIAM  S. 

Born  in  Wilmington,  North  Ca 
rolina  ;  a  lawyer  by  profession ; 
served  in  the  State  Legislature  in 

1846,  and  was  re-elected  in  1848; 
he  was  a  Bepresentative  in   Con 
gress,  from  1849  to  1853,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Expenditures 
in  the  State  Department. 

ASHLEY,   CHESTER. 

Born  at  Westfield,  Massachusetts, 
June  1,  1790,  but  was  removed  in 
infancy  to  Hudson,  New  York, 
where  he  resided  until  he  reached 
the  age  of  twenty-seven.  He  then 
went  to  Illinois,  and  after  practicing 
law  in  that  State  for  two  years,  re 
moved  to  the  Territory  of  Arkansas 
and  established  himself  in  Little 
Bock,  then  a  mere  landing.  He 
was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress,  in 
1844,  and  was  Chairman  of  the  Ju 


diciary  Committee  in  that  body.  He 
served  until  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  in  Washington  City,  April 
29,  1848. 

ASHLEY,  HENRY. 

He  was  elected  a  Bepresentative 
in  Congress,  from  Delaware  and 
Green  counties,  New  York,  from 
1825  to  1827. 

ASHLEY,  WILLIAM  H. 

Bora  in  Powhatan  County,  Va., 
and  emigrated  to  Missouri,  then 
Upper  Louisiana,  in  1808,  and  set 
tled  near  the  Lead  Mines.  In  1822, 
he  projected  the  scheme  of  the 
"  Mountain  Expedition,"  by  uniting 
the  Indian  trade  in  the  Bocky 
Mountains  with  the  hunting  and 
trapping  business.  He  enlisted  about 
300  hardy  men  in  the  business,  and, 
after  various  successes  and  reverses, 
having  sustained  numerous  losses 
by  Indian  robbery  and  river  disas 
ters,  he  and  his  associates  realized 
a  handsome  fortune.  He  was  the 
first  Lieut-Governor  of  Missouri, 
after  it  became  a  State,  and  a  Be 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1831 
to  1837.  He  died  near  Boonville, 
Missouri,  March  26,  1838. 

ASIIMUN,  ELI  PEASE. 

He  was  a  distinguished  lawyer, 
and  for  several  years  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Bepresentatives  and 
Senate  of  Massachusetts ;  and  was 
elected,  in  1816,  to  succeed  Gene 
ral  Yarnum  as  Senator  from  that 
State,  in  Congress;  this  office  he 
resigned  in  May,  1818.  He  died 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


at  Northampton,    May    10,    1810, 
aged  forty-eight. 

ASIIMUN,  GEORGE. 

Born  in  Brandford,  Massachu 
setts,  December  25,  1804;  gradua 
ted  at  Yale  College  in  1823;  stu 
died  law  and  settled  in  Springfield 
in  1828.  He  served  in  the  State 
Legislature  during  the  years  1833, 
1835,  1836,  1838,  and  1841,  offici 
ating  as  Speaker  of  the  House  in 
the  latter  year.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1845  to 
1851,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  the  Judiciary,  In 
dian  Affairs,  and  on  Rules.  Since 
that  time  he  has  been  devoted  to 
the  practice  of  his  profession. 

ATCHISON,  DAVID  R. 

He  was  born  in  Frogtown,  Fay- 
ette  County,  Kentucky,  August  11, 
1807;  was  educated  for  the  bar; 
and  removed  to  Missouri  in  1830. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  that  State  in  1834  and  1838.  In 
1841,  he  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Platte  County  Circuit  Court; 
and  during  the  year  1845,  was  ap 
pointed  a  Senator  in  Congress,  to 
which  position  he  was  twice  elected, 
serving  until  1855,  frequently  at  the 
head  of  important  committees,  and 
for  several  sessions  as  President  pro 
tempore  of  the  Senate.  He  has 
since  been  devoted  to  agricultural 
pursuits. 

ATHERTON,  CHARLES  G. 

He   was   born    in    Hillsborough 
County,  New  Hampshire,  July  4, 
3 


1804;  graduated  at  Cambridge  in 
1822;  studied  law,  but  engaged  in 
politics  when  quite  young;  he  was 
for  many  years  in  the  Legislature 
of  New  Hampshire,  and  for  three 
years  Speaker  of  the  House ;  he  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1837  to  1843 ;  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1843  to  1849;  and,  in 
November,  1852,  he  was  re-elected 
a  Senator  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  died 
of  apoplexy  in  Manchester,  New 
Hampshire,  November  15,  1853. 
He  was  Chairman,  in  the  Senate, 
of  the  Committee  on  Finance. 

ATHERTON,  CHARLES  H. 

He  was  born  in  Amherst,  New 
Hampshire,  August  14,  1773,  and 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1794.  He  held  the  office  of  Regis 
ter  of  Probate,  from  1798  to  1807  ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1815  to  1817,  and  stood  at 
the  head  of  the  bar  in  llillsborough 
County  for  many  years.  He  died 
in  Amherst,  January  8,  1853. 

ATKINS,  JOHN  D.  C. 

He  was  born  in  Henry  County, 
Tennessee,  on  the  4th  of  June,  1 825 ; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  East 
Tennessee  in  1846;  was  elected  to 
the  lower  branch  of  the  Legisla 
ture  in  1849  and  1851 ;  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate  in  1855 ;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1856 ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Tennessee,  in  1857, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Post-offices  and  Post-roads. 


34 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ATKINSON,  ARCHIBALD. 

Born  in  Isle  of  Wight  County, 
Virginia,  September  13,  1792.  He 
left  school  at  the  age  of  eighteen, 
and  entered  the  office  of  the  Clerk 
of  the  County  Court,  and  performed 
the  duties  of  copyist,  devoting  his 
leisure  time  to  the  study  of  law, 
which  he  completed  at  the  Law 
School  of  William  and  Mary  Col 
lege.  In  1813  he  joined  the  troops  I 
at  Norfolk,  as  ensign  of  a  volunteer 
company,  which  was  attached  to 
the  29th  Regiment,  and  was  at 
the  battle  of  Craney  Island.  Upon 
leaving  the  army  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  in  Smithfield,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  General  As 
sembly  from  1815  to  1817,  and, 
also,  of  the  House  of  Delegates  and 
State  Senate  for  several  years.  In 
1843  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  and  served  until 
1848,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Naval  Affairs  and 
Commerce.  He  was  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  his  county  twenty 
years;  Mayor  of  Smith  Reid,  and  a 
magistrate.  Of  late  years  he  has 
devoted  his  attention  to  agriculture. 

AUSTIN,  ARCHIBALD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1817  to 
1819. 

AVERETT,  THOMAS  H. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia ;  was  a 
resident  of  Halifax  County,  and 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  the  Third  District  in 
that  State,  from  1849  to  1853,  and 


was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Invalid  Pensions,  and  on  Revisal 
and  Unfinished  Business. 

AVERT,  DANIEL. 

He  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Hamilton  County, 
New  York,  from  1811  to  1815,  and 
from  Cayuga  County,  from  1816  to 
1817. 

AVERY,  WILLIAM  T. 

Born  in  Maury  County,  Ten 
nessee,  November  11,  1819,  and  was 
very  early  in  life  thrown  upon  his 
own  resources  for  education  and  sup 
port  ;  he  is  a  lawyer  by  profession ; 
and  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  Tennessee  in  1843.  He  held 
several  creditable  positions  in  his 
native  State,  and  was  chosen  a  Re 
presentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Expenditures  in  the 
State  Department,  and  on  Private 
Land  Claims. 

AYCRIGG,  JOHN  B. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  Jersey,  from 
1837  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841 
to  1843,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the 
Treasury  Department,  and  the  Joint 
Committee  on  the  Library,  and  on 
Invalid  Pensions. 

BABCOCK,  ALFRED. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1841 
to  1843. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


35 


BABCOCK,  LEANDER. 
He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

BAI5COCK,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1831 
to  1833. 

BACON,  EZEKIEL. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts  ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1794  ; 
the  son  of  John  Bacon  ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Mas 
sachusetts,  from  1807  to  1813. 

BACON,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Canterbury,  Con 
necticut  ;  graduated  at  the  College 
of  New  Jersey  in  1765 ;  studied 
theology,  and,  after  preaching  for  a 
time  in  Maryland,  removed  to  Mas 
sachusetts,  and  settled  in  Boston. 
Owing  to  some  difficulties  with  his 
congregation  he  relinquished  the 
ministry,  and  subsequently  held  the 
positions  of  magistrate,  represen 
tative  in  the  State  Legislature,  Pre 
siding  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas,  a  member  and  President 
of  the  State  Senate,  and  that  of 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1801  to  1803. 
He  died  in  Berkshire  County,  Octo 
ber  25,  1820. 

BADGER,  GEORGE  E. 

Born  in  the  town  of  Newbern,  N. 
Carolina,  in  1795.  He  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1813;  studied 
and  practiced  law ;  and  was  elected 


to  the  Legislature  in  181G.  In 
1820  he  was  elected  a  judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  which  he  resigned 
in  1825;  he  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  the  N  avy  by  President  Har 
rison  in  1841;  and  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress  in  184(5,  and 
re-elected  in  1848  for  a  term  of  six 
years,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Military  and  Naval  Affairs.  Of 
late  years  he  has  been  wholly  de 
voted  to  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion,  visiting  Washington  occa 
sionally  to  argue  cases  in  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

BADGER,  LUTHER. 

Born  in  Partridgefield,  Berkshire 
County,  Massachusetts,    April   10, 

1785,  but   his   father  removed  to 
Broome    County,    New    York,    in 

1786.  Having  made  sufficient  ac 
quaintance  in  the  common  branches 
of  an  English  education,  he  entered 
Hamilton    College   at   the   age  of 
nineteen,  and  spent  two  years  there. 
In  1807  he  commenced  the  study  of 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1812,  and  continued  to  practice  his 
profession  until  1824,  when  he  was 
elected   a    Representative    to    the 
Nineteenth  Congress.  He  had  been 
engaged  in  military  services  in  his 
State,  and  in  1819  was  appointed, 
by  Governor  Clinton,  Judge-Advo 
cate  for  the  27th  Brigade  of  In 
fantry  of  New  York  State,  which 
office  he  held  for  eight  years.     In 
1832   he  resumed  the  practice  of 
law,  and  in    1840   was   appointed 
Examiner  in  Chancery  and  Com 
missioner  of  United  States  Loans, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


which  office  he  held  for  three  years. 
From  1846  to  1849  he  was  United 
States  District  Attorney  for  New 
York. 

BAER,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  IT 91  to 
1801,  and  again  from  1815  to  1817. 

BAGBY,  ARTHUR  P. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1794  ; 
was  liberally  educated  ;  adopted  the 
profession  of  law,  and  settled  in 
Alabama  in  1818;  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  in  1820 
and  1822,  and  was  Speaker  of  the 
House ;  was  Governor  of  Alabama 
from  1837  to  1843;  and  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1842  to  1849.  His  last  public  po 
sition  was  that  of  Minister  to  Rus 
sia,  to  which  he  was  appointed  in 
1848.  He  died  of  yellow  fever  at 
Mobile,  September  21,  1858. 

BAILEY,  DAVID  .1. 

He  was  born  in  Georgia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1851  to  1855. 

BAILEY,  JEREMIAH. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Lincoln  County,  Maine,  from 
1835  to  1837,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Agriculture  and 
Expenditures  in  the  Post-office  De 
partment. 

BAILEY,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  for  Massachusetts,  from  1823 
to  1831,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Public  Expenditures  and  Expen 


ditures  in  the  State  Department ; 
and  died  at  Dorchester,  Massachu 
setts,  June  26,  1835. 

BAILEY,  THEODORUS. 

He  was  born  in  1752  ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1793  to  1797,  and  again 
from  1799  to  1803  ;  and  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  1803  to  1804, 
when  he  was  appointed  Postmaster 
of  New  York  City.  He  died  Sep 
tember  6,  1828. 

BAKER,  CALEB. 

He  was  born  in  Providence, 
Rhode  Island ;  served  four  years 
in  the  New  York  Assembly ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1819  to  1821. 

BAKER,  DAVID  J. 
He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Illinois,  from  1830  to  1831. 

BAKER,  EDWARD  D. 
He  was  born  in  England,  but 
having  emigrated  to  Illinois,  and 
been  naturalized,  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1849  to  1851,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Lands. 

BAKER,  EZRA. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1815 
to  1817. 

BAKER,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Yirginia,  from  1811  to 
1813. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


37 


BAKER,   OSMYN. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1822  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  his  native  State,  from 
1841  to  1845. 

BALDWIN,  ABRAHAM. 

AVas  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and 
a  graduate  of  Yale  College  in  1772, 
and  from  1775  to  1779  he  was  a 
tutor  in  that  institution.  Having 
studied  law,  he  settled  in  Savannah, 
Georgia,  and  soon  after  his  arrival 
there  he  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  Legislature.  He  originated  the 
plan  of  the  University  of  Georgia, 
drew  up  the  charter,  and  persuaded 
the  Assembly  to  adopt  it,  and  was 
for  some  time  its  president.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Continental 
Congress  from  1785  to  1788,  and  a 
member  of  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States.  From  1789  to  1799 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  and  from  1799  to  1807  he 
was  a  member  of  the  United  States 
Senate.  He  died  March  4,  1807, 
aged  fifty-three  years. 

BALDWIN,  HENRY. 

He  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Con 
necticut,  in  1779;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1797;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1817  to  1822. 
He  was  a  distinguished  lawyer,  and 
was  for  many  years  Associate  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States.  He  died  in  Philadelphia, 
April  21,  1844. 


BALDWIN,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1825  to  1829, 
serving  on  one  standing,  and  one 
select  committee. 

BALDWIN,  ROGER  SHERMAN. 

Born  at  New  Haven,  Connecti 
cut,  January  4,  1793  ;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1811 ;  studied  law 
at  Litchfield  Law  School;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1814;  and 
established  himself  in  practice  at 
New  Haven,  where  he  has  since 
continued  to  reside.  In  1837  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate, 
re-elected  in  1838,  and  chosen  Pre 
sident  pro  tern,  of  that  body.  In 
1840  and  1841  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  General  Assembly,  and 
in  the  latter  year  was  associated 
with  J.  Q.  Adams  in  the  argument 
before  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  in  the  case  of  the 
Africans  of  the  Arnistad.  In  1844 
and  1845  he  was  Governor  of  the 
State,  and  in  1847  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  Senate  by  the 
Legislature  of  Connecticut,  serving 
until  1851.  Since  that  time  he  has 
been  engaged  in  his  professional 
duties. 

BALDWIN,  SIMEON. 

Born  at  Norwich,  Connecticut, 
December  14,  1761 ;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1781.  In  1783  he 
was  appointed  tutor  at  the  college, 
and  continued  in  that  station  until 
1786,  when  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  New  Haven,  and  commenced 


38 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  practice  of  law.  From  1790  to 
1803  he  was  Clerk  of  the  District 
and  Circuit  Courts  of  the  United 
States ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1803  to  1805,  and 
declined  a  re-election.  In  1806  he 
was  appointed,  by  the  Legislature, 
Associate  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  and  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Errors,  and  held  the  office  until 
1817.  In  1822  was  chosen  by  the 
General  Assembly  one  of  the  Com 
missioners  to  locate  the  Farmington 
Canal,  and  was  made  President  of 
that  Board.  In  1826  was  elected 
Mayor  of  New  Haven.  In  1830  he 
resigned  his  office  as  Commissioner. 
He  died  in  New  Haven,  May  26, 
1851. 

BALL,  EDWARD. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1853  to  1855,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

BALL,  WILLIAM  LEE. 
Born  in  Lancaster  County,  Vir 
ginia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,    from   that    State,   from 
1817  to  1824. 

BANKS,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Crawford  County,  in 
that  State,  from  1831  to  1836,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committees 
on  Elections,  Patents,  and  Claims. 

BANKS,  LINN. 

Born  in  Virginia,  and  was  for 
twenty  successive  years  Speaker  of 


the  House  of  Delegates  of  that 
State,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1838  to  1842,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Claims.  He  was  found  drowned  in 
a  stream  in  Madison  County,  Vir 
ginia,  February  24,  1842. 


BANKS,  NATHANIEL  P. 

Born  in  Waltham,  Massachusetts, 
January  30,  1816,  of  poor  but  re 
spectable  parents — operatives  in  a 
factory.  He  had  no  advantages 
but  those  afforded  by  the  common 
school,  but  he  became  a  lover  of 
books  at  an  early  day,  and  that  love 
has  been  a  source  of  gratification  to 
him  all  his  life.  His  first  venture 
before  the  public  was  in  the  capa 
city  of  newspaper  editor  in  his  na 
tive  town,  and  he  followed  the  same 
pursuit  at  Lowell.  He  studied  law, 
but  did  not  practice  to  any  great 
extent,  and  in  1848  he  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature  of  Massachu 
setts,  serving  in  both  houses,  and 
officiating  for  a  time  as  Speaker. 
He  was  chosen  President  of  the 
Convention  held  in  1853,  for  revis 
ing  the  Constitution  of  Massachu 
setts,  and  was  soon  afterwards  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
serving  from  1853  to  1857,  when 
he  was  elected  Governor  of  Massa 
chusetts,  by  a  majority  of  24,000. 
During  his  second  term  in  Congress, 
he  was  elected  Speaker,  and,  as  a 
presiding  officer,  won  a  reputation 
for  impartiality,  as  it  is  said  that 
not  one  of  his  decisions  was  ever 
overruled  by  the  House.  He  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


39 


elected  Governor  of  Massachusetts 
for  a  second  term,  in  1858. 

BARBER,  LEVI. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1817  to  181 9, 
and  again  from  1821  to  1823. 

BARBER,  NOYES. 

He  was  born  in  Groton,  Connec 
ticut,  April  28,  1781  ;  was  in  early 
life  a  merchant,  but  a  lawyer  by 
profession ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  his  native 
State,  from  1821  to  1835.  He  died 
at  Groton,  January  3,  1845.  He 
was  a  man  of  ability,  and  while  in 
Congress  accomplished  much  good 
for  his  native  State,  where  he  was 
universally  respected  as  a  man  and 
a  statesman. 

BARBOUR,  JAMES. 

A  native  of  Virginia ;  was  Speak 
er  of  the  House  of  Delegates,  and 
Governor  of  that  State;  and  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1815  to 
1825,  officiating  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committees  on  Foreign  Relations 
and  the  District  of  Columbia,  and 
serving  on  other  important  com 
mittees.  He  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  War  in  1825,  and  Minister 
to  England  in  1828.  He  died  in 
Orange  County,  Virginia,  June  8, 
1842,  aged  sixty-six  years. 

BARBOUR,  JOHN  S. 

Born  in  Virginia  in  1810,  and 
died  in  Culpeper  County,  Virginia, 
January  12,  1855.  He  was  in  early 
life  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla 


ture  ;  was  from  1823  to  1833  a 
member  of  Congress  from  Virginia ; 
again  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1833-34  ;  and  member  of  the  Con 
stitutional  Convention  in  1829-30. 
He  was  a  gentleman  of  much  ability, 
and  exercised  considerable  inflence 
in  the  public  affairs  of  his  State. 

BARBOUR,  LUCIEN. 

He  was  born  in  Canton,  Connec 
ticut,  March  4,  1811;  graduated 
at  Amherst  College  in  1837,  having, 
while  receiving  his  own  education, 
been  a  teacher  himself;  he  removed 
to  Indiana,  studied  law,  and  settled 
in  the  practice  at  Indianapolis.  He 
was  appointed,  by  President  Polk, 
United  States  District  Attorney ; 
acted  a  number  of  times  as  arbitra 
tor  between  the  State  of  Indiana 
and  private  corporations ;  in  1852 
was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to 
prepare  a  code  of  practice  for  the 
State  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  since 
which  time  he  has  been  devoted  to 
his  profession. 

BARBOUR,  PHILIP  P. 

Born  in  1779  ;  was  educated  for 
the  law,  in  the  practice  of  which  he 
was  successful ;  he  was  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  Virginia,  from  1814 
to  1825;  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  in  1821;  in  1825 
he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Eastern  District  of  Virginia ;  was 
again  in  Congress  from  1827  to 
1830,  officiating  as  Chairman  of  the 
Judiciary  Committee;  and  in  1836 
was  appointed  by  President  Jackson 


40 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


an  Associate  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
in  Washington  City,  of  ossification 
of  the  heart,  February  25,  1841. 

BARCLAY,  DAVID. 
He  was   born  in   Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  his  native  State,  from 
1855  to  1857. 

BARD,  DAVID. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Princeton 
College  in  1773,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1795  to  1799,  and  again  from 
1803  to  1815. 

BARKER,  DAVID. 

He  was  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1 827  to  1829,  and  died  in  Rochester, 
New  Hampshire,  April  1,  1834, 
aged  thirty-seven  years. 

BARKER,  JOSEPH. 

He  commenced  his  classical  stu 
dies  at  Harvard  University,  and 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1771 ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1805  to  1809.  He  died  in  1815. 

BARKESDALE,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Rutherford  County,  Ten 
nessee,  August  21,  1821,  and  pur 
sued  a  partial  course  of  studies  at 
the  Nashville  University.  He  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession ;  held  a  com 
mission  in  the  staff  of  the  2d  Mis 
sissippi  Regiment,  in  the  Mexican 


war,  in  1847  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Mississippi  Convention  called  in 
1851  to  discuss  the  Compromise 
measures  of  1850 ;  and  was  elected 
Representative,  from  Mississippi,  in 
the  Thirty-third,  Thirty-fourth,  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  For 
eign  Affairs. 

BARLOW,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1827 
to  1829,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Agriculture. 

BARNARD,  D.  D. 

He  was  born  in  Berkshire  Coun 
ty,  Massachusetts  ;  graduated  at 
William's  College  in  1818  ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
in  New  York,  in  1821 ;  in  182G  was 
elected  District  Attorney  for  the 
County  of  Monroe,  New  York ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1827  to  1829, 
and  again  from  1839  to  1845.  In 
1850  he  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Prussia.  He  has  devoted  much  at 
tention  to  literary  pursuits,  and  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  the  colleges  of  Geneva 
and  New  York.  Of  late  years  he 
has  devoted  himself  to  the  publica 
tion  of  a  work  called  "A  Journal 
of  Education." 

BARNARD,  ISAAC  D. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from    Pennsylvania,  from    1827  to 
;   1831,  and  died   at  West  Chester, 
:   Pennsylvania,  February,  1834. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


41 


BAIINETT,  WILLIAM. 

lie  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  from 
1812  to  1815,  when  he  was  appoint 
ed  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  run 
the  Creek  boundary  line. 

BARNEY,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  son  of  Commodore 
Joshua  Barney,  and  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  Maryland,  from  1825 
to  1827.  He  died  in  Washington, 
District  of  Columbia,  January  2G, 
1857,  aged  seventy-two  years.  He 
was  known  in  Washington  society 
for  many  years,  as  an  agreeable 
gentleman  ;  and  he  left  behind  him 
an  unfinished  record  of  "  Personal 
Recollections  of  Men  and  Things," 
both  in  this  country  and  Europe. 

BARNITZ,  CHARLES  A. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1833 
to  1835,  and  died  at  York,  in  that 
State,  in  March,  1850. 

BARNWELL,  ROBERT. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1791  to  1793. 

BARNWELL,  R,  W. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1821 ;  studied  law,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  South. 
Carolina,  from  1829  to  1833,  was 
President  of  the  South  Carolina 
College  from  1835  to  1843,  and  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress  in  1850. 


BARRERE,  NELSON. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1851  to  1853. 

BARRINGER,  DANIEL  L. 

Born  in  Mecklenburgh  County, 
North  Carolina,  October  1,  1788; 
had  a  good  classical  education ; 
studied  law,  and  practiced  with  suc 
cess  in  Wake  County  ;  served  in  the 
Legislature  of  North  Carolina  in 
1813,  and  again  from  1819  to  1822  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1820  to  1835,  and  again 
from  1843  to  1849.  He  subse 
quently  removed  to  Tennessee,  and 
was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  that  State. 
He  died  October  16,  1852. 

BARRINGER,  DANIEL  MOREAU. 

Was  born  in  Cabarras  County, 
North  Carolina,  and  graduated  at 
the  University  of  North  Carolina 
in  182G;  he  selected  the  law  as  a 
profession,  having  commenced  to 
practice  in  1829.  In  that  year  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature,  in  which  position  he 
continued  for  a  number  of  years.  In 
1835  he  was  a  member  of  a  conven 
tion  to  amend  the  State  Constitu 
tion.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1843  to  1849,  when 
he  was  appointed  by  President  Tay 
lor  Minister  to  Spain  and  continued 
in  that  mission  by  President  Fill- 
more.  On  resigning  his  position  as 
Minister,  after  serving  four  years, 
he  traveled  extensively  in  Europe, 
and,  on  his  return  home,  was  elect 
ed  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  in 


42 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1855,  having  declined  a  re-election, 
retired  to  private  life,  devoting  him 
self  to  literary  studies  and  pursuits. 

BARROW,  ALEXANDER. 

Born  in  Nashville,  Tennessee,  in 
1801,  where,  after  completing  his 
education,  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar ;  he  soon  after  removed  to  Loui 
siana,  gave  up  the  practice  of  law, 
and  turned  his  attention  to  planting. 
He  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
Legislature  of  Louisiana,  and  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1841 
to  1847.  Died  December  29,  1846. 

BARROW,  WASHINGTON. 

He  is  a  native  of  Tennessee ;  a 
lawyer  by  education  and  profession ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849, 
serving  on  the  Committee  for  the 
District  of  Columbia;  and  in  1841 
was  appointed  American  Charge 
d'Affaires  to  Portugal. 

BARRY,  WILLIAM  S. 

He  was  born  in  Mississippi,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

BARRY.  WILLIAM  T. 

He  was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1814  to  1816,  having 
previously,  during  the  years  1810 
and  1811,  been  a  Representative  in 
Congress.  He  was  also  a  member 
of  President  Jackson's  cabinet,  as 
Postmaster-General,  (the  first,  as 
such,  admitted  to  that  honor ;)  and 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occur 


red  in  Liverpool,  England,  August 
30, 1835,he  was  Minister  Plenipoten 
tiary  of  the  United  States  to  Spain. 

BARSTOW,  GAMALIEL  H. 

He  served  three  years  in  the  As 
sembly  of  New  York,  four  years  in 
the  State  Senate,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1831  to  1833. 

BARSTOW,  GIDEON. 

A  native  of  Massachusetts  ;  was 
a  member  of  both  branches  of  the 
Legislature  of  that  State,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1821  to  1823.  He  died  in  St.  Au 
gustine,  Florida,  where  he  had  gone 
for  his  health,  March  26, 1852,  aged 
sixty-nine  years. 

BARTLETT,  BAILEY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,from  1797 
to  1801. 

BARTLETT,  ICHABOD. 

He  was  born  in  Salisbury,  New 
Hampshire,  in  1786;  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1808;  studied 
law,  and  settled  in  Portsmouth, 
where  he  was  eminently  successful 
in  his  profession,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1823  to 
1829,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Affairs.  He  was  also  fre 
quently  in  the  State  Legislature, 
and  a  member  of  the  Convention  to 
revise  the  State  Constitution.  He 
died  in  Portsmouth,  October  19, 
1853. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


43 


BAllTLETT,  JOSIAII. 

Born  in  New  Hampshire  in  17G8, 
and  died  at  Stratham,  in  that  State, 
April  14,  1838.  He  was  a  physi 
cian  of  extensive  practice,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  Hampshire,  from  1811  to 
1813. 

BAllTLETT,  THOMAS,  JR. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

HARTLEY,  MORDECAI. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con-   ! 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1823  to  1831.    ; 

BARTON,   DAVID. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Missouri,  from  1821  to  1831, 
and  a  man  of  distinguished  talents. 
Died  near  Boonville,  Missouri,  Sep 
tember  28,  1837. 

BARTON,  RICHARD  W. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 

BARTON,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  served 
three  years  in  the  Assembly  of  that 
State,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1835  to  1837. 

BASSETT,  BURWELL. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1805  to  1813, 
from  1815  to  1819,  and  from  1821 
to  1831. 


BASSET,  RICHARD. 

He  was  a  member  from  Delaware 
of  the  Convention  which  formed  the 
Constitution,  and  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  its  adoption  until  1793. 
lie  was  also  a  justice  of  the  Federal 
Supreme  Court;  Governor  of  De 
laware,  from  1798  to  1801 ;  and 
died  in  September,  1815. 

BATEMAN,  EPHRAIM. 

He  was  born  in  Cumberland,  New 
Jersey,  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1826  to  1829 ; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tees  on  Agriculture  and  Enrolled 
Bills;  having  previously  been  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1815  to  1823;  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  the  Post-office  and  Ac 
counts. 

BATES,  EDWARD. 

He  is  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Missouri,  from  1827  to  1829. 

BATES,  ISAAC  C. 

Born  at  Granville,  Massachusetts, 
in  1780,  and  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1802.  He  studied  law  and 
attained  a  high  position  as  an  ad 
vocate.  He  was  frequently  in  the 
State  Legislature  and  a  member  of 
the  Executive  Council ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1827 
to  1833,  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  1841  to  1845  ;  and  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Pensions. 
He  died  in  Washington  City,  March 
16,  1845. 


44 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


BATES,  JAMES. 

A  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Somerset  County,  Maine,  from 
1831  to  1833,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in 
the  Post-office  Department. 

BATES,  JAMES  W. 

He  was  born  in  Goochland 
County,  Virginia,  and  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  Congress,  from  the  Terri 
tory  of  Arkansas,  from  1820  to  1823. 

BATES,  M.  W. 

He  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Litch- 
field  County,  Connecticut,  February 
24, 1181 ;  he  received  a  good  Eng 
lish  education,  and  became  a  lawyer 
by  profession  ;  having  first  studied 
medicine.  He  removed  to  Delaware 
and  was  several  times  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  that  State ;  and  in 
1850  was  a  member  of  the  Consti 
tutional  Convention  of  the  State  of 
Delaware.  He  took  his  seat  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  as  a  Senator 
from  Delaware,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Pensions  and 
Revolutionary  Pensions. 

BAY,  WILLIAM    V.  N. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
having  become  a  citizen  of  Mis 
souri,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1849  to  1851. 

BAYARD,  JAMES   A. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in 
1767.  After  studying  law  at  Phi 
ladelphia,  he  commenced  the  prac 
tice  in  Delaware.  In  1796  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 


gress,  serving  from  1797  to  1801 ; 
when  he  was  appointed  Minister  to 
France.  In  1804  he  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  Senate,  of  which 
body  he  continued  a  member,  till 
he  was  appointed  by  President  Ma 
dison,  in  1813,  a  Commissioner  to 
negotiate  a  peace  with  Great  Bri 
tain.  The  absence  of  the  Emperor 
from  St.  Petersburg  preventing  the 
transaction  of  any  business,  he  pro 
ceeded  to  Holland :  he  lent  his 
able  assistance  in  the  negotiation 
of  the  treaty  of  peace  at  Ghent. 
At  Paris,  he  was  apprised  of  his 
appointment  as  Envoy  to  the  Court 
of  St.  Petersburg ;  this  he  declined. 
He  tendered,  however,  his  co-opera 
tion  in  forming  a  commercial  treaty 
with  Great  Britain ;  but  an  alarm 
ing  illness  compelled  him  to  return 
to  the  United  States.  He  arrived 
in  June,  and  died  in  August,  1815. 

BAYARD,  JAMES  A. 

He  has  been  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Delaware,  ever  since 
1851,  and  is  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Judiciary,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committees  on  the  Library 
and  on  Public  Grounds. 

BAYARD,  RICHARD   II. 

He  was  born  in  Delaware,  gra 
duated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1814,  and  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Delaware,  from  1836  to 
1839,  and  again  from  1841  to 
1845.  He  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  American  Minister  to  Bel 
gium. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


45 


BAYLIES,  FRANCIS. 

Born  in  1784;  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1821  to  182T,  and  in  1832 
was  appointed  American  Minister 
to  Brazil,  and  died  October  28, 1852. 
lie  was  the  author  of  "A  History 
of  the  Plymouth  Colony." 

BAYLIES,  WILLIAM. 

lie  graduated  at  Harvard  Col 
lege  in  1760 ;   was  a  member  of  the   ! 
Provincial  Congress  in  1775  ;  often 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  State  ; 
Council ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from   | 
1805  to  1809,  and  again  from  1813 
to    1817.      He   died    at   Dighton, 
Massachusetts,  June  17,  1826,  aged   \ 
eighty-two  years. 

BAYLIES,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1833 
to  1835,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Claims. 

BAYLEY,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Somerset  County, 
Maryland,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1817  to  1823. 

BAYLEY,  THOMAS  M. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1813  to 
1815. 

BAYLOR,  R.  E.  B. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Alabama,  from  1829  to 
1831. 


BAYLY,  THOMAS  HENRY. 

Born  in  Accomac  County,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1810;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Virginia,  and  came 
to  the  bar  in  1 830.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-six,  he  was  chosen  a  mem 
ber  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
Virginia,  and  was  re-elected  for  five 
years  in  succession.  While  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature,  he  was 
elected  by  that  body  a  brigadier- 
general  of  the  militia  of  Eastern 
Virginia.  He  resigned  his  seat, 
and  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Cir 
cuit  Superior  Court  of  Law.  In 
1844  he  resigned  his  seat  on  the 
bench,  and  was  elected  to  the  House 
of  Representatives  from  the  Ac 
comac  District,  and  continued,  by 
successive  elections,  a  member  of 
the  House  for  twelve  years,  until 
the  time  of  his  death ;  during  the 
Thirty-first  Congress  officiating  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  of 
Ways  and  Means.  He  lived  and 
died  on  the  same  spot  where  his 
ancestors  from  England  landed  in 
1606,  and  where  they  established 
the  family  home.  He  commanded 
the  same  brigade  which  his  grand 
father  had  commanded;  and  he 
held  the  same  seat  in  the  General 
Assembly  of  his  State  and  in  the 
House  of  Representatives,  which 
his  father  had  occupied  before  him. 
He  died  June  22,  1856,  aged  forty - 
five  years. 

BEALE,  JAMES  M.  II. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1833  to  1837,  and 


46 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


for  two  other  terms,  from  1849  to 
1853. 

BEALE,  R.  L.  T. 

Born  at  Hickory  Hill,  Westmore 
land  County,  Virginia,  May  22, 
1819;  his  education  was  obtained 
chiefly  at  Northumberland  Aca 
demy,  spending  a  short  time  at 
Dickinson  College,  Pennsylvania. 
In  1836  he  commenced  the  study 
of  law,  and  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia,  as  a  student  of 
that  profession,  in  1838,  and  was 
licensed  to  practice  in  1839.  In 
1847  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  the  Mi 
litia;  he  declined  a  re-election  at 
the  expiration  of  his  term.  In  1850 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Reform 
Convention  of  Virginia,  and  in  1857 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate, 
which  position  he  now  holds. 

BEALL,  REZIN. 

He  was  an  officer  in  Wayne's 
army,  with  Harrison  and  Van  Rens- 
selaer ;  occupied  various  public  sta 
tions  in  Ohio,  and  was  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1813  to  1815,  and  died  at  Wooster, 
Ohio,  February  20,  1843,  aged 
seventy-three  years. 

BEARDSLEY,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Oneida  County,  New 
York,  from  1831  to  1836,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Judiciary.  He  also  held  the  offices 
of  State  Senator  in  1823,  and  As 


sistant  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State,  and  the  Fede 
ral  appointment  of  United  States 
District  Attorney  for  New  York. 

BEATTY,  JOHN. 

He  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1769,  and  studied  medicine; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  Jersey,  from  1793  to 
1795,  having  been  a  Delegate  to 
the  Continental  Congress,  from  1783 
to  1785.  He  died  April  30,  1826, 
aged  seventy-seven  years. 

BEATTY,  MARTIN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1833 
to  1835. 

BEATTY,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1837  to  1841. 

BEAN,  BENNING  M. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1833  to  1837,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Agricul 
ture. 

BEAUMONT,  ANDREW. 

He -was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1833 
to  1837,  and  died  at  Wilksbarre, 
Pennsylvania,  in  October,  1853. 

BECKER,  GEORGE  L. 
He  is  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Minnesota;  elected  to 
the  Thirty- fifth  Congress. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


47 


BEDINGER,  GEORGE  M. 

He  was  an  officer  in  the  revolu 
tionary  war,  having  served  as  ad 
jutant  in  the  expedition  against 
Chillicothe,  in  1779,  and  as  a  major 
at  the  battle  of  Blue  Licks,  in 
1782;  he  was  one  of  the  earliest 
emigrants  into  the  State  of  Ken 
tucky  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Ken 
tucky  Legislature  in  1792,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1803  to  1807.  He  spent  the  close 
of  his  life  in  retirement,  and  died 
at  an  advanced  age. 

BEDINGER,  HENRY. 

ITe  was  born  in  Virginia;  re 
ceived  a  classical  education;  adopt 
ed  the  profession  of  law ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Virginia,  from  1845  to  1849,  where 
he  was  distinguished  for  his  elo 
quence  as  a  debater.  In  1853  he 
was  appointed  Charge  d'Affaires  to 
Denmark,  and  returned  home  in  the 
autumn  of  1858.  A  few  weeks  after 
his  return  he  partook  of  a  compli 
mentary  dinner  tendered  to  him  by 
his  fellow-citizens  of  all  parties ;  he 
died  of  pneumonia,  at  Shepherds- 
town,  Virginia,  November  26, 1858. 
During  his  residence  in  Denmark,  he 
was  successful  in  bringing  about  the 
treaty  abolishing  the  Sound  Dues. 

BKECHER,  PHILEMON. 

Born  in  New  Haven,  Connecti 
cut  ;  he  was  an  able  lawyer,  and 
one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Ohio,  to 
which  he  emigrated  from  Connecti 
cut.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1817  to 


1821,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary,  and 
re-elected  from  1823  to  1829.  He 
died  at  Lancaster,  Ohio,  Novem 
ber  30, 1839,  aged  sixty-four  years. 

BEEKMAN,  THOMAS. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1829 
to  1831. 

BEESON,  HENRY  W. 
He  was   born   in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1841  to 
1843. 

BELCHER,  HIRAM. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

BELCHER,  NATHAN. 
Born  in  Griswold,  Connecticut, 
June  23,  1813;  graduated  at  Am- 
herst  College  in  1832;  studied  law 
with  Samuel  Ingham,  of  Essex,  and 
at  the  Cambridge  Law  School ;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1836;  and 
practiced  at  Clinton,  Connecticut, 
until  1841,  when  he  removed  to 
New  London,  relinquished  the  prac 
tice  of  law,  and  engaged  in  manu 
facturing.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  of 
Connecticut  in  1846  and  1847,  and 
of  the  State  Senate  in  1850,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

BELDEN,  GEORGE  0. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1827 
to  1829. 


48 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


BELL,  HIRAM. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1852  to  1853. 

BELL,  JAMES. 

Born  November  13,  1804,  in 
Francestown,  Hillsborough  County, 
New  Hampshire ;  graduated  at 
Bowdoin  College  in  1822;  studied 
law,  and  completed  his  course  at 
Litchfield;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1825,  and  commenced  to 
practice  at  Gilmanton ;  removed 
to  Exeter,  and  thence  to  Gilford ; 
and  for  many  years  held  a  dis 
tinguished  rank  in  his  profession. 
In  1846  he  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
the  State  in  1850.  He  was  elected 
United  States  Senator,  in  June, 
1855,  for  six  years;  and  died  in 
Laconia,  New  Hampshire,  May  26, 
1857,  whither  he  had  gone  from 
Washington  to  recruit  his  health. 

BELL,  JAMES  M. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1833  to  1835. 

BELL,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  near  Nashville, 
Tennessee,  February  15,  1797.  He 
commenced  his  studies  at  Cumber 
land  College,  now  the  Nashville 
University,  and  graduated  at  the 
latter  in  1814;  he  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1816. 
In  1817  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate ;  declined  a  re-election,  and 


devoted  the  next  ten  years  of  his 
life   wholly   to   his   profession;    in 
;  1827  he  was  elected  a  Representa- 
j  tive  in  Congress,  and  continued  to 
:  be  re-elected  until  1841,  officiating 
during   one   term   as  Speaker;    in 
1841  he  accepted  a  seat  in  Presi 
dent  Harrison's  cabinet  as  Secre- 
i  tary  of  War,  which  post  he  resigned 
in  five  months  after  the  accession 
|  of  President  Tyler;  in  1847  he  ac- 
',  cepted  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Re- 
!  presentatives  of  Tennessee,  but  be- 
,  fore  the  close  of  the  year  he  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
I  and  was  re-elected  in  1852,  serving, 
from  time  to  time,  as  chairman  of 
important  committees. 

BELL,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1850  to 
1851. 

BELL,  JOSHUA  F. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 

I  elected  a  Representative  in   Con- 

!  gress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 

1  to  1847,  serving  as  a  member  of 

:  the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions, 

and  declined  a  re-election.     He  is 

a  lawyer,  and  distinguished  in  the 

West  as  an  orator. 

BELL,  PETER  II. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Texas,  from  1853  to  1857. 

BELL,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  1769,  and  died  at  Ches 
ter,  New  Hamsphire,  December  23, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


-ill 


1850.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Part- 
mouth  College  in  1703;  a  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New 
Hampshire,  from  181G  to  1819; 
Governor  of  the  State,  from  1819 
to  1823  ;  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  1823  to  1835,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Fo 
reign  Affairs  and  Claims,  and  offi 
ciating  as  Chairman  of  the  latter 
during  the  Twenty-third  Congress. 

BELLINGER,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1817  to  1819. 

BELSER,  JAMES  E. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Alabama,  from  1845  to 
1847. 

BENJAMIN,  J.  P. 

He  is  a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  and 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Louisiana,  to  serve  from  1853 
to  1859,  and  he  is  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims, 
and  a  member  of  the  Committees 
on  the  Judiciary  and  on  Commerce. 

BENNET,   BENJAMIN. 

"Born  in  1762;  was  a  Baptist 
minister,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Xew  Jersey,  from 
1815  to  1819.  He  died  at  Middle- 
town,  Xew  Jersey,  October  8,  1840. 

BENNET,    HENRY. 

He  was  born  in  Xew  Lisbon,  Ot- 
sego  County,  Xew  York,  Septem 


ber  29,  1808  ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1832;  and 
having  been  elected  to  Congress  as 
a  Representative  from  that  State 
in  1848,  has  continued  to  be  re- 
elected  until  the  present  time,  so 
that  at  the  end  of  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress  he  will  have  served  in 
that  capacity  continuously,  the  pe 
riod  of  ten  years.  During  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress  he  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Public  Lands,  and  reported  a  num 
ber  of  important  bills  for  the  bene 
fit  of  the  Western  States,  and  during 
the  present  Congress  he  has  served 
as  a  member  of  the  same  committee. 

BENNETT,  II.  S. 

Born  in  Williamson  County,  Ten 
nessee,  March  7,  1807;  received 
a  limited  education;  studied  law, 
and  began  to  practice  in  1830, 
when  he  removed  to  Mississippi, 
where  he  held  the  office  of  circuit 
judge  for  eight  years,  and  of  which 
State  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  during  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress.  Of  late  years  he  has 
been  devoted  to  planting. 

BENSON,  EGBERT. 

He  was  eminent  as  a  statesman 
and  jurist,  and  died  at  Jamaica, 
Xew  York,  in  August,  1833,  in  the 
eighty-seventh  year  of  his  age.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Xew  York,  from  1789  to  1793, 
taking  an  active  part  in  its  delibera 
tions.  He  had  previously  served 
as  a  delegate  in  the  Continental 
Congress  from  1784  to  1788.  He 


50 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


was  a  graduate  of  Columbia  Col 
lege  in  1765,  and  received  literary 
honors  from  Harvard  University  in 
1808,  and  from  Dartmouth  in  1811. 

BENSON,  SAMUEL  P. 
He  was  born  in  the  town  of  Win- 
throp,  Maine;  graduated  at  Bow- 
doin  College  in  1825;  and  was 
elected  a  Bepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  in  1853,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress,  when  he  served  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Affairs.  He  is  at  the  present  time 
one  of  the  overseers  of  Bowdoin 
College 

BENTON,  CHARLES  S. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was  a 
Bepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1843  to  1849. 

BENTON,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Bepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1793  to  1798. 

BENTON,  THOMAS  HART. 

He  was  born  in  Hillsborotigh, 
North  Carolina,  March  14,  1782, 
and  educated  at  Chapel  Hill  Col 
lege.  He  left  that  institution  with 
out  receiving  a  degree,  and  forth 
with  commenced  the  study  of  law 
in  William 'and  Mary  College,  Vir 
ginia,  under  Mr.  St.  George  Tucker. 
In  1810  he  entered  the  United 
States  army,  but  soon  resigned  his 
commission  of  lieutenant-colonel, 
and  in  1811  was  at  Nashville,  Ten 
nessee,  where  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  the  law.  He  soon  after 


wards  emigrated  to  St.  Lonis,  Mis 
souri,  where  he  connected  himself 
with  the  press  as  the  editor  of  a 
newspaper,   the    Missouri  Argus. 
In  1820  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  United  States  Senate,  serving 
as    chairman    of    many   important 
committees,  and  remained  in  that 
body  till   the   session   of  1851,  at 
which  time  he  failed  of  re-election. 
As  Missouri  was  not  admitted  into 
the  Union  till  August    10,    1821, 
more  than  a  year  of  Mr.  Benton's 
first  term  of  service  expired  before 
he  took  his  seat.    He  occupied  him 
self  during  this  interval  before  taking 
his  seat  in  Congress  in  acquiring  a 
knowledge  of  the  language  and  lite 
rature  of  Spain.    Immediately  after 
he  appeared  in  the  Senate  he  took 
a  prominent  part  in  the  delibera 
tions  of  that  body,  and  rapidly  rose 
to  eminence  and  distinction.     Few 
public  measures  were  discussed  be 
tween  the  years  1821  and  1851  that 
he  did  not   participate  in  largely, 
and  the  influence  he  wielded  was 
always  felt   and  confessed    by  the 
country.     He  was  one  of  the  chief 
props  and  supporters  of  the  admin 
istrations    of    Presidents   Jackson 
and  Yan   Buren.     The   people   of 
Missouri  long  clung  to  him  as  their 
apostle  and  leader  ;  and  it  required 
persevering   effort   to   defeat   him. 
But  he  had  served  them  during  the 
entire  period  of  thirty  years  with 
out  interruption,   and  others,  who 
aspired  to  honors  he  enjoyed,  be 
came  impatient  for  an  opportunity 
to  supplant  him.     His  defeat  was 
the  consequence.     Colonel  Benton 
!  was  distinguished  for  his  learning, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


51 


iron  will,  practical  mind,  and  strong 
memory.  As  a  public  speaker  he 
was  not  interesting  or  calculated  to 
produce  an  effect  on  the  passions  of 
an  audience,  but  his  speeches  were 
read  with  avidity,  always  producing 
a  decided  influence.  He  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  the  Thirty- 
third  Congress  for  the  District  of 
St.  Louis,  and  on  his  retirement 
from  public  life  devoted  himself  to 
the  preparation  of  a  valuable  regis 
ter  of  the  debates  in  Congress,  upon 
which  he  labored  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Washington  on 
the  10th  of  April,  1858,  of  cancer 
in  the  stomach. 

BERGEN,  JOHN  T. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1831 
to  1833. 

BERNHISEL,  JOHN  M. 

Born  in  Cumberland  County, 
Pennsylvania,  June  23,  1799  ;  gra 
duated  in  the  medical  department 
of  Pennsylvania  University ;  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine  ; 
and  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Utah. 

BERRIEN,  JOHN  McP. 

Born  in  New  Jersey,  August  23, 
1781,  but  when  a  child  removed 
with  his  father  to  Georgia.  He 
graduated  at  Princeton  in  his  fif 
teenth  year,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1799.  In  1809  he  was 
elected  Solicitor-General,  and  the 
next  year  Judge  of  the  Eastern  Cir 


cuit.  During  the  war  of  1812  he 
had  command  of  a  regiment  of  vol 
unteer  cavalry,  and  served  in  the 
State  Legislature  for  several  years. 
In  1824  he  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  where  he  remained 
until  1829,  when  he  took  a  seat  in 
the  cabinet  of  President  Jackson  as 
Attorney-General.  For  a  while 
afterwards  he  held  various  positions 
of  responsibility  in  Georgia,  and  in 
1 840  was  again  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate  for  six  years,  taking 
an  active  part  in  all  leading  mea 
sures,  and  officiating  most  of  the 
time  as  Chairman  of  the  Judiciary 
Committee.  In  1845  he  was  elected 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Georgia,  and  in  1847  was 
once  more  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  resigning  his  seat 
in  May,  1852.  On  his  return 
to  Georgia,  he  still  continued,  in 
various  ways,  to  promote  the  public 
good,  and  he  died  at  Savannah, 
•January  1,  185G,  universally  la- 
|  mented.  He  was  undoubtedly,  one 
1  of  the  best,  most  distinguished,  and 
|  high-minded  statesmen  of  the  coun- 
!  try. 

BETIIUNE,  LAUGHLIN. 

A  native  of  North  Carolina,  for 
several  years  a  Senator  in  the  State 
Legislature,  and  from  1831  to  1833 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Cumberland  County,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Elec 
tions. 

BETTON,  SILAS. 

He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  Col 
lege  in  1787;  was  a  Representa- 


52 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


tive  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1803  to  1807  ;  and  died 
in  ]  822,  aged  fifty-eight  years. 

BETTS,  SAMUEL  R. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1815 
to  1817. 

BETTS,  THADDEUS.  . 

He  was  born  in  Norwalk,  Con 
necticut  ;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1807,  and  acquired  great 
distinction  as  a  lawyer.  He  was 
at  one  time  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
Connecticut,  and  an  influential  mem 
ber  of  the  United  States  Senate, 
from  1839  to  the  date  of  his  death, 
April  7,  1840.  He  was  greatly 
respected  for  his  talents  and  cha 
racter. 

BIBB,  GEORGE  M. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia ;  gra 
duated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1792;  studied  law  and  settled  in 
Kentucky.  He  was  three  times 
elected  Chief  Justice  of  Kentucky  ; 
was  in  the  State  Senate  two  years ; 
held  the  position  of  Chancellor  of 
the  Chancery  Court  of  Louisville ; 
was  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  under 
President  Tyler ;  since  which  time 
he  has  practiced  his  profession  in 
the  City  of  Washington,  and  acted 
as  an  assistant  in  the  office  of  the 
Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States.  His  services  in  Congress 
were  rendered  as  a  Senator,  from 
1811  to  1814,  and  again  from  1829 
to  1835. 


BIBB,  WILLIAM  W. 

Died  at  his  residence,  in  Fort 
Jackson,  Alabama,  July  9,  1820, 
aged  thirty-nine  years.  He  was  a 
Representative  from  Georgia,  in  the 
Thirteenth  Congress,  and  was  ap 
pointed  in  1817  Governor  of  the 
Territory  of  Alabama.  He  was 
elected  first  Governor,  under  the 
constitution  of  that  State,  in  1819. 

BIBIGHAUS,  THOMAS  M. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1816; 

I  and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 

'  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  Lebanon,  Pennsylvania,  June  18, 
1853. 

BIC KNELL,  BENNET. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1837 
to  1839;  having  been  in  the  As 
sembly  of  the  State  in  1812,  and  a 
State  Senator  from  1815  to  1818. 

BIDDLE,   JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Philadelphia; 
was  an  officer  in  the  war  of  1812, 
acquitting  himself  with  bravery, 
and  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
from  the  Territory  of  Michigan, 
from  1829  to  1831,  when  he  was 
appointed  Register  of  the  Land 
Office,  at  Detroit,  Michigan.  For 
some  years  past  he  has  been  travel 
ing  in  Europe. 

BIDDLE,  RICHARD. 

He  was  a  brother  of  Nicholas 
Biddle,  and  a  Representative  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Congress,  from  Western  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1837  to  1841,  and  died 
at  Pittsburg,  July  7,  1847. 

1UDLACK,  BENJAMIN  A. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1841 
to  1845;  and  died  at  Bogota,  Feb 
ruary,  29,  1849,  to  which  country 
he  had  been  appointed  Charge 
d'Affaires,  immediately  after  leav 
ing  Congress. 

BIDWELL,  BARNABAS. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1785;  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  I 
from  that  institution;    and  was  a  ! 
Representative  in   Congress,   from 
Massachusetts,  from  1805  to  1807. 
He  died  in  1833. 

BICELOW,  ABIJAH. 

Born  in  Westminster,  Worcester 
County,  Massachusetts,  December 
5,  1775.  He  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1795;  studied 
law  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  17  98;  was  town  clerk  of  Leomin- 
ster  for  five  years ;  served  two  years 
as  a  member  of  the  General  Court 
of  Massachusetts ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1810  to 
1815.  In  1838  he  was  appointed 
a  master  in  chancery,  for  Worces 
ter  County;  from  1817  to  1833,  he 
was  clerk  of  the  County  Court  of 
Worcester;  at  one  time  treasurer 
and  trustee  of  Leicester  Academy ; 
and  has  held  the  minor  office  of  jus 
tice  of  the  peace,  for  about  fifty 
years. 


BIGELOW,  LEWIS. 

Born  in  Massachusetts  in  1783; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  his  native  State,  from  1821  to 
1823;  was  the  author  of  the  "Di 
gest  of  the  first  twelve  volumes  of 
Massachusetts  Reports;"  and,  re 
moving  to  Peoria,  Illinois,  became 
clerk  of  the  County  Court  there, 
and  died  in  October,  1838. 

BIGGS,  ASA. 

Born  in  Williainstown,  Martin 
County,  North  Carolina,  February 
4,  1811.  He  was  educated  at  an 
academy,  served  as  a  merchant's 
clerk,  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1831.  In  1835  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Con 
stitutional  Convention  of  that 
State;  in  1840,  1842  and  1844,  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture;  he  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  Twenty-ninth  Congress ;  in 
1850  he  was  one  of  three  Commis 
sioners,  appointed  to  revise  the  sta 
tutes  of  the  State ;  in  1854  he  went 
a  second  time  into  the  State  Se 
nate  ;  and  he  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  in  1854,  for  six  years, 
but  resigned  May  3,  1858,  for  the 
appointment  of  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  of  North  Ca 
rolina,  conferred  upon  him  by  Pre 
sident  Buchanan.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  Finance  and 
on  Private  Land  Claims. 

BIGLER,  WILLIAM. 

Born  at  Shermansburg,  Cumber 
land  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  De 
cember,  1814.  He  received  a  mode- 


54 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


rate  school  education,  and  instead 
of  a  college,  graduated  in  a  print 
ing-office  ;  by  his  own  personal 
efforts,  he  established  and  for  several 
years  carried  on,  entirely  unaided, 
the  Clearfield  Democrat;  dispos 
ing  of  his  paper,  he  devoted  him 
self  for  a  time  to  mercantile  pur 
suits  and  politics;  in  1841  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Convention, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate,  part  of  the  time  Speaker, 
up  to  1847  ;  in  1851  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  Pennsylvania;  subse 
quently  became  President  of  the 
Philadelphia  and  Erie  Railroad 
Company;  and  in  1855  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  where  he 
still  continues,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Commerce,  Post-offices 
and  Post-roads,  and  Engrossed 
Bills. 

BILLINGHURST,  CHARLES. 
He  was  born  in  Brighton,  Mon 
roe  County,  New  York,  July  27, 
1818;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law,  and,  after  practicing  a  few 
years,  removed  to  Wisconsin  in 
1847,  and  was  a  member  of  the  first 
Legislature  of  that  State  in  1848; 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1852; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress  from 
Wisconsin,  and  was  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Judiciary  Com 
mittee.  He  has  also  been  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

BINES,  THOMAS. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1814 


to  1815,  and  again  from   1819  to 
1820. 

BINGHAM,  JOHN  A. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1815;  received  an  academical  edu 
cation  ;  spent  two  years  in  a  print 
ing-office  ;  entered  Franklin  Col 
lege,  in  Ohio,  but  his  health 
prevented  him  from  graduating ; 
he  studied  law  in  Ohio,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1840  ;  from 
1845  to  1849  he  was  Attorney  for 
the  State  in  Tuscarawas  County; 
and  in  1854  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress.  During  his  first 
term,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Elections,  and  made  a  re 
port  on  the  Illinois  contested  cases, 
which  was  adopted  by  the  House, 
and  at  the  present  time  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  State  Department. 
He  has  also  been  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

BINGHAM,  KINSLEY  S. 

He  was  born  at  Camillus,  Onon- 
daga  County,  New  York,  December 
16,  1808  ;  received  a  fair  academic 
education  ;  spent  three  years  in  the 
office  of  a  lawyer  as  clerk ;  emi 
grated  to  Michigan  in  1833,  and 
settled  upon  a  farm  ;  he  was  elected 
to  the  Michigan  Legislature  in  1837, 
and  was  five  years  a  member  of  that 
body;  three  years  elected  Speaker; 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Michigan,  from  1849  to 
1851,  and  served  on  the  Committee 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


on  Commerce ;  and  was  elected 
Governor  of  Michigan  in  1854  and 
1856,  and  is  still  in  that  position. 
He  has  also  held  in  other  years  the 
offices  of  Postmaster,  Supervisor, 
Prosecuting  Attorney,  Judge  of 
Probate,  and  Brigadier-General  of 
Militia. 


BINGHAM,  WILLIAM. 

He  graduated  at  the  College  of 
Philadelphia  in  17G8,  and  he  was 
agent  for  this  country  at  Martinique 
during  the  Revolution.  In  1786 
he  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Continen 
tal  Congress  from  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  in  1795.  He  died  at  Bath, 
England,  February  7,  1804,  aged 
fifty-two  years. 


BINNEY,  HORACE. 

He  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  January  4,  1780; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1797;  and  was  educated  a  law 
yer.  He  was  a  Director  of  the  old 
United  States  Bank,  and  one  of  the 
trustees  to  whom  its  affairs  were 
intrusted  when  it  was  wound  up. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Legislature  in  1806-7,  and 
declined  a  re-election ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1833  to  1835;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Ways  and  Means,  and  again  de 
clined  a  re-election.  In  1827  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  Harvard  University. 


BIRD,  JOHN. 

A  native  of  Litchfield,  Connecti 
cut  ;  afterwards  settled  in  Troy, 
New  York  ;  and  was  early  distin 
guished  at  the  bar  of  that  State, 
and  in  the  Legislature.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from 
1799  to  1801, 

BIRDSALL,  AUSBURN. 
He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

BIRDSALL,  JAMES. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1815 
to  1817,  and  a  member  of  the  As 
sembly  of  that  State  in  1837. 

BIRDSALL,  SAMUEL. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1837 
to  1839. 

BIRDSEYE,  VICTORY. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1815 
to  1817,  and  again  from  1841  to 
1843  ;  a  delegate  to  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention  of  1821 ;  and 
a  State  Senator  in  1828  and  1829. 

BIRNE,  ANDREW. 
He  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  and 
on  becoming  a  citizen  of  Virginia, 
was   elected   a    Representative   in 
Congress  from  1837  to  1841. 

BISHOP,  PIIANUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1799  to  1807. 


56 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


BISHOP,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1855  to  1857. 

BISHOP,  WILLIAM  D. 

He  was  born  in  Bloomfield,  New 
Jersey,  September  14, 1827  ;  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1849;  stu 
died  law  as  a  profession,  but  soon 
engaged  almost  exclusively  in  rail 
road  business,  having  for  several 
years  been  President  of  the  Nauga- 
tuck  Railroad  Company.  He  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  Connec 
ticut,  and  is  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Manufactures. 

BISSELL,  WILLIAM  II. 

Born  in  Ilartwick,  Otsego  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  April  25,  181 1.  He 
was  self-educated,  attending  school 
in  the  summer,  and  teaching  school 
in  the  winter;  he  studied  medicine, 
and  graduated  in  1834  at  the  Medi 
cal  College  in  Philadelphia  ;  he  re 
moved  to  Illinois,  and  after  prac 
ticing  his  profession  until  1840, 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture  ;  he  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  of  Illinois  ;  after 
practicing  with  success,  he  was,  in 
1844,  elected  a  Prosecuting  Attor 
ney  ;  he  served  with  distinction  in 
the  Mexican  war,  and  especially  at 
Buena  Yista,  as  captain  of  the  2d 
Regiment  Illinois  volunteers ;  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Illinois,  from  1849  to  1855 ; 
and  in  1856  he  was  elected  Gover 


nor  of  Illinois  for  four  years,  to  the 
duties  of  which  office  he  is  devoting 
his  undivided  attention. 

BLACK,  EDWARD  J. 

Born  in  Beaufort,  South  Caro 
lina,  in  1806.  He  never  attended 
college,  but  read  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  of  Augusta,  Geor 
gia,  in  1827.  He  commenced  his 
public  life  by  going  into  the  State 
Legislature,  where  he  served  for 
several  years,  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Geor 
gia,  in  1838,  remaining  there  until 
1845.  He  died  in  Barn  well  Dis 
trict,  South  Carolina,  whither  he 
had  gone  for  change  of  scene  in 
1849. 

BLACK,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1847. 

BLACK,  JAMES  A. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1847. 

BLACK,  JOHN. 

He  was  at  one  time  a  resident  of 
Louisiana,  but  removing  to  Missis 
sippi,  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1834  to  1838,  officiating 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Private  Land  Claims  during  the 
first  term.  He  died  in  Winchester, 
Yirginia,  August  29,  1854. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


57 


BLACKLEDGE,  WILLIAM. 

Presumed  to  have  been  the  father 
of  the  following1.  lie  was  for  seve 
ral  years  a  member  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  Xorth  Carolina,  and 
served  that  State  as  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1803  to  1809, 
and  from  1811  to  1813. 

BLACKLEDGE,  WILLIAM  S. 

He  was  born  in  Pitt  County, 
Xorth  Carolina;  was  a  member  of 
the  General  Assembly  of  Xorth 
Carolina;  and  he  was  elected  to 
Congress,  from  that  State,  for  the 
term,  from  1821  to  1823.  Died  in 
Xewbern,  Xorth  Carolina,  March 
21,  1857,  aged  sixty-four. 

BLACKMAR,  ESBON. 

He  was  a  native  of  Xew  York, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1848  to  1849; 
he  also  served  two  years  in  the  State 
Assembly,  from  Wayne  County. 

BLACKWELL,  JULIUS  W. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1839  to  1841, 
and  again  from  1843  to  1845. 

BLAIR,  BARNARD. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Elections. 

BLAIR,  FRANK  P.,  JR. 

Born  in  Lexington,  Kentucky, 
February  19,  1821;  graduated  at 


Princeton  College ;  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Missouri  Legislature  in  1852  and 
1854;  and  is  a  Representative  in 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Pri 
vate  Land  Claims. 

BLAIR,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1821  to  1822,  and  from  1829  to 
1834.  He  died  at  Washington,  by 
his  own  hand,  March  27,  1834. 

BLAIR,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1823  to 
1837,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Military  Affairs. 

BLAISDELL,  DANIEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Xew  Hampshire,  from 
1808  to  1811. 

BLAKE,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  native  of  Xew  York, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1805  to  1809, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly 
of  that  State  in  1819. 

BLAKE,  THOMAS  II. 

He  was  born  in  Calvert  County, 
Maryland,  June,  1792,  and  spent 
his  boyhood  in  Washington  City. 
He  served  at  the  battle  of  Bladens- 
burg  in  1814 ;  was  an  early  emigrant 
to  the  State  of  Kentucky,  and  after 
wards  to  Indiana  while  a  Territory ; 
upon  the  formation  of  the  State  go- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


vernment,  he  settled  at  Terre  Haute; 
there  practiced  law,  and  served  on 
the  bench  of  the  Circuit  Court,  and 
was  District  Attorney ;  and  subse 
quently  engaged  in  mercantile  pur 
suits.  He  was,  for  many  years,  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Indiana,  from  1827  to  1829. 
Under  President  Tyler's  adminis 
tration,  he  was  Commissioner  of  the 
General  Land  Office,  and,  upon  his 
resignation,  was  appointed  Presi 
dent  of  the  Wabash  and  Erie  Canal 
Company.  He  held  this  office  at 
the  time  of  his  death,  having  just 
returned  from  England,  where,  as 
the  financial  agent  of  his  State,  he 
had  made  satisfactory  arrangements 
with  its  public  creditors.  He  died 
at  Cincinnati,  while  on  his  return 
from  Washington,  November  28, 
1849. 

BLANCHARD,  JOHN. 

Born  in  the  County  of  Caledonia, 
Vermont,  September  30,  1787.  He 
spent  his  boyhood  on  a  farm  ;  pre 
pared  himself  for  college,  and  gra 
duated  at  Dartmouth  in  1812;  re 
moved  to  Pennsylvania,  and  taught 
school ;  read  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1845  to  1849.  He  died  in 
Columbia,  Lancaster  County,  March 
8,  1849. 

BLAND,  THEODORIC. 

Was  a  native  of  Virginia ;  he  was 
bred  a  physician,  but  upon  the  com 
mencement  of  the  American  war  he 


quitted  the  practice  for  the  army, 
and  rose  to  the  rank  of  colonel,  and 
had  the  command  of  a  regiment  of 
dragoons.  In  1779,  he  had  com 
mand  of  the  troops  at  Albemarle 
barracks,  and  continued  in  that  sta 
tion  till  elected  to  a  seat  in  Congress 
in  1780.  He  served  in  that  body 
three  years.  He  was  then  chosen 
a  member  of  the  Virginia  Legisla 
ture.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
the  first  Congress  under  the  Consti 
tution,  having  voted  for  its  adoption. 
He  died  at  New  York,  June  1,1790, 
while  attending  a  session  of  Con 
gress,  aged  forty-eight. 

BLEDSOE,  JESSE. 

He  was  at  one  time  a  distin 
guished  advocate  and  jurist  of  Ken 
tucky,  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1813  to  1815  ; 
he  was  also  professor  of  law  in  the 
Univerity  of  Transylvania.and  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Kentucky.  He  died  at  Nacogdo- 
ches,  Texas,  June  30,  1837. 

BLEECKER,  IIERMANUS. 

He  was  born  at  Albany,  New 
York,  in  1779,  and  died  there,  July 
19,  1849.  He  was  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  1811  to  1813,  and, 
by  President  Van  Buren,  was  ap 
pointed,  in  1839,  Charge  d'Affaires 
at  the  Hague. 

BLISS,  GEORGE. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1853  to  1855. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


59 


BLISS,  PHILEMON. 

Born  in  Canton,  Connecticut, 
July  28,  1814;  educated  at  Fair- 
field  Academy,  Oncida  Institute, 
and  Hamilton  College,  New  York; 
is  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  removed 
to  Ohio,  and  was  elected  President 
Judge  of  the  Fourteenth  Circuit 
Court,  and,  in  1854,  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Manufactures. 

BLOODWORTII,  TIMOTHY. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  in  1790 
and  1701,  and  a  Senator  of  the  Uni 
ted  States,  from  1795  to  1801.  He 
died  August  24,  1814. 

BLOOMFIELD,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  Burlington,  New 
Jersey,  and  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1817  to  1821,  officiating  as  Chair 
man  of  a  Select  Committee  on  Re 
volutionary  Pensions,  during  the 
last  term. 

BLOUNT,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Con 
tinental  Congress  in  1782,  1783, 
1786,  and  1787,  from  North  Caro 
lina  ;  and  was  Governor  of  the  ter 
ritory  south  of  the  Ohio,  having 
been  appointed  to  that  office  in  1 7  90. 
In  1796,  he  was  chosen  president  of 
the  Convention  of  Tennessee.  lie 
was  elected,  the  same  year,  by  that 
State,  to  a  seat  in  the  United  States 


Senate,  but  was  expelled  in  1797, 
for  having  instigated-  the  Creeks 
and  Cherokees  to  assist  the  British 
in  conquering  the  Spanish  territo 
ries,  near  the  United  States.  He 
died  at  Knoxville,  March  10,  1810, 
aged  fifty -six. 

BLOUNT,  WILLIAM  G. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1815  to 
1819. 

BOARDMAN,  ELIJAH. 

Born  in  New  Milford,  Connecti 
cut,  March  7,  1760  ;  and  became  a 
successful  merchant,  lie  was  fre 
quently  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture,  member  of  the  Council,  and  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1821  to 
1823.  He  died  in  Boardman,  Ohio, 
October  8,  1823. 

BOARDMAN,  WILLIAM  W. 

He  was  born  in  New  Milford, 
Connecticut,  October  10,  1774; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1812; 
studied  law  at  Litchfield  and  Cam 
bridge,  and  practiced  with  success  ; 
was  at  one  time  Judge  of  Probate ; 
for  several  years  in  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  Speaker  of  the  House  ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Connecticut,  from  1841  to 
1843. 

BOCKEE,  ABRAHAM. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1829  to  1831, 
and  again  from  1833  to  1837;  he 
subsequently  served  four  years  in 


60 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  Senate  and  one  year  in  the  As 
sembly  of  the  State  of  New  York. 
In  1822  he  was  Collector  of  Cus 
toms  at  the  port  of  New  York. 

BOCOCK,  THOMAS  S. 

He  was  born  in  Buckingham 
County,  Virginia,  in  1815;  gradu 
ated  at  Ilampden  Sidney  College ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law ;  was 
Commonwealth  Attorney  for  the 
County  of  Appomattox,  in  1845 
and  1846;  for  several  sessions  a 
member  of  the  Yirginia  House  of 
Delegates ;  and  has  been  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1841 
to  the  present  time,  serving,  of  late 
years,  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Naval  Affairs. 

BODEN,  ALEXANDER. 

He  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1811  to  1821. 

BODLE,  CHARLES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1833 
to  1835,  and  died  in  New  York 
City,  in  1836. 

BOKEE,  DAVID  A. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  Oc 
tober  6,  1805;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1849  to  1851,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs ;  and 
his  last  public  position  was  that  of 
Naval  Officer  of  the  port  of  New  j 
York,  under  President  Fillmore. 


BOND,  SHADRACH. 

He  was  elected  a  Delegate  to 
Congress,  from  the  Territory  of 
Illinois,  from  1811  to  1815  ;  and  was 
the  first  Governor  under  the  State 
Constitution.  In  1814  was  ap 
pointed  Receiver  of  Public  Moneys 
in  Kaskaskia,  Illinois.  He  died  at 
Kaskaskia,  April  13,  1832, 

BOND,  WILLIAM  K. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1835  to  1841. 

BONHAM,  MILLEDGE  L. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
graduated  at  the  College  of  that 
State,  in  1834;  is  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession  ;  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  from  his  native  State  ;  and  is 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs.  He  has  been 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

BOON,  RATLIFF. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
in  1181,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from  1825 
to  1821,  and  again,  from  1829  to 
1839,  officiating  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands,  dur 
ing  the  Twenty-fourth  Congress. 
He  died  in  Louisiana,  November 
20,  1844. 

BOOTH,  WALTER. 

Born  in  Woodbridge,  New  Ha 
ven  County,  Connecticut,  Decem 
ber  8,  1191,  and  after  receiving  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Gl 


good  school  education  in  New  Ha-  1 
ven,  he  settled  in  the  town  of  Meri- 
den,  where  he  still  resides.  He  was 
for  several  years  a  merchant,  and 
manufacturer,  and  for  eighteen  years 
President  of  the  Meriden  Bank ; 
he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Gene 
ral  Assembly  and  State  Senate; 
and,  in  1834,  was  Associate  Judge 
of  the  County  Court.  He  was  ma 
jor-general  of  militia,  and  elected 
a  member  of  the  Thirty-first  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  of 
Public  Expenditures.  He  has  since 
been  engaged  in  agricultural  pur 
suits. 

BORDEN,  NATHANIEL  B. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  the  Fall  River  District, 
in  that  State,  from  1835  to  1839, 
and  again,  from  1841  to  1843,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Elections  and  on  Territories. 

BORLAND,  CHARLES. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1820;  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1821  to  1823  ;  and  was 
again  elected  to  the  Assembly,  in 
1836. 

BORLAND,  SOLON. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia ;  was 
educated  in  Xorth  Carolina ;  served 
in  the  war  with  Mexico,  as  a  vol 
unteer  ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Arkansas,  from  1848  to  1853, 
and  was  appointed,  by  President 
Pierce,  Minister  to  Central  Ame 


rica.  He  also  received,  from  Pre 
sident  Pierce,  the  appointment  of 
Governor  of  the  Territory  of  New 
Mexico,  but  declined. 

BORST,  PETER  J. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  the  County  of  Schoha- 
rie,  New  York,  from  1829  to  1831, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Post- 
office  Department. 

BOSS,  JOHN  L. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Rhode  Island,  from  1815 
to  1819. 

BOSSIER,  PETER  E. 

He  was  descended  from  an  old 
French  family  of  Louisiana,  and, 
after  serving  ten  years  in  the  State 
Senate,  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Twenty-eighth  Congress,  and 
died  in  Washington  before  the  ex 
piration  of  his  term,  April  24, 1844. 

BOTTS,  JOHN  M. 

Born  in  Dumfries,  Prince  Wil 
liam  County,  Virginia,  September 
16,  1802,  but  removed  with  his  fa 
ther  to  Fredericksburg,  and  subse 
quently  to  Richmond.  In  1811  he 
lost  his  parents,  at  the  conflagration 
of  the  Richmond  theatre,  and  was 
sent  to  a  boarding-school.  At  eigh 
teen  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
practiced  for  six  years,  and  then  re 
tired  to  a  farm  in  Henrico  County. 
He  served  in  the  Legislature,  from 
1833  to  1839,  when  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  and 


62 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


occupied  that  position  until  1843; 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirtieth  Con 
gress,  and  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affairs.  He 
afterwards  resumed  the  practice  of  j 
his  profession  in  Richmond,  where 
he  now  resides. 

BOUCK,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1831  to  1833, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Im 
prisonment  for  Debt. 

BOUDE,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1801 
to  1803. 

BOUDINOT,  ELIAS. 

Was  born  in  Philadelphia,  May 
2,  1740.  He  studied  the  law  and 
became  eminent  in  that  profession. 
At  an  early  period  of  the  revolu 
tionary  war,  he  was  appointed,  by 
Congress,  Commissary-General  of 
prisoners.  In  the  year  17 7 7  he  was 
chosen  a  member  of  Congress,  and 
in  1782,  was  made  President  of  that 
body.  After  the  adoption  of  the 
Constitution,  he  entered  the  House 
of  Representatives,  where  he  con 
tinued  for  six  years.  He  then  suc 
ceeded  Rittenhouse  as  Director  of 
the  Mint  of  the  United  States,  an 
office  which  he  resigned  in  the 
course  of  a  few  years,  and  lived 
from  that  time  at  Burlington,  New 
Jersey.  He  devoted  himself  ear 
nestly  to  Biblical  literature,  and,  be 
ing  possessed  of  an  ample  fortune, 


made  muniBcent  donations  to  va 
rious  charitable  and  theological  in 
stitutions.  The  American  Bible 
Society,  of  which  he  became  Presi 
dent,  was  particularly  an  object  of 
his  bounty.  He  died  in  1824. 

BOULDIN,  JAMES  W. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1833  to 
1839. 

BOULDIN,  THOMAS   T. 

He  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  Yirginia,  from  1829  to  1833, 
and  died  in  the  Capitol,  at  Wash 
ington,  February  11,  1834.  On  the 
day  preceding  his  death  he  was 
censured  by  a  colleague  for  omitting 
to  call  the  attention  of  the  House 
to  the  death  of  his  predecessor,  John 
Randolph ;  and  he  had  risen  to  re 
ply,  when  he  was  seized  witli  para 
lysis,  sank  down  into  a  chair,  and 
died  immediately.  Before  entering 
Congress,  he  had  been  a  lawyer  of 
high  rank,  and  an  able  and  upright 
judge,  and  highly  respected  for  his 
talents  and  integrity. 

BOULIGNY,   DOMINIQUE. 

He  was  born  in  Louisiana;  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  was  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1824  to  1829;  and  died  in 
1833. 

BOURNE,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  a  native  of  Bristol,  Rhode 
Island,  and  was  born  about  the  year 
1755,  and  educated  at  Harvard  Col 
lege,  where  he  graduated  in  1775. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


G3 


lie  was  conspicuous  for  talents  and  : 
learning,  and  spent  a  large  part  of  ! 
his  life  in  public  and  honorable  em 
ployments.     He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Rhode  Isl 
and,  from  1790  to   1796,  when  he  i 
resigned,  and  was  appointed  Judge 
of  the  United  States  District  Court  j 
of  Rhode  Island.     lie  died  Sep 
tember  17,  1808. 

liOURNE.  SHEARJASUB. 
He  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard 
College  in  1764  ;  was  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for 
Suffolk  County,  Massachusetts ;  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1791  to  1795.  He  died  in  1806. 

1JOVEE,  MATIIEW  J. 
He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  ; 
from  that  State,  from  1835  to  1837, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  War  Department. 

BOWDON,  FRANKLIN  W. 
Born  in  Alabama,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1846 
to  1851,  from  his  native  State.  In 
1852  he  removed  to  Texas,  and  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law. 
He  died  at  Henderson,  Texas,  June 
6,  1*57. 

BOWEN,  JOHN   II. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1813 
to  1815. 

BOWER,  GUSTAVUS  B. 
He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Missouri,  from  1843  to  1845. 


BOWERS,  JOHN  M. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1813 
to  1814. 

BOWIE,  RICHARD  I. 
He  was  born  in  Georgetown, 
District  of  Columbia,  June  23, 1807. 
He  received  a  classical  education, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  his 
nineteenth  year,  and,  subsequently, 
to  practice  in  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States.  In  1836  and 
1837  he  was  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Maryland;  in  1840  he  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Harrisburg  Con 
vention,  called  to  nominate  a  Presi 
dent;  and  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1849  to 
1853.  It  is  claimed  by  his  friends, 
that  he  made  the  first  speech  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  on  the 
Compromise  measures  of  1850. 

BOWIE,  THOMAS  F. 
Born  at  Queen  Ann,  Prince 
George's  County,  Maryland,  April 
7,  1808;  graduated,  in  1837,  at 
Union  College,  New  York ;  adopted 
the  profession  of  law ;  served  as 
Deputy  Attorney-General  for  Prince 
George's  County  sixteen  years; 
served  three  terms  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Maryland,  and  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Maryland, 
in  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty- 
fifth  Congresses.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

BOWIE,  WALTER. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1802  to 
1805. 


64 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


BOWLIN,  JAMES  B. 

Born  in  Spottsylvania  County, 
Virginia,  in  1804.  He  was  reared 
a  mechanic,  but  obtained  a  common 
school  education ;  and,  after  study 
ing  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
in  Greenbrier  County,  in  1827.  In 
1833  he  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Mis 
souri;  in  1834  was  appointed  chief 
clerk  of  the  State  House  of  Repre 
sentatives,  and  in  1835  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Legislature.  In 
183T  he  was  made  District  At 
torney  for  St.  Louis;  soon  after 
attorney  for  the  Bank  of  St.  Louis ; 
in  1839  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the 
Criminal  Court ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1843  to 
1851.  In  1858  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Buchanan,  Commis 
sioner  to  Paraguay. 

BOWNE,  OBADIAH. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

BOWNE,  SAMUEL  S. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1834,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1841  to  1843. 

BOYCE,  WILLIAM  AV. 

Born  in  Charleston,  South  Caro 
lina,  October  24,  1819,  and  was 
educated  at  the  South  Carolina 
College,  and  Virginia  University; 
he  is  a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  South 
Carolina,  and  has  been  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1853  to  the 


present  time,  and  he  is  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Elections.  His 
tastes  are  of  a  literary  character, 
and.  he  is  said  to  be  a  hard  stu 
dent.  He  has  been  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

BOYD,  ADAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1803 
to  1805,  and  again  from  1808  to 
1813. 

BOYD,  ALEXANDER. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1813 
to  1815. 

BOYD,  JOHN  H. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 
He  was  a  member,  in  1840,  of  the 
State  Assembly,  from  Washington 
County. 

BOYD,  LINN. 

Was  born  in  Nashville,  Tennes 
see,  November  22,  1800.  His  early 
advantages  were  limited,  but  on 
arriving  at  man's  estate  he  entered 
into  politics,  and  in  1827  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Ten 
nessee,  from  Calloway  County, 
serving  three  sessions,  and  in  1831 
was  re-elected  for  another  session, 
from  Trigg  County.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1835  to  1837,  from  1839  to  1847, 
and  again  from  1847  to  1855;  he 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Territories  during  the  Thirty-first 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


65 


Congress;  and  during  his  last  term 
in  Congress  occupied  the  chair  of 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre-  I 
sentatives.     During  his   career  in  | 
Congress  he  labored  faithfully  and 
constantly  for  his  constituents,  and 
retired  to  private  life  with  a  high 
reputation. 

BOYDKN,  NATHANIEL. 
Born  in  Franklin  Township,  Mas 
sachusetts,   August    16,  1796;   he 
graduated  at  Union  College,  New- 
York,  in  1820;   in  1821  removed 
to  North  Carolina.  There  he  taught 
school,  studied  law,  and  was  elected 
a  number  of  times  to  the   State  J 
Legislature.     He  was  in  Congress  ' 
as  a  Representative,  from  1847  to  ' 
1849,  and  was   a  member   of  the  ; 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  : 
Navy  Department;    he  declined  a  < 
re-election,  for  the  purpose  of  de 
voting  his  whole  attention  to  the 
practice  of  his  profession. 

BOYLE,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  liber 
ally  educated,  and  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession.  He  was  a  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Kentucky,  also 
Chief  Justice  of  the  State ;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1803  to  1809,  when  he  was  appoint 
ed  Governor  of  Illinois  Territory. 
He  was  a  distinguished  and  success 
ful  lawyer  and  able  judge,  and  died 
in  Kentucky,  January  28,  1834. 
During  the  eight  years  immediately 
preceding  his  death,  he  was  Judge 
of  the  United  States  District  Court 
for  Kentucky,  having  been  appoint 
ed  by  President  Adams. 


BRACE,  JONATHAN. 

He  was  born  in  Harrington,  Con 
necticut,  November  12,  1754,  and 
died  at  Hartford,  Connecticut,  Au 
gust  26,  1837.  He  was  a  graduate 
of  Yale  College  in  1779,  and  was 
elected  a  Judge  of  Probate,  Chief 
Judge  of  the  Hartford  County 
Court,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1798  to  1800.  He 
was  also  frequently  in  the  State  Le 
gislature,  at  one  time  States'  Attor 
ney  for  Hartford  County,  and  for 
nine  years  Mayor  of  Hartford. 

BRADBURY,  GEORGE. 
Was  born  in  Putland,  then  called 
Falmouth,  Massachusetts,  in  1770. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1789,  and  immediately  commenced 
the  study  of  law.  He  established 
himself  in  the  practice  at  Putland. 
In  1812  he  was  chosen  to  represent 
the  Cumberland  District  in  Con 
gress,  as  successor  to  William  Wid- 
gery,  whose  vote  on,  and  support  of 
war  measures,  rendered  him  un 
popular  with  his  constituents.  Mr. 
Bradbury  received  the  approbation 
of  a  second  election  in  1814.  After 
this  service  he  returned  to  his  pro 
fession,  which  he  pursued  to  the 
time  of  his  death,  which  took  place 
November  27,  1823. 

BRADBURY,  JOHN  W. 
He  was  born  in  Maine ;  gradu 
ated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1825  ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law ;  and 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Maine,  from  1847  to  1853,  serving 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Printing. 


66 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


BRADBURY,  THEOPHILUS. 

Was  born  in  that  portion  of  Xew- 
bury,  now  Newburyport,  in  1739. 
Having  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  he 
then  studied  law,  and  practiced  in 
Falrnouth,  Maine,  until  17*79,  when 
he  returned  to  his  native  town. 
After  filling  several  local  offices,  he 
was  chosen  to  represent  the  Essex 
District  in  Congress,  from  1795  to 
1797.  About  six  years  before  his 
death,  which  occurred  September  6, 
1803,  he  was  appointed  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Massachu 
setts. 

BRADFORD,  WILLIAM. 

Was  born  at  Plymton,  Massachu 
setts,  November  4,  1729.  He  stu 
died  medicine,  and  established  him 
self  in  practice  at  Warren,  Rhode 
Island,  but  afterwards  removed  to 
Bristol.  He  then  turned  his  atten 
tion  to  the  law,  and  became  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  civilians  of 
the  State.  He  took  an  active  part 
in  the  cause  of  his  country  during 
the  Revolution,  and  afterwards  held 
many  important  stations.  He  was 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  State, 
and  a  member  of  the  United  States 
Senate,  from  1793  to  1797.  He 
died  July  6,  1808. 

BRADLEY,  STEPHEN  R. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1775. 
He  was  a  general  of  militia,  the  in 
timate  friend  of  General  Ethan  Al 
len,  and  the  aid  of  General  Wooster 


when  that  officer  fell  in  a  skirmish 
with  the  enemy.  He  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  and  the  first  Senator 
from  Vermont  in  the  Congress  of 
the  United  States,  serving  from 
1791  to  1795,  and  from  1801  to 
1813  ;  a  man  of  eminent  ability,  but 
of  eccentric  habits ;  and  died  in  New 
Hampshire,  December  16,  1830, 
aged  seventy-six  years. 


BRADLEY,  WILLIAM  C. 

Born  at  Westminster,  Vermont, 
March  23,  1782.  He  entered  Yale 
College,  and  was  compelled  to  leave 
when  a  freshman,  in  179G,  and  yet 
in  1817,  the  Corporation  of  the  In 
stitution  surprised  him  with  the  de 
gree  of  M.  A.  He  studied  law  with 
his  father,  Stephen  R.  Bradley,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1802. 
The  public  positions  held  by  him 
are  as  follows: — From  1800  to 
1803,  Secretary  of  Commissioners 
of  Bankruptcy ;  from  1804  to  1811, 
States  Attorney  for  Windham  Coun 
ty,  and  part  of  this  period  Clerk  of 
Westminster ;  in  1806-7,  Repre 
sentative  in  the  State  Legislature  ; 
in  1812,  member  of  the  State  Coun 
cil  ;  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1813  to  1815  ;  from  1817  to 
1822,  agent  of  the  United  States 
under  the  Treaty  of  Ghent ;  again 
in  Congress,  from  1823  to  1827  ;  in 
1850  again  in  the  State  Legislature ; 
in  1856  a  Presidential  Elector;  in 
1857  a  member  of  the  State  Consti 
tutional  Convention ;  and  in  1858 
took  formal  leave  of  the  bar,  at 
which  he  had  practiced  for  fifty-four 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


67 


years,  conferring  honor  upon  his  na 
tive  State,  and  winning  a  spotless 
reputation  as  a  man. 

BRADSUAW,  SAMUEL  C. 

lie  was  horn  in  Plumstead  Town 
ship,  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania, 
June  10,  1809  ;  received  a  common 
school  education ;  studied  medicine, 
and  graduated  at  the  Pennsylvania 
Medical  College  in  1833  ;  and  was 
a  Representative,  from  his  native 
State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

BRADY,  JASPER  E. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

BRAGG,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Alabama,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

BRANCH,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Halifax  County,  North 
Carolina,  November  4,  1782  ;  gra 
duated  at  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  in  1801 ;  studied  and  prac 
ticed  law;  in  1811  was  elected  a 
State  Senator ;  re-elected  every 
year  until  1817;  was  then  elected 
Governor  of  the  State;  again  en 
tered  the  State  Senate  in  1822; 
served  in  the  United  States  Senate 
from  1823  to  1829;  and  was  in  the 
latter  year  appointed  Secretary  of 
the  Navy  by  President  Jackson. 
On  his  return  home  from  Washing 
ton,  in  1831,  he  was  elected  to  a  seat 


in  Congress  as  Representative  ;  in 
1834  was  again  elected  to  the  State 
Senate;  in  1835  elected  a  member 
of  the  Convention  to  revise  the 
State  Constitution ;  and  in  1843 
was  appointed  Governor  of  the 
Territory  of  Florida,  after  which  he 
retired  to  private  life,  to  enjoy  in 
peace  the  love  and  respect  of  his 
many  friends. 

BRANCH,  LAWRENCE  0.  B. 

Born  in  North  Carolina  in  1820; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1838  ;  is  a  lawyer  by  profession  ; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative 
from  North  Carolina  in  the  Thirty- 
fourth,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Territories. 

BRAYTON,  WILLIAM  D. 

He  was  born  in  Warwick,  Kent 
County,  Rhode  Island,  November 
f>,  1815.  He  was  educated  at 
Brown  University,  and  ill  health 
preventing  him  from  following  a  se 
dentary  profession,  he  entered  into 
active  mercantile  pursuits  ;  he  held 
the  position  for  some  time  of  town 
clerk;  was  elected  in  1841  to  the 
State  Assembly,  serving  two  terms ; 
after  serving  for  two  years  in  the 
Town  Councils,  part  of  the  time  as 
president,  he  was  in  1848  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  ;  again  elected  to 
the  State  Assembly  in  1851 ;  elect 
ed  a  second  time  to  the  Senate  in 
1855  ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1856  ;  and  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  on  Patents. 


68 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


BRECK,  DANIEL. 

He  was  born  near  Boston,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1188;  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1812  ;  he  stu 
died  law,  and,  removing  to  Ken 
tucky  in  1814,  soon  after  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession  there ; 
his  first  public  position  in  Kentucky 
was  that  of  judge  of  a  county  court; 
in  1824  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  re-elected  five 
years;  from  1835  until  1843  he  was 
President  of  the  Branch  Bank  of 
Kentucky,  at  Richmond;  in  1840 
he  was  a  Presidential  Elector;  in 
1843  he  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Kentucky ; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1849  to  1851,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Manufactures.  The  degree  of  LL.D. 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  the 
Transylvania  University  in  1843, 
and  he  has  attained  the  title  of 
colonel  in  the  militia  service.  After 
leaving  Congress,  he  resumed  the 
office  of  bank  president. 

BRECK,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1823 
to  1825,  of  which  State  he  was  a 
native. 

BRECKENRIDGE,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Yirginia,  from  1809  to 
1817. 

BRECKENRIDGE,  JAMES  D. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  j 


from  that  State,  from  1821  to  1823. 
He  died  at  Louisville,  May,  1849. 

BRECKENRIDGE,  JOHN. 

Was  a  Virginian  by  birth,  and 
the  author  and  advocate  of  the  cele 
brated  "Resolutions  of  1788-89" 
in  the  Legislature  of  that  State. 
Emigrating  to  Kentucky,  he  was 
elected  United  States  Senator  in 
1801,  and  was  appointed  Attorney- 
General  of  the  United  States  by 
President  Jefferson  in,  January, 
1805,  holding  the  office  until  Janu 
ary,  1806.  One  of  his  sons,  Robert 
C.  Breckenridge,  is  a  distinguished 
Presbyterian  divine ;  another,  John 
Cabell  Breckenridge,  was  an  emi 
nent  lawyer,  and  the  father  of  Yice- 
President  Breckenridge.  He  died 
at  Lexington,  Kentucky,  December 
14,  1806. 

BRECKENRIDGE,  JOHN  C. 

He  was  born  near  Lexington, 
Kentucky,  January  21,  1821;  was 
educated  at  Centre  College,  Ken 
tucky  ;  commenced  active  life  by 
teaching  school ;  studied  law  at  the 
Transylvania  Institute,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  at  Lexington. 
He  emigrated  to  Burlington,  Iowa, 
where  he  remained  for  a  time,  but 
returned  to  Lexington,  where  he 
has  since  resided,  and  when  not  en 
gaged  in  public  duties  has  practiced 
his  profession  with  success.  He 
served  as  a  major  of  infantry  during 
the  war  with  Mexico,  and  while  in 
that  country  distinguished  himself 
as  the  counsel  of  Major-General 
Pillow  at  the  famous  court-martial. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


69 


On  his  return  from  Mexico  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  the  Ashland  District, 
from  1851  to  1855.  He  was  elected 
Vice-President  of  the  United  States 
in  185G  on  the  ticket  with  James 
Buchanan,  and  entered  upon  the  | 
duties  of  his  office  in  March,  1857. 
By  virtue  of  his  office,  he  is  the 
President  of  the  United  States  Se 
nate.  During  his  administration 
President  Pierce  tendered  to  him 
the  mission  to  Spain,  but  family  j 
affairs  compelled  him  to  decline  the 
honor. 

BREESE,    SIDNEY. 

He  was  born  in  Whitesborough, 
Oneida  County,  New  York,  July 
15,  1800.  He  attended  Hamilton 
College,  but  graduated  at  Union 
College ;  he  removed  to  Illinois, 
and  after  due  preparation,  and  be 
fore  becoming  of  age,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  ;  his  Grst  public  position 
was  that  of  captain  of  militia,  after 
which  he  became  Assistant  Secre 
tary  of  State  under  Secretary  Kane, 
and  was  appointed  postmaster  of 
Kaskaskia.  In  1822  he  was  ap 
pointed  State  Attorney,  which  office 
he  held  until  1827,  when  he  was 
appointed  Attorney  of  the  United  ' 
States  for  Illinois.  In  1829  he 
published  a  volume  of  decisions  of 
the  Supreme  Court,  which  now 
bears  his  name,  and  was  the  first 
octavo  volume  published  in  the 
State;  he  served  in  the  Black  Hawk 
war  as  a  lieutenant  of  volunteers. 
In  1835  he  was  elected  a  circuit 


judge;  he  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Illinois,  from  1843  to 
1849,  and  officiated  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Public  Lands ; 
he  was  a  regent  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution  during  President  Polk's 
administration.  In  1850  he  went 
into  the  Illinois  Legislature  and 
was  elected  Speaker;  he  was  one 
of  the  originators  of  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad.  In  1855  he  was 
again  placed  upon  the  Circuit  Court 
bench,  and  having  been  made  Chief 
Judge,  still  holds  the  position. 

BRENGLE,  FRANCIS. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845, 
and  was  elected  in  1858  President 
of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal 
Company. 

BRENT,  RICHARD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1795  to 
1799,  and  again  from  1801  to  1803  ; 
and  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
1809  to  1814.  He  died  December 
30,  1814. 

BRENT,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Louisiana,  from  1823 
to  1829. 

BRENTON,   SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  native  of  Gallatin 
County,  Kentucky  ;  was  a  minister 
of  the  gospel  from  the  age  of 
twenty  until  1848,  when,  stricken 
by  paralysis,  he  resigned,  and  was 


70 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


appointed  Register  of  the  Fort 
Wayne  Land  Office.  He  was  elected 
to  Congress  in  1851,  and  again  in 
1855.  He  was  also  President  of 
the  Fort  Wayne  College.  He  died 
March  29,  1857,  aged  forty-eight 
years. 

BREVARD,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Iredell  County, 
North  Carolina,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1819  to  1821. 

BREWSTER,  DAVID  P. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1843. 

BRIDGES,  SAMUEL  A. 

He  was  born  in  Colchester,  Con 
necticut,  January  27, 1802 ;  received 
an  academic  education,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Williamstown  College  in 
1826;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1829  ;  in  1830  he 
removed  to  Pennsylvania ;  was  for 
seven  years  Deputy  Attorney-Gene 
ral  of  the  State  for  Lehigh  County; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1848  to  1849,  and  from  1853  to 
1855. 

BRIGGS,  GEORGE. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1853. 

BRIGGS,  GEORGE  N. 

He  was  born  in  Andover,  Berk 
shire  County,  Massachusetts,  April 
12,  1796  ;  commenced  life  by  learn 


ing  the  trade  of  a  hatter ;  spent 
one  year  in  an  academy ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1818 ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1831  to  1843,  offi 
ciating  during  the  Twenty-seventh 
Congress  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Post-office,  and  in 
1843  was  Governor  of  Massachu 
setts. 

BRIGHAM,  ELIJAH. 

He  was  a  native  of  Northborough, 
Massachusetts  ;  a  graduate  of  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1778;  studied 
law  at  Harvard ;  was  a  merchant 
by  occupation  ;  held  many  positions 
of  trust  and  responsibility ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1811  to  1816. 
He  died  in  Washington  City,  of 
croup,  April  22,  1816,  aged  sixty- 
six  years. 

BRIGHT,  JESSE  D. 

Born  at  Norwich,  Chenango  Co., 

New   York,  December   18,   1812; 

received  an  academic  education,  and 

studied  law  as  a  profession.     He 

was  Circuit  Judge  of  Indiana,  State 

Senator,    Marshal    of   the   United 

States  for  the  District  of  Indiana, 

and   Lieutenant-Governor   of  that 

State.     He  was   a   United  States 

Senator  from    1845  to  1857,  and 

!   President    of    the    Senate    during 

1   several   sessions.     He  was  elected 

!   for  an  additional  term  in  1857,  and 

i  is  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 

I   Public  Buildings  and  Grounds,  and 

a  member  of  the   Committees   on 

i   Finance  and  the  Pacific  Railroad. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


71 


BRINKERHOFF,  HENRY  R. 
He  was  born  in  Adams  County, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1788,  and  emi 
grated  nt  an  early  period  to  New 
York.  During  the  last  war  with 
England  he  served  in  command  of 
a  volunteer  company,  and  distin 
guished  himself  at  the  battle  of 
Queenstown.  In  1837  he  removed 
to  Ohio,  and  was  elected  to  Con 
gress,  as  Representative  from  that 
State,  in  1843,  but  died  before  the 
expiration  of  his  term,  in  Huron 
County,  Ohio,  April  30,  1844. 

BRINKERHOFF,  JACOB. 
He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1843  to  1847. 

BROADIIEAD,  JOHN  C. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1831 
to  1833,  and  again  from  1837  to 
1839. 

BROCKENBROUGH,  WILLIAM  H. 
Born  in  1813  ;  he  originally  went 
to  Florida  for  the  benefit  of  his 
health,  which  during  his  residence 
there  was  a  continual  depression 
upon  his  physical  and  mental  ener 
gies.  He,  however,  held  no  undistin 
guished  position  as  a  citizen,  having 
been,  under  the  Territorial  govern 
ment,  a  Senator  from  the  Western 
District,  and  at  one  time  President 
of  the  Senate,  also  United  States 
District  Attorney,  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress  from  1845  to 
1847.  He  died  in  Tallahassee, 
Florida,  June,  1850,  of  pulmonary 
consumption. 


BROCKWAY,  JOHN  H. 

Born  iu  Ellington,  Connecticut ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1820 ; 
he  commenced  active  life  by  teach 
ing  the  academy  at  East  Windsor 
Hill ;  he  studied  law,  and  has  been 
devoted  to  the  practice  of  the  pro 
fession  ever  since.  He  has  fre 
quently  served  in  the  two  Houses  of 
the  State  Legislature,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from 
1839  to  1843. 

BRODERICK,  D.  C. 

He  is  a  Senator  of  the  United 

i   States,  from  California,  having  taken 

I   his  seat  during  the  second  session 

of  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and 

is  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 

Public  Lands  and  Military  Affairs. 

BRODHEAD,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  minister  of  the  Metho 
dist  Episcopal  Church  for  forty-four 
years,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1829  to  1833.  He  died  at  New 
Market,  New  Hampshire,  April  7, 
1838,  aged  sixty-seven  years. 

BRODHEAD,  RICHARD. 

He  is  a  native  of  Pike  County, 
Pennsylvania;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1843  to  1849, 
and  a  Senator  of  the  United  States 
from  1851  to  1857,  from  Pennsyl 
vania. 

BRONSON,  DAVID. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Norridgewock,  Maine,  from 
1841  to  1843,  and  served  as  a  mem- 


72 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ber  of  the   Committee  on   Public 
Lands. 

BRONSON,  ISAAC  H. 

Born  in  Rutland,  New  York,  Oc 
tober  16,  1802,  and  died  at  Pilatka, 
Florida,  August  13, 1855.  He  was 
educated  for  the  bar,  and  admitted 
to  practice  in  1822;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1837  to  1839,  officiating 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Territories,  when  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  Territorial  Judges  of 
Florida,  and  from  that  time  until 
his  death  he  served  continually  on 
the  Bench, — at  the  time  of  his  death 
being  District  Judge  of  the  United 
States  for  Northern  Florida. 

BROOKE,  WALTER. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Mississippi,  from  1852  to  1853. 

BROOKS,  DAVID. 

He  was  for  six  years  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Assembly,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  May,  1797,  to  July, 
1797. 

BROOKS,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Portland,  Maine, 
November  10,  1810.  When  only 
eleven  years  old  he  became  a  clerk 
in  a  store;  when  sixteen,  was  a 
school  teacher,  and,  at  the  age  of 
nearly  twenty-one,  he  graduated  at 
the  Water ville  College.  He  has 
been  an  extensive  traveler,  both  in 
this  country  and  Europe,  and  has 
published  a  large  number  of  letters 
descriptive  of  his  tours.  In  1835 


he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
Maine ;  in  1836  he  established  the 
New  York  Daily  Express,  of  which 
he  has  since  been  the  chief  editor 
and  proprietor ;  in  1847  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Legislature;  and  from  1849  to  1853 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  the  City  of  New  York, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Lands. 

BROOKS,  MICAH. 

He  was  born  in  Cheshire,  Con 
necticut,  in  1775;  was  educated  by 
his  father,  with  whom  he  removed 
to  Western  New  York,  and  where 
he  taught  school.  He  settled  on  a 
farm,  but  was  a  justice  of  the  peace 
in  1806,  and  for  twenty  years  there 
after  he  was  a  county  judge.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  As 
sembly  in  1808  and  1809;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1815  to  1817;  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1821;  and  a  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1824.  He  died 
in  Livingston  County,  New  York, 
early  in  July,  1857. 

BROOKS,  PRESTON  S. 

He  was  born  in  Edgefield  District, 
South  Carolina,  in  August,  1819; 
graduated  at  the  South  Carolina 
College  in  1839;  studied  law;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1843,  and 
was  a  State  Representative  in  1844. 
In  1846  he  raised  a  company  of 
volunteers,  was  made  captain,  and 
served  in  the  Palmetto  Regiment 
during  most  of  the  Mexican  war. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


73 


After  the  war  he  devoted  himself  to 
planting.  He  was  elected  to  Con 
gress  in  1853,  and  again  in  1855. 
In  1856  he  made  a  personal  assault 
upon  Charles  Suinner,  in  the  United 
States  Senate  Chamber,  which  event 
caused  much  excitement  throughout 
the  country.  The  attack  was  caused 
by  words  uttered  in  debate  by  Se 
nator  Suinner  against  Senator  But 
ler,  who  was  Mr.  Brooks's  relative. 
Mr.  Brooks  died  in  Washington, 
District  of  Columbia,  January  27, 
1857,  of  acute  inflammation  of  the 
throat, — leaving  behind  him  many 
warm  personal  friends. 

BROOM,  JACOB. 

He  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Mary 
land,  July  25,  1808;  received  a 
classical  education ;  on  removing  to 
Pennsylvania,  was  appointed,  in 
1840,  Deputy  Auditor  of  that  State; 
in  1849  he  was  elected  Clerk  of  the 
Orphans'  Court  for  the  City  and 
County  of  Philadelphia;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

BROOME,  JAMES  M. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Delaware,  from  1805  to 
1807. 

BROWN,  AARON  V. 

Born  in  Brunswick  County,  Vir 
ginia,  August  15,  1795.  He  gra 
duated  at  Chapel  Hill  University  in 
1814,  and  in  1815  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Tennessee,  where  he  de 
voted  himself  to  the  study  of  law ; 


and  when  admitted  to  practice,  be 
came  a  partner  of  the  late  James  K. 
Polk,  in  Giles  County,  serving  in 
the  mean  time  for  a  number  of  years 
in  the  Legislature  of  Tennessee.  In 
1839  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
Congress,  and  re-elected  in  1841 
and  1843.  On  his  retirement  from 
Congress,  in  1845,  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  Tennessee  ;  and  he  has 
at  all  times  been  considered  one  of 
the  most  faithful  and  industrious 
leaders  of  the  Democratic  party  in 
Tennessee.  His  present  position  is 
that  of  Postmaster-General  in  the 
cabinet  of  President  Buchanan. 
Among  the  measures  which  have 
marked  his  administration  of  our 
postal  affairs  may  be  mentioned  the 
establishment  of  a  new  and  shorter 
oceanic  communication  to  Califor 
nia,  by  Tehuantepec,  of  the  great 
overland  mail  from  Memphis  and 
St.  Louis  to  San  Francisco,  and  an 
other,  across  the  continent,  by  the 
\  way  of  Salt  Lake.  His  speeches, 
i  Congressional  and  political,  were 
!  published  at  Nashville,  in  1854,  in  a 
handsome  volume  of  seven  hundred 
pages. 

BROWN,  ALBERT  G. 

He  was  born  in  Chester  District, 
South  Carolina,  May  31,  1813; 
adopted  the  law  as  a  profession; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature  from  1835  to  1839 ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Mississippi,  in  1840  and  1841.  He 
was  also  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Superior  Court,  in  1852  and  1853; 
Governor  of  Mississippi,  from  1844 


74 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


to  1848 ;  was  again  elected  a  Repre-  | 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1848  to  ! 
1854  ;  was  elected  a  United  States  I 
Senator,  from  1854  to  1858;  and  j 
re-elected  for  six  years,  commencing  | 
March  4,  1859.     He  is  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  the  District  of 
Columbia,   and   a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs,  and 
that  of  Enrolled  Bills. 

BROWN,  ANSON. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  during  the  years 
1839  and  1840,  and  died  at  Balls- 
ton,  New  York,  in  June,  1840, 
much  respected  for  his  character 
and  acquirements. 

BROWN,  BEDFORD. 

Born  in  Caswell  County,  North 
Carolina,  in  1795;  was  elected  to 
the  House  of  Commons,  of  that 
State,  in  1815,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  many  years ;  and  was  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1829  to  1841,  officiating  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Ag 
riculture  during  several  sessions. 
He  was  subsequently  elected  to  the 
General  Assembly,  and  at  the  end  of 
his  term  retired  to  private  life. 

BROWN,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
gress,from  Massachusetts,from  1815 
to  1817. 

BROWN,   CHARLES. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 


gress,  from  that  State,  from  1841  to 
1843,  and  again  from  1847  to  1849. 

BROWN,  ELIAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1829  to 
1831. 

BROWN,  ETHAN  A. 

He  was  Governor  of  Ohio,  from 

1818  to    1822,  and  from   1822  to 
1825  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Judiciary  Committee. 

BROWN,  GEORGE  H. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1828  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1851  to  1853. 

BROWN,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  Octo 
ber,  1766  ;  studied  law;  settled  first 
in  Tennessee,  at  Natchez  ;  and  was 
appointed,  by  President  Jefferson, 
Secretary  of  the  Territory  of  Loui 
siana,  after  its  acquisition.  This  led 
him  to  New  Orleans,  which  became 
his  home.  He  was  appointed  Uni 
ted  States  Attorney  for  the  District 
of  Louisiana,  and  rose  to  a  high 
rank  at  the  bar.  He  was  chosen  to 
the  United  States  Senate,  and  served 
from  1812  to  1817,  and  again  from 

1819  to  1824,  officiating  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign 
Relations,  and  was  appointed  Min 
ister  Plenipotentiary  to  France.  He 
remained  five  years  abroad,  and  sub 
sequently  settled   in   Philadelphia, 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


75 


where  he  died  of  apoplexy,  April  7, 
1835. 

BROWN,  JEREMIAH. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1841  to 
1845. 

BROWN,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Kepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Rhode  Island,  from 
1799  to  1801. 

BROWN,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1809 
to  1810. 

BROWN,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1821 
to  1825. 

BROWN,  JOHN  W. 

He  was  born  in  Scotland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Orange  County,  New  York, 
from  1833  to  1837,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committees  on  Invalid 
Pensions,  Territories,  and  Expen 
ditures  on  Public  Buildings. 

BROWN,  MILTON. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  on  tak 
ing  up  his  residence  in  Tennessee, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1841  to 
1847. 

BROWN,    ROBERT. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1798 
to  1815. 


BROWN,   TITUS. 

He  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  Hampshire, 
from  1825  to  1829,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  the  Me 
morial  of  the  Legislature  of  Ten 
nessee. 

BROWN,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Frederick  County, 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Kentucky,  from 
1819  to  1823. 

BROWN,  WILLIAM  G. 

He  was  born  in  Preston  County, 
Virginia,  September  25,  1801 ;  he 
received  a  good  English  Education ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1823 ;  in  1832  he  was 
elected  to  the  Assembly  of  Virgi 
nia;  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Virginia,  from  1845 
to  1849 ;  and  in  1850  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Convention  of  Virgi 
nia,  since  which  time  he  has  been 
wholly  devoted  to  his  profession. 

BROWN,  WILLIAM  J. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1805. 
He  emigrated  to  Indiana  in  1821, 
and  was  at  one  time  Secretary  of 
State  for  Indiana,  and  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  ;  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1843  to 
1845,  and  again  from  1849  to  1851 ; 
he  was  also  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General,  under  President  Polk; 
editor  of  the  Indiana  Sentinel; 
State  Librarian  of  Indiana;  and, 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  special 
agent  of  the  Post-office  Depart- 


76 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ment  for  Indiana  and,  Illinois.     He 
died  near  Indianapolis,  March  18, 

1857. 

BROAVNE,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Yirginia,  from  1789  to 
1793. 

BROWNE,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  1757,  and  died 
at  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  August  28, 
1837.  He  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1792  to  1805. 

BRUCE,  PHINEAS. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1786  ;  and  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1803  to  1805. 

BRUSH,  HENRY. 

He  was  born  in  Dutchess  County, 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1819  to  1821. 

BRUYN,  ANDREW  D.  W. 

Born   in    New  York,   and   was  j 
elected   a   Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837 
to  1838,  and  died  at  Ithaca  in  July, 
1838. 

BRYAN,  GEORGE  M. 

Was  born  in  Missouri,  June  12, 
1821 ;  bore  a  part  in  the  military 
campaign  of  Texas  in  1836 ;  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education  and  stu 
died  law;  in  1846  he  went  to  the 
Rio  Grande,  under  General  Taylor; 
in  1847  was  elected  to  the  Texas 


Legislature,  and  served  in  the 
House  and  Senate  seven  years ; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Texas,  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Agriculture. 

BRYAN,   HENRY  H. 

Born  in  Martin  County,  North 
Carolina,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from 
1819  to  1823,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Private  Land 
Claims.  He  died  in  Montgomery 
County,  of  that  State,  in  May,  1835. 

BRYAN,  JOHN  H. 

He  was  born  in  Newbern  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  1798  ;  and  gra 
duated  at  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  in  1815.  He  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession ;  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  State  Legislature  ;  and 
was  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
1825  to  1827,  and  again  from  1815 
to  1819. 

BRYAN,  JOSEPH. 
He  was  elected  a  Representative 
in    Congress,   from   Georgia,  from 
1803  to  1806. 

BRYAN,  NATHAN. 

Born  in  Jones  County,  North 
Carolina,  and  in  1791,  represented 
that  county  in  the  House  of  Com 
mons.  He  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  from  1795  to  1798,  and  died 
at  Philadelphia,  during  the  latter 
year.  He  was  a  prominent  man 
among  the  Baptists,  and  a  most 
exemplary  Christian. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


77 


RUCHANAN,    ANDREW. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1835 
to  1839. 

BUCHANAN,  JAMES. 
Born  in  Franklin  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  November  13,1791.  After 
a  regular  course  of  classical  educa 
tion,  he  studied  and  practiced  law 
in   Lancaster,    Pennsylvania.      In 
1814  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,   and 
re-elected  the  next  year.     In  1821 
he  entered  Congress,  as  a  Repre 
sentative  from  the  Lancaster  Dis 
trict,  where  he  continued  until  1831,  '. 
when  he  declined  a  re-election.     In 
1832  he  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Russia,  by  President  Jackson,  and 
on  his  return  from  that  mission  in 
1834,  he  was  elected  by  the  Penn 
sylvania  Legislature  to  the  Senate 
of  the  United  States,  to   fill  the 
unexpired   term   of  William   Wil- 
kins,  who  had  resigned.     He  was 
re-elected   in    1837,  and   again   in 
1843.     In  1845  he  resigned  his  seat 
in  the  Senate,  and  became  Secretary 
of  State,  and  the  head  of  the  cabi 
net   of  President   Polk.      At  the 
close  of  that  eventful   administra 
tion,  he  retired  to  private  life  at 
his  residence  of  "  Wheatland,"  near 
Lancaster ;  but  he  was  summoned 
again  to  the  public  service  in  1853, 
when  he  accepted  the  appointment 
from  President  Pierce,  of  Minister 
of  the  United  States  to  the  Court 
of   St.  James.      Having  resigned 
this  office,  he  returned  home  in  1856, 


and  in  the  summer  of  that  year  re 
ceived  the  Democratic  nomination 
for  President  of  the  United  States. 
In  the  following  November,  he  was 
elected  to  that  position,  and  in 
March,  1857,  he  entered  upon  its 
duties. 

BUCHER,  JOHN  C. 

He  was  for  many  years  a  Judge 
of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Pennsyl 
vania;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1831 
to  1833;  and  died  in  Harrisburg, 
Pennsylvania,  October  2G,  1851. 

BUCK,  DANIEL. 

He  was  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in 
Vermont,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1795  to  1797,  and  died  in  1817. 
He  was  the  father  of  the  Hon. 
Daniel  A.  A.  Buck. 

BUCK,  DANIEL  AZRO  A. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont  in  1789  ; 
graduated  at  Middlebury  College  in 
1807,  and  also  at  the  West  Point 
Military  Academy  in  1808,  when 
he  entered  the  army.  He  resigned 
his  commission  in  1811;  was  re- 
appointed,  as  a  captain  in  the 
army,  in  1813,  but  finally  left  the 
military  profession  in  1815.  He 
then  established  himself  as  a  lawyer 
at  Chelsea,  Vermont,  and  was  for 
fourteen  years  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  officiating  about 
half  of  that  time  as  Speaker  of  the 
Lower  House.  He  filled  the  office  of 
State  Attorney  for  Orange  County, 


78 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


for  six  years ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Vermont,  from 
1823  to  1825,  and  again  from  1827 
to  1829 ;  and  was  subsequently  con 
nected  with  the  Indian  Bureau  of 
the  War  Department  in  Washing 
ton,  where  he  died  December,  24, 
1841. 

BUCKNER,  ALEXANDER. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Missouri,  from  1831  to  1833, 
and  died  in  May,  1833.  His  term 
would  have  expired  in  1837.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Committees 
on  Pensions  and  on  Engrossed  Bills. 

BUCKNER,  AYLETT. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

BUCKNER,  RICHARD  A. 

Born  in  1763;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky, 
from  1823  to  1829,  and  died  at  his 
residence  in  Grreensburg,  Kentucky, 
December  8,  1847. 

BUEL,  ALEXANDER  H. 

He  was  a  prominent  and  success 
ful  merchant,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1850  until  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Washington  City, 
January  30,  1853. 

BUEL,  ALEXANDER  W. 

Born  in  Rutland  County,  Ver 
mont,  in  1813  ;  graduated  at  the 
Vermont  University,  in  1831; 
taught  school  for  several  years  in 


Vermont  and  New  York,  during 
which  period  he  prepared  himself 
for  the  practice  of  the  law  ;  in  1834 
he  took  up  his  residence  in  Michi 
gan  ;  in  1836  was  Attorney  for  the 
City  of  Detroit ;  in  1837  was  elect 
ed  to  the  State  Legislature ;  in 
1843  and  1844  was  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  Wayne  County ;  in 
1847  was  again  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature  ;  and  from  1849  to  1851 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Michigan,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Af 
fairs. 

BUFFINGTON,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1847. 

BUFFINTON,  JAMES. 

Born  in  Fall  River,  Massachu 
setts,  on  the  16th  of  March,  1817  ; 
was  a  merchant  by  occupation ; 
Mayor  of  the  City  of  Fall  River  in 
the  years  1854  and  1855  ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Mas 
sachusetts,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Military  Affairs.  He  has 
also  been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress. 

BUFFUM,  JOSEPH,  JR. 

He  was  born  in  Fitchburg,  Mas 
sachusetts  ;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College,  in  1806  ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1819  to  1821,  and 
a  member  of  the  Committees  011  Ex- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


79 


penditures  in  the  Navy  Department, 
and  on  Public  Buildings. 

BUGG,  ROBERT  M. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1853  to  1855. 

BULL,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Missouri,  from  1833  to 
1835. 

BULLARD,  HENRY  ADAMS. 

Born  in  Groton,  Massachusetts, 
September  9,  1788;  was  educated 
at  Harvard  University,  and  gradu 
ated  in  1807.  He  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession,  but  his  knowledge  of  the 
modern  languages  brought  him  in 
contact  with  General  Toledo,  in 
Philadelphia,  who  was  organizing 
an  expedition  to  revolutionize  New 
Mexico.  He  joined  him  as  his  aid 
and  military  secretary,  and  spent 
the  winter  of  1812  with  him  at 
Nashville,  and  accompanied  him 
into  New  Mexico  in  the  spring. 
They  were  defeated  in  a  pitched 
battle  by  the  royal  troops  at  San 
Antonio,  and  suffered  severe  hard 
ships,  but  he  managed  to  reach  Na- 
chitoches,  and  there  remained  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession.  In  1822  he  was  elected  to 
a  seat  on  the  District  Court  Bench, 
and  performed  its  duties  for  several 
years.  In  1831  was  chosen  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  and  served 
till  1834  ;  he  was  then  elevated  to 
the  Supreme  Bench  of  Louisiana, 
and  filled  the  office  until  184C,  with 


the  exception  of  a  few  months  in 
1839,  when  he  acted  as  Secretary 
of  State.  He  then  removed  to  New 
Orleans.  In  1847  was  appointed 
Professor  of  the  Civil  Law  in  the 
Law  School  of  Louisiana,  and  de 
livered  two  courses  of  lectures.  In 
1850  he  was  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture,  and  a  few  weeks  after  was 
chosen  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  Congress, 
occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  C. 
M.  Conrad,  and  served  again  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  one  year. 
On  his  return  journey  homeward  he 
was  prostrated  by  fatigue  and  expo 
sure  ;  he  lingered  three  weeks,  and 
died  in  New  Orleans,  April  17, 
1851. 

BULLOCH,  WILLIAM  13. 

Born  in  Georgia  in  1776 ;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession  ;  being  a  pro 
minent  member  of  the  bar  as  early 
as  1800.  In  1809  he  was  Mayor 
of  Savannah,  and  subsequently  Col 
lector  of  that  port.  He  was  United 
States  Senator  in  1813;  and  in  1816 
was  chosen  President  of  the  Bank 
of  Georgia,  of  which  he  was  one  of 
the  founders,  and  held  the  office 
twenty-seven  years.  He  died  in 
Savannah,  Georgia,  March  6,  1852. 

BULLOCK,  STEPHEN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1797  to  1799. 

BULLOCK,  WINGFIELD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  during  th'e 
years  1820  and  1821. 


80 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


BUNCH,  SAMUEL. 

Was  born  in  1786.  He  com 
manded  a  regiment  in  the  Indian 
war,  under  General  Andrew  Jack 
son,  and  in  the  charge  of  the  battle 
of  the  Horse  Shoe,  was  the  first  or 
second  man  over  the  breastwork  of 
the  enemy.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Tennessee, 
from  1833  to  1831 ;  and  died  in 
Granger  County,  Tennessee,  Sep 
tember  5,  1849. 

BUNNER,  RUDOLPH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1827 
to  1829,  and  died  at  Otsego,  July 
23,  1837,  aged  fifty-eight  years. 

BURD,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1831 
to  1835,  and  died  at  Bedford,  Penn 
sylvania,  January  13,  1844,  aged 
fifty  years. 

BURGES,  TRISTAM. 

Born  in  Rochester,  New  York, 
February  26,  1770,  and  died  in 
Rhode  Island,  October  13,  1853. 
He  graduated  at  the  Rhode  Island 
College ;  studied  law  and  taught 
school  at  the  same  time ;  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion  in  Providence,  and  acquired 
great  influence  and  distinction  as  an 
advocate;  in  1811  was  elected 
Chief  Justice  of  Rhode  Island  ;  oc 
cupied  the  Chair  of  Oratory  in 
Brown  University ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1825 
to  1835.  He  acquired  great  repu 


tation  by  a  parliamentary  contest 
with  John  Randolph,  and  left  be 
hind  him  many  interesting  pamph 
lets  on  political  and  literary  subjects. 
His  characteristics  as  a  debater, 
were  withering  sarcasm,  combined 
with  fervid  eloquence  and  rare  rea 
soning  power. 

BURGESS,  DEMPSY. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Provin 
cial  Congress  of  North  Carolina ; 
a  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  militia ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1795  to  1798. 

BURKE,  EDAMUS. 

He  was  born  in  Galway,  Ireland, 
and  came  to  America  at  the  begin 
ning  of  the  Revolution.  In  1 7  7  8  he 
was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1789  to  1791.  He  was 
an  earnest  Republican,  and  died  at 
Charleston,  March  30,  1802,  aged 
fifty-nine  years. 

BURKE,  EDMUND. 

Born  in  Westminster,  Vermont, 
January  23,  1809  ;  was  educated  by 
private  tutors;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1829 ; 
and  removed  to  New  Hampshire  in 
1833,  where  he  established,  in  Sul 
livan  County,  the  New  Hamp 
shire  Argus,  which  he  edited  a 
number  of  years.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1839  to  1845,  and 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Library,  and  a  member  of  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


81 


Committees  on  Commerce  and 
Claims;  and,  by  President  Polk, 
was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Pa 
tents  in  Washington. 

BUKLEIGH,  WILLIAM, 
lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Berwick,  York 
County,  Maine,  for  two  terms,  from 
1823  to  1827,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  of  Expenditures  in 
the  State  Department. 

BURLINGAME,  ANSON. 
Born  in  New  Berlin,  Chenango 
County,  New  York,  November  14, 
1822.  His  youth  was  spent  on  the 
Western  frontiers,  at  one  time  act 
ing  with  surveying  parties  and  at 
another  participating  in  the  making 
of  Indian  treaties,  far  beyond  the 
confines  of  civilization.  He  laid 
the  foundation  of  his  education  at 
the  Branch  University  of  Michigan, 
but  removing  to  Massachusetts,  he 
entered  Harvard  University,  where 
he  received  a  degree  in  184G.  He 
studied  law  and  practiced  in  Bos 
ton.  In  1852  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate,  and  in  1853  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  for  re 
vising  the  Constitution  of  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress  ;  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs.  He 
has  also  been  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

BURNELL,  BARKER. 
He  was  a  native  of  Nantucket. 
When  only  twenty-two  years  of  age, 
6 


he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  in  his 
native  Commonwealth.  A  few  years 
later,  he  passed  into  the  Senatorial 
body,  where,  in  spite  of  his  youth, 
he  became  a  leading  member.  He 
sat  also  in  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  present  Constitution  of 
Massachusetts ;  took  an  active  part 
in  the  Harrisburg  Convention  of 
1840,  and  served  as  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1841  to  1843. 
He  died  in  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  June  4,  1843,  aged  forty- 
five  years. 

BURNETT,  JACOB. 

Was  born  in  Newark,  New  Jer 
sey,  on  the  22d  of  February,  1770. 
He  was  a  graduate  of  Princeton 
College  in  1791;  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  by  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  Jersey  in  17%,  and  removed 
to  Cincinnati  immediately  there 
after,  where  he  continued  to  reside 
until  his  death.  During  the  first 
twenty  years  of  that  residence,  he 
devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  and  was  ranked 
among  the  most  distinguished  mem 
bers  of  the  bar.  When  the  second 
grade  of  the  territorial  government 
was  established,  in  1799,  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Adams,  a 
member  of  the  Legislative  Council, 
which  appointment  he  held  till  the 
establishment  of  the  State  govern 
ment  of  Ohio,  in  the  winter  of 
1802-3.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  during  the  war 
of  1812,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
sustaining  the  measures  proposed 


82 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  that  body,  to  aid  the  general 
government  in  maintaining  the  con 
test.  In  1821  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Ohio,  which  commission 
he  resigned  in  December,  1828,  and 
was  immediately  after  elected  to  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States,  to  fill 
the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  re 
signation  of  his  friend  General  Har 
rison.  In  the  same  year  he  was 
chosen,  by  the  Legislature  of  the 
State  of  Kentucky,  one  of  the  Com 
missioners  to  settle  the  matters  in 
controversy  between  that  State  and 
the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia,  in 
regard  to  the  complaints  of  the 
latter  against  the  statute  of  limita 
tion.  He  was  the  first  President 
of  the  Astronomical  Society  of  Cin 
cinnati,  and  still  continued,  in  1852, 
an  active  member  of  that  institution. 
He  was,  for  many  years,  the  Presi 
dent  of  the  Colonization  Society  of 
Hamilton  County,  President  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Medical 
College  of  Ohio,  and  President  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Cin 
cinnati  College,  and,  upon  the  nomi 
nation  by  La  Fayette,  had  been 
elected  a  member  of  the  French 
Academy.  In  1847  he  published 
a  volume  entitled  "  Notes  on  the 
Early  Settlement  of  the  Northwest 
ern  Territory,"  which  is  considered 
as  containing  much  interesting  in 
formation,  especially  as  to  Ohio,  the 
progress  of  which  he  witnessed  from 
a  Territory.  He  died  in  1853. 

BURNETT,  HEN11Y  C. 
Born  in  Essex  County,  Virginia, 
October  5,  1825;  studied  law  as  a 


profession,  and  practiced  in  Ken 
tucky;  was  Clerk  of  the  Circuit 
Court  of  Trigg  County,  in  that 
State,  from  1851  to  1853,  and  a 
Representative  in  the  Thirty-fourth 
and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses.  He  was 
Chairman,  during  the  first  session 
of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  of  the 
Committee  of  Inquiry  in  regard  to 
the  sale  of  Fort  Snelling,  and  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

BURNS,  JOSEPH. 
Born  in  Waynesborough,  Au 
gusta  County,  Virginia,  March  11, 
1800;  was  educated  at  the  Ohio 
Union  Schools;  was  by  trade  a 
hatter  and  then  a  farmer ;  has  filled 
various  County  and  State  offices ; 
and  was  elected,  from  the  State 
of  Ohio,  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fifty  Congress.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committees  on  Expendi 
tures  in  the  Post-office  Department 
and  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

BURNS,  ROBERT. 
He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1833  to 
183T. 

BURNSIDE,  THOMAS. 
Was  an  Associate  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1815 
to  1819.  He  died  at  Germ  an  town, 
Pennsylvania,  March  25,  1851. 

BURR,  AARON. 

He  was  born  in  Newark,   New 
Jersey,  February  6, 1756.     He  gra- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


s:; 


duated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1772, at  thence  of  sixteen;  in  1775, 
in  his  twentieth  year,  ho  joined 
the  American  army  under  Wash 
ington,  at  Cambridge;  accompanied 
General  Arnold  as  a  private  soldier 
in  his  expedition  against  Quebec; 
after  his  arrival  there,  he  acted  as 
an  aid-de-camp  to  General  Montgo 
mery;  and  on  his  return,  in  1776, 
General  Washington  invited  him  to 
join  his  family  at  headquarters. 
Some  circumstances  soon  took  place, 
by  which  he  forever  lost  the  con 
fidence  of  Washington;  and  the 
hostility  of  the  former  to  the  latter, 
from  that  time,  was  undisguised 
and  unmitigated.  In  1777,  he  was 
appointed  lieutenant-colonel,  and 
distinguished  himself  as  an  able 
and  brave  officer ;  but  in  March, 
1779,  he  was,  on  account  of  the 
state  of  his  health,  compelled  to 
resign  his  office,  and  retire  from 
military  life.  He  then  devoted  him 
self  to  the  study  of  law ;  commenced 
practice  at  Albany,  in  1782,  but 
soon  removed  to  the  City  of  New 
York ;  he  became  distinguished  in 
his  profession ;  was  appointed  At 
torney-General  of  New  York  in 
1789;  from  1791  to  1797,  he  was 
a  member  of  the  United  States 
Senate,  and  bore  a  conspicuous 
part  as  a  leader  of  the  Democratic 
or  Republican  party.  At  the  elec 
tion  of  President  of  the  United 
States,  for  the  fourth  Presidential 
term,  Thomas  Jefferson  and  Aaron 
Burr  had  each  seventy-three  votes, 
and  the  choice  was  decided  by  Con 
gress,  on  the  thirty-sixth  ballot,  in 


favor  of  Jefferson  for  President,  and 
Burr  for  Vice-President.  On  the 
12th  of  July,  1804,  Colonel  Bun- 
gave  Alexander  Hamilton,  long  his 
professional  rival  and  political  op 
ponent,  a  mortal  wound  in  a  duel. 
lie  soon  after  conceived  the  project 
of  his  enterprise  in  the  western 
country  of  the  United  States;  for 
which  he  was  at  length  apprehended 
and  brought  to  Richmond,  in  Au 
gust,  1807,  on  a  charge  of  treason  ; 
and  after  a  long  trial,  was  acquitted. 
He  afterwards  returned  to  the  City 
of  New  York,  practiced  law  to  some 
extent,  but  passed  the  remainder  of 
his  life  in  comparative  obscurity 
and  neglect.  He  was  of  small 
stature,  yet  he  had  a  lofty  mien, 
a  military  air,  a  remarkably  bril 
liant  eye,  and  a  striking  appear 
ance.  He  possessed  distinguished 
talents  and  many  accomplishments. 
He  died  on  Staten  Island,  New 
York,  September  14,  1836. 

BURRILL,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  April  25,  1772; 
graduated  at  Brown  University,  in 
1788  ;  studied  law,  devoted  himself 
to  its  practice,  and  was  Attorney- 
General  of  the  State  of  Rhode  Isl 
and,  from  1797  to  1813;  was  a 
member  and  Speaker  of  the  As 
sembly  in  1814 ;  and  was  Chief 
Justice  of  the  State  in  1816.  He 
was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  in  1816,  and  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  the 
Judiciary,  on  Commerce,  on  Manu 
factures,  and  on  Accounts.  He  died 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


at  Washington,  before  the  expira 
tion  of  his  term,  December  25, 1820. 
He  was  considered  an  able  scholar 
and  a  wise  judge. 

BURROUGHS,  SILAS  M. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ; 
served  four  years  in  the  Legislature 
of  that  State,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  from  New  York,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Indian  Affairs.  He  has  been  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

BURROWS,  ENOCH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Connecticut,  from  1821 
to  1823. 

BURROWS,  LORENZO. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1849  to 
1853. 

BURT,  ARMISTEAD. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
received  a  liberal  education,  adopt 
ed  the  profession  of  law,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
South  Carolina,  from  1843  to  1853. 
During  a  part  of  the  Thirtieth  Con 
gress  he  officiated  as  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives. 

BURTON,  HUTCHINS  G. 

He  was  born  in  Granville  County, 
North  Carolina ;  studied  law  ;  in 
1810  represented  Mecklenburg  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and,  in  1816, 


I  the  County  of  Halifax;  was  for 
several  years  Attorney-General  of 
the  State.  He  served  as  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1819  to 
1824,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary  and 
Military  Affairs  ;  he  was  then  elect 
ed  Governor  of  North  Carolina. 
He  died  in  Iredell  County,  April 
21,  1836. 

BURWELL,  WILLIAM  A. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1806  to 
1821. 

BUSBY,  GEORGE  H. 

He  was  born  in  Darstown,  North 
umberland  County,  Pennsylvania, 
July  10,  1794.  In  1810  he  removed 
with  his  father  to  Ohio,  where  he 
acquired  a  knowledge  of  the  cabi 
net-making  business  and  devoted 
himself  to  farming.  In  1824  he 
was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  and  of  the  Su 
preme  Court,  and  subsequently  a 
Recorder  of  Deeds  in  the  County 
of  Marion;  and  he  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1851  to 
1853,  from  Ohio. 

BUTLER,  ANDREAV  PICKENS. 

He  was  born  in  Edgefield  Dis 
trict,  South  Carolina,  November 
18,  1796.  He  graduated  at  South 
Carolina  College,  studied  law,  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
when  quite  a  young  man,  and  was 
appointed,  in  1835,  one  of  the 
Judges  of  the  General  Sessions  of 
Common  Pleas,  which  office  he  held 


B  i  o  (3  R  A  p  ii  i  c  A  L    SKETCHES. 


sr, 


until  1847,  when  he  was  appointed 
by  the  Executive  to  fill  the  vacancy 
in  the  United  States  Senate,  caused 
by  the  death  of  Mr.  McDuffie.  He 
was  subsequently  elected  and  re- 
elected  to  the  same  position,  and 
was  in  office  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  at  his  home, 
May  25,  1857.  He  was  a  states 
man  of  distinguished  ability  and 
much  influence,  possessed  an  uncom 
mon  degree  of  both  mental  and 
physical  ability,  and  in  every  par 
ticular,  was  a  high-toned  gentle-  j 
man.  He  was  popular  in  the  Se 
nate,  and  left  behind  him  many 
deeply  attached  friends. 

BUTLER,  CHESTER. 
Born  in  Wilkesbarre,  Luzerne 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  March, 
1798;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1817  ;  read  law  at  the  Litch- 
field  School,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1820.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1845  to  1850,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Revo 
lutionary  Claims.  He  died  Octo 
ber  5,  1850. 

BUTLER,  EZRA. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1813  to   ! 
1815,  and  Governor  of  that  State 
during  the  years  1826  and  1827.   : 
He  died  at  Waterbury,  Vermont, 
July  19,  1838. 

BUTLER,  JOSIAH. 

Born    in    Rockingham   County, 

Xew  Hampshire,  in  1780,  and  died  ! 

at  Deerfield,  October  29,  1854.  He  | 


graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1803;  studied  law  in  Virginia, 
and  practiced  it  in  his  native  State. 
He  was  repeatedly  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature ;  was  a  county 
sheriff,  and  a  clerk  of  the  courts. 
He  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  in  1817,  and  served  in 
that  capacity  until  1823,  officiating 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Agriculture,  during  the  Seventeenth 
Congress.  He  was  then  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
New  Hampshire,  which  he  held 
until  the  office  was  abolished. 

BUTLER,  PIERCE. 
He  was  of  the  family  of  the  Dukes 
of  Ormond,  in  Ireland.  Before  the 
Revolution  he  was  a  major  in  a 
British  regiment  in  Boston,  but  af 
terwards  attached  himself  to  the 
republican  institutions  of  America. 
In  1787  he  was  a  Delegate,  from 
South  Carolina,  to  the  old  Con 
gress;  in  1788,  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  framed  the  Con 
stitution  of  the  United  States,  and, 
under  it,  was  one  of  the  first  Sena 
tors  from  South  Carolina,  and  re 
mained  in  Congress  till  179G.  On 
the  death  of  Mr.  Calhoun,  in  1802, 
he  was  again  a  Senator,  but  re 
signed  in  1804.  He  was  opposed 
to  some  of  the  measures  of  Wash 
ington's  administration,  but  ap 
proved  of  the  war  of  1812.  He  died 
at  Philadelphia,  February  15,  1822, 
aged  seventy-seven. 

BUTLER,  SAMSON  H. 
He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 


86 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


gress,  from  that  State,  from  1840 
to  1843. 

BUTLER,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Louisiana,  from 
1818  to  1821. 

BUTLER,  THOMAS  B. 

He  was  born  in  Wethersfield, 
Connecticut,  in  180T  ;  was  educa 
ted  a  lawyer ;  served  in  the  Con 
necticut  Legislature ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Connecticut,  from  1849  to  1851. 

BUTLER,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  the  father  of  the  late  Se 
nator,  A.  P.  Butler,  and  graduated 
at  the  College  of  South  Carolina, 
in  1810,  as  a  student  of  medicine ; 
served  as  an  officer  and  surgeon 
both  in  the  army  and  navy  of  the 
LTnited  States ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1801  to  1813.  He 
died  many  years  ago. 

BUTLER,  WILLIAM  0. 

He  was  born  in  Jessamine  Coun 
ty,  Kentucky,  in  It 93,  and  came  of 
a  family  honorably  identified  with 
the  Revolution.     He  was  liberally 
educated,  and  when  the  war  of  1812 
broke  out,  he  enlisted  as  a  soldier ; 
was  an  ensign  under  General  Win-  j 
Chester,  at  the  battle  of  the  River  , 
Raisin,  and  under  General  Jackson, 
in  the  South,  he  attained  the  rank  , 
of  captain,  and  was  made  a  colo 
nel  in  181t.     After  spending  many 


years  in  retirement,  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  in  1839,  and  re-elected 
in  1841 ;  and  during  the  war  with 
Mexico,  he  obtained  such  distinc 
tion,  that  he  was  promoted  to  the 
position  of  major-general  in  the 
regular  army ;  a  sword  was  voted 
to  him  by  Congress,  March  2, 1841 ; 
and  when  General  Scott  was  re 
called  from  the  City  of  Mexico, 
General  Butler  was  left  chief  in 
command,  and  announced  the  rati 
fication  of  the  treaty  of  peace, 
May  29,  1848.  In  1848  he  was  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  Vice-Pre 
sident,  on  the  ticket  with  Lewis 
Cass  for  ^  President.  He  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Pierce,  Go 
vernor  of  Nebraska  Territory,  but 
declined  the  appointment.  He  is 
the  author  of  many  fugitive  pieces 
of  poetry,  several  of  which  possess 
uncommon  merit,  and  one,  entitled 
"The  Boat  Horn,"  has  attained 
great  popularity. 

BUTMAN,  SAMUEL. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Penobscot  County,  Maine, 
from  1827  to  1831,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Internal 
Improvements. 

BYNAM,  JESSE  A. 

Born  in  Halifax  County,  North 
Carolina.  He  was  educated  at 
Union  College,  New  York  ;  served 
a  number  of  years  in  the  State 
Legislature ;  and  was  a  member 
of  Congress,  from  1833  to  1841. 
While  in  Congress  he  fought  a  duel 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


87 


with  Daniel  Jenifer,  which  termi 
nated  harmlessly ;  and  at  the  close 
of  his  last  term  he  removed  to  Loui 
siana. 

C  A  HELL,  EDWARD  C. 

Born  in  Richmond,  Virginia,  in 
1817  ;  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Virginia;  and  in  1837  removed 
to  the  Territory  of  Florida,  where 
he  settled  as  a  cotton  planter.  He 
represented  the  State  of  Florida  in 
Congress,  from  1847  to  1853. 

CABELL,  SAMUEL  J. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  war  of 
the  Revolution  he  was  at  William 
and  Mary  College,  and  left  there  to 
join  the  flrst  armed  corps  raised  in 
Virginia,  and  soon  attained  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  in  the 
Continental  Army,  serving  with 
honor  in  all  the  campaigns,  till  the 
fall  of  Charleston,  May  12,  1780, 
when  he  became  a  prisoner,  and  the 
close  of  the  war  restored  him  to 
liberty.  For  many  years  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  Assembly, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1795  to  1 803.  He  died  in  Nel 
son  County,  Virginia.  September  4, 
1818,  aged  sixty-one  years. 

CABLE,   JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1849  to  1853. 

CABOT,  GEORGE. 

Born  in  Salem,  Massachusetts, 
and  employed  the  early  part  of  his 
life  in  foreign  commerce.  Before 


he  was  twenty-six  years  old,  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Provin 
cial  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
where  he  advocated  those  principles 
of  political  economy  for  which  he 
was  afterwards  distinguished ;  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  formed  the  Constitution  of 
that  State,  and  also  of  that  which  ra 
tified  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  to  promote  which  he  made 
the  most  strenuous  exertions.  From 
1791  to  1796  he  served  in  the  Uni 
ted  States  Senate,  and  was  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  members  of 
that  body ;  a  confidential  friend  of 
Washington  and  Hamilton,  to  the 
latter  of  whom  he  rendered  most 
important  assistance  in  forming  his 
financial  system.  In  1808  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Council  of  Massa 
chusetts,  and  in  1814  a  delegate  to 
the  Hartford  Convention,  and  was 
made  president  of  that  body.  He, 
after  that  period,  retired  from  pub 
lic  life,  and  died  at  Boston,  April 
18,  1823,  aged  seventy-two. 

CADWALLADER,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

CADWALLADER,   LAMBERT. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
gresS,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1789 
to  1791,  and  again  from  1793  to 
1795. 

CADY,  DANIEL. 

He  was  born  in  Chatham,  Colum 
bia  County,  New  York,  April  29, 


88 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1173  ;  was  bied  a  shoemaker ;  stu 
died  law,  and  practiced  with  suc 
cess  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1815  to  1817,  having  previously 
served  five  years  in  the  State  Legis 
lature. 

CADY,  JOHN  W. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1822,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1823  to  1825. 

CAGE,   HENRY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Mississippi,  from  1833 
to  1835. 

CAHOON,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1829  to 
1833. 

CALDWELL,  GEORGE  A. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845, 
and  again  from  1849  to  1851. 

CALDWELL,  GREENE  W. 

Born  in  Gaston  County,  North 
Carolina,  April  13,  1811.  He  stu 
died  medicine,  and  practiced  with 
success,  but  subsequently  devoted 
himself  to  the  law.  He  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  from  1841  to  1843.  He  was 
subsequently  appointed  Superinten 
dent  of  the  United  States  Mint,  at 
Charlotte,  which  position  he  re 


signed  ;  he  participated  in  the  war 
with  Mexico  as  volunteer  captain 
of  a  company  of  dragoons. 

CALDWELL,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1813  to 
181T. 

CALDWELL,  JOSEPH  P. 

Born  in  Iredell  County,  North 
Carolina,  in  1808.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Bethany  Academy ;  studied 
law;  and  entered  public  life  in  1838, 
as  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  where  he  served  a  number  of 
years,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1849  to  1853. 

CALDWELL,  PATRICK  C. 

He  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1841 
to  1843,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Manufactures. 

CALHOUN,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1835  to  1839. 

CALHOUN,  JOHN  C. 

Born  in  Abbeville  District,  S.  C., 
March  18, 1782.  He  was  of  an  Irish 
family  His  father,  Patrick  Calhoun, 
was  born  in  Ireland,  and  at  an  early 
age  came  to  Pennsylvania,  thence 
went  to  the  western  part  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  after  Braddock's  defeat, 
moved  to  South  Carolina  in  1756. 
At  the  age  of  thirteen,  he  was  put 
under  the  charge  of  his  brother- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


89 


in-law,  Dr.  Waddel,  in  Columbia 
County,  Georgia.  I le  entered  Yale 
College  in  1802,  and  graduated  with 
distinction  ;  studied  law  at  Litch- 
field,  Connecticut ;  and  in  1807  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  South  Caro 
lina.  The  next  year  he  entered  the 
Legislature  of  that  State,  where  he 
served  for  two  sessions  with  ability 
and  distinction,  and  in  1811  was 
elected  to  Congress,  where  he  con 
tinued  until  1817,  when  he  became 
Secretary  of  War  under  President 
Monroe,  and  conducted  the  affairs 
of  that  department  with  energy  and 
ability  for  seven  years.  In  1825  he 
was  elected  Yice-President,  and  in 
1831,  upon  General  Hayne's  leav 
ing  the  Senate  to  become  Governor 
of  South  Carolina,  Mr.  Calhoun  re 
signed  the  Vice-Presidency,  and 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  United 
States  Senate  by  the  Legislature  of 
South  Carolina.  After  the  expira 
tion  of  his  senatorial  term,  he  went 
voluntarily  into  retirement.  Upon 
the  death  of  Mr.  Upshur,  in  1843, 
he  assumed  the  conduct  of  the  State 
Department,  which  he  held  until  the 
close  of  President  Tyler's  adminis 
tration.  In  1845  he  was  again 
elected  Senator,  which  office  he  held 
until  his  decease.  From  1811, 
when  he  entered  Congress,  until 
his  death,  he  was  rarely  absent  from 
Washington,  and  during  the  most 
of  that  period  he  was  in  the  public 
service  of  his  State  and  country. 
He  entered  Congress  at  a  time  of 
unusual  excitement,  preceding  the 
declaration  of  war  of  1812,  and  had 
great  influence  in  favor  of  that  mea 


sure.  In  the  difficulties  and  em 
barrassments  upon  the  termination 
of  war,  and  the  transition  to  a  peace 
establishment,  he  took  a  responsible 
part.  As  a  presiding  officer  of  the 
Senate  he  was  punctual,  methodi 
cal,  and  accurate,  and  had  a  high 
regard  for  the  dignity  of  the  body, 
which  he  endeavored  to  preserve 
and  maintain.  II is  connection  with 
nullification,  his  views  of  the  tariff, 
his  opinions  in  regard  to  slavery, 
and  the  many  and  exciting  questions 
arising  from  it,  are  well  known. 
He  shaped  the  course,  and  moulded 
the  opinions  of  the  people  of  his 
own  State,  and  of  some  other  South 
ern  States,  upon  all  these  subjects. 
Amid  all  the  strifes  of  party  poli 
tics,  there  always  existed  between 
him  and  his  political  opponents,  a 
great  degree  of  personal  kindness. 
He  died  in  Washington  City,  March 
31,  1850,  leaving  behind  him  the 
reputation  of  one  of  the  greatest 
and  the  purest  of  American  states 
men.  His  collected  writings  and 
speeches  have  been  published  in 
several  octavo  volumes,  edited  by 
his  son,  and  accompanied  with  a 
biography. 

CALHOUN,  JOHN  E. 

Born  in  1749  ;  and  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1774.  lie 
afterwards  studied  law,  in  which 
profession  he  became  distinguished. 
After  being  for  many  years  in  the 
State  Legislature  of  South  Caro 
lina,  he  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  1801  to  1802.  He  was  a  de 
cided  republican,  and  supporter  of 


90 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Mr.  Jefferson.  lie  was  one  of  the 
committee  who  were  instructed  to 
report  a  modification  of  the  judi 
ciary  system  of  the  United  States. 
He  died  in  Pendleton  District,  No 
vember  26,  1802,  aged  fifty-two 
years. 

CALHOUN,   JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1801  to  1811. 

CALHOUN,  WILLIAM   B. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1814 ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con-  j 
gress,  from  his  native  State,  from 
1835  to  1843. 

CALL,  JACOB, 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana,  from  1824  to 
1825. 

CALL,  RICHARD   K. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky  ;  and 
having  taken  an  interest  in  mili 
tary  affairs,  became  aid-de-camp  to 
General  Jackson  in  1818,  and  was 
promoted  to  a  captain  soon  after 
wards,  and  subsequently  was  ap 
pointed  brigadier-general  of  the 
Florida  militia.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Legislative  Council  of  Flo 
rida  in  1822;  a  Delegate  to  Con 
gress  from  1823  to  1825  ;  Receiver 
of  Public  Money  for  the  Land- 
office  ;  and  he  held  the  position  of 
Governor  of  Florida  from  1836  to 
1844. 


CALVIN,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  Washingtonville,  Colum 
bia  County,  Pennsylvania,  July  30, 
1811;  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  after 
the  death  of  his  father,  he  was 
thrown  upon  his  own  resources,  and 
became  a  school  teacher,  with  the 
view  of  supporting  his  father's  fa 
mily,  and  obtaining  the  means  for  a 
classical  education  ;  he  accomplish 
ed  this  object ;  subsequently  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1836,  and  practiced  in  Hollidays- 
burg,  Pennsylvania.  In  1848  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty- 
first  Congress,  and  in  1850  declined 
a  re-election. 

CAMBRELLING,  CHURCHILL  C. 

He  was  born  in  Washington, 
North  Carolina,  in  17 8C,  and  re 
ceived  an  academical  education  at 
Newbern,  in  that  State.  He  had 
a  special  fondness  for  field  sports, 
but  did  not  let  them  interfere  with 
his  duties  as  a  clerk  in  a  Carolina 
store,  where  he  was  engaged  for 
two  years.  He  removed  to  New 
York  City  in  1802,  which  has  since 
that  time  been  his  home,  excepting 
the  year  1806,  when  he  was  a 
counting-house  clerk  in  Providence, 
Rhode  Island.  He  engaged  at  an 
early  day  in  mercantile  pursuits  with 
John  Jacob  Astor,  and  traveled  ex 
tensively  over  the  world.  He  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1821  to  1839,  and 
officiated  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittees  of  Commerce,  Ways  and 
Means,  and  of  Foreign  Affairs. 


B  i  o  u  R  A  p  u  i  c  AL    SKETCHES. 


91 


His  reports  and  political  pamph 
lets  were  at  one  time  very  nume 
rous,  one  of  the  former,  on  Com 
merce  and  Navigation,  having  prone 
through  several  editions  and  been 
republished  in  London.  While 
traveling  in  Europe  in  1839,  he  re 
ceived  the  appointment  of  Minister 
to  Russia,  and  on  his  return  to  the 
United  States  he  retired  to  private 
life. 


CAMERON,  SIMON. 

He  was  born  in  Lancaster  Co., 
Pennsylvania,  in  1799,  and  was  left 
an  orphan  when  only  nine  years  of 
age.  He  educated  himself,  while 
pursuing  the  employment  of  a  prin 
ter  in  newspaper  offices  at  Harris- 
burg  and  in  Washington  City,  and 
when  twenty-two  years  of  age  edited 
and  published  a  Democratic  journal 
at  the  former  city,  having  previously 
had  charge  of  a  paper  at  Doyles- 
town,  Pennsylvania.  In  1832  he 
established  the  Middletown  Bank 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  devoted  much 
of  his  attention  to  the  railroad  in 
terests  of  his  native  State,  and  be 
fore  entering  Congress  he  was  the 
cashier  of  a  bank,  president  of  two 
railroad  companies,  and  Adjutant- 
General  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
first  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress 
in  1845,  where  he  served  until  1849, 
and  he  was  re-elected  to  the  same 
position  in  1857,  for  the  term  ending 
in  1863.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Finance  and  on 
Printing. 


CAMPBELL,   ALEXANDER. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1809  td  1813. 

CAMPBELL,  BROOKINS. 

He  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  Tennessee,  in  1808 ;  was 
for  many  years  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  and  in  1845  was 
unanimously  elected  Speaker ;  he 
was  an  officer  in  the  quartermaster's 
department  in  the  war  with  Mexico, 
and  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
1852  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  December  24,  1853. 

CAMPBELL,  GEORGE  W. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee  in1 
17C8;  received  a  good  education; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1803  to  1809, 
serving  during  the  last  two  years  of 
his  term  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  of  Ways  and  Means ;  was 
Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
Court ;  was  elected  Senator  of  the 
United  States  in  1811,  but  resigned 
on  being  appointed  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  in  1814.  He  resumed  his 
seat  in  the  Senate  the  following 
year,  and  served  till  1818,  when  he 
was  appointed  Minister  to  Russia. 
He  died  at  Nashville,  Tennessee, 
February  17,  1848. 

CAMPBELL,  JAMES  H. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 


92 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


CAMPBELL,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from'Marylaud,  from  1801  to 
1811. 

CAMPBELL,   JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1829 
to  1831,  and  again  from  1837  to 
1845. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1837  to 
1843. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN  H. 

He  was  born   in   Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
.  gress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN  P. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

CAMPBELL,  JOHN  W. 

He  was  born  in  Augusta  County, 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1817 

to  1827. 

CAMPBELL,  LEWIS  D. 

Born  in  Franklin,  Warren  County, 
Ohio,  August  9, 1811.  He  received 
a  limited  education  ;  was  attached 
at  an  early  day  to  the  Cincinnati 
Gazette,  as  printer  and  assistant 


editor  ;  subsequently  had  the  entire 
control  of  another  political  paper  ; 
and  having  studied  law,  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
in  1848,  and  has  been  re-elected  to 
each  successive  Congress,  down  to 
the  Thirty-fifth,  when  his  seat  was 
contested,  and  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  decided  against  his  claim. 
During  the  Thirty-third  Congress, 
he  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
of  Ways  and  Means. 

CAMPBELL,  ROBERT  B. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina ; 
graduated  at  the  South  Carolina 
College  in  1809  ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1823  to 
1825,  and  again  from  1835  to  1837. 
He  was  subsequently  appointed,  by 
President  Fillmore,  American  Con 
sul  at  Havana,  Cuba. 

CAMPBELL,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1821 
to  1823,  having  previously  served 
five  years  in  the  Assembly  of  that 
State. 

CAMPBELL,  THOMAS  F. 

He  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1834  to  1835. 

CAMPBELL,  THOMAS  J. 

He  was  a  citizen  of  Tennessee, 
and  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1841  to  1843,  and 
twice  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Re- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


93 


presentatives.  He  died  in  Wash 
ington,  District  of  Columbia,  April 
13,  1850. 

CAMPBELL,  THOMPSON. 
lie  was   born   in   Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Illinois,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

CAMPBELL,  WILLIAM  B. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1843. 

CAMPBELL,  WILLIAM  W. 
Born  in  Cherry  Valley,  Xew 
York,  June  10,  1806 ;  graduated 
at  Union  College  in  1827,  and  stu 
died  law  with  Judge  Kent,  of  New 
York,  and  in  1831  he  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
that  city,  having  previously  written 
and  published  a  history  of  the  bor 
der  war  of  New  York.  He  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1845  to  1847,  and  then  spent  a  year 
in  Europe ;  on  his  return,  he  was 
appointed  a  Justice  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  New  York  City,  and 
served  seven  years,  and  was  subse 
quently  elected  a  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  which 
position  he  now  holds. 

CANBY,  RICHARD  S. 
He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in    Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

CANNON,  NEWTON. 
He  was  born  in  Guilford  County, 
North  Carolina,  and  was  a  Repre- 


|  sentative  in  Congress,  from  Tennes 
see,  from  1814  to  1817,  and  again 
from  1819  to  1823,  and  was  also 
appointed  by  President  Monroe,  in 
1819,  one  of  two  Commissioners,  to 
treat  with  the  Chickasaws. 

CAPEKTON,  HUGH. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1780 ; 
was  a  farmer  by  occupation ;  a 
member,  for  many  years,  of  the  State 
Legislature  ;  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  the  Greenbrier 
region  of  Virginia,  from  1813  to 
1815.  He  died  in  Monroe  County, 
Virginia,  February,  9,  1847. 

CAREY,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  native  of  Maryland, 
but  removed  to  Georgia,  and  died 
in  Upson  County  in  1844.  He  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1823  to  1827,  from  Georgia. 

CAREY,  SHEPARD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1843  to 
1845,  and  served  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Claims. 

CARLILE,  JOHN  S. 

Born  in  Winchester,  Frederick 
County,  Virginia,  December  16, 
1817.  He  was  educated  by  his 
mother  until  fourteen  years  of  age, 
and  then  went  into  a  country  store 
as  salesman  and  clerk,  and  at  the 
age  of  seventeen  commenced  busi 
ness  for  himself;  at  the  same  time 
he  read  law  and  Mras  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1840,  and  settled  in 
Beverly,  Randolph  County,  in  1842, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


to  practice.  He  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  in  1847,  and  served 
till  1851.  In  1850  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  .of  Virginia,  and  in  1855  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  serving  one  term. 

CARLTON,  PETER. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1807  to  1809. 

CARMICHAEL,  R.  B. 

He  was  a  native  of  Maryland, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1835. 

CARNES,  THOMAS  P. 

He  was  born  and  educated  in 
Maryland ;  studied  law,  and  settled 
in  Georgia ;  he  was  there  succes 
sively  Solicitor-General,  Attorney- 
General,  and  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1793  to  1795. 
He  died  at  Milled geville,  May  8, 
1822. 

CARPENTER,  DAVIS. 

He  was  born  in  Walpole,  Che 
shire  County,  New  Hampshire, 
December  25,  1799;  received  an 
academical  education  ;  studied  me- 
decine,  and  took  the  degree  of 
M.D.  at  Middlebury  College,  Ver 
mont,  in  1824;  he  removed  to  the 
State  of  New  York  in  1825,  and 
there  attained  the  position  of  co 
lonel  of  a  rifle  corps ;  and  was  a 


Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1853  to  1855. 
He  is  now  devoted  to  his  profession 
and  to  surveying. 

CARPENTER,  LEVI  D. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1843 
to  1845. 

CARR,  FRANCIS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1811 
to  1813. 

CARR,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1815 
to  1817. 

CARR,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana,  from  1831  to 
1837,  and  again  from  1839  to  1841, 
and  died  in  Clarke  County,  Indi 
ana,  January  20,  1845. 

CARROLL,  CHARLES,  of  Carrollton. 

He  was  born  in  Annapolis,  Mary 
land,  on  the  20th  of  September, 
1737 ;  was  descended  from  a  re 
spectable  Irish  family ;  was  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  religion,  and  in 
herited  a  very  large  estate.  He  was 
sent  at  an  early  age  to  St.  Omers 
to  be  educated,  and  afterwards  re 
moved  to  Rheims.  After  having 
studied  civil  law  in  France,  he  went 
to  London,  and  pursued  the  study 
of  common  law  at  the  Temple ; 


B  i  o  c  u  A  P  H  i  c  A  L    SKETCHES. 


95 


and  returned  to  America  at  the 
age  of  twenty-seven.  He  soon  be 
came  known  as  an  advocate  for 
liberty,  and  was  one  of  the  ablest  | 
political  writers  of  Maryland.  In  i 
1770,  he  was  elected  a  Delegate  to  | 
the  old  Congress,  and  subscribed 
his  name  to  the  Declaration  of  In 
dependence,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death  was  the  last  surviving  signer  j 
of  that  document.  In  1778  he  left 
Congress,  and  devoted  himself  to 
the  councils  of  his  native  State  ;  in 
1789  he  was  elected  a  Senator  to 
the  new  Congress,  and  in  1810  he 
quitted  public  life,  and  passed  the 
remainder  of  his  days  in  tranquillity, 
beloved  and  revered  by  his  friends 
and  neighbors,  and  honored  by  his 
country.  He  was  ever  considered 
a  model  of  regularity  in  conduct 
and  sedateness  in  judgment.  Jle 
died  in  Baltimore,  November  14, 
1832. 

CARROLL,  CHARLES  H. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1843 
to  1847,  a  member  of  the  Assembly 
of  the  State  in  1836,  and  a  State 
Senator  in  1837. 

CARROLL,  DANIEL. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1789  to 
1791,  and  was  that  year  appointed 
Commissioner  for  Surveying  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

CARROLL,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1841. 


CARSON,  SAMUEL  P. 

Born  at  Pleasant  Garden,  Burke 
County,  North  Carolina.  He  was 
for  several  years  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1825  to 
1833.  He  killed  Doctor  Robert  B. 
Vance  in  a  duel,  in  1827,  and  at 
the  close  of  his  services  in  Congress, 
removed  to  Arkansas,  where  he  died 
in  November,  1840. 

CARTER,  JOIIX. 

Born  on  Black  River,  Sumter 
District,  South  Carolina,  Septem 
ber  10,  1792;  and  graduated  at 
South  Carolina  College,  Columbia. 
He  was  a  lawyer  by  profession; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  South  Carolina,  from  1822  to 
1829,  when  he  declined  a  re-election. 
His  residence  was  Camden,  but  he 
removed  to  Georgetown,  District  of 
Columbia,  in  1836,  where  he  re 
mained  until  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  June  20,  1850. 

CARTER,  TIMOTHY  J. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1837  to  the 
date  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
at  Washington,  March  14,  1838. 

CARTER,  WILLIAM  B. 

Born  in  Tennessee  in  1812;  was 
a  member  of  the  House  and  Senate 
in  the  State  Legislature ;  President 
of  the  Constitutional  Convention  ; 
and  from  1835  to  1841,  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  his 
native  State.  He  died  in  Carter 
County,  Tennessee,  April  17, 1848. 


96 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


CARTTER,  DAVID  R. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1849  to  1853. 

CARUTHERS,  ROBERT  L. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 

CARUTHERS,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  Madison  County,  Mis 
souri,  October  13,  1820 ;  was  edu 
cated  at  Clinton  College,  Tennessee; 
is  a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  and  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  in  Congress,  in 
1853,  which  position  he  still  occu 
pies. 

CARY,  GEORGE  B. 

A  member  of  Congress,  from  the 
Petersburg  District,  Virginia,  in 
1842  and  1843.  He  died  in  South 
ampton  County,  Virginia,  March  5, 
1850. 

CARY,  JEREMIAH  E. 

Born  in  Coventry,  Rhode  Island, 
April  30,  1803;  commenced  active 
life  in  the  State  of  New  York,  by 
working  on  a  farm,  and  in  the  tan 
nery  of  an  uncle ;  he  received  a  good 
common  school  education,  which  he 
paid  for  by  his  own  exertions  as  a 
teacher;  he  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1829;  was 
elected  to  Congress,  from  Cherry 
Valley  County,  in  1842,  and,  after 
his  term  as  a  Representative,  re 
moved  to  the  City  of  New  York, 


where  he  has  since  been  engaged 
with  success  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  and  holding  many  im 
portant  local  offices  connected  with 
the  cause  of  education. 


CASE,  CHARLES. 

Born  at  Austinburg,  Ashtabula 
County,  Ohio,  December  21,  1817  ; 
a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Invalid 
Pensions.  He  has  also  been  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

CASE,  WALTER. 

He  was  born  in  Dutchess  County, 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1819  to  1821. 


CASEY,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1849  to 
1851. 

CASEY,  LEVI. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1803  to  180T. 


CASEY,  ZADOCK. 

He  was  born  in  Georgia,  and  on 
removing  to  Illinois,  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1833  to  1843. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


97 


CASKIE,  JOHN  S. 

lie  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
first  elected  a  Representative  to 
Congress,  from  his  native  State,  in 
1851,  and  has  been  elected  to  each 
successive  Congress,  serving  at  the 
present  time  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary. 

CASS,  LEWIS. 

Born  in  Exeter,  New  Hampshire, 
October  9,  1782.  Having  received 
a  limited  education  at  his  native 
place,  at  the  early  age  of  seventeen 
he  crossed  the  Alleghany  Mountains 
on  foot,  to  seek  a  home  in  the  j 
"great  west,"  then  an  almost  unex-  | 
plored  wilderness.  Settled  at  Ma-  j 
rietta,  Ohio,  he  studied  law,  and  j 
was  successful.  Elected  at  twenty- 
five  to  the  Legislature  of  Ohio,  he 
originated  the  bill  which  arrested  ; 
the  proceedings  of  Aaron  Burr,  j 
and,  as  stated  by  Mr  Jefferson,  was 
the  first  blow  given  to  what  is 
known  as  Burr's  conspiracy.  In 
1807  he  was  appointed,  by  Mr.  Jef 
ferson,  Marshal  of  the  State,  and 
held  the  office  till  the  latter  part  of 
1811,  when  he  volunteered  to  repel 
Indian  aggressions  on  the  frontier. 
He  was  elected  colonel  of  the  3d 
Regiment  of  Ohio  volunteers,  and 
entered  the  military  service  of  the 
United  States,  at  the  commence 
ment  of  the  war  of  1812.  Having 
by  a  difficult  march  reached  Detroit, 
he  urged  the  immediate  invasion  of 
Canada,  and  was  the  author  of  the 
proclamation  of  that  event.  He  was 
the  first  to  land  in  arras  on  the  ene- 
7 


ray's  shore,  and,  with  a  small  de 
tachment  of  troops,  fought  and  won 
the  first  battle,  that  of  the  Taroutoe. 
At  the  subsequent  capitulation  of 
Detroit,  he  was  absent,  on  import 
ant  service,  and  regretted  that  his 
command  and  himself  had  been  in 
cluded  in  that  capitulation.  Libe 
rated  on  parol.  he  repaired  to  the 
seat  of  government  to  report  the 
causes  of  the  disaster,  and  the  fail 
ure  of  the  campaign.  He  was  im 
mediately  appointed  a  colonel  in  the 
regular  army,  and,  soon  after,  pro 
moted  to  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general  ;  having,  in  the  mean  time, 
been  elected  major-general  of  the 
Ohio  volunteers.  On  being  ex 
changed  and  released  from  parol, 
he  again  repaired  to  the  frontier, 
and  joined  the  army  for  the  recovery 
of  Michigan.  Being  at  that  time 
without  a  command,  he  served  and 
distinguished  himself,  as  a  volunteer 
aid-de-camp  to  General  Harrison, 
at  the  battle  of  the  Thames.  He 
was  appointed,  by  President  Madi 
son,  in  October,  1813,  Governor  of 
Michigan.  His  position  combined, 
with  the  ordinary  duties  of  chief 
magistrate  of  a  civilized  commu 
nity,  the  immediate  management 
and  control,  as  superintendent,  of 
the  relations  with  the  numerous  and 
powerful  Indian  tribes  in  that  region 
of  country.  He  conducted  with 
success  the  affairs  of  the  Territory 
under  embarrassing  circumstances. 
Under  his  sway  peace  was  preserved 
between  the  whites  and  the  treach 
erous  and  disaffected  Indians,  law 
and  order  established,  and  the  Ter- 


98 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ritory  rapidly  advanced  in  popula 
tion,  resources,  and  prosperity.  He 
held  this  position  till  July,  1831, 
when  he  was,  by  President  Jackson, 
made  Secretary  of  War.  In  the 
latter  part  of  1836,  President  Jack 
son  appointed  him  Minister  to 
France,  where  he  remained  until 
1842,  when  he  requested  his  recall, 
and  returned  to  this  country.  In 
January,  1845,  he  was  elected,  by 
the  Legislature  of  Michigan,  to  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States ;  which 
place  he  resigned  on  his  nomination, 
in  May,  1848,  as  a  candidate  for  the 
Presidency,  by  the  political  party 
to  which  he  belongs.  After  the 
election  of  his  opponent  (General 
Taylor)  to  that  office,  the  Legisla 
ture  of  his  State,  in  1849,  re-elected 
him  to  the  Senate  for  the  unexpired 
portion  of  his  original  term  of  six 
years.  When  Mr.  Buchanan  became 
President,  he  invited  General  Cass 
to  the  head  of  the  Department  of 
State,  in  which  position  he  has  ac 
quitted  himself  with  characteristic 
ability.  He  has  devoted  some  at 
tention  to  literary  pursuits,  and  his 
writings,  speeches,  and  State  papers 
would  make  several  volumes. 

CASS  AD  Y,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1821 
to  1827,  and  died  in  Hackensack, 
New  Jersey,  December  31,  1842, 
aged  fifty-eight  years. 

CATHCART,  CHARLES  W. 

He  was  born  in  the  Island  of 
Madeira,  and  having  taken  up  his 


residence  in  Indiana,  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1845  to  1849,  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1852  to  1853. 

CATLIN,  GEORGE  S. 

Born  in  Harwington,  Litchfield 
County,  Connecticut,  in  1809;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  and  aca 
demic  education ;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1830; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1843  to  1845.  He  was 
also  a  number  of  years  in  the  State 
Legislature,  States  Attorney,  and 
Judge  of  the  Windham  County 
Court  He  died  in  December,  1851. 

CAUSIN,  JOHN  M.  S. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  a  law 
yer  by  profession,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  his  na 
tive  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

CAVANAUGH,  J.  M. 

He  is  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  Minne 
sota. 

CHAFFEE,  CALVIN  C. 

Born  in  Saratoga  County,  New 
York,  August  28,  1811.  He  early 
devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  me 
dicine,  graduated  at  Middlebury 
College;  and  on  becoming  a  citizen 
of  Massachusetts,  he  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  for  the  Thirty-fourth 
and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  is 
now  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Invalid  Pensions. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


99 


CHALMERS,  JOSEPH  W. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Mississippi,  from  1845  to  1847. 

CHAMBERLAIN,  EBENEZER   M. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Indiana,  from  1853  to  1855. 

CHAMBERLAIN,  JOHN  C. 

He  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1793;  practiced  law  at 
Alstead,  New  Hampshire;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1809  to  1811.  He 
died  at  Utica,  New  York,  Decem 
ber  8,  1834,  aged  sixty-two  years. 

CHAMBERLAIN,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1803  to 
1805,  and  again  from  1809  to  1811. 

CHAMBERS,  DAVID. 

He  was  born  in  Allentown,  North 
ampton  County,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1780.     He   was    educated   by   his  ! 
father,  who  was  a  school  teacher;  | 
and  in  1794  was  employed  as  aeon-  : 
fidential  express  to  carry  dispatches  j 
from  General  Henry  Lee  to  Presi 
dent  Washington,  during  the  Whis-  ' 
ky  Insurrection;    in  1796   he  was 
placed  in  the  office  of  the  Aurora 
newspaper,  to   learn   the   printer's 
trade  ;  and  after  spending  the  six 
teen  subsequent  years  on  a  farm  in 
Virginia,  he  removed  to  Zanesville, 
Ohio,  where  he  conducted  a  news 
paper,  and  was  elected  State  prin 


ter.  When  the  scat  of  government 
was  removed  to  Columbus,  he  was 
appointed  Secretary  of  the  Senate  ; 
during  the  years  1812  and  1813  he 
was  aid-de-camp  to  General  Cass ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1S21  to 
1823.  He  subsequently  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  of  Ohio ;  was  Speaker  in 
1844,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1851 ; 
having  also  been  elected  Mayor  of 
Zanesville,  Recorder,  and  Clerk  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  Of 
late  years  he  has  been  wholly  de 
voted  to  agricultural  pursuits. 

CHAMBERS,  EZEKIEL  F. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  from  1826  to  1835. 

CHAMBERS,  GEORGE. 

Born  in  Chambersburg,  Pennsyl 
vania,  in  1786;  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College  in  1804;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1807, 
and  practiced  extensively  in  the 
Franklin  County  courts.  He  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1833  to  1837,  and  was  then  elected 
a  delegate  to  the  Pennsylvania  Con 
stitutional  Convention.  In  1851 
he  was  appointed  by  the  Governor, 
with  the  unanimous  consent  of  the 
Senate,  a  trustee  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State,  which  office  he 
held  until  the  expiration  of  its 
tenure  under  the  constitution.  Since 
that  time  he  has  lived  in  retirement, 
discharging  many  trusts  and  ofiices 


100 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  promotion  of  religion  and  educa 
tion,  in  the  town  of  his  birth,  which 
bears  his  father's  name. 

CHAMBERS,  HENRY. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  1825  to  1826,  from  Alabama, 
and  died  in  1826. 

CHAMBERS,  JOHN. 

Born  in  New  Jersey  in  1779; 
emigrated  to  Kentucky  when  thir 
teen  years  of  age  ;  studied  law,  and 
practiced  the  -profession  with  suc 
cess  ;  was  an  aid-de-camp  to  Gene 
ral  Harrison  at  the  battle  of  the 
Thames  ;  was  appointed  Governor 
of  the  Territory  of  Iowa  by  Presi 
dent  Harrison,  manifesting  great 
ability  and  prudence  in  his  inter 
course  with  the  Indians;  and  by 
President  Taylor  he  was  appointed 
a  Commissioner  to  make  a  treaty 
with  the  Sioux  Indians.  He  was 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1827  to  1829,  and  again 
from  1835  to  1839.  He  died  near 
Paris,  Kentucky,  September  21, 
1852. 

CHAMPION,  EPAPHRODITUS. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Connecticut,  from  1807 
to  1817;  a  man  greatly  respected 
for  his  public  and  private  character ; 
and  died  at  East  Haddam,  Connec 
ticut,  November  22,  1835,  aged 
seventy-eight  years. 

CHAMPLIN,  CHRISTOPHER  G  . 

He  was  a  native   of  Newport, 
Rhode  Island ;  graduated  at  Har 


vard  University  in  1786;  was  a 
member  of  Congress  from  1797  to 
1801,  and  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  from  1809  to  1811.  At  the 
time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
March  18,  1840,  in  the  seventy- 
fourth  year  of  his  age,  he  was  Pre 
sident  of  the  Rhode  Island  Bank. 

CHANDLER,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Councillor  and  Senator 
in  Maine  from  1803  to  1805 ;  re 
presented  Massachusetts  in  Con 
gress,  from  1805  to  1808  ;  and  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  in  1820,  being 
one  of  the  first  two  Senators  from 
Maine  after  its  separation  from 
Massachusetts.  In  1829  he  was 
appointed  Collector  of  the  port  of 
Portland. 

CHANDLER,  JOSEPH  R. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts ; 
was  liberally  educated,  and  studied 
law ;  edited  a  newspaper  in  Phila 
delphia  for  many  years ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1849  to  1855; 
and  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Naples  by  President  Buchanan  in 
1858. 

CHANDLER,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1829  to  1833. 

CHANDLER,  ZACHARIAH. 

He  is  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
Michigan,  having  succeeded  Sena 
tor  Cass  in  that  capacity ;  he  took 
his  seat  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


He  is  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  the  District  of  Columbia. 

CHANEY,  JOHN. 

lie  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1833  to  1839. 

CHAPIN,  GRAHAM  IL 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1817  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1835 
to  1837,  and  died  in  1843. 

CHAPMAN,  AUGUSTUS  A. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1847. 

CHAPMAN,  BIRD  B. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and, 
on  removing  to  Nebraska,  was  elect 
ed  a  Delegate,  from  that  Territory, 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

CHAPMAN,  CHARLES. 

Born  at  Xewtown,  Fairfield  Coun 
ty,  Connecticut,  June  21,  1799; 
received  a  classical  education ;  he 
is  a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  was  three 
times  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  State ;  he 
was  United  States  Attorney  during 
the  administration  of  Mr.  Tyler,  and 
a  Representative  in  the  Thirty- 
second  Congress,  from  Connecticut. 

CHAPMAN,  HENRY. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  elected  a  Representative  to  the 


Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  his  na 
tive  State,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary. 

CHAPMAN,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1797 
to  1799. 

CHAPMAN,  JOHN  G. 

He  was  born  in  Charles  County, 
Maryland,  July  5,  1798,  and  died 
December  10,  1856.  He  laid  the 
foundation  of  his  education  at  Yale 
College,  which  he  left  during  his 
senior  term,  on  account  of  his  health, 
and  afterwards  refused  a  diploma 
which  was  tendered  to  him  by  the 
faculty.  He  studied  law  with  Wil 
liam  Wirt,  and,  after  practicing  for 
some  time,  turned  his  attention  to 
politics,  and  between  the  years  1824 
and  1844,  he  was  almost  constantly 
in  the  Legislature  of  Maryland.  In 
1845  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  and  again  re-elect 
ed  in  1847,  serving  on  important 
committees,  and  doing  much  good 
for  his  constituents  and  the  public 
at  large.  He  was  chosen  President 
of  the  Convention  which  framed  the 
present  Constitution  of  Maryland  ; 
and  his  last  public  act  was  to  preside 
as  Chairman  of  the  National  Whig 
Convention,  which  met  in  Baltimore, 
in  1856,  to  nominate  Millard  Fill- 
more  for  the  Presidency.  He  was 
an  eloquent  speaker,  filled  all  his 
public  trusts  with  fidelity,  and  died 
lamented  by  a  large  number  of  warm 
personal  friends. 


102 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


CHAPMAN,  BEUBEN. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Alabama,  from  1835  to  1847. 

CHAPPELL,  JOHN  J. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1813  to  1817. 

CIIARLTON,  ROBERT  M. 

He  was  a  Judge,  and  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  in  1852 
and  1853.  He  died  in  Savannah, 
January  18,  1854. 

CHASE,  DUDLEY. 

Was  born  in  Cornish,  Sullivan 
County,  New  Hampshire,  Decem 
ber  30,  1771.  He  received  an  aca-. 
demic  education,  and  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  College,  in  1791. 
Having  been  admitted  to  the  bar, 
he  commenced  practice  in  Yermont, 
and,  from  1803  to  1811,  he  was 
States'  Attorney  for  Orange  County. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Constitu 
tional  Conventions  of  1814  and 
1822.  He  was  a  Representative, 
from  Randolph,  to  the  Legislature 
of  Vermont,  in  1805,  and  the  seven 
succeeding  years,  during  five  of 
which  he  was  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  and  was  again 
elected  Representative,  from  the 
same  town,  in  1823  and  1824.  He 
was  elected  United  States  Senator, 
from  Vermont,  from  1813  to  1819, 
but  he  resigned  his  seat  in  1817. 
He  was  chosen  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Vermont,  in 
1817,  holding  the  same  office,  by 


annual  re-elections,  until  1821.  He 
then  returned  to  his  profession  of 
the  law  for  a  few  years,  and  in  1824 
he  was  again  chosen  United  States 
Senator,  from  1825  to  1831,  inclu 
sive,  when  hB  retired  wholly  from 
public  life,  and  devoted  his  attention 
to  farming  and  gardening,  of  which 
he  was  excessively  fond.  He  was 
a  brother  of  the  late  Philander 
Chase,  Bishop  of  Illinois  ;  and  died 
at  Randolph,  Vermont,  February 
23,  1846. 

CHASE,  GEORGE  W. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

CHASE,  LUCIEN  B. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1845  to  1847, 
and  for  a  second  term,  ending  in 
1849. 

CHASE,  SALMON  P. 

He  was  born  in  Cornish,  New 
Hampshire,  January  13,  1808.  His 
education-  began  at  home,  and  was 
continued  at  the  schools  and  acade 
mies  of  New  Hampshire  and  Cen 
tral  Ohio,  and  completed  at  the 
Cincinnati  College,  and  at  Dart 
mouth,  in  New  Hampshire.  He 
studied  law,  in  Washington  City, 
with  William  Wirt,  and  has  prac 
ticed  his  profession  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  for  many  years.  His  first 
public  position  was  that  of  School 
Examiner,  in  Cincinnati,  in  1839  ; 
in  1840  he  was  a  City  Councilman ; 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


103 


was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1849  to  1855;  and 
elected  Governor  of  Ohio,  in  1855, 
and  re-elected  in  1857. 

CHASE,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1827  to  1829. 

CHASTAIN,  EDWARD  W. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia,  from  1851  to 
1855. 

CHEATHAM,  RICHARD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1837 
to  1839. 

CHETWOOD,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  New  Jersey,  in    1769  ; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1792;  and  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1798.     During  the  "Whisky  Insur 
rection  he  attended  Major-General 
Lee,  as  aid-de-camp ;  at  one  time  I 
served  in  the  State  Council  of  New 
Jersey,  and  was  elected  to  Congress, 
to  fill  a  vacancy,  during  the  admin 
istration  of  President  Jackson.  He  ! 
was  an  able  lawyer,  practiced  his  | 
profession  until  his  seventieth  year, 
and  died  December  18,  1857. 

CHEVES,  LANGDON. 

He  was  born  in  Abbeville  Dis-  ! 
trict,  South  Carolina,  in  September, 
1776;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1800;  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture  in  1808;  and  afterwards  At 


torney-General  of  the  State.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1811  to  181 6,  and  was  Speaker 
during  the  second  session  of  the 
Thirteenth  Congress.  He  was  also 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  from  1816  to  1819,  and  for 
a  time  President  of  the  United 
States  Bank.  Resigning  this  trust, 
he  returned  to  Carolina,  and  with 
drew  from  public  life.  He  died 
June  25,  1857. 

CHILTON,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

CHILTON,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1827  to  1831,  and 
for  a  second  term,  from  1833  to 
1835. 

CHILDS,  THOMAS,  JR. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  from  that 
State  during  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

CIIILDS,  TIMOTHY. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of 
New  York  in  1828  and  1833  ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1829  to  1831, 
from  1835  to  1839,  and  again  from 
1841  to  1843. 

CHINN,  JOSEPH  W. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1831  to 


104 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1835,  and  died  at  Richmond,  De 
cember  5,  1840. 

CHINN,  THOMAS  W. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and, 
removing  to  Louisiana,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1839  to  1841. 

CHIPMAN,  DANIEL. 

Born  in  17  65  ;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  practiced  at  Ripton,  Vermont. 
He  was  frequently  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  his 
State,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
last  Constitutional  Convention  ;  he 
was  the  first  reporter  of  the  de 
cisions  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and 
the  author  of  an  able  work  on  Law 
Contracts  for  the  Sale  of  Specific 
Articles,  which  is  highly  esteemed 
by  the  profession.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  1814  to  1817, 
and  died  in  Ripton,  April  23,  1850. 

CHIPMAN,  JOHN  S. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Michigan,  from  1845  to  1847. 

CHIPMAN,  NATHANIEL. 

Born  in  Salisbury,  Connecticut, 
November  15,  1752;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1777  ;  and  settled 
as  a  lawyer  in  Tinmouth,  Vermont, 
and  was  Professor  of  Law  for  twen 
ty-eight  years  in  Middlebury  Col 
lege.  In  17  86  he  was  elected  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court;  in 
1789  he  was  chosen  Chief  Justice; 
and  in  1791  was  appointed  Judge 


of  the  United  States  District  Court. 
He  was  subsequently  again  elected 
Chief  Justice,  and  from  1797  to 
1802  he  was  a  member  of  the  Uni 
ted  States  Senate.  In  1793  he  pub 
lished  "  Sketches  of  the  Principles 
of  Government,"  and  "Reports  and 
Dissertations."  He  died  at  Tin- 
mouth,  February  15,  1843. 

CHIPMAN,  WILLIAM  W. 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
from  the  Territory  of  Iowa,  from 
1839  to  1841. 

CIIITTENDEN,  MARTIN. 

He  was  born  in  1769,  in  Salis 
bury,  Connecticut.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  Vermont, 
from  1803  to  1813,  and  Governor 
of  Vermont  in  1813  and  1814.  He 
was  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  Col 
lege  in  1789,  and  died  in  1840. 

CHOATE,  RUFUS. 

Was  born  at  Ipswich,  Massachu 
setts,  in  October,  1799.  He  gradu 
ated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1819, 
and  was  afterwards  chosen  a  tutor 
in  that  institution,  but  having  se 
lected  the  law  for  his  profession,  he 
entered  the  law  school  at  Cambridge. 
He  completed  his  legal  studies  at 
an  office  in  Salem,  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the 
town  of  Danvers,  in  1824.  In  1825 
he  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Massachusetts  Legislature,  and 
in  1827  he  was  in  the  Senate  of  the 
same  State.  He  took  a  prominent 
part  in  the  debates,  and  won  much 
reputation  by  his  energy  and  saga- 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKKTCHBI. 


L05 


city."  In  1832  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  Congress  from  the  Es 
sex  District,  but  declined  a  re-elec 
tion  in  1 834,  and  remored  to  Bos 
ton,  to  devote  himself  to  bin  profes 
sion.  Here  he  took  an  eminent 
position  at  the  bar,  and  soon  came 
into  an  extensive  practice.  In  1841, 
on  the  retirement  of  Mr.  Webster 
from  the  Senate,  Mr.  Cboate  waf 
elected  to  fill  the  vacancy,  bat  he 
afterwards  resigned  his  seat,  and 
gave  himself  up  wholly  to  his  pro 
fession.  Jle  was  a  Regent  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  but  holds 
no  public  office  now. 

CHRISMAN,  JAMES  8. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

CHRISTIE,  GABRIEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1793  to 
1797,  and  from  1799  to  1801. 

CHRISTIE,   HENRY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  Kentucky,  from  1809  to 
1811. 

CHURCH  WELL,  WILLIAM  W. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1852  to  1855. 

CILLEY,  BRADBURY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1813  to  1814. 


CILLEY,  JONATHAN. 

He  was  born  in  Maine  in  1803; 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in 
1825;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law ;  was  at  one  time  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  of 
Maine  ;  and  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  1 837  to  the  time  of  his  death. 
He  was  killed,  at  the  third  fire,  in  a 
duel  fought  with  William  J.  Graves, 
at  JJladensburg,  Maryland,  Febru 
ary  24,  1838,  with  rifles,  at  eighty 
yards  distance. 

CILLEY,  JOSEPH 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1846 
to  1847. 

CLAGETT,  CLIFTON. 
He  was  born  in  Rockingham 
County,  New  Hampshire ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1803  to  1805 ;  and 
again  from  1817  to  1821. 

CLAIBORSE,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1805  to 
1808. 

CLAI BORNE,  JOHN  P.  H. 

Was  a  native  of  Natchez,  Mis 
sissippi,  educated  and  licensed  at  ft 
lawyer  in  Virginia ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Legislature  of  Mis 
sissippi  during  three  sessions,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1835  to  1838 ;  has  since  conducted 
the  Natchez  Fur  Trader,  and  Lou 
isiana  Courier,  leading  journals  of 


106 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  South,  and  is  editor  of  an  agri 
cultural  journal,  published  in  New 
Orleans.  He  holds  the  office  of 
United  States  Timber  Agent,  for 
the  District  of  Louisiana  and  Mis 
sissippi,  to  which  he  was  appointed 
by  President  Pierce.  He  is  said 
to  be  engaged  on  a  historical  work 
relating  to  the  Southwest. 

CLAIBORNE,  NATHANIEL  II. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1825  to  1837. 

CLAIBORNE,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1793  to 
1799,  and  again  from  1801  to  1805. 

CLAIBOIINE,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1817  to 
1819. 

CLAIBORNE,  WILLIAM  C.  C. 

He  studied  law,  and  settled  in 
Tennessee,  of  which  State  he  as 
sisted  in  forming  the  Constitution, 
and  afterwards  represented  it  in 
Congress,  from  1797  to  1801.  In 
1801  he  was  appointed  Governor  of 
the  Mississippi  Territory,  and  in 
1804  of  Louisiana,  and  to  that  of 
fice  he  was  also  chosen  by  the  peo 
ple,  after  the  adoption  of  its  Con 
stitution,  from  1812  to  1816.  He 
was  then  elected  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  but  died  before  he 
took  his  seat,  at  New  Orleans,  No 
vember  23,  1817. 


CLAPP,  ASA  W.  H. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

CLARK,  ABRAHAM. 

Born  near  Elizabethtown,  New 
Jersey,  February  15,  1726.  He 
was  a  self-made  man,  and,  because 
of  his  habit  of  giving  legal  advice 
gratuitously,  he  was  called  the 
"Poor  Man's  Counsellor."  He 
was  sheriff,  and  clerk  of  the  Co 
lonial  Assembly,  one  of  the  Dele 
gates  to  the  Continental  Congress, 
and  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  ;  and,  after  the  adop 
tion  of  the  Constitution,  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1791 
to  1794.  He  died  September  15, 
1794,  of  stroke  of  the  sun. 

CLARK,  ARCHIBALD  S. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Senate  for  four  years,  begin 
ning  with  1813,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1816  to  1817. 

CLARK,  BAYARD. 
He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was   a  Representative   from   New 
York,   in   the   Thirty-fourth    Con 
gress. 

CLARK,  BEVERLY  S. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Kentucky,  from  1847  to  1849. 

CLARK,  CHRISTOPHER. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


107 


gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1804  to 
1806. 

CLARK,  DANIEL. 

Born  in  Stratham,  Rockingham 
County,  New  Hampshire,  October 
24, 1801) ;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1 834 ;  is  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession  ;  was  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  in  1842,  1843,  and  1846,  and 
again  in  1854  and  1855.  In  1857 
he  was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Claims  and  Public 
Buildings  and  Grounds. 

CLARK,  EZRA,  JR. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 
having  removed  to  Connecticut, 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Elections. 

CLARK,  FRANKLIN. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

CLARK,  HORACE  F. 

He  was  born  in  Southbury,  New 
Haven  County,  Connecticut ;  gra 
duated  at  Williams  College,  Massa 
chusetts  ;  adopted  the  law  as  a 
profession  ;  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  New 
York,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary.  He 
has  also  been  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress. 


CLARK,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1813  to 
1816,  and  again  from  1825  to  1831, 
and  was  Governor  of  the  State  in 
1836.  He  died  at  Frankfort,  Ken 
tucky,  August  27,  1839. 

CLARK,  JAMES  W. 

Born  in  Bertie  County,  North 
Carolina ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1796;  was  for  several 
years  in  the  House  of  Commons; 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1812; 
three  years  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1815  to  1817.  He 
was  in  1828  appointed  Chief  Clerk 
of  the  Navy  Department,  and  died 
in  the  sixty-fifth  year  of  his  age. 

CLARK,  JOHN  B. 

Born  in  Madison  County,  Ken 
tucky,  April  17,  1802.  A  lawyer 
by  profession ;  removed  to  Mis 
souri,  and  was  appointed  Clerk  of 
Howard  County  Court,  in  1824, 
serving  till  1834.  In  1832  com 
manded  a  regiment  of  mounted 
militia  during  the  Black  Hawk 
war,  and  made  major-general  of 
militia  in  1848;  elected  to  the 
Legislature  during  the  session  of 
1850-51 ;  was  chosen,  by  the  State, 
as  commanding  officer  to  expel  the 
Mormons  from  Missouri,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Territories.  He  has  been  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 


108 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


CLARK,  LINCOLN. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and,  on  removing  to  Iowa,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

CLARK,  LOT. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1823  to  1825,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  Postmaster  at  Norwich,  j 
New  York ;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  Assembly  in  1846. 

CLARK,   M.  S. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  during 
the  years  1820  and  1821. 

CLARK,  ROBERT. 

He  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  New  York,  was  a  member 
of  the  Assembly  of  that  State,  from 
1812  to  1815  ;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1819  to  1821 ;  and 
a,  delegate  to  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  held  in  the  latter 
year. 

CLARK,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1833  to  1835. 

CLARK,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and, 
on  removing  to  Michigan,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853  to 
1855. 


CLARK,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  for  some  time,  prior  to 
1828,  State  Treasurer  of  Pennsyl 
vania.  In  1828  was  appointed 
Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  and 
held  the  office  for  one  year.  From 
1833  to  183T  he  was  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  in 
Congress.  He  died  in  Dauphin 
County,  Pennsylvania,  April  28, 
1851. 

CLARKE,  BAYARD. 

Born  in  New  York  City,  March 
IT,  1815  ;  educated  at  Geneva  Col 
lege,  and  studied  law.  In  1836  he 
was  Attache  and  Secretary  to  Gene 
ral  Cass's  Embassy  to  France,  and 
continued  in  that  position  four 
years.  He  then  took  a  course  of 
study  at  the  Royal  School  of  Ca 
valry,  in  France,  and  afterwards 
served  in  the  2d  Regiment  of  dra 
goons,  through  the  Florida  war. 
He  resigned  in  1843,  and  settled  at 
Westchester,  New  York,  which  Dis 
trict  he  represented  in  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

CLARKE,  CHARLES  E. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 
In  1839  and  1840  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly, 
from  Jefferson  County. 

CLARKE,   DANIEL. 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
from  the  Territory  of  Orleans  or 
Louisiana,  from  1806  to  1809. 


B  i  o  (j  R  A  p  ii  i  c  A  L    SKETCHES. 


109 


CLARKE,  HENRY  S. 

Born  in  Beaufort  County,  North 
Carolina.  lie  studied  law ;  went 
into  the  State  Legislature  in  1834; 
was  Solicitor  for  the  State  in  1842; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  North  Carolina,  from  1845  to 
1847. 

CLARKE,  JOHN  C. 

lie  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
served  in  the  Assembly  of  New 
York  in  1826;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  182T  to  1829,  and  again 
from  1837  to  1843. 

CLARKE,  JOHN  H. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Rhode  Island,  from  1847  to 
1853. 

CLARKE,  STALEY  N. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1841 
to  1843. 

CLAWSON,  ISAIAH  D. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and  ! 
was  elected  a  Representative  from  j 
that  State  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a  member  i 
of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Claims. 

CLAY,  CLEMENT  C. 

He  was  born  in  Halifax  County, 
Virginia,  December  17,  1789  ;  gra 
duated  at  the  University  of  East  ; 
Tennessee ;    studied   law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1809;  and 


removed  to  Huntsville,  Alabama,  in 
1811,  where  he  has  resided  ever 
since.  During  the  Creek  war,  he 
saw  some  service  as  a  soldier.  He 
practiced  his  profession  until  1817, 
when  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Territorial  Council  of  Alabama; 
in  1819  he  was  chosen  one  of  the 
Judges  of  the  Circuit  Court;  in 
1820  was  chosen  Chief  Justice  of 
that  Court,  and  resigned  in  1823; 
in  1828  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  was  made  Speaker; 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Alabama,  from  1827  to 
1835;  in  1835  he  was  elected  Go 
vernor  of  Alabama,  serving  two 
years;  and  in  1837  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress  for  the  term 
ending  in  1842. 

CLAY,  CLEMENT  C,  JR. 

He  was  born  in  Madison,  Ala 
bama,  about  the  year  1819  ;  gra 
duated  at  the  University  of  Ala 
bama,  and  spent  two  years  at  the 
University  of  Virginia ;  studied  law 
and  commenced  the  practice  at 
Huntsville,  Alabama,  in  1840; 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  Ala 
bama  in  1842,  1844,  and  1845 ;  and 
was  elected  by  the  Legislature,  in 
1846,  Judge  of  the  Madison  County 
Court,  serving  two  years,  when  he 
resigned.  In  1853  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Ala 
bama,  and  in  1857  was  re-elected 
for  the  term  of  six  years,  receiving 
every  vote  in  the  Legislature.  He 
is  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Commerce  and  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Pensions. 


110 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


CLAY,  HENRY. 

Born  in  Hanover  County,  Vir 
ginia,  April  12,  17 IT.  Having  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education, 
he  became  at  an  early  age,  a  copy 
ist  in  the  office  of  the  clerk  of  the 
Court  of  Chancery,  at  Richmond. 
At  nineteen  he  commenced  the  study 
of  law,  and  shortly  afterwards  re 
moved  to  Lexington,  Kentucky, 
where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  ! 
in  1799,  and  soon  obtained  exten 
sive  practice.  He  began  his  political 
career,  by  taking  an  active  part  in 
the  election  of  delegates  to  frame 
a  new  constitution  for  the  State  of 
Kentucky.  In  1803  he  was  elected  j 
to  the  Legislature  by  the  citizens  of  | 
Fayette  County;  and  in  1806  he 
was  appointed  to  the  United  States 
Senate  for  the  remainder  of  the 
term  of  General  Adair,  who  had 
resigned.  In  1807  he  was  again 
elected  a  member  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  Kentucky,  and  was 
chosen  Speaker.  In  the  following 
year  occurred  his  duel  with  Hum 
phrey  Marshall.  In  1809  he  was 
again  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  for  the  unexpired  term  of 
Mr.  Thurston,  resigned.  In  1811 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  and  was 
chosen  Speaker,  on  the  first  day  of 
his  appearance  in  that  body,  and 
was  five  times  re-elected  to  this  of 
fice.  During  this  session,  his  elo 
quence  aroused  the  country  to  resist 
the  aggressions  of  Great  Britain, 
and  awakened  a  national  spirit,  lii 
1814,  he  was  appointed  one  of  the 
Commissioners  to  negotiate  a  treaty 


of  peace  at  Ghent.  Returning 
from  this  mission,  he  was  re-elected 
to  Congress,  and  in  1818,  he  spoke 
in  favor  of  recognizing  the  inde 
pendence  of  the  South  American 
Republics.  In  the  same  year,  he 
put  forth  his  strength  in  behalf  of 
a  national  system  of  internal  im 
provements.  A  monument  of  stone, 
inscribed  with  his  name,  was  erected 
on  the  Cumberland  road,  to  com 
memorate  his  services  in  behalf  of 
that  improvement.  In  the  session 
of  1819-20,  he  exerted  himself  for 
the  establishment  of  protection  to 
American  industry,  and  this  was 
followed  by  services  in  adjusting 
the  Missouri  Compromise.  After 
the  settlement  of  these  questions, 
he  withdrew  from  Congress,  in  order 
to  attend  to  his  private  affairs.  In 
1823  he  returned  to  Congress  and 
was  re-elected  Speaker ;  and  at  this 
session  he  exerted  himself  in  sup 
port  of  the  independence  of  Greece. 
Under  John  Quincy  Adams,  he 
filled  the  office  of  Secretary  of  State ; 
the  attack  upon  Mr.  Adams's  ad 
ministration,  and  especially  upon 
the  Secretary  of  State,  by  John 
Randolph,  led  to  a  hostile  meet 
ing  between  him  and  Mr.  Clay, 
which  terminated  without  blood 
shed.  In  1829  he  returned  to  Ken 
tucky;  and  in  1831  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  Senate,  where  he 
commenced  his  labors  in  favor  of 
the  Tariff;  in  the  same  month  of 
his  reappearance  in  the  Senate,  he 
was  unanimously  nominated  for  Pre 
sident  of  the  United  States.  In 
1836  he  was  re-elected  to  the  Se- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Ill 


nate,  where  he  remained  until  1842, 
when  he  resigned,  and  took  his  final 
leave,  as  he  supposed,  of  that  body. 
In  1839  he  was  again  nominated 
for  the  Presidency,  but  General 
Harrison  was  selected  as  the  can 
didate.  He  also  received  the  nomi 
nation,  in  1844,  for  President,  and 
was  defeated  in  this  election  by  Mr. 
Polk.  He  remained  in  retirement 
in  Kentucky,  until  1849,  when  he 
was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States.  Here  he  devoted 
all  his  energies  to  the  measures 
known  as  the  Compromise  Acts. 
His  efforts  during  this  session 
weakened  his  strength,  and  he  went 
for  his  health  to  Havana  and  New 
Orleans,  but  with  no  permanent 
advantage;  he  returned  to  Wash 
ington,  but  was  unable  to  partici 
pate  in  the  active  duties  of  the 
Senate,  and  resigned  his  seat,  to 
take  effect  upon  the  Gth  of  Septem 
ber,  1852.  He  died  in  Washington 
City,  June  29,  1852.  He  was  in 
terested  in  the  success  of  the  Co 
lonization  Society,  and  was  for  a 
long  time  one  of  its  most  efficient 
officers,  and  also  its  president.  His 
Life  and  Letters,  and  also  his 
Speeches,  were  published  in  several 
volumes  by  the  late  Calvin  Colton. 

CLAY,  JAMES  B. 

Born  in  Washington  City,  No 
vember  9,  1817.  He  received  his 
classical  education  at  Transylvania 
University  in  Kentucky,  and  at  the 
age  of  fifteen  went  to  Boston,  where 
he  spent  two  years  in  a  counting- 
house.  From  Boston  he  emigrated 


to  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  then  a  city 
of  only  eight  thousand,  and  settled 
upon  a  farm;  and  when  twenty-one 
years  of  age,  he  returned  to  Ken 
tucky.  After  spending  two  years 
in  the  manufacturing  business,  he 
graduated  at  the  Law  School  of 
Lexington,  and  practiced  law  as  the 
partner  of  his  father,  the  Honorable 
Henry  Clay,  until  1849;  and  dur 
ing  that  year  President  Taylor  ap 
pointed  him  Charge  d'Affaires  to 
Lisbon  ;  and  having  returned  home 
by  order  of  the  Government,  he  was 
mentioned  by  name  in  President 
Fillmore's  Message  of  1850.  In 
1851  he  again  took  up  his  residence 
in  Missouri,  but  returned  to  Ken 
tucky  in  1853,  when  he  became  the 
proprietor  of  Ashland.  He  was 
elected  to  Congress  in  1857,  and 
still  continues  a  member,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Re 
lations. 

CLAY,  JOSEPH. 

He  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1784  ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1803  to  1808;  and  died  in 
1811. 

CLAY,  MATTHEW. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1797  to 
1813. 

CLAYTON,  AUGUSTIN  S. 

Born  in  Fredericksburg,  Virginia, 

November  27,  1783,  and  died  at  his 

residence,  in  Athens,  Georgia,  June 

21,  1839.     He  was  educated  at  the 


112 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


University  of  Georgia ;  read  law, 
and  practiced  it  with  eminent  suc 
cess  ;  served  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  ;  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1831  to 
1835.  He  was  for  many  years 
skeptical  on  the  subject  of  the 
Christian  religion,  but  at  the  time 
of  his  death  was  a  sincere  believer, 
and  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  He  acquii'ed 
some  distinction  as  a  politician, 
and  the  political  pamphlet  called 
"  Crockett's  Life  of  Yan  Buren,"  is 
said  to  have  been  the  production  of 
his  pen. 

CLAYTON,  JOHN  M. 

Born  in  Sussex  County,  Dela 
ware,  July  24,  1796  ;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1815  ;  was  bred  to 
the  bar,  having  studied  law  in  the 
office  of  John  Clayton,  and  for  a 
time  in  the  law  school  at  Litchfield, 
Connecticut.  He  commenced  prac 
tice  in  1818,  and  soon  attained  emi 
nence  in  his  profession.  He  was, 
in  1824,  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  subsequently  Secretary 
of  State  of  Delaware  ;  and  in  1829 
was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1835,  and  re 
signed  in  December,  1836.  In 
January,  1837,  was  appointed  Chief 
Justice  of  Delaware,  which  office  he 
resigned  in  1839.  He  was  again 
elected  to  the  Federal  Senate  in 
1845,  and  was  a  Senator  until  1849, 
when  he  became  Secretary  of  State 
under  President  Taylor,  which  po 
sition  he  occupied  until  the  death 


of  Taylor,  in  July,  1850.  During 
this  period  he  negotiated  the  famous 
Clay  ton- Bulwer  Treaty.  He  was 
for  the  third  time  elected  to  the  Se 
nate,  and  took  his  seat  March,  1851, 
and  died  a  Senator,  November  9, 
1856.  During  his  last  term  in  the 
Senate,  he  vindicated,  with  marked 
ability,  the  principles  of  the  treaty 
which  he  inaugurated.  At  the  bar 
he  was  a  learned  lawyer  and  an  elo 
quent  advocate ;  and  during  his 
whole  public  career  acquitted  him 
self  uprightly,  with  dignity,  and  re 
cognized  ability.  He  had  two  sons, 
both  of  whom  preceded  him  to  the 
grave. 

CLAYTON,  JOSHUA. 

He  was  the  Governor  of  Dela 
ware  from  1793  to  1796,  and  was 
chosen  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  in  1798,  and  died  the  follow 
ing  year. 

CLAYTON,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Delaware,  from  1813  to 
1817,  and  United  States  Senator 
from  1823  to  1826,  and  again  from 
1837  to  1847.  He  had  been  at  dif 
ferent  periods  a  member  of  the 
Delaware  Legislature,  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and 
of  the  Superior  Court.  He  died  in 
Newcastle,  Delaware,  August  21, 
1854,  aged  seventy-six  years. 

CLEAVELAND,   J.   F. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia,  from  1836  to 
1839,  but  subsequently  removed  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


113 


Charleston,  where  he  became  a  mer 
chant,  and  died  May  19,  1841. 

CLEMENS,  JEREMIAH. 

He  was  born  in  Huntsville,  Ala 
bama,  December  28,  1814,  and  was 
educated  at  La  Grange  College,  and 
the  University  of  Alabama.  He 
studied  law  at  the  University  of 
Transylvania,  in  Kentucky,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1834.  In 
1838  he  was  appointed  United 
States  Attorney  for  the  Northern 
District  of  Alabama;  in  1839,  1840,  ! 
and  1841  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature;  in  1842  raised  a 
company  of  volunteer  troop's,  and 
went  to  Texas,  having  been  ap 
pointed  lieutenant-colonel,  and  sub 
sequently,  to  the  same  office  in 
the  regular  army;  in  1843  and 
1844  he  was  again  elected  to  the 
Legislature;  in  1844  served  as  a 
Presidential  Elector;  in  1848  was 
appointed  Governor  of  the  Civil 
and  Military  Department  of  Pur 
chase  in  Mexico,  which  position  he 
held  until  the  close  of  the  war ;  and 
he  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Alabama,  from  1849  to  1853.  He 
was  also  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1856.  As  an  author  Mr.  Clemens 
has  published  two  novels,  entitled 
"  Bernard  Lile"  and  "  Mustang 
Gray,"  the  first  in  1853,  and  the 
last  in  1857.  He  is  now  an  editor. 

CLEMENS,    SHERRARD. 

Born  at  Wheeling,  Virginia, 
April  28, 1826 ;  graduated  at  Wash 
ington  College,  Pennsylvania;  a  law 
yer  by  profession,  and  during  politi 


cal  campaigns  has  held  several  confi 
dential  positions  in  his  native  State ; 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  from  December,  1852,  to 
March,  1853,  and  elected  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Manufactures  and 
Revolutionary  Pensions. 

CLENDENEN,  DAVID. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1815  to 
1811. 

CLEVELAND,  CHAUNCEV  F. 

Born  in  Hampton,  Connecticut, 
in  1799 ;  was  educated  in  the  com 
mon  schools  of  that  vicinity ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1819  ;  he  was  in  the  Connecticut 
Legislature  in  1826,  1827,  1828, 

1829,  1832,    1835,    1836,    1838, 
1847,  and  1848,  and  twice  elected 
Speaker  ;  he  was  appointed  Attor 
ney  for  the  State  in  1832;  and  was 
Governor  of  Connecticut  in  1842 
and  1843.     He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1 849  to  1 853. 

CLIFFORD,    NATHAN. 

He  was  born  in  Rumney,  Grafton 
County,  New  Hamsphire,  August 
18,  1803.  He  fitted  for  College  at 
the  Haverhill  Academy,  and  com 
pleted  his  education  at  the  Hamp 
ton  Literary  Institution.  He  stu 
died  law,  and,  after  being  admitted 
to  the  bar,  removed  to  Maine  in 
1827.  He  was  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature,  from  York  County,  in 

1830,  and  re-elected  for  three  years, 
during  the  last  two  occupying  the 


114 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


post  of  Speaker.  In  1834  he  was 
appointed  Attorney-General  for  the 
State  of  Maine,  which  office  he  held 
four  years ;  and  he  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1839  to 
1843.  In  1846  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Polk,  Attorney-Gene 
ral  of  the  United  States,  which 
office  he  held  until  March,  184T, 
when  he  was  appointed  Commis 
sioner  to  Mexico.  When  peace 
was  declared  between  this  country 
and  Mexico,  he  was  appointed  Min 
ister  to  that  Republic ;  on  his  return 
to  the  United  States  he  settled  in 
Portland,  devoting  himself  to  his 
profession ;  and  in  1858  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Buchanan,  an 
Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States. 


CLINCH,  DUNCAN  L. 

Was  a  general  in  the  United 
States  army;  and  from  1843  to 
1845  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  Georgia.  He  was  a  brave 
soldier  and  noble-hearted  man. 
Died  at  Macon,  Georgia,  October 
28,  1849. 

CLINGMAN,  THOMAS  L. 

Born  in  Huntsville,  Surry  Co., 
North  Carolina.  He  commenced 
his  classical  studies  under  private 
instructors,  and  afterwards  entered 
Chapel  Hill  University  as  a  sopho 
more,  where  he  graduated.  After 
leaving  Chapel  Hill  he  studied  law, 
and  in  a  short  time  mastered  the 
elementary  principles  of  legal  juris 


prudence  ;  but  just  as  he  was  about 
to  enter  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  he  was  elected   to   the 
House  of  Commons  of  the  State. 
On  his  retirement  from  the  Legis 
lature  in  1836,  he  removed  to  Ash- 
ville,  in  Buncombe  County,  where 
he  still  resides.     He  was  soon  after 
elected  by  a  large  vote  to  a  seat  in 
the  State  Senate  of  North  Caro 
lina.     In    1843  he  was  elected  to 
Congress,  and  with  the  exception 
of  one  term,  he  has  been  a  member, 
until  recently,  of  the  House  of  Re 
presentatives   ever    since    his   first 
election — a  period  of  about  thirteen 
years.     On   entering    the    Tliirty- 
fifth    Congress,  he  was   appointed 
Chairman    of    the    Committee    on 
Foreign  Affairs,  and  on  the  resig 
nation  of  Senator   Biggs,  he  was 
appointed  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
and  in  November,  1858,  his  appoint 
ment  was  confirmed  by  an  election 
by    the    Legislature.     Though    so 
long  identified  with  politics,  he  has 
not  neglected  the  pursuits  of  litera 
ture  and  science,  having  made  him 
self  acquainted  with  the   soil,  cli 
mate,  and  manifold  capabilities  of 
his  section  of  North  Carolina ;  and 
from  time  to  time  has  given  to  the 
world  the  result  of  his  observations 
upon  these  subjects.     He  has  made 
contributions  to  the  sciences  of  ge 
ology  and  mineralogy,  and  brought 
to  light  many  facts  connected  with 
the  mountains  of  North  Carolina, 
one  of  the  highest  peaks  of  which 
it  was  his  fortune  to  explore  and 
measure,  and  which  now  bears  his 
name. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


IK) 


CLINTON,  DE  WITT. 

Born  at  Little  Britain,  in  Orange 
County,  New  York,  March  2,  1769. 
lie  graduated  at  Columbia  College, 
with  the  highest  honors,  in  1786. 
lie  studied  law,  but  never  engaged 
much  in  its  practice.  He  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Senate  of  New  York  in 
1799.  In  July  1802  he  fought  a 
duel  with  Mr.  Swartwout,  arising 
from  political  controversy  concern 
ing  Mr.  Burr.  He  was  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States  from  1802  to 
1803,  and  was  chosen  Mayor  of 
New  York  in  1803,  holding  this 
office  until  1815,  excepting  the  years 
1807  and  1810.  While  he  was 
Mayor,  he  was  also  for  several  years 
a  State  Senator,  and  the  lieutenant- 
governor.  Under  his  auspices,  also, 
the  Historical  Society  of  New  York 
and  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  were 
incorporated,  the  New  York  City 
Hall  was  founded,  the  Orphan  Asy 
lum  established,  and  the  city  forti 
fied.  He  took  a  great  interest,  as 
early  as  1817,  in,  and  did  more  than 
any  other  man  in  behalf  of,  the  Erie 
Canal,  and  that  great  work  was 
finished  during  his  administration 
as  Governor,  in  1825.  In  1812  he 
consented  to  become  the  candidate 
of  the  peace  party  for  the  Presi 
dency  of  the  United  States.  In 
1823  and  1824  he  was  President  of 
the  Board  of  Canal  Commissioners, 
and  during  the  latter  year  was  elect 
ed  Governor  of  the  State,  and  in 
1826  was  re-elected  to  the  same 
office ;  he  afterwads  declined  the 
embassy  to  England,  offered  to  him 


by  President  Adams.     He  died  at 
Albany,  February,  11,  1828. 

CLINTON,  GEORGE. 

Born  in  Ulster  County,  New 
York,  July  26,  1739,  and  died  at 
Washington  City,  April  20,  1812. 
He  commenced  life  by  sailing  in  a 
privateer;  served  as  a  lieutenant  in 
the  expedition  against  Fort  Fron- 
tenac ;  he  afterwards  studied  law  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Colonial  As 
sembly,  and  also  of  the  Provincial 
Congress  in  1775 ;  he  was  appoint 
ed  a  brigadier-general  in  1777  ;  was 
Governor  of  New  York  for  eighteen 
years;  from  1795  to  1800  he  lived 
in  retirement ;  was  again  chosen 
Governor  in  1804;  and  having  been 
elected  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States  during  the  last  year,  he  re 
tained  the  office  until  his  death, 
consequently  officiating  as  President 
of  the  Senate  a  period  of  eight  years. 

CLINTON,  GEORGE,  JR. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ;  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  As 
sembly  in  1801  and  1802;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1804  to  1809. 

CLINTON,  JAMES  G. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1841  to  1845. 

CLOPTON,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1795  to 
1799,  and  again  from  1801  to  1816. 


116 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


CLOWN  EY,  W.  K. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina ; 
graduated  at  the  South  Carolina 
College  in  1818  ;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law ;  was  Commissioner 
in  Equity  of  South  Carolina ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1835, 
and  again  from  1831  to  1839. 


CLYMER,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  patriot  of  the  Revolu 
tion,  and  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
1739.  He  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits,  and  early  espoused  the 
cause  of  his  country.  In  1773  he 
resolutely  opposed  the  sale  of  tea 
sent  out  by  the  British  government, 
and  not  a  pound  was  sold  in  Phila 
delphia.  In  1775  he  was  one  of 
the  first  Continental  Treasurers. 
In  1776  he  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  and  signed  the  Declaration 
of  Independence.  In  1774  his  fur 
niture  was  destroyed  by  the  enemy. 
In  1780  he  co-operated  with  Robert  j 
Morris  in  the  establishment  of  a 
bank  for  the  relief  of  the  country. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  old  Con 
gress  in  1780,  and  a  Representative, 
under  the  Constitution,  from  1789 
to  1791.  In  1791  he  was  placed 
at  the  head  of  the  Excise  Depart 
ment  in  Pennsylvania.  In  1796  he 
was  sent  to  Georgia  to  negotiate  a 
treaty  with  the  Creek  and  Chero 
kee  Indians.  He  was  afterwards 
President  of  the  Philadelphia  Bank 
and  of  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts. 
He  died  at  Morrisville,  Bucks  Coun 
ty,  January  23,  1813. 


COBB,  DAVID. 

He  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1783  ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1793  to  1795 ;  and  was  also  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature. 
He  died  in  1830. 

COBB,  HOWELL. 

The  uncle  of  Secretary  Cobb,  and 
for  whom  he  was  named,  was  born 
in  Granville,  North  Carolina,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Georgia,  from  1807  to  1812. 
During  the  last  war  with  England 
he  served  with  credit  as  a  captain 
in  the  army,  and  after  peace  was 
declared,  ho  settled  upon  a  planta 
tion,  and  devoted  his  whole  atten 
tion  to  agriculture.  He  died  about 
the  year  1820. 

COBB,  HOWELL. 

He  was  born  in  Jefferson  County, 
Georgia,  September  7,  1815.  When 
a  child,  his  father  removed  to  Athens, 
Georgia,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
He  graduated  at  Franklin  College 
in  1834 ;  he  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1836 ;  in 
1837  he  received  the  appointment 
of  Solicitor-General  of  the  Western 
Circuit,  which  he  held  four  years  ; 
and  he  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  in  1842,  having  been 
re-elected  in  1844,  1846,  and  1848, 
and  during  his  latter  term  he  was 
elected  Speaker.  On  his  retire 
ment  from  Congress,  he  was  chosen 
Governor  of  Georgia;  in  1855  he 
was  again  elected  to  Congress ;  and 
on  the  accession  of  Mr.  Buchanan 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


117 


to  the  Presidency,  Governor  Cobb 
went  into  his  cabinet  us  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  where  he  still  con 
tinues. 

COBB,  THOMAS  W. 

He  was  born  in  Buckingham 
County,  A'irginia,  and  attained  a 
high  position  as  a  lawyer.  lie  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  from  1817  to  1821,  and 
again  from  1823  to  1824;  and  he 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
1824  to  1828.  He  was  subse 
quently  chosen  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
perior  Court,  and  died  at  Greens- 
borough  in  1830. 

COBB,  WILLIAMSON,  R.  W. 

He  was  born  in  Ray  County, 
Tennessee,  in  1807,  and  in  1809  his 
father  removed  to  Madison  County, 
Alabama,  with  the  prosperity  of 
which  State  his  name  has  been 
identified  for  many  years.  He  re 
ceived  a  good  common  school  edu 
cation,  and  then  turned  his  attention 
to  farming.  From  this  pursuit  he 
was  called,  in  1845,  to  a  seat  in  the 
State  Legislature,  where  he  re 
mained  two  years.  In  1847  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Alabama,  in  which  ca 
pacity  he  has  served  his  adopted 
State,  by  successive  re-elections, 
down  to  the  present  time.  During 
eight  years  of  his  Congressional  ca 
reer,  he  has  officiated  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Unfinished 
Business,  and  the  balance  of  the 
time  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 


on  Public  Lands.  The  credit  is 
awarded  to  him  of  having  engi 
neered  through  Congress  the  Boun 
ty  Land  Bill  of  1850,  and  the  Gra 
duation  Bill  of  1854. 


COCHRAN,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  major  of  militia,  and 
represented  the  State  of  New  York 
in  Congress,  from  1797  to  1799. 
He  died  at  Oswego,  New  York, 
November  7,  1848,  aged  seventy- 
nine  years. 

COCHRANE,  C.  B. 

Born  in  New  Boston,  New  Hamp 
shire,  May  31,  1815;  graduated  at 
Union  College,  Schenectady,  New 
York ;  a  lawyer  by  profession ; 
member  of  the  New  York  Legisla 
ture  in  1843  and  1844  ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in 
the  War  Department.  He  has  also 
been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

COCHRANE,  JOHN. 

Born  at  Palatine,  Montgomery 
County,  New  York ;  studied  at 
Union  and  graduated  at  Hamilton 
College,  New  York ;  is  a  lawyrr  by 
profession;  was  Surveyorof  the  port 
of  New  York  for  four  years,  and 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress. 
He  is  the  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Commerce.  He  has  also 
been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 


118 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


COCKE,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Brunswick  Coun 
ty,  Yirginia,  in  1772;  in  early  life 
he  emigrated  to  Tennessee,  adopted 
the  profession  of  law,  and  became  a 
member  of  the  first  Legislature  of 
the  State,  in  1796  ;  he  was  Speaker 
of  the  House  for  many  years,  and 
also  a  member  of  the  Senate.  From 
1819  to  1827  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  his  adopted 
State.  He  died  in  Grundy  County, 
Tennessee,  February  16,  1854. 

COCKE,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1796  to  1797, 
and  again  from  1799  to  1805,  and 
was  appointed  in  1814,  by  President 
Madison,  Indian  Agent  for  the 
Chickasaw  nation. 

COCKE,  WILLIAM  M. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1847, 
and  for  a  second  term,  ending  in 
1849. 

COCKERELL,  JOSEPH  R. 

He  was  born  in  Yirginia,  and, 
having  removed  to  Ohio,  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Public  Expenditures 
and  Expenses  in  the  War  Depart 
ment. 

COCKRAN,  JAMES. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  North  Carolina,  from  1809  to 
1813. 


COFFEE,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  Georgia,  from  1833  to  1837, 
and  died  in  Telfair  County,  of  that 
State,  September  25,  1836. 

COFFIN,  CHARLES  G. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1838  to 
1839. 

COFFIN,  PELEG. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1793  to  1795. 

COIT,  JOSHUA. 

Born  in  New  London,  Conn.,  Oc 
tober  7,  1758 ;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  in  1776 ;  he  studied 
law  and  settled  in  New  London  in 
1779;  and  he  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1793  to  1798. 
He  also  served  a  number  of  years 
in  the  Legislature  of  Connecticut. 
Died  in  New  London,  September 
5,  1798,  of  yellow  fever. 

COKE,  RICHARD. 

He  was  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  possessed  talents  of  a  high 
order,  and  an  energy  seldom  equal 
ed.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Yirginia,  from  1829 
to  1833,  and  for  many  years  a  pro 
minent  member  of  the  bar.  He  died 
in  Abiugdon,  Yirginia,  March  30, 
1851. 

COLCOCK,  WILLIAM  F. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina ; 
graduated  at  the  South  Carolina 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


119 


College  in  1823;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law ;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  and  Speaker  of 
the  House  ;  and  was  a  Representa-  i 
tive  in  Congress,  from  South  Caro-  ! 
lina,  from  1849  to  1853. 

COLDKN,  CADWALLADER  D. 

He  was  for  many  years  a  promi 
nent  member  of  the  New  York  bar ; 
at  one  time  Mayor  of  New  York  ; 
and  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
18-21  to   1823.     He  was  an  early 
and  intimate  friend  of  Robert  Ful 
ton,  and  wrote  his  biography;  he  • 
was  highly  respected  for  his  talents  : 
and  virtues,  and  died  in  Jersey  City,  j 
New  Jersey,  January  7,  1834,  aged 
sixty-live  years. 

COLE,  ORSAMUS. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Wisconsin,  from  1840  to  1851. 

COLEMAN,  NICHOLAS  D. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1820  to 
1831,  and  was  in  that  year  ap 
pointed  Postmaster  at  Maysville, 
Kentucky. 

COLES,  ISAAC. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1789  to 
1701,  and  again  from  1793  to  1797. 

COLES,  WALTER. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1835  to  1845. 


COLFAX,  SCHUYLER. 

Born  in  New  York  City,  March 
23,  1823;  received  a  good  Common 
School  education;  was  bred  a 
printer;  and  settled  in  Indiana  in 
1836.  He  has  been  the  editor  and 
publisher  of  the  South  Bend  Regis 
ter  ever  since  he  became  of  age ;  he 
was  a  member,  in  1850,  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention;  in  1848 
and  1852  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Whig  National  Convention  of  those 
years,  and  the  Secretary  of  each 
Convention;  and,  in  1854,  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana,  where  he  still 
continues,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Indian  Affairs.  He  has  also 
been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

COLLAMER,  JACOB. 

Born  in  Troy,  New  York,  in 
1792,  but  removed  with  his  father 
to  Burlington,  Vermont,  when  a 
child.  He  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Vermont  in  1810  ;  served 
as  a  subaltern  during  the  first  cam 
paign  of  the  last  war  with  England  ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1813,  and  practiced  until 
1833,  during  which  time  he  was  for 
several  years  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  ;  and  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Vermont,  from  1833 
to  1841.  In  1843  was  a  Representa 
tive  to  Congress,  served  by  re-elec 
tions  till  1849;  and  in  March  of 
that  year  was  appointed  Postmas 
ter-General  in  the  cabinet  of  Pre 
sident  Taylor.  Resigned  in  1850, 
with  the  rest  of  the  cabinet,  after 


120 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  death  of  the  President ;  was  re- 
appointed  Judge  in  Vermont,  which 
office  he  held  until  1854,  when  he 
was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  for  six  years,  commencing 
March,  1855.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Territories,  and 
that  on  the  Judiciary. 

COLLIER,  JOHN  A. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1831 
to  1838. 

COLLIN,  JOHN  F. 

Born  in  Hillsdale,  Columbia 
County,  New  York,  April  30, 1802. 
He  received  a  common  school  edu 
cation,  and  has  devoted  himself 
chiefly  to  agricultural  pursuits.  He 
served  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1834,  was  a  member,  for  some  years, 
of  the  County  Board  of  Supervisors, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1845 
to  1847 

COLLINS,  ELA. 

He  commanded  a  regiment  of 
militia  near  Sackets  Harbor,  New 
York,  in  1814 ;  he  represented 
Lewis  County  in  the  Legislature  of 
the  State,  and  in  1821  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Constitutional  Con 
vention  ;  he  was  in  Congress,  from 
1823  to  1825 ;  and  died  at  Lowville, 
Lewis  County,  November  23,  1848.  I 

COLLINS,  JOHN. 

Governor  of  Rhode  Island,  from  j 
1186  to  1789,  succeeding  William  | 
Greene.  He  was  a  patriot  of  the  ! 


Revolution,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress  in  1 189.  He  died  at  New 
port,  in  March,  1795,  aged  seventy- 
eight. 

COLLINS,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

COLQUIT,  ALFRED  II. 

He  was  a  native  of  Georgia,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

COLQUITT,  W.  T. 

He  was  born  in  Halifax  County, 
Virginia,  December  27,  1799;  was 
educated  at  Princeton  College,  and 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1820.  He 
was  a  brigadier-general  of  militia  at 
the  age  of  twenty-one  ;  in  1826  was 
appointed  a  District  Judge,  and 
held  the  first  court  ever  held  in  Co 
lumbus  ;  was  appointed  to  the  same 
office  in  1829  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1834  and  1837  ; 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  from  1839  to  1843;  and 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1843 
to  1849.  He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Nashville  Convention  in  1850; 
and  he  died  at  Macon,  Georgia, 
May  7,  1855. 

COLSTON,  EDWARD. 

Born  in  Berkely  County,  Virginia, 
in  1788,  and  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College  in  1806.  He  served 
for  a  long  time  as  magistrate  of  the 
county,  and  in  the  capacity  of  high 
sheriff;  was  frequently  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  ;  and  was  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


121 


Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1817  to  1819.  Uc  died  April  23, 
1851. 


COMEGYS,  JOSEPH  P. 

Son  of  Cornelius  P.  Comegys, 
formerly  Governor  of  the  State  of 
Delaware,  was  born  in  St.  Jones's 
Neck,  at  Cherbourg,  near  Dover, 
Delaware,  December  29,  1813  ;  was 
educated  at  Dover  Academy.  In 
May,  1831,  entered  the  office  of  J. 
M.  Clayton  as  a  student  of  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1835. 
Elected  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  State  in  1842 
and  1848.  In  January,  1851,  was 
appointed  by  the  General  Assembly 
one  of  a  committee  of  three  to  revise 
the  statutes  of  the  State.  In  No 
vember,  1856,  was  chosen  by  the 
Governor  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the 
United  States  Senate  occasioned 
by  the  death  of  John  M.  Clayton. 


COMINS,  LINUS  B. 

Born  in  Charlton,  Massachusetts, 
in  1817;  graduated  at  the  "Wor 
cester  County  Manual  Labor  High 
School;"  and  has  devoted  himself 
to  the  mercantile  business,  and  to 
manufacturing.  He  was  of  the  Rox- 
bury  City  Council  in  1846,  and  in 
1847  and  1848  President  of  the 
Council ;  in  1854  he  was  Mayor  of 
Iloxbury ;  and  having  been,  soon 
after,  elected  to  Congress,  has  con 
tinued  in  that  position  to  the  pre 
sent  time,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Commerce. 


COMSTOCK,  OLIVER  C. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1810  and  1812, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1813  to  181 9. 

CONDIT,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  1755 ;  was  a  sol 
dier  and  surgeon  during  the  revo 
lutionary  war;  he  was  a  member  of 
the  New  Jersey  Legislature  for 
several  years  ;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1799  to  1803;  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1803  to  1817 ;  and 
again  a  Representative  during  the 
years  1819  and  1820.  He  died 
May  4,  1834. 

CONDIT,  LEWIS. 

Born  at  Morristown,  New  Jer 
sey,  in  March,  1773,  and  was  a  phy 
sician  of  eminence.  From  1805  to 
1810,  he  was  a  member  of  the  New 
Jersey  Legislature,  the  two  latter 
years  officiating  as  Speaker ;  in 
1807  was  a  Commissioner  for  set 
tling  the  boundary  between  New 
York  and  New  Jersey  ;  and  he  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1811  to  1817,  and  from  18-21  to 
1833.  He  was  also  at  one  time 
sheriff  of  Morris  County,  and  is 
still  living,  at  his  birth-place,  in 
the  enjoyment  of  a  peaceful  old 
age. 

CONDIT,  SILAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1831 
to  1833. 


122 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


CONGER,  HARMON  S. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1841 
to  1851.  His  native  State  was 
Connecticut. 

CONGER,  JAMES  L. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
on  removing  to  Michigan,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1851  to  1853. 

CONKLING,  ALFRED. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York,  from  1821  to 
1823,  and  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  a  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  for  New  York. 

CONNER,  HENRY  W. 

Born  in  Prince  George  County, 
Yirginia,  in  August,  1793;  edu 
cated  at  the  University  of  South 
Carolina,  where  he  graduated  in 
1812 ;  in  1814  he  was  aide-de-camp 
to  General  Jos.  Graham  in  the 
Creek  war ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  North  Carolina, 
from  1821  to  1841,  when  he  declined 
a  re-election;  and  having  in  1848 
seived  in  the  General  Assembly,  he 
also  declined  a  re-election  to  that 
office,  and  retired  to  private  life. 

CONNER,  SAMUEL  S. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1806 ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  18 15 
to  1817;  and  died  in  1820. 

CONRAD,  CHARLES  M. 
He  was  born  in  Winchester,  Yir 


ginia,  and  when  an  infant  went  with 
his  father,  first  to  Mississippi  and 
then  to  Louisiana,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  In  1828  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  New  Orleans ; 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
State  Legislature ;  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  in  1842  and  1843; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Consti 
tutional  Convention  in  1844;  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Louisiana,  from  1849  to  August, 
1850,  when  he  became  Secretary  of 
War  under  President  Fillmore. 
Since  that  time  he  has  lived  in  re 
tirement. 

CONRAD,  FREDERICK. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1803 
to  1807. 

CONRAD,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1813 
to  1815. 

CONSTABLE,  ALBERT. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1847. 

CONTEE,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1789  to 
1791. 

CONWAY,  HENRY  W. 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
from  the  Territory  of  Arkansas, 
from  1823  to  1829. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


123 


COOK,  BATES. 

He  was  a  Representative  iu  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1831  to 
1833. 

COOK,  JOHN  B. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
on  taking  up  his  residence  in  Iowa, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1853  to  1855. 

COOK,  ORCHARD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1805  to  1811. 

COOK,  THOMAS  B. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1811 
to  1813,  and  a  member  of  the  As 
sembly  of  that  State,  in  1838  and 
1839. 

COOK,  ZADOCK. 

Born  in  1109;  was  frequently  in 
the  Legislature  of  Georgia ;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1817  to  1819.  His  memory  is  said 
to  have  been  remarkable,  as  he 
could,  after  reading  a  chapter  in 
the  Bible,  repeat  the  same  from  be 
ginning  to  end.  In  1854  he  was 
still  living. 

COOKE,  DANIEL  P. 

He  was  born  in  Scott  County, 
Kentucky,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Illinois,  from 
1820  to  1828,  and  filled  with  great 
ability  the  post  of  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  of  Ways  and  Means. 
By  such  men  as  Mr.  Calhoun  and 
Judge  McLean,  he  was  considered 


a  man  of  remarkable  talents.     He 
died  at  the  age  of  thirty-two  years. 

COOKE,  ELENTHEROS. 

Born  in  Granville,  Washington 
County,  New  York,  December  25, 
1787.  He  received  a  liberal  edu 
cation,  and  having  studied  law, 
practiced  it  with  success  both  in 
New  York  and  Ohio,  until  1830. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1831  to 
1833  ;  served  for  many  years  in  the 
Legislature  of  that  State,  before 
and  after  entering  Congress ;  and 
though  ostensibly  living  in  retire 
ment,  he  has  been  for  many  years, 
and  is  still,  very  frequently  called 
upon  to  address  the  citizens  of  Ohio 
on  topics  of  a  varied  nature,  on 
account  of  his  popularity  as  an 
orator. 

COOPER,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Frederick  Coun 
ty,  Maryland,  May  8,  1810;  he 
commenced  his  education  at  the 
common  schools  of  the  county,  spent 
some  little  time  at  St.  Mary's  Col 
lege,  and  graduated  at  Washington 
College,  Pennsylvania.  He  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Pennsylania,  in  1834 ;  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  in  1838,  and  re-elected 
in  1840;  in  1843  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature,  and  re-elected 
in  1844,  1846,  and  1848,  serving 
in  1847  as  Speaker;  in  1848  he 
was  appointed  Attorney-General  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  in  1849  was 
chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress,  for 


124 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  term  of  six  years.  During  his 
service  in  Congress  his  health  was 
feeble,  so  that  he  could  not  partici 
pate  in  the  debates  of  the  Senate, 
to  the  extent  that  he  desired,  and 
on  his  return  to  Pennsylvania,  he 
settled  in  Philadelphia,  where  he  is 
now  practicing  his  profession. 

COOPER,  MARK  A. 

He  was  born  in  Georgia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1839  to  1841,  and 
again  from  1842  to  1843. 

COOPER,  RICHARD  M. 

He*  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1829 
to  1833. 

COOPER,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Delaware,  from  1813  to 
181?. 

COOPER,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1795 
to  1797,  and  again  from  1799  to 
1801. 

COOPER,  W.  R. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1839 
to  1841. 

CORNING,  ERASTUS. 

Born  in  Norwich,  Connecticut, 
December  14,  1794.  When  thir 
teen  years  of  age  he  went  to  Troy, 
New  York,  and  entered  the  hard 


ware  store  of  his  uncle  Benjamin 
Smith,  the  bulk  of  whose  property 
he  subsequently  inherited.  In  1814 
he  removed  to  Albany,  and  con 
tinued  in  the  same  business,  esta 
blishing  the  well-known  house,  still 
in  existence,  of  Erastus  Corning  & 
Co.  His  first  public  position  was 
that  of  Alderman  of  the  City  of 
Albany;  from  that  he  was  pro 
moted  to  Mayor,  which  office  he 
held  for  three  years.  He  was  also 
for  several  years  an  influential  rail 
road,  bank,  and  canal  company 
president ;  for  several  terms  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs. 

CORWIN,  MOSES  B. 

He  was  born  in  Bourbon  County, 
Kentucky,  January  5,  1790;  spent 
his  boyhood  on  a  farm  in  Ohio  ;  re 
ceived  a  good  education  ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1812.  In  1838  and  1839  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1849  to  1855,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Post-office  Department. 

CORWIN,  THOMAS. 

Born  in  Bourbon  County,  Ken 
tucky,  July  29,  1794.  Rising  from 
humble  life,  he  became  distinguished 
as  a  lawyer,  and  was  elected,  first  to 
the  Ohio  Legislature,  and  afterwards 
a  Representative  to  Congress,  from 
the  Warren  District,  in  1831;  he 
continued  a  member  of  the  House 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


125 


until  1840,  when  he  was  chosen 
Governor  of  Ohio,  in  October  of 
that  year,  lie  was  Governor  but 
two  years,  Wilson  Shannon  suc 
ceeding  him  in  1842.  The  Whigs 
having  a  majority  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Ohio,  in  1845,  elected  him 
United  States  Senator,  which  office 
he  held  till  his  appointment  in  the  j 
cabinet,  in  1850,  as  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  under  President  Fill-  | 
more.  He  has  been  long  known  in  ! 
Congress  as  an  advocate  of  the 
Whig  measures  of  policy.  As  a 
stump  speaker  and  before  a  jury, 
his  eloquence  is  singularly  effective. 
In  October,  1858,  he  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  for  the  term  commencing  in 
1859. 

COTTERAL,  J.  L.  T. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Alabama,  from  1846  to 
1847. 

COTTMAN,  JOSEPH  S. 

Born  in  Somerset  County,  Mary 
land,  August  16,  1803;  received  a 
classical  education ;  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1826;  served  in  the  Mary 
land  Legislature ;  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector ;  and  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  from  1851  to  1853. 

COULTER,  RICHARD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1827 
to  1835,  and  died  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Pennsylvania,  April  21, 
1852. 


COVING  TON,  LEON  A  111). 

He  was  born  at  Aquasco,  Prince 
George  County,  Maryland,  Octo 
ber  30,  17G8.  In  1793  he  obtained, 
from  General  Washington,  the  com 
mission  of  lieutenant  of  dragoons, 
and  joined  the  army  under  General 
Wayne ;  he  distinguished  himself  at 
Fort  Recovery  and  the  battle  of 
Miami,  and  was  honorably  men 
tioned  in  the  official  report  of  Ge 
neral  Wayne.  After  the  war  he 
was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  cap 
tain,  by  Washington,  in  1794,  and 
retired  to  the  pursuits  of  agricul 
ture.  He  was  for  many  years  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  Mary 
land,  and  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1805  to  1807.  He  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Jefferson,  in 
1809,  lieutenant-colonel  of  a  regi 
ment  of  cavalry,  and  in  1810  was  in 
command  at  Fort  Adams,  on  the 
Mississippi,  and  took  possession  of 
Baton  Rouge,  and  a  portion  of 
West  Florida.  In  1813  he  was 
ordered  to  the  Northern  frontier, 
and  appointed,  by  President  Madi 
son,  brigadier-general.  At  the  bat 
tle  of  Williamsburg,  he  received  a 
mortal  wound  while  animating  his 
men,  and  leading  them  to  the 
charge,  and  died  at  French  Mills, 
November  13,  1813,  two  days  after 
his  fall.  His  remains  were  re 
moved  to  Sackets  Harbor,  August 
13,  1820,  and  the  place  of  his 
burial  is  now  known  as  Mount 
Covington.  He  had  the  reputation 
of  being  one  of  the  best  officers  in 
the  service. 


126 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


COVODE,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Westmoreland  County, 
Pennsylvania,  March  IT,  1808;  a 
farmer  and  manufacturer  by  occu 
pation  ;  and  extensively  engaged  in 
the  coal  business.  He  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Thirty-fourth  and 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  at  present  on  the 
Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 
He  has  also  been  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

COWEN,  BENJAMIN  S. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,   from    Ohio,   from    1841    to 
1843. 

COWLES,  HENRY  B. 
Born  at  Hartford  Connecticut, 
March  18, 1198  ;  when  eleven  years 
old  he  removed  to  Dutchess  County, 
New  York,  with  his  father  ;  and 
graduated  at  Union  College,  in 
1816.  He  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1819;  in 
1826,  1827,  and  1828,  he  served  as 
a  member  of  the  New  York  Legis 
lature,  from  Putnam  County,  and 
during  his  first  term  was  Chairman 
of  the  Select  Committee  raised  to 
investigate  the  "Astor  Claim;" 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1829  to  1831.  In  1834  he  took 
up  his  residence  in  the  City  of  New 
York,  where  he  continues  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession. 

COX,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  during  the 
years  1809  and  1810. 


COX,  ANLEDER  M 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  re 
moving  to  Kentucky,  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  that  State,  to 
the  Thirty-third  and  Thirty-fourth 
Congresses. 

COX,  SAMUEL  S. 

He  was  born  in  Zanesville,  Ohio  ; 
graduated  at  Brown  University; 
is  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  was 
also  an  editor.  He  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  Legation  to  Peru,  in 
1855 ;  and  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress.  He  is  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Revolutionary  Claims. 
As  an  author,  he  published  a  book 
of  foreign  travel,  called  "  The  Buck 
eye  Abroad,"  and  is  an  occasional 
lecturer  on  literary  topics.  He  has 
also  been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress. 

COX,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1813 
to  1815. 

CRABB,  GEORGE  W. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Alabama,  from  1839  to  1841. 

CRABB,  JEREMIAH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1795  to 
1796. 

CRAFTS,  SAMUEL  C. 

He  was  born  in  Windham  Co., 
Connecticut ;  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1790.  His 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


127 


father   effected    the   settlement    of 
Craftsbury,  Vermont,  and  upon  the 
organization  of  the  town,  in  1792, 
Mr.  Samuel  C.  Crafts  was  chosen 
Town  (Merk,  and  held  the  office  for 
thirty-seven  successive  years.     lie 
was  the   youngest  delegate  to  the 
Convention  for  revising  the  State 
Constitution   in    1793.      In    1796, 
1800,  1801,  1803,  and  1805,  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  State.  From 
1796  to  1815  he  was  Register  of 
Probate  for  Orleans  District.     In 
1798  and  1799  he  was  Clerk  of  the 
House  of  Representatives.     From 
1809  to   1812,  and  from   1825  to 
1827,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Exe 
cutive  Council.    In  1800  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  judge  of  Orleans  County 
Court,  and  remained  such  till  1816, 
during  the  last  six  years  as  Chief 
Judge.    From  1825  to  1828  he  was 
again  Chief  Judge,  and  from  1836 
to  1838  Clerk  of  the  Court.     In 
1816  he  was  elected  Representative 
to  Congress,  and  served   for  that 
and  the   three   succeeding   terms; 
i.e.  from  1817  to  1825,  inclusive. 
In  1828  he  was  elected  Governor 
of  Vermont,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1829  and  1830.     In  1829  he  was 
President  of  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention.    In  1842  he  was  appointed 
by  Governor  Paine,  and  afterwards 
elected  by  the  Legislature,  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  one  year.     He  thus  filled 
every  office  in  the  gift  of  Vermont. 
He  died  in  Craftsbury,   Vermont, 
November  19,  1853,  aged  eighty- 
four  years. 


CRAGIN,  AARON  II. 

Born  in  Weston,  Vermont,  Feb 
ruary  3,  1821.  He  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  Hampshire  Legislature  from 
1852  to  1855,  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  that  State,  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Claims. 

CRAIG,   HECTOR. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1823 
to  1825,  and  again  from  1829  to 
1830. 

CRAIG,  JAMES. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania ;  is  a  law 
yer  by  profession  ;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Missouri  Legislature  in 
1846  and  1847  ;  was  captain  of  a 
volunteer  company  in  the  Mexican 
war;  Circuit  Attorney  for  the 
Twelfth  Judicial  Circuit  in  Mis 
souri,  from  1852  to  1856  ;  and  is  a 
Representative  in  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Post-offices  and  Post-roads. 
He  has  also  been  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

CRAIG,  ROBERT. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1829  to  1833, 
and  again  from  1835  to  1841. 

CRAIGE,  BURTON. 

Born  in  Rowan  County,  North 
Carolina,  March  13,  1811;  gradu- 


128 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ated  at  Chapel  Hill  in  1 829 ;  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession ;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  in  1832 
and  1834 ;  and  was  elected  to 
the  Thirty-third,  Thirty-fourth,  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving  at 
the  present  time  as  a  member  of  the 
Judiciary  Committee. 

CRAIK,  AVILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1796  to 
1801. 

CRAMER,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1833 
to  1837  ;  having  been  elected  to  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  in 
1821,  and  having  served  three  years 
in  the  Assembly,  and  three  years  in 
the  Senate  of  the  State  of  New 
York. 

CRANE,  JOSEPH  H. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1829  to 
1831,  and  died  at  Dayton,  Ohio, 
November  12,  1851,  aged  seventy 
years. 

CRANSTON,  HENRY  Y. 
Born  in  Newport,  Rhode  Is 
land,  October  9,  1189 ;  received  a 
limited  education ;  worked  at  a 
trade  for  five  years  from  the  age  of 
twelve,  then  commenced  the  busi 
ness  of  commission  merchant ;  stu 
died  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  three  years.  In  1818  he  was 
elected  Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas,  and  held  the  office  until 


1833 ;  he  was  for  twenty-five  years 
annually  elected  Moderator  for  the 
town  of  Newport ;  was  a  member 
of  the  several  conventions  for 
framing  and  remodeling  the  State 
Constitution ;  and  was  Vice-Presi- 
dent  of  the  Convention  in  1842. 
From  1827  to  1843  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  lower  branch  of  the  Le 
gislature  ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1843  to  1847, 
when  he  was  returned  to  the  Le 
gislature,  and  was  several  times 
Speaker  of  that  body  until  1854, 
since  which  time  he  has  lived  in  re 
tirement. 

CRANSTON,  ROBERT  B. 

He  was  born  in  Rhode  Island, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837 
to  1843,  and  again  from  1847  to 
1849. 

CRARY,  ISAAC  E. 

Was  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
from  the  Territory  of  Michigan,  in 
1835  and  1836,  and  a  Representa 
tive  from  that  State  from  the  time 
of  its  admission  into  the  Union  in 
1836,  to  1841.  He  died  in  Michi 
gan,  May  8,  1854. 

CRAVENS,  JOHN  H. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 

CRAWFORD,  GEORGE  W. 

Born  in  Columbia  County,  Geor 
gia,  December  22,  1798.  He  gra 
duated  at  Princeton  in  1820  ;  stu- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


129 


died  law,  and  commenced  the.  prac 
tice  at  Augusta,  in  1S22.  In  1827 
he  was  elected  Attorney-General, 
and  continued  in  that  office  until 
1831 ;  he  was  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  from  1837  to  1842;  and  in 
1843  was  elected  to  Congress  to  fill 
a  vacancy.  lie  was  elected  Gover 
nor  of  the  State  in  1843,  and  re- 
elected  in  1845.  He  was  a  member 
of  President  Taylor's  cabinet,  as 
Secretary  of  War,  and  subsequently 
visited  Europe,  since  which  time  he 
has  lived  in  retirement. 

CRAWFORD,  JOEL. 

Born  in  Columbia  County,  Geor 
gia,  June  15,  1783.  He  was  edu 
cated  by  private  tutors  ;  became  a 
student  of  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1808.  In  1813  he  joined 
the  army  of  General  Floyd,  and 
served  through  the  whole  campaign 
as  aid-de-camp  to  the  General. 
After  the  war  he  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  ;  served  three 
years  in  the  State  Legislature,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Georgia,  from  1817  to  1821. 

CRAWFORD,  MARTIN  J. 

He  was  born  in  Jasper  County, 
Georgia,    March    17,    1820;    was 
educated  at  the  Mercer  University ; 
is  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  Georgia  Legisla-  i 
ture  from  1845  to  1847.     In  1853  | 
he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Su-  i 
perior   Court   for  the    Chattahoo-  | 
chee    Circuit,    and   was   elected   a  ' 
member  of  the  Thirty-fourth  and 
9 


Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving  in 
the  last  on  the  Committees  of  Ways 
and  Means  and  Roads  and  Canals. 

CRAWFORD,  THOMAS  II. 

Born  at  Chnmbersburg,  Pennsyl 
vania,  November  14,  1780.  He 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1804;  studied  law  for  three  years 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  ill 
1807  ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1829  to  1833.  During  the 
last  year  named,  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature;  in  1830  he 
was  appointed  a  Commissioner  to 
investigate  certain  alleged  frauds  in 
the  purchase  of  the  reservation  of 
land  to  the  Creek  Indians;  in  1838 
he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Van  Buren,  Commissioner  of  In 
dian  Affairs,  and  took  up  his  resi 
dence  in  Washington,  holding  that 
office  for  seven  years ;  and  in  1845 
he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Polk,  Judge  of  the  Criminal  Court 
of  the  District  of  Columbia,  which 
arduous  position  he  still  occupies. 

CRAWFORD,    WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1809  to  1817. 

CRAWFORD,  WILLIAM  II. 

Born  in  Amherst  County,  Vir 
ginia,  February  24,  1772,  and  with 
his  father  settled  in  Georgia  in 
1783.  He  received  an  academical 
education,  and  subsequently  had  the 
management  of  Richmond  Acade- 


130 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


my.  He  studied  law  and  took  a 
high  position  as  a  lawyer.  He 
served  four  years  in  the  State  Le 
gislature,  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1807  to  1813. 
President  Madison  invited  him  into 
his  cabinet  as  Secretary  of  War, 
but  he  declined  the  honor,  accept 
ing,  instead,  the  post  of  Minister  to 
France,  in  1813;  on  his  return, 
however,  at  the  end  of  two  years, 
he  went  into  the  War  Department. 
In  1817  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Monroe,  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  where  he  served  with 
marked  ability  until  1825,  during 
which  year  he  received  a  flattering 
vote  for  President  of  the  United 
States.  In  1827  he  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Northern  Circuit  of 
Georgia,  which  office  he  held  until 
his  death,  which  occurred  in  Elbert 
County,  Georgia,  September  15, 
1834. 

CREIGHTON,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1815  to 
1817,  and  again  from  1827  to  1833. 

CRISFIELD,  JOHN  W. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

CRITTENDEN,  JOHN  J. 

He  was  born  in  Woodford  Coun 
ty,  Kentucky,  in  September,  1786. 
When  quite  young  he  entered  the 
army,  and  during  the  war  of  1812 
served  as  an  officer  under  General 
Hopkins,  in  his  Expedition,  and 


was  aid-de-camp  to  Governor  Shel 
by  at  the    battle  of  the  Thames. 
After   adopting  the   profession  of 
law  he  entered  Congress  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Senate,  from  Kentucky, 
in  1817,  serving  then  but  two  years. 
From  1819  to   1835  he  continued 
in  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
residing  principally   at  Frankfort, 
and   occasionally   representing  his 
county  in  the  State  Legislature.   In 
1835  he  was  again  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate,   and   conti 
nued  to  serve  in  that  body   until 
March,  1841,  when  he  was  appoint 
ed  Attorney-General  by  President 
Harrison.     In  September,  1841,  he 
resigned  with  the  other  members  of 
the  cabinet,  except  Mr.  Webster, 
and   retired   to   private   life,  from 
which,  however,  he  was  soon  called 
by  the  Legislature,  to  resume  his 
seat  in  the  United  States  Senate, 
in  1842.     He  was  also  elected  a 
Senator  for   another  term   of    six 
years,    from  March,   1843,  but,  in 
1848,  having  received   the   Whig 
nomination  for  Governor  of  Ken 
tucky,  he  retired  from  the  Senate, 
and  was  elected  to  that  office,  which 
he  held  until   his   appointment  as 
Attorney-General  by  President  Fill- 
more.     He  was  again  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate  in  1855,  for 
the  term  ending  in  1862,  and  is,  at 
the  present  time,  the  oldest  member 
of  that  body. 

CROCHERON,  HENRY, 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1815 
to  1817. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


131 


CROCHERON,  JACOB. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1829 
to  1831. 

CROCKER,  SAMUEL  L. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  from  1853  to 
1855. 

CROCKETT,   DAVID. 

Born  in  Greene  County,  Tennes 
see,  August  17,  1786,  of  Irish 
descent,  his  father  having  fought  in 
the  revolutionary  war.  He  com 
menced  the  active  duties  of  life, 
when  twelve  years  old,  by  turning 
drover,  and,  instead  of  going  to 
school,  he  chose  the  fortunes  of  an 
adventurer.  He  served  under  Ge 
neral  Jackson,  in  some  of  the  In 
dian  wars,  and  became  his  fast 
friend.  He  had  a  natural  bias  for 
politics,  and  his  smartness  and  ec 
centricities  made  him  very  popular 
on  the  frontiers,  and  caused  him  to 
be  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
Tennessee.  He  was  fond  of  the 
woods,  and  had  no  equal  as  a  bear- 
hunter.  He  was  elected  to  Con 
gress  in  1827,  and  served  until 
1831,  and  then  again  in  1833, 
serving  until  1835 ;  while  in  Wash 
ington  he  was  always  at  his  post  of 
duty,  never  forgetting  the  welfare 
of  his  constituents,  and  he  was  one 
of  the  most  popular  men  in  Con 
gress.  The  most  striking  features 
of  his  disposition  and  mind  were, 
undoubtedly,  of  a  whimsical  charac 
ter  ;  butbehind  these  there  was  much 
to  command  respect  and  admira 


tion.  He  told  stories,  or  related 
his  wild  adventures  with  wonderful 
effect.  He  was  killed  at  the  Alamo, 
Texas,  March  1,  1836. 

CROCKETT,  JOHN  W. 

He  was  the  son  of  the  celebrated 
David  Crockett,  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from 
1838  to  1843,  and  died  at  Mem 
phis,  November  24,  1852. 

CROSS,  EDWARD. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
on  taking  up  his  residence  in  Ar 
kansas,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1839  to 
1845. 

CROUCH,   EDWARD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1813 
to  1815. 

CROWELL,   JOHN. 

Born  in  Halifax  County,  Alaba 
ma  ;  was  chosen  Delegate  to  Con 
gress,  when  the  Territory  of  Alaba 
ma  was  established  in  1817,  and 
served  till  1819,  when  the  State 
Constitution  was  formed,  and  he 
was  elected  first  Representative  to 
Congress,  serving  till  1821,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Private  Land  Claims.  Soon  after 
wards  he  was  appointed  Agent  for 
the  Creek  Indians,  then  inhabiting 
large  portions  of  Alabama  and 
Georgia,  and  exercised  extensive 
influence  over  them,  until  their  re 
moval  west  of  the  Mississippi,  in 
1836.  He  died  near  Fort  Mitchell, 
Alabama,  June  25,  1846. 


132 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


CKOWELL,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1847  to  1851,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Indian  Affairs. 

CROWNINSIIIELD,  BENJAMIN  W. 

Born  in  1774.  He  filled  with 
general  acceptance  the  office  of  Se 
cretary  of  the  Navy,  to  which  he 
was  appointed  in  December,  1814, 
by  President  Madison,  and  served 
until  his  resignation,  in  November, 
1818.  In  1823,  he  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
the  Salem  District  of  Massachu 
setts,  and  continued  in  that  position 
until  1831.  He  died  in  Boston, 
February  8,  1851. 

CROWNINSHIELD,  JACOB. 
He  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1803  to  1809,  but  was  ap 
pointed  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  by 
President  Jefferson,  March  3, 1805. 

CROZIER,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1847, 
and  for  a  second  term,  ending  in 
1849. 

CRUDUP,  JOSIAII. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1821  to  1823,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Private  Claims. 

CRUGER,  DANIEL. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  a  number  of  years, 


and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1817  to  1819. 

CRUMP,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1826  to 

1827. 

CULBRETH,  THOMAS. 

Born  in  Kent  County,  Delaware, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1817  to 
1821. 

CULLEN,  ELISHA  D. 

He  was  born  in  Delaware,  and 
elected  a  Representative  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

CULLOM,  ALVAN. 

He  was  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1845  to  1847. 

CULLOM,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1851  to 
1855,  and  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  during  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

CULPEPPER,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Anzin  County, 
North  Carolina,  and  represented 
that  State  in  Congress,  from  1807 
to  1809,  from  1813  to  1817,  from 
1819  to  1821,  and,  according  to  the 
American  Almanac,  (which  is  con 
tradicted  by  John  H.  Wheeler,  in 
his  History  of  North  Carolina,) 
from  1823  to  1825,  and  again  from 
1841  to  1843.  He  was  a  Baptist 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


133 


preacher,  and  elected  to  the  General 
Assembly,  but  his  seat  was  vacated 
on  constitutional  grounds. 

CTLVER,  ERASTUS  D. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ;  gra 
duated  at  the  University  of  Ver 
mont  in  182G;  served  in  the  As 
sembly  of  New  York  in  1838  and 
1841,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1845  to  1847. 

CUMBACK,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
Indiana,  March  24,  1829;  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Miami  University, 
Ohio ;  taught  school  for  one  or  two 
years ;  attended  the  law  school  at 
Cincinnati,  and  adopted  the  legal 
profession ;  and  he  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Indiana,  in  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

CUMMINGS,  THOMAS  W. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1853  to  1855 

CUMMINS,  JOHN  D. 
He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  from 
Ohio,  during  the  Thirtieth  Con 
gress.  He  died  of  cholera  at  Mil- 
waukie,  Wisconsin,  September  11, 
1849. 

CUNNINGHAM,  FRANCIS  A. 
He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1845  to  1847. 


CURRY,  J.  L.  M. 

Born  in  Lincoln  County,  Georgia, 
June  5,  1825,  and  removed  with 
his  father,  in  1838,  to  Talladega 
County,  Alabama,  where  he  has 
since  resided;  he  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Georgia  in  1843,  and 
at  the  Dane  Law  School,  Harvard 
University,  in  1S45,  and  practiced 
law  with  success  in  Alabama.  In 
184G  he  joined  the  Texas  Rangers 
for  the  Mexican  war,  but  soon  re 
turned  on  account  of  ill  health. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  lower 
branch  of  the  Legislature  of  Ala 
bama  in  1847,  1853,  and  1855; 
and  in  1857  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Revolutionary 
Claims  and  Expenditures  in  the 
State  Department. 

CURTIS,  CARLTON  B. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1851  to 
1855. 

CURTIS,  EDWARD. 

Born  in  Vermont,  graduated  at 
Union  College,  New  York,  and 
practiced  law  in  New  York  City. 
He  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
councils  of  that  city,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1837  to  1841.  He 
was  appointed  Collector  of  New 
York,  by  President  Harrison,  and 
removed  by  President  Polk.  He 
was  an  intimate  friend  of  Daniel 
Webster. 


134 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


CURTIS,  SAMUEL  R. 

Born  in  Ohio,  (while  his  parents 
were  emigrating  to  the  West  from 
Connecticut,)  February  3, 1807.  He 
graduated  at  the  West  Point  Aca 
demy  in  1831,  and  was  appointed 
a  lieutenant  in  the  United  States 
infantry,  but  resigned  in  1832.  He 
studied  and  pursued  the  profession 
of  law  in  Ohio;  was  subsequently 
an  engineer  in  Ohio  and  Iowa ;  from 
183*7  to  1840,  chief  engineer  of  the 
Muskingum  Works;  during  the 
Mexican  war  he  served  as  an  ad 
jutant-general  in  mustering  the 
State  troops ;  he  went  to  Mexico 
as  a  colonel  under  General  Taylor, 
and  acted  for  a  time  as  Governor  of 
Mattamoras,  Camargo,  Monterey, 
and  Saltillo,  performing  much  im 
portant  service ;  on  his  return  from 
Mexico,  he  practiced  law  for  a  time, 
but  was  called  to  Iowa  and  Mis 
souri  to  perform  important  labors 
as  an  engineer,  in  improvements  of 
harbors  and  the  building  of  rail 
roads  ;  and  having  finally  settled  at 
Keokuck,  in  Iowa,  he  was  elected 
from  that  State  a  member  of  the 
House  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress. 
He  has  also  been  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

GUSHING,  CALEB. 

Was  born  in  Essex  County,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  January,  1800.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  College,  and 
was  subsequently  a  tutor  there  of 
mathematics  and  natural  philoso 
phy  ;  studied  law  at  Cambridge, 
and  settled  in  ISTewburyport  to  prac 
tice.  In  1825  and  1826  he  served 


in  the  State  Legislature,  and  in 
1829  visited  Europe  for  pleasure, — 
publishing,  on  his  return,  "  Reminis 
cences  of  Spain,"  and  "Review  of 
the  Revolution  in  France."  He  also 
wrote  for  the  North  American  Re 
view.  In  1833  and  1834,  he  was 
again  elected  to  the  Legislature; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1835  to  1843.  He  was 
appointed,  by  President  Tyler,  Com 
missioner  to  China,  and  as  such  ne 
gotiated  an  important  treaty.  In 
1846  he  was  again  elected  to  the 
Legislature,  and  in  1847,  as  briga 
dier-general,  was  attached  to  the 
army  in  Mexico,  under  General 
Taylor.  In  1850,  he  was  for  the 
fifth  time  elected  to  the  Legislature, 
and  in  1851  was  made  a  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State. 
When  President  Pierce  came  into 
power,  he  invited  General  Gushing 
into  his  cabinet,  as  Attorney-Gene 
ral  ;  and,  on  his  return  home,  he  was 
again  re-elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  his  native  State,  in  which  posi 
tion  he  still  continues.  In  office,  or 
out  of  it,  he  has  the  reputation  of 
being  a  hard  student,  and  his  ability 
as  a  lawyer  is  unquestioned. 

CUSHMAN,  JOHN  PAINE. 

He  was  born  in  Pomfret,  Connec 
ticut,  in  1784,  and  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1807.  He  studied 
law  and  removed  to  Troy,  New 
York,  where  he  practiced  his  pro 
fession.  He  served  in  Congress, 
from  1817  to  1819;  and,  in  1838, 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court,  having  previously  been  Re- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


135 


cordcr  of  the  City  of  Troy  and  one 
of  the  Regents  of  the  State  Uni 
versity.  He  was  a  man  of  eminence 
in  his  profession,  and  discharged 
with  ability  the  various  offices  with 
which  lie  was  intrusted. 

CUSHMAN,  JOSHUA. 
He  was  born  in  Plymouth,  Mas-  , 
sachusctts ;     graduated     at    Cam 
bridge  in  1789;  was  a  Representa 
tive   in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts,  from  1819to  1821;  and  re 
presented  Maine,  in  Congress,  from 
1821  to  1825,  after  its  separation 
from  Massachusetts. 

CUSHMAN,  SAMUEL. 
Born  in  1783;  was  Judge  of  the 
Police  Court  of  Portsmouth,  New 
Hampshire,  and  held  several  offices 
of  trust  in  the  State.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1835  to  1839,  and  died  in  Ports 
mouth,  May  20,  1851. 

CUTHBERT,  ALFRED. 
He  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1803;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Georgia, 
from    1814  to   1817;   again,  from 

1821,  to  1827,  and  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  from  1835  to  1843. 
Died  in  1856. 

CUTHBERT,  JOHN  A. 
lie  was  born  in  Savannah,  Geor 
gia;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1805  ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  his  native 
State,  from  1819  to  1821,  and  was 
appointed,  by  the  President,  in 

1822,  a  Commissioner  to  treat  with 
the  Creek  and  Cherokee  Indians. 


CUTLER,  MANASSEII. 

He  was  born  in  Killingly,  Con 
necticut,  in  1824,  and  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1765;  removed  to 
Dedham,  Massachusetts,  in  1769  ; 
studied,  for  the  ministry,  and  was 
ordained  in  1171;  and  was  settled 
as  a  pastor  of  a  church  in  Hamilton, 
Massachusetts,  September  1 1, 1771. 
He  distinguished  himself  by  his 
attention  to  several  branches  of  na 
tural  history,  particularly  by  mak 
ing  the  first  essay  toward  a  scien 
tific  description  of  the  plants  of  New 
England,  an  account  of  several 
hundred  of  which,  communicated  by 
him,  was  published  by  the  Ameri 
can  Academy,  of  which  he  was  a 
member.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
scientific  explorers  of  the  AVhite 
Mountains.  In  1787  he  organized 
an  expedition  for  the  Northwest 
Territory,  and  in  1788,  with  Gene 
ral  Rufus  Putnam,  commenced  a 
settlement  at  Marietta,  on  the  Mus- 
kingum,  Ohio.  In  1790  he  re 
turned,  with  his  family,  to  New 
England,  and  was  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Hamilton,  Massachusetts, 
until  his  death.  In  1800  he  was 
elected  to  a  seat  in  Congress,  and 
retained  it  till  1804,  when  he  de 
clined  any  further  political  employ 
ment,  from  its  interference  with  his 
professional  duties.  He  died  July 
28,  1823. 

CUTTING,  FRANCIS  B. 

He  was  born  in  New  York  ;  was 
liberally  educated,  and  adopted  the 
profession  of  law;  in  1836  and 
1837  he  was  a  member  of  the  Le- 


136 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


gislature  "of  New  York,  from  the 
City  of  New  York;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  his 
native  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

CUTTS,  CHARLES. 

Born  in  Massachusetts,  in  1169; 
entered  Harvard  College  in  1186  ; 
graduated  in  1790;  studied  law 
with  Judge  Pickering ;  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  in 
1804,  and  then  Speaker  of  the 
House;  was  sent  to  the  United 
States  Senate  in  1810,  and  served 
till  1813 ;  and  chosen  Secretary  of 
the  Senate,  from  1814  to  1825.  He 
died  in  Virginia,  in  1846. 

CUTTS,  RICHARD. 

Born  June  22,  1771,  at  Cutt's 
Island,  Saco,  in  the  province  or 
district  of  Maine,  then  constitu 
ting  a  part  of  the  Commonwealth 
of  Massachusetts,  and  received  his 
early  education  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity,  at  which  institution  he  gra 
duated  in  1790,  and  in  the  twen 
tieth  year  of  his  age.  He  stu 
died  law,  was  extensively  engaged 
in  commerce,  and  took  an  active 
part  in  politics.  He  visited  Europe, 
and  on  his  return,  after  serving  two 
successive  years  as  a  member  of  the 
General  Court  of  Massachusetts,  he 
was,  at  the  age  of  twenty-nine,  in 
1800,  elected  by  the  people  of  his 
District  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States.  He  took  his  seat  in  the  , 
House,  December  7,  1801,  and  , 
through  six  successive  Congresses,  | 


constantly  sustained  by  the  con 
tinued  confidence  of  his  constitu 
ents,  he  gave  a  firm  support  to 
President  Jefferson's  administra 
tion,  and  to  that  of  his  successor, 
President  Madison,  until  the  close 
of  his  first  term,  March  3,  1813, 
having  patriotically  sustained,  by 
his  votes,  non-importation,  non-in 
tercourse,  the  embargo,  and  finally 
war,  as  measures  called  for  by  the 
honor  and  interest  of  the  nation, 
although  ruinous  to  his  private  for 
tune.  On  the  third  of  June,  of  that 
year,  he  was  appointed  Superin 
tendent-General  of  Military  Sup 
plies,  an  office  created  by  the  act  of 
March  3,  1813,  the  functions  of 
which  were  required  only  during 
the  continuance  of  the  war.  The 
office  was  accordingly  abolished 
by  the  act  of  March  3,  1817,  to 
provide  for  the  prompt  settlement 
of  public  accounts.  By  the  same 
act  the  office  of  Second  Comptroller 
of  the  Treasury  was  created,  to 
which  Mr.  Cutts  was  immediately 
appointed,  by  President  James 
Monroe,  and  which  he  held  until 
1829,  after  which  he  resided  in  the 
City  of  Washington,  in  the  retire 
ment  of  private  life,  until  his  death 
in  1849. 

DAGGETT,  DAVID. 

Born  in  Attleborough,  Massa 
chusetts,  December  31,  1764  ;  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1783; 
and  was  professor  of  law  in  that  in 
stitution.  He  was  States  Attorney 
and  Mayor  of  New  Haven,  and  fre- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


137 


qucntly  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture,  and  member  of  the  Council. 
From  1  Si 3  to  1  SI 9  he  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Connecticut ; 
from  I82f>  to  1S32  he  was  a  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State ; 
and  was  Chief  Judge  from  1832  to 
1834,  when  he  attained  the  age  of 
seventy  years.  He  died  April  12, 
1851. 

DALLAS,  GEORGE  MIFFLIN. 

He  was  born  July  10,  1792,  in 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  where  he 
received  his  early  education.  He 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1810;  commenced  the  study  of  law 
in  his  father's  office  in  Philadelphia; 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1813. 
In  the  same  year  he  accompanied 
Mr.  Gallatin  to  Russia  as  his  pri 
vate  secretary,  when  that  gentleman 
was  appointed  a  member  of  the  com 
mission  to  negotiate  a  peace  under 
the  mediation  of  Alexander.  Dur 
ing  his  absence  he  visited  Russia, 
France,  England,  Holland,  and  the 
Netherlands.  He  returned  to  the 
United  States  in  1814,  and  after 
assisting  his  father  for  a  time  in  his 
duties  as  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
he  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Philadelphia.  In  1817  j 
he  was  appointed  the  deputy  of  the 
Attorney-General  of  Philadelphia, 
and  soon  won  a  high  reputation  as 
a  criminal  lawyer.  He  took  an  ac 
tive  part  in  politics,  and  in  1825  he 
was  elected  Mayor  of  Philadelphia, 
and  on  the  accession  of  General 
Jackson,  in  1829,  he  was  appointed 
to  the  office  of  District  Attorney, 


the  same  office  which  had  been  held 
by  his  father.  This  post  he  held 
until  1831,  when  a  vacancy  having 
occurred  in  the  representation  from 
Pennsylvania  in  the  United  States 
Senate,  Mr.  Dallas  was  chosen  to 
fill  it.  He  took  an  active  part  in 
the  debates  of  the  stormy  session  of 
1832-33.  On  the  expiration  of  his 
term  of  office  in  1833,  he  declined  a 
re-election,  and  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession.  In  1837  he 
was  appointed,  by  President  Van 
Buren,  Ambassador  to  Russia,  and 
remained  in  that  country  until  Oc 
tober,  1839,  when  he  returned  home, 
and  once  more  devoted  himself  to 
the  practice  of  law.  In  1844  he 
was  elected  Yice-President  of  the 
United  States,  and  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  his  office  in  March  of 
the  following  year.  His  terra  of 
office  expired  in  March,  1849,  when 
he  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Fillmore. 
He  was  appointed  by  President 
Pierce  to  succeed  Mr  Buchanan  as 
Minister  at  the  Court  of  St.  James, 
in  which  position  he  was  retained 
by  Mr.  Buchanan,  when  he  became 
President. 

DALTON,  TRISTAM. 

Was  born  in  that  portion  of  New- 
bury,  Massachusetts,  now  Newbury- 
port,  in  1783,  and  at  the  early  age 
of  seventeen  graduated  at  Harvard 
University.  He  studied  law  as  an 
accomplishment,  the  fortune  which 
he  inherited  from  his  father  not  re 
quiring  him  to  practice  it  as  a  pro 
fession,  and  he  took  a  deep  interest 
in  the  cultivation  of  a  large  landed 


138 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


estate,  in  what  is  now  the  town  of 
West  Nesvbury.  Washington,  John 
Adams,  Louis  Philippe,  Talleyrand, 
and  other  distinguished  guests  par 
took  of  his  hospitalities.  As  emi 
nent  for  piety  as  he  was  for  mental 
endowments,  the  Episcopal  Church, 
of  which  he  was  a  warden,  shared 
in  his  generous  liberality ;  and  he 
was  also  noted  for  the  affectionate 
interest  which  he  took  in  the  wel 
fare  of  his  servants,  both  black  and 
white.  He  was  a  Representative, 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives,  and  a  Senator  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  Massachusetts,  and  a  Se 
nator  of  the  United  States  in  the 
First  Congress  after  the  adoption 
of  the  Federal  Constitution.  When 
Washington  City  was  founded,  Mr. 
Dalton  invested  his  entire  fortune 
in  lands  there,  and  lost  it  by  the 
mismanagement  of  a  business  agent. 
At  the  same  time  a  vessel,  which 
was  freighted  with  his  furniture  and 
valuable  library,  was  lost  on  her 
voyage  from  Newburyport  to  Wash 
ington,  and  he  thus  found  himself, 
after  having  lived  sixty  years  in  af 
fluence,  penniless.  Several  offices 
of  profit  and  honor  were  immedi 
ately  tendered  him  by  the  Govern 
ment,  and  he  accepted  the  Surveyor- 
ship  of  Boston.  He  died  in  Boston 
in  June,  1817,  and  his  remains  were 
taken  to  Newburyport,  where  they 
were  interred  in  the  burial-ground 
of  St.  Paul's  Church. 

DAMRELL,  WILLIAM  S. 

Born  in  Portsmouth,  New  Hamp 
shire,  November  20,  1809 ;    never 


had  the  privilege  of  even  a  common 
school  education ;  was  by  trade  a 
printer;  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  Massachusetts,  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Roads  and 
Canals. 

DANA,   AM  AS  A. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1828  and  1829, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1841, 
and  aprain  from  1843  to  1845. 


DANA,  JUDAH. 

Born  in  Massachusetts  in  1772; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1795  ;  commenced  the  practice  of 
law  in  Fryeburg;  was  Attorney  for 
Oxford  County  for  six  years ;  Judge 
of  Probate  for  twenty  years ;  Judge 
of  the  Common  Pleas  for  nine  years ; 
one  of  the  Committee  which  drafted 
the  Constitution  of  Maine  ;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Executive  Council  of  the 
State  in  1834  ;  and  by  appointment 
of  the  Governor,  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress  during  the  years  183G  and 
1837.  He  died  at  Fryeburg,  Maine, 
December  27,  1845. 

DANA,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  respectable  lawyer  and 
a  judge,  and  during  the  years  1814 
and  1815  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts.  He 
died  at  Charlestown  in  November, 
1835,  in  the  sixtieth  year  of  his 
ac;e. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


139 


DANA,  SAMUEL  W. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut  in 
1747,  and  died  in  1830.  He  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1775,  and 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Connecticut,  from  1810  to  1821. 

DANE,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  Essex  County, 
Massachusetts,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1799.  From 
1820  to  1823  he  represented  the 
York  District  of  Maine  in  Congress, 
was  subsequently  in  the  Legislature 
as  a  member  of  the  House  for  six 
years,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Se 
nate  in  1829.  He  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council 
of  Massachusetts  in  1817,  and  to  a 
similar  station  in  Maine  in  1841, 
but  he  declined  both  offices.  He 
settled  in  Keuuebunk  early  in  the 
present  century,  where  he  died, 
May  1,  1858. 

DANIEL,  HENRY. 

He  was  born  in  1793,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1827  to  1833,  where 
he  had  a  famous  encounter  with 
Tristuin  Burgess. 

DANIEL,  JOHN  R.  J. 

Born  in  Halifax  County,  North 
Carolina;  graduated  at  the  univer 
sity  of  that  State  in  1821 ;  studied 
law,  and  practiced  it  with  success ; 
he  served  for  several  years  in  the 
General  Assembly,  and  was  elected 
Attorney-General  of  the  State ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1841  to  1853,  serving  through 


several  sessions  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Claims. 

DANNER,  JOEL  B. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1850 
to  1851. 

DARBY,  EZRA. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1806 
to  1808. 

DARBY,  JOHN  FLETCHER. 

Born  in  Person  County,  North 
Carolina,  December  10,  1803.  In 
1818  he  removed  with  his  father  to 
Missouri,  and  settled  in  St.  Louis 
County,  where,  until  1823,  he  work 
ed  on  a  farm,  pursuing  his  studies 
under  many  difficulties,  having  pre 
viously  received  a  good  English 
education  in  his  native  town.  After 
the  death  of  his  parents,  in  1825, 
he  applied  for  an  appointment  at 
West  Point,  but  being  unsuccessful, 
sold  out  his  father's  estate,  and  went 
to  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  and  stu 
died  law  with  Mr.  Crittenden.  In 
May,  1827,  having  a  license  to  prac 
tice  from  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Kentucky,  he  returned  to  Missouri 
and  commenced  his  professional  life. 
He  was  four  times  chosen  Mayor  of 
the  City  of  St.  Louis,  and  once  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

DARGAN,  EDWARD  S. 

lie  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
removed  in  early  youth  to  Alabama, 


140 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


where  he  subsequently  taught  school 
and  studied  law.  In  1844  he  was 
elected  Mayor  of  Mobile ;  from 
1845  to  1847  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress ;  and  during  the 
latter  year  was  elected  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Alabama. 

DARLING,  MASON  C. 

Born  in  Bellingham,  Massachu 
setts,  May  18,  1801 ;  received  a 
common  school  education ;  com 
menced  active  life  as  a  school 
teacher  in  ISTew  York  ;  and  having 
studied  medicine,  graduated  at  the 
Berkshire  Medical  Institution  of 
Massachusetts  in  1824.  He  prac 
ticed  his  profession  for  thirteen 
years,  when  he  removed  to  Wiscon 
sin,  and  aided  in  establishing  the 
towns  of  Sheboygan  and  Fond  du 
Lac.  The  principal  offices  held  by 
him,  in  Wisconsin,  were  those  of 
Judge  of  Probate,  Mayor  of  Fond 
du  Lac,  a  member,  for  several  years, 
of  the  Territorial  Legislature,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
the  State  of  Wisconsin,  from  1847 
to  1849. 

DARLINGTON,  EDWARD. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1839. 

DARLINGTON,  ISAAC. 

Born  in  Westtown,  Chester 
County,  Pennsylvania,  December 
13,  1781,  and  died  April  27,  1839. 
He  was  brought  up  to  hard  labor, 
partly  on  a  farm,  and  in  the  shop  of 
his  father,  a  worthy  blacksmith,  and 


was  a  Quaker  in  religion.  He  edu 
cated  himself,  taught  school,  studied 
law,  and  was  successful  as  a  practi 
tioner.  In  1807  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  ;  served  as  a 
volunteer  lieutenant  in  the  last  war 
with  England  ;  and  was  a  member 
of  Congress,  from  1817  to  1819,— 
declining  a  re-election.  In  1820  he 
was  appointed  Deputy  Attorney- 
General  for  Chester  County,  and  in 
1821  was  appointed  President  Judge 
of  the  County  Court,  which  he  held 
until  his  death. 

DARLINGTON,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Birmingham,  Chester 
County,  Pennsylvania,  April  28, 
1783.  He  was  brought  up  on  a 
farm  until  eighteen  years  old,  trained 
in  the  religion  of  George  Fox,  and 
when  young  had  but  a  limited 
education.  He  studied  medicine, 
and  in  1804  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania;  in  1806  he 
was  disowned  by  the  Society  of 
Friends  for  accepting  the  appoint 
ment  of  surgeon  to  a  military  regi 
ment ;  in  1807  he  went  to  India  as 
surgeon  of  a  merchant-ship  ;  in  1811 
and  1812  he  assisted  in  establishing 
the  West  Chester  Academy,  Penn 
sylvania,  of  which  he  was  long  a 
trustee,  and  the  secretary  ;  in  1813 
he  prepared  a  catalogue  of  plants 
of  his  native  country;  in  1814  he 
took  part  in  establishing  the  Bank 
of  West  Chester,  and  was  its  presi 
dent  ;  when  Washington  City  was 
attacked  by  the  British,  he  went 
thither  as  a  volunteer  ;  and  he  was 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  Penn- 


B  i  o  Q  R  A  p  ii  i  CA  L    SKETCHES. 


141 


sylvania,  from  1815  to  1817,  and 
again  from  1819  to  1823.  He  was 
also  a  member  of  the  ''  American 
Philosophical  Society  ;"  was  a  Ca 
nal  Commissioner  in  1825  ;  in  1820 
he  aided  in  forming  a  Natural  His 
tory  Society  iu  West  Chester,  and 
was  elected  President  of  the  same  ; 
and  on  account  of  his  devotion  to 
science  and  his  scientific  learning, 
a  number  of  rare  plants  were  named 
after  him,  by  leading  naturalists  of 
Switzerland  and  America.  He  also 
held  the  office  of  Clerk  of  the  Court 
of  Chester  County;  aided  in  found 
ing  and  was  President  of  the  "West 
Chester  Medical  Society  ;"  was  pre 
sident  of  a  rail  way  company ;  in  1847 
he  was  robbed  of  $50,000  belonging 
to  the  bank  of  which  he  was  presi 
dent  ;  his  publications  on  botany 
and  kindred  subjects  are  quite  nu 
merous  ;  and  he  has  been  elected  a 
member  of  some  forty  learned  socie 
ties,  in  America  and  Europe.  He 
is  still  living  (August,  1858,)  in  the 
enjoyment  of  good  health  and  his 
many  honors. 

DARRAGII,  CORNELIUS. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and- was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1847. 

DAVEE,  THOMAS. 

Born  in  Plymouth, Massachusetts, 
December  9,  1797 ;  removed  to 
Maine,  and  was  bred  a  merchant ; 
served  six  years  in  the  two  Houses 
of  the  Maine  Legislature  ;  served  a 
second  term  in  the  State  Assembly, 


and  was  chosen  Speaker ;  he  was 
also  High  Sheriff  of  Somerset  Coun 
ty  ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1837  to  1841.  lie  was 
also,  for  many  years,  a  postmaster 
in  Maine,  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death  was  a  Senator-elect  of  the 
State  Legislature.  He  died,  sup 
ported  by  the  hopes  of  the  Chris 
tian,  December  9,  1841. 

DAVENPORT,  FRANKLIN. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  New  Jersey,  from  1798  to 
1799,  and  a  Representative  iu  Con 
gress,  from  1799  to  1801. 

DAVENPORT,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1777,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Connecti 
cut,  from  1796  to  1797,  in  which 
year  he  died. 

DAVENPORT,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1770 ; 
was  a  tutor  in  that  college ;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Connecticut,  from  1799  to  1807. 
He  died  in  1830. 

DAVENPORT,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1827  to  1829. 

DAVENPORT,   THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1825  to 
1835,  and  died  in  Halifax  County, 
in  November,  1838. 


142 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


DAVIDSON,  THOMAS  G. 
Born  in  Jefferson  County,  Missis 
sippi,  August  3, 1805 ;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1827  ;  in  1833  was  Register  of  the 
Land-office  at  Greensburg,  Louisi 
ana  ;  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  that  State  in  1833,  where  he 
served,  from  different  parishes,  some 
thirteen  years ;  and  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  in 
1855;  re-elected  in  1857,  and  is 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  En 
rolled  Bills,  and  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Claims. 

DAVIDSON,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  native  of  Mecklenburg 
County,  North  Carolina,  having 
been  born  September  12,  1778;  re 
presented  that  county  in  the  State 
Legislature,  as  a  Senator,  in  1813, 
1815,  1816,  and  1817;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
his  native  State,  from  1818  to  1821. 
He  served  again  in  the  State  Se 
nate,  in  1827,  1828,  and  1829.  He 
died  in  Charlotte,  Mecklenburg 
County,  September  16,  1857,  from 
injuries  which  he  received  by  being 
thrown  from  his  carriage,  while  tak 
ing  a  drive  with  a  fractious  horse. 
Though  leading  the  quiet  life  of  a 
planter,  he  was  a  man  of  great  in 
fluence  and  usefulness. 

DAVIES,  EDWARD. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837  to 
1841. 


DAVIS,  AMOS. 

He  represented  Kentucky  in 
Congress,  from  1833  to  1835,  and 
died  in  Owingsville,  Kentucky, 
June  5,  1835. 

DAVIS,  GARRIT. 

He  was  born  in  1803;  studied 
law  and  acquired  distinction  in  the 
practice;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky, 
from  1839  to  1847. 

DAVIS,  GEORGE  T. 

He  was  born  in  Sandwich,  Mas 
sachusetts,  January  12,  1810;  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  College  in  1829 ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1832  ;  was  elected  to  the 
Senate  of  Massachusetts  in  1839 
and  1840 ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1851  to  1853. 
He  is  now  devoted  to  his  profes 
sion, 

DAVIS,   H.  W. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland ;  elect 
ed  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty- 
fifth  Congresses,  from  that  State,  as 
a  Representative ;  and  is  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Ways  and 
Means. 

DAVIS,  JEFFERSON. 

He  was  born  in  Christian  Coun 
ty,  Kentucky,  in  1805,  but  his  fa 
ther  removed  to  Mississippi  in  his 
infancy.  He  commenced  his  edu 
cation  at  the  Transylvania  Univer 
sity,  Kentucky,  but  left  it  for  the 
West  Point  Academy,  where  he 
graduated  in  1828.  He  followed 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


143 


the  fortunes  of  a  soldier  until  1835, 
when  he  became  a  planter.  He 
wns  a  cadet  from  1S24  to  1828; 
second  lieutenant  of  infantry  from 
1828  to  1833;  first  lieutenant  of 
dragoons  from  1833  to  1835,  serv 
ing  in  various  campaigns  against 
the  Indians;  was  adjutant  of  dra 
goons,  and  at  different  times  served 
in  the  quartermaster's  department; 
in  1844  was  a  Presidential  Pllector; 
in  1845  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Mississippi, 
for  one  term,  but  resigned  ia  1846, 
to  become  Colonel  of  a  volunteer 
regiment  to  serve  in  Mexico ;  in 
Mexico  he  received  the  appointment 
of  Brigadier-General;  in  1841  was 
appointed  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  elected 
for  the  term  ending  in  1851 ;  was 
re-elected  for  a  term  of  six  years, 
but  resigned ;  was  appointed  Se 
cretary  of  War  by  President  Pierce, 
serving  throughout  his  administra 
tion  ;  and  in  1857  again  took  his 
seat  in  the  United  States  Senate 
for  the  term  of  six  years.  lie  is 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs,  and  a  member  of 
those  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds,  and  on  Printing. 

DAVIS,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Massachusetts,  in  1190; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1812 ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1825  to  1833;  Governor  of  Massa 
chusetts  during  the  years  1833  and 
1834;  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
1835  to  1841,  and  again  from  1845 


to  1853,  always  serving  on  import 
ant  committees  and  exerting  much 
influence.  On  account  of  his  many 
popular  qualities,  he  was  called 
"  Honest  John  Davis."  lie  died 
suddenly,  at  Worcester,  April  19, 
1854. 

DAVIS,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1839 
to  1841. 

DAVIS,  JOHN  G. 

Born  in  Fleming  County,  Ken 
tucky,  October  10,  1810.  His  edu 
cation  was  obtained  at  a  country 
school,  where,  during  the  winter 
months,  he  studied  the  rudiments  of 
reading,  writing,  and  arithmetic. 
He  was  bred  to  the  occupation  of  a 
farmer;  was  elected  sheriff  of  Parke 
County,  Indiana,  where  he  now 
resides,  and  resigned  in  1832. 
He  was  clerk  of  the  Superior  and 
Inferior  Courts  of  that  county, 
from  1833  to  1851,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  from  Indiana  in  the 
Thirty-second,  Thirty-third,  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses ;  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Lands,  and  also  served  on  the 
Committee  to  Examine  into  the 
Accounts  of  the  late  Clerk  of  the 
House.  He  has  also  been  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

DAVIS,  JOHN  W. 

He  is  a  native  of  Cumberland 
County,  Pennsylvania ;  after  com 
pleting  his  medical  studies  in  Balti 
more,  he  emigrated  to  Indiana.  He 


144 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


served  in  the  Legislature  of  that 
State,  and  was  Speaker  of  the 
lower  branch,  and  also  acted  as 
Commissioner  to  make  a  treaty 
with  the  Indians.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Indiana, 
from  1835  to  1837,  from  1839  to 
1841,  and  again  from  1843  to  1847, 
and  was  once  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives.  He  was,  in 
1848,  appointed  Minister  to  China, 
and,  subsequently,  held  the  position 
of  Governor  of  Oregon  Territory. 

DAVIS,  REUBEN. 

Born  in  Tennessee,  January  18, 
1813.  He  was  self-educated,  owing 
to  the  limited  means  of  his  father. 
He  studied  and  practiced  medicine 
for  a  few  years,  and,  afterwards, 
pursued  the  law  as  a  profession. 
In  1835  was  chosen  District  Attor 
ney  for  the  Sixth  Judicial  District 
of  Mississippi.  In  1837  he  was 
re-elected  to  the  same  office  ;  served 
for  four  months,  in  1842,  on  the 
bench  of  the  High  Court  of  Errors 
and  Appeals ;  was  in  the  Mexican 
war  as  colonel  commandant  of  the 
Mississippi  Rifles,  but  resigned  on 
account  of  sickness,  and  was  in  no 
battle ;  was  elected  to  the  lower 
branch  of  the  State  Legislature 
from  1855  to  1857,  and  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committees  on 
the  Post-office  and  Post-roads  and 
Expenditures  in  the  Navy  Depart 
ment. 

DAVIS,  RICHARD  D. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1818,  and 


was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  his  native  State,  from  1841  to 
1845. 

DAVIS,  ROGER. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1811 
to  1815. 

DAVIS,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1813  to 
1815. 

DAVIS,  SAMUEL  B. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Louisiana,  from  1853  to  1855. 

DAVIS,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  hav 
ing  emigrated  to  Rhode  Island,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1853  to  1855. 

DAVIS,  THOMAS  T. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1797  to 
1803,  and  was  appointed  in  that 

I  year  Judge  in  the  Territory  of  In- 

|  diana. 

DAVIS,  TIMOTHY. 

He  was  born  in  Newark,  New 
Jersey,  in  March,  1794;  received 
a  common  school  education;  re 
moved  to  Kentucky  in  1816,  and 
was  there  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1817  ;  spent  twenty  years  of  his 
life  in  Missouri ;  and,  having  re 
moved  to  Iowa,  was  elected  a  Re- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


145 


preservative,  from  that  State,  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Post-office  and  Post-roads. 

DAVIS,  TIMOTHY. 

He  was  born  in  Gloucester,  Mas 
sachusetts,  April  12,  1821;  was 
educated  at  a  district  school,  which 
he  did  not  attend  after  reaching  the 
age  of  twelve  years ;  spent  two 
years  in  a  printing-office ;  lived  a 
number  of  years  in  Boston  as  a  clerk 
and  as  a  merchant ;  in  1854,  by  an 
unusually  large  majority,  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  his  native  district;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  and  has  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs. 

DAVIS,  WARREN  R. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina ;  ! 

graduated  at  the  College  of  South  j 

Carolina  in  1810;  adopted  the  pro-  j 

fession  of  law ;  was  appointed  Soli-  j 
citor  for  South  Carolina,  and  was  a 

Representative   in    Congress,  from  I 

South  Carolina,  from  1827  to  1835,  | 
and  died  in  Washington,  District 
of  Columbia,  January  29,  1835. 

DA  WES,  HENRY  L. 

Born  in  Cummington,  Hampshire 
County,  Massachusetts,  October  30, 
1816.  He  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege,  and  adopted  the  profession  of 
the  law.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  Massachusetts;  of 
the  Lower  House  during  the  years 
1848,  1849,  and  1852;  of  the  State 
Senate  in  1850;  and  also  of  the 
10 


State  Constitutional  Convention  in 
1853.  He  was  also  District  Attor 
ney  for  the  Western  District  of  his 
native  State  from  1853  until  elected 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Revolutionary  Claims.  He  has  been 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

DAWSON,  JOHN. 

He  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  17H2;  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1797  to  1814;  and  was 
appointed  bearer  of  dispatches 
to  France  in  1801,  by  President 
Adams.  He  died  in  1814. 

DAWSON,  JOHN  B. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Louisiana,  from  1841  to 
the  time  of  his  death,  which  occur 
red  at  St.  Francisville,  Louisiana, 
June  26,  1845. 

DAWSON,  JOHN  L. 

He  represented  Pennsylvania  in 
Congress  from  1851  to  1855.  He 
died  March  10,  1857,  from  the 
effects,  it  is  believed,  of  the  myste 
rious  National  Hotel  disease.  He 
was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce, 
Governor  of  Kansas,  but  declined. 

DAWSON,  WILLIAM  C. 

Born  in  Greene  County,  Georgia, 
January  4,  1798,  and  died  May  5, 
1856.  He  graduated  at  Franklin 
College  in  1816;  studied  law  at 
home  and  at  Litchfield,  Connecti 
cut  ;  and  having  been  admitted  to 
the  bar,  settled  at  Greensborough, 


146 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


in  1818,  where  he  was  eminently 
successful  as  a  jury  lawyer.  He 
was  for  twelve  years  Clerk  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  Geor 
gia,  and  several  times  Senator  and 
Representative  in  the  Legislature. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1837  to  1842 ;  and  in 
1845  he  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Ockmulgee  Circuit;  and  from 
1849  to  1855  he  was  a  Senator  of 
the  United  States,  where  he  served 
on  important  committees,  and  spoke 
on  many  important  questions  of 
national  interest,  and  commanded 
a  wide  influence. 

DAWSON,  WILLIAM  J. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  North  Carolina,  from  1793  to 
1795. 

DAY,  ROWLAND. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1816  and  1817, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1823 
to  1825,  and  again  from  1833  to 
1835. 

DAY,  TIMOTHY  C. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

DAYAN,  CHARLES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1831 
to  1833;  a  State  Senator  in  1827 
and  1828;  and  a  member  of  the 
Assembly  in  1835  and  1836. 


DAYTON,  JONATHAN. 

A  native  of  New  Jersey;  gradu 
ated  at  Princeton  College  in  1776  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Conven 
tion  in  1787  ;  a  Representative  in 
Congressfrom  1791  to  1799;  Speak 
er  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
in  1797  ;  and  was  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States  from  1799  to  1805. 
He  was  a  distinguished  statesman, 
and  died  at  Elizabethtown,  New 
Jersey,  October  9,  1824,  aged  about 
sixty-eight  years. 

DAYTON,  WILLIAM  L. 

Born  in  New  Jersey,  February 
17,  1807  ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College;  is  a  lawyer  by  profession; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate 
of  New  Jersey  in  1837  ;  was  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  Justices  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  the  State  Feb 
ruary  28,  1838,  and  resigned  said 
office  in  1841,  and  resumed  the  prac 
tice  of  law;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  from  1842  to  1851.  In  March, 
1857,  was  appointed  Attorney-Gen 
eral  of  New  Jersey,  which  office  he 
still  holds. 

DEAN,  EZRA. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1841  to  1845. 

DEAN,  GILBERT. 

Is  a  native  of  Pleasant  Valley, 
Dutchess  County,  New  York.  In 
May,  1837,  he  entered  the  Amenia 
Seminary,  and  in  September  of  the 
same  year  he  went  to  Yale  College, 
and  graduated  in  1841.  He  studied 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


147 


law  in  Pine  Plains,  and  commenced 
•practice  in  Poughkeepsie  in  1844, 
attaining  eminence  in  his  profes 
sion  ;  and  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress  from  1851  to 
1853. 

DEAN,  SIDNEY. 

He  was  born  in  Glastenbury, 
Hartford  County,  Connecticut,  No 
vember  16, 1818.  He  received  only 
a  common  school  education ;  en 
tered  upon  active  life  as  a  manu 
facturer;  but  subsequently  became 
a  clergyman.  He  served  one  year 
in  the  Legislature  of  Connecticut, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  in 
1855,  and  re-elected  in  1857 ;  of 
ficiating  during  his  first  term  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Expenditures,  and  is  now  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia. 

DEANE,  JOSIAH. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1807  to  1809. 

DEARBORN,  HENRY. 
Was  a  native  of  New  Hampshire, 
and  settled,  in  the  practice  of  physic,  j 
at  Portsmouth.     He  was  a  captain  | 
in  Stark's  regiment  at  the  battle 
of  Bunker  Hill ;   he  accompanied 
Arnold  in  the  expedition  through 
the  wilderness  of  Maine  to  Quebec ; 
he  was  captured  by  the  British,  and 
put  into  close  confinement,  but  in 
May,   1776,  was  permitted  to  re 
turn  on  parole;    in  March,  1777, 
he  was  exchanged ;    he  served  as 


a  major  in  the  army  under  dates, 
at  the  capture  of  Burgoyne.  He 
distinguished  himself  at  the  battle 
of  Monmouth,  by  a  gallant  charge 
on  the  enemy.  Dearborn  being  sent 
to  ask  for  further  orders,  Washing 
ton  inquired,  by  way  of  commenda 
tion,  "  What  troops  are  those  ?" 
"  Full-blooded  Yankees  from  New 
Hampshire,  sir,"  was  the  reply.  In 
1779  he  accompanied  Sullivan  in 
his  expedition  against  the  Indians ; 
in  1780  he  was  with  the  army  in 
New  Jersey;  in  1781  he  was  at 
Yorktown,  at  the  surrender  of  Corn- 
wallis;  in  1789  Washington  ap 
pointed  him  Marshal  of  the  District 
of  Maine.  He  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  1793  to  1797. 
In  1801  he  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  War,  and  held  the  office 
till  1809,  when  he  was  appointed 
to  the  lucrative  office  of  Collector 
of  Boston.  In  1812  he  received  a 
commission  as  senior  major-general 
in  the  army  of  the  United  States. 
In  the  spring  of  1813  he  captured 
York,  in  Upper  Canada,  and  Fort 
George,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ni 
agara.  He  was  recalled,  by  Mr. 
Madison,  in  July.  He  was  ordered 
to  assume  the  command  of  the  mi 
litary  district  of  New  York  City. 
In  1822  he  was  appointed  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  to  Portugal ;  two 
years  after  he  returned  to  America, 
at  his  own  request.  He  died  in 
1829,  aged  seventy-eight  years. 

DEARBORN,  HENRY. 
Born  in   1783,  in  Exeter,  New 
Hampshire  ;  was  educated  at  Wil 
liam  and  Mary  College,  Virginia 


148 


BlOGKAPHICAL     SKETCHES. 


and  commenced  the  study  of  law 
in  Washington,  while  his  father 
was  Secretary  of  War  under  Jeffer 
son.  He  finished  his  studies  at 
Salem,  Massachusetts,  in  the  office 
of  Judge  Story,  and  commenced 
to  practice  in  that  city.  He  re 
moved  to  Portland,  and  superin 
tended  the  erection  of  the  forts  in 
the  harbor.  He  was  appointed  Col 
lector  of  Boston,  by  President  Madi 
son,  (having  been  previously  made 
Deputy  Collector  by  his  father, 
when  Collector,)  as  an  inducement 
for  his  father  to  accept  the  com 
mand  of  the  army,  and  he  held  the 
office  until  removed  by  General 
Jackson,  in  1829.  In  1812  he  was 
brigadier  of  militia,  and  had  the 
command  of  the  troops  in  Boston 
harbor.  In  1821  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  for  revising  the 
Constitution  of  Massachusetts.  In 
1829  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Legislature,  from  Roxbury ;  and  the 
same  year  chosen  Executive  Coun 
cillor;  and  the  following  year  a 
State  Senator.  From  1831  to  1833, 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress.  He  was  soon  appointed 
Adjutant-General  of  Massachusetts, 
and  continued  in  that  office  till 
1843,  when  he  was  removed  for 
lending  some  of  the  State  arms 
during  the  Dorr  Rebellion  in  Rhode 
Island.  In  1847  was  chosen  May  or 
of  Roxbury,  which  office  he  held 
until  his  death.  While  in  the  Cus 
tom-house,  in  Boston,  he  wrote  and 
published  three  volumes  on  the 
"  Commerce  of  the  Black  Sea." 
He  also  wrote  a  biography  of  Com 


modore  Bainbridge,  and  one  of  his 
father ;  a  book  on  Architecture,  and 
a  Life  of  Christ.  He  died,  in  Port 
land,  Maine,  July  29,  1851. 

DEBERRY,  EDMUND. 

Born  in  Montgomery  County, 
North  Corolina,  August  14,  1787. 
He  was  educated  at  the  ordinary 
schools  of  the  county,  and  having 
entered  public  life,  in  1806,  as  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature, 
he  continued  to  serve  there,  with 
occasional  intermissions,  until  1828 ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1829  to  1831,  from  1833 
to  1845,  and  again  from  1849  to 
1851. 

DE  GRAFF,  JOHN  J. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  New  York,  from  1827 
to  1829,  and  again  from  1837  to 
1839. 

DEITZ,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly,  in  1814  and  1815; 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1825  to  1827  ;  and 
a  State  Senator,  from  1830  to  1833. 

DELANO,  COLUMBUS. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 
having  removed  to  Ohio,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1845  to  1847. 

DEMMING,  BENJAMIN  F. 

He  was  born  at  Danville,  Ver- 
mont;  received  a  common  school 
education  ;  served  a  number  of  years 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


149 


as  a  clerk  in  a  store ;  was  clerk  of 
'the  court  in  his  native  county  for 
sixteen  years ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  for  the 
term  from  1833  to  1835,  but  died 
at  Saratoga  Springs,  whither  he 
had  gone  for  his  health,  July  11, 
1834. 

I)E  MOTT,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  As 
sembly,  in  1833  ;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1845  to  1847. 

DENNIS,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1841. 

DENNIS,  LITTLETON  P. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1803,  and  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1833  to  1835,  and  died  at 
Washington,  April  14,  1834,  before 
the  expiration  of  his  term  in  Con 
gress. 

DENNISON,  GEORGE. 

He  was  born  in  Luzerne  County, 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1819  to  1823. 

DENNY,  IIARMAR. 

Born  in  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1794;  graduated  at  Dickinson 
College ;  was  a  member  of  the  Le 
gislature  of  his  native  State,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 


1829  to  1837,  and  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  formed  the  pre 
sent  Constitution  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  died  in  Pittsburg,  January  29, 
1852. 

DENT,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  17  93  to 
1801,  and  was  appointed  in  the 
latter  year  United  States  Marshal 
for  the  Potomac  District.  During 
the  third  session  of  the  Fifth  Con 
gress  he  was  elected  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Representatives. 

DENT,  WILLIAM  B.  W. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Georgia,  from  1853  to  1855. 

DENVER,  JAMES  W. 

Born  in  Winchester,  Virginia,  in 
1818.  When  quite  young  he  emi 
grated  to  Ohio  with  his  parents ; 
received  a  good  education  ;  in  1841 
he  went  to  Missouri,  where  he 
taught  school  and  studied  law  ;  he 
served  in  the  Mexican  war  as  a 
captain,  under  appointment  from 
President  Polk ;  in  1850  he  went  to 
California,  where  he  was  appointed 
member  of  a  relief  committee  to 
protect  emigrants ;  and,  afterwards, 
Secretary  of  State  of  California; 
he  was  a  Representative,  from  Ca 
lifornia,  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress;  by  President  Buchanan  he 
was  appointed  Commissioner  of  In 
dian  Affairs,  which  office  he  resign 
ed  to  accept  the  appointment  of 
I  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Kan- 


150 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


sas,  which  position  he  resigned  in 
November,  1858,  and  was  re-ap 
pointed  Commissioner  of  Indian 
Affairs. 

DESAUSSURE,  WILLIAM  F. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1810;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  his  native  State, 
from  1852  to  1853. 

DESHA,  JOSEPH. 

He  was   born   in  Pennsylvania, 
December  9,  17  G  8,  and  emigrated  j 
to   Kentucky  in  1781;  in  1794  he 
served  as  a  volunteer  in  the  expe 
dition  against  the   Indians,   under 
General  Wayne  ;  served  for  a  time 
in  the  State  Legislature  ;  fought  at 
the  battle  of  the  Thames,  as  a  ma-  ; 
jor-general ;  was  a  Representative  i 
in  Congress,  from  1817  to  1819; 
was  Governor  of  Kentucky  for  four 
years,   from    1824;    and    died    at 
Georgetown,  Kentucky,  October  11, 
1842. 

DESHA,  ROBERT. 

He  was  a  prominent  merchant  of 
Mobile,  where  he  died,  February  8, 
1849;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from 
1827  to  1831. 

DEW  ART,  LEWIS. 

He  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1831  to  1833. 

DEWART,  WILLIAM  L. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania ;  is 
a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  a  mem 


ber  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
from  his  native  State.  He  is  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Unfinished 
Business. 

DEWEY,  DANIEL. 

Was  a  lawyer,  having  studied 
under  Theodore  Sedgwick,  and  at 
tained  a  high  rank  in  his  profession. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Council  of 
the  State,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Berkshire  District, 
Massachusetts,  in  1813  and  1814; 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Massachusetts  in 
1814.  He  died  June  3,  1815. 

DE  WITT,  ALEXANDER. 

Born  in  Worcester  County,  Mas 
sachusetts,  April  2,  1798.  He  is  a 
bank  president;  was  once  in  the 
Legislature  of  his  native  State,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  dur 
ing  the  years  1856  and  1857. 

DE  WITT,  CHARLES  G. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1829 
to  1831,  and  appointed  Charge 
d' Affaires,  for  Central  America,  in 
1833.  He  died  at  Newburg,  April 
13,  1839. 

DE  WITT,  JACOB  II. 

He  was  born  in  Ulster  County, 
New  York,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1819  to  1821,  and  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Assembly  in  1839 
and  in  1847.  He  died  at  Kingston, 
New  York,  January  30,  1857,  aged 
seventy-three  years. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


151 


DE  WOLFE,  JAMES. 
He  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  from  Rhode   Island,  from  ' 
1821  to  1825,  and  died  in  the  City  ; 
of  New  York,  December  21,  1837, 
aged  seventy-four  years. 

DEXTER,  SAMUEL. 
Was  a  native  of  Massachusetts, 
and  horn  in  1761  ;  he  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1781;  and, 
having  studied  law  at  Worcester, 
with  Levi  Lincoln,  he  soon  rose  to 
professional  eminence.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives  in  Congress,  from  1793  to 
1795,  and  was  elected  to  the  Senate, 
serving  from  1799  to  1800.  Dur 
ing  the  administration  of  John 
Adams  he  was  appointed  Secretary 
of  War,  in  1800,  and  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  in  January,  1801; 
and,  for  a  short  time,  also,  had  the 
charge  of  the  Department  of  State. 
On  the  accession  of  Mr.  Jefferson 
to  the  Presidency,  he  held  the  office 
of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and, 
not  complying  with  an  intimation 
to  resign,  Mr.  Gallatin  was  ap 
pointed  in  his  place.  In  1812  he 
abandoned  the  party  to  which  he  ' 
had  always  been  attached,  and  be 
came  a  leader  on  the  other  side,  I 
and,  as  such,  was  the  candidate  for  > 
Governor  of  Massachusetts,  in  1815 
and  1816,  in  opposition  to  Governor 
Brooks.  A  mission  to  Spain  was 
offered  him,  by  Mr.  Madison,  in  , 
1815.  He  died  in  1816. 

DICK,  JOHN. 

Was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  was 
bred  a  merchant,  and  was  a  mem-  ! 


ber  of  Congress,  from  said  State, 
in  1854  and  1855,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth 
Congresses,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Accounts. 

DICKENS,  SAMUEL. 
A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from    North   Carolina,  during   the 
years  1816  and  1817. 

DICKERSON,  MAHLON. 

Born  in  Morris  County,  New  Jer 
sey,  in  1769;  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College  in  1789;  studied  law, 
and  in  early  life  he  resided  in  Penn 
sylvania,  where  he  was  Recorder  of 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  sub 
sequently  Quartermaster-General  of 
the  State  ;  he  returned  to  New  Jer 
sey,  and  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  of  that  State.  He  was  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Jer 
sey,  and  was  elected  Governor  of 
that  State  in  1815,  and  held  the 
office  until  1817,  when  he  was  chosen 
United  States  Senator,  and  con 
tinued  in  that  office  for  sixteen 
years.  In  1834  he  became  Secre 
tary  of  the  Navy,  in  the  cabinet  of 
President  Jackson,  and  held  that 
department  until  1838,  some  two 
years  after  the  accession  of  Presi 
dent  Van  Buren.  For  two  years 
he  was  President  of  the  American 
Institute.  He  died  in  Morris 
County,  New  Jersey,  October  5, 
1853. 

DICKERSON,  PHILEMON. 

A  native  of  New  Jersey,  was  an 
officer  in  the  war  of  the  American 
Revolution,  and  enjoyed  a  great 


152 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHED. 


reputation  for  courage  and  zeal  in 
the  cause  of  liberty.  He  com 
manded  the  Jersey  militia  at  the 
battle  of  Monmouth ;  and  after  the 
organization  of  the  National  Go 
vernment  in  its  present  form  he 
was  appointed  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1790  to  1793.  Having 
discharged  in  a  satisfactory  manner 
the  duties  of  the  several  civil  and 
military  stations  which  he  held,  he 
enjoyed  several  years  of  retirement 
from  public  life ;  and  died  at  Tren 
ton  in  1809.  He  was  a  Delegate 
from  Delaware,  to  the  Continental 
Congress,  from  1782  to  1783. 

DICKERSON,  PHILEMON. 

He  was  the  son  of  the  above  and 
a  native  of  New  Jersey,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  the 
Paterson  District  in  that  State, 
from  1833  to  1837,  and  again  from 
1839  to  1841. 

DICKEY,  JESSE  C. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1849  to  1851. 

DICKEY,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1843  to 
1845,  and  from  1847  to  1849;  and 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  was  United 
States  Marshal  for  Western  Penn 
sylvania.  He  died  in  Beaver 
County,  March  14,  1853. 

DICKINSON,  DANIEL  S. 

He  was  born  in  Goshen,  Litch- 
field  County,  Connecticut,  Septem 


ber  11,  1800;  removed  with  his 
family  to  New  York  in  180G ;  he 
was  self-educated,  and  adopted  the 
profession  of  law.  He  was  at  one 
time  in  the  State  Senate ;  was 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Errors  from 
1836  to  1841 ;  he  was  Lieutenant- 
Governor,  President  of  the  Senate 
and  of  said  court,  from  1842  to 
1844 ;  was  a  Democratic  Elector 
in  1844 ;  and  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1844 
to  1851,  since  which  time  he  has 
lived  in  retirement. 

DICKINSON,  DAVID  W. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1833 
to  1835,  and  again  from  1843  to 
1845,  and  died  at  Franklin,  Ten 
nessee,  April  27,  of  the  latter  year. 

DICKINSON,  EDWARD. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853  to 
1855. 

DICKINSON,  JOHN  D. 

He  was  born  in  Middlesex 
County,  Connecticut,  in  1767;  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1785, 
and  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1819  to  1823, 
and  again  from  1827  to  1831  ;  and 
died  at  Troy,  January  28,  1841. 

DICKINSON,  RUDOLPHUS. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  having  removed  to  Ohio,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1847  to  1849. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


153 


DICKSON,  DAVID. 

He  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  Mississippi,  in  1835  and  1836, 
and  died  at  Little  Rock,  Arkansas, 
July  31,  1836. 

DICKSON,  J01IN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1831 
to  1835,  and  died  at  West  Bloom-  ; 
field,  New  York,  February  22, 1852.  ! 

DICKSON,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  during  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress.     He  died  • 
at  his  residence,  in  New  Scotland,  . 
New  York,  May  3,  1858,  in  conse-  j 
quence  of  spinal  injuries  received  ! 
while  in   the  faithful  discharge  of  j 
his   public  duties  at  Washington. 
He  had  been  bred  a  physician,  and 
was  universally  respected. 

DICKSON,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1801  to 
1807. 

DILLET,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina,  and  one  of  the  early  graduates 
of  the  university  of  that  State,  hav 
ing  left  it  in  1810  ;  he  adopted  the 
profession  of  law  ;  removed  to  Ala 
bama  in  1818,  where  he  was  appoint 
ed  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court, 
and  frequently  represented  his  coun 
ty  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Alabama,  from  1839  to  1841,  and 
again  from  1843  to  1845.  He  died 


at  Claiborne,  December  21,  1848, 
aged  sixty  years. 

DILLINGHAM,  PAUL,  Jn. 

He  was  born  at  Shutesbury, 
Franklin  County,  Massachusetts, 
August,  1800;  removed  to  Water- 
bury,  Vermont,  with  his  father,  in 
1805  ;  received  a  good  education  ; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  and 
was  admitted  to  practice,  in  Wash 
ington  County,  in  1824.  He  was 
Town  Clerk  of  Waterbury,  from 
1829  to  1844,  and  Justice  of  the 
Peace  eighteen  years.  He  was 
States  Attorney,  for  Washington 
County,  from  1835  to  1838  ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  in  1836  and  1837.  He  was  a 
Representative  to  the  General  As 
sembly  six  years,  and  State  Senator 
in  1841  and  1842;  and  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1843  to  1847,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary. 
He  has  since  that  time  devoted 
himself  to  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession. 

DIMMICK,  MILO  M. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1849  to 
1853. 

DIMMICK,  W.  II. 

He  was  born  in  Milford,  Pike 
County,  Pennsylvania,  December  20, 
1815.  He  received  an  academical 
education,  and  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law.  He  was  Prosecuting 
Attorney,  for  the  Commonwealth 


154 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


of  Pennsylvania,  for  Wayne  County,  j 
in  183G  and  1831 ;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Senate  in  1845,  1846, 
and  1847;  and  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative,  from  Pennsylvania,  in 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  officiating  j 
as  Chairman  of  the  Joint  Commit-  | 
tee  on  the  Library.     He  has  also 
been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  ! 
Congress. 

DIMOCK,  DAVIS,  JR. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con-  j 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1841  | 
to  1842. 

DINSMOOR,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  at  Londonderry, 
New  Hampshire,  in  1766;  gradu 
ated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1789  ; 
was  for  many  years  a  major-general 
of  militia  ;  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1811  to  1813;  a  Judge  of  Probate ; 
and  served  as  Governor  of  his  na 
tive  State  during  the  years  1831, 
1832,  and  1833.  He  died  at  Keene, 
March  15,  1835. 

DISNEY,  DAVID  T. 

He  was  a  native  of  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  and  removed  to  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio,  in  1820.  He  was  fre 
quently  a  member  of  both  branches 
of  the  State  Legislature  of  Ohio, 
and  three  times  elected  Speaker. 
He  represented  his  adopted  State 
in  Congress,  from  1849  to  1855. 
He  died  in  Washington,  March  14, 
1857,  aged  fifty-four  years. 


DIX,  JOHN  A. 

Born  in  Boscawen,  New  Hamp 
shire,  July  24,  1798.  He  com 
menced  his  education  by  attending 
the  academies  at  Salisbury  and  Ex 
eter  ;  spent  one  year  in  a  French 
College  at  Montreal;  and,  in  1812, 
was  appointed  a  cadet  in  the  army, 
but,  instead  of  going  to  West  Point, 
preferred  to  join  the  army  on  the 
frontier  as  an  ensign  ;  and,  in  1813, 
he  was  acting  adjutant  of  an  inde 
pendent  battalion.  In  1819  he 
was  aid-de-camp  to  Major-General 
Brown,  but  devoted  his  leisure  to 
the  study  of  law ;  from  that  time 
until  1828,  he  visited  Cuba  and 
traveled  in  Europe  for  his  health, 
when  he  settled  at  Cooperstown,  as 
a  lawyer.  In  1 831  he  was  adjutant- 
general  under  Governor  Throop  ;  in 
1833  he  was  appointed  Secretary 
of  State  of  New  York,  and  was  a 
Regent  of  the  State  University ;  in 
1841  he  was  elected  to  the  Assem 
bly,  from  Albany ;  and  after  making 
another  visit  abroad,  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  Senate,  where  he 
served  from  1845  to  1849.  Of  late 
years,  he  has  been  chiefly  engaged 
in  the  management  of  a  large  estate. 
In  1820  he  raceived  from  Brown 
University  the  degree  of  Master  of 
Arts,  and  in  1845,  from  Geneva 
College,  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Laws. 

DIXON,  ARCHIBALD. 

Was  born  in  Caswell  County, 
North  Carolina,  April  2,  1802,  and 
removed  with  his  father  to  Hender 
son  County,  Kentucky,  in  1805. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


155 


He  received  only  a  plain  English 
education  at  the  county  schools, 
but  made  good  use  of  his  advan 
tages,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty, 
entered  upon  the  study  of  law,  and 
acquired  considerable  reputation  as 
a  lawyer.  In  1830  he  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Legislature,  and  in 
183C  in  the  State  Senate,  and  again 
in  the  Lower  House  in  1841.  In 
1843  was  elected  Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor  of  Kentucky.  In  1849  was  a 
member  of  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  for  reforming  State  laws, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  United 
States  Senate,  from  1852  to  1855, 
being  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy  oc 
casioned  by  the  resignation  of  his 
friend,  Henry  Clay. 

DIXON,  JAMES. 

Born  in  Enfield,  Connecticut,  in 
1814  ;  graduated  at  Williams  Col 
lege,  Williamstown,  Massachusetts, 
in  1834;  is  a  lawyer  by  profession; 
and  was  a  member  of  the  House  in 
the  Legislature  of  Connecticut,  in 
1837,  1838,  and  1844,  and  of  the 
State  Senate  in  1849  and  1854; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1845  to  1849;  also  elected  a 
Senator  for  six  years,  from  March 
4,  1857.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Post-roads  and  Con 
tingent  Expenses  of  the  Senate. 

DIXON,  JOSEPH  HENRY. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  North  Carolina,  from  1799  to 
1801. 


DIXON,  NATHAN  F. 

Born  at  Flainficld,  Connecticut, 
in  1774  ;  graduated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  1799;  studied  law,  and 
established  himself  in  Rhode  Island, 
in  1802,  to  practice  his  profession. 
In  1813  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  that 
State,  to  which  he  was  appointed 
at  thirty-four  successive  elections. 
From  1839  to  1842  he  was  a  Sena 
tor  of  the  United  States.  He  died 
at  Washington,  District  of  Colum 
bia,  January  29,  1842. 

DIXON,  NATHAN  F. 

Born  in  Westerly,  Rhode  Island, 
May  1,  1812;  fitted  for  College  at 
Plainficld  Academy ;  and  graduated 
at  Brown  University  in  1833.  He 
attended  the  law  schools  at  New 
Haven  and  Cambridge,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  New  London 
in  1837,  and  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  Rhode  Island 
and  in  Connecticut.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
Rhode  Island,  from  1840  to  1849, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  Thirty-first  Congress.  In  1851 
he  was  again  elected  to  the  General 
Assembly,  and,  with  the  exception 
of  two  years,  has  held  the  office  to 
the  present  time. 

DOANE,   WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  hav 
ing  removed  to  Ohio,  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1839  to  1843. 


156 


BIOGRAPHICAL      SKETCHES. 


DOBBIN,  JAMES  C. 

He  was  born  in  1814  ;  graduated 
at  the  University  of  North  Caro 
lina  in  1832.  He  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession,  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  his 
native  State,  in  1845,  and  declined 
a  re-election.  He  served  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1848  and  1850, 
and  during  the  last  session  officiated 
as  Speaker.  His  eloquence  at  the 
bar  and  in  the  legislative  hall,  is 
said  to  have  been  of  the  most  win 
ning  character,  and  his  urbane  man 
ners  and  amiable  disposition  made 
him  a  general  favorite.  He  was 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  during  the 
whole  of  President  Pierce's  admin 
istration,  and  he  diedinFayetteville, 
North  Carolina,  August  4,  1857. 

DOCKERY,  A. 

He  was  a  native  of  North  Caro 
lina,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847,  and  again  from  1851  to 
1853. 

DODD,  EDAVARD. 

Born  in  Salem,  Washington  Co., 
New  York,  in  1805;  was  bred  a 
merchant ;  chosen  County  Clerk  of 
the  County  of  Washington  for  three 
terms  of  three  years  each,  commenc 
ing  January  1,  1835  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  New  York  in  1846  ;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1855  to  the  present  time,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  the  District 
of  Columbia. 


DODDRIDGE,  PHILIP. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  in  1829,  and 
continued  in  that  position  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  AVashing- 
ton,  November  19,  1832.  He  was 
a  distinguished  lawyer,  and  com 
manded  great  influence  in  Congress. 
He  was  about  sixty  years  of  age. 

DODGE,  AUGUSTUS  C. 

He  was  born  in  Missouri,  and 
was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from 
the  Territory  of  Iowa,  from  1841  to 
1847  ;  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
the  State  of  Iowa  from  1848  to 
1855;  after  which  he  received,  from 
President  Pierce,  the  appointment 
of  Minister  to  Spain,  which  he  has 
recently  resigned. 

DODGE,  HENRY. 

He  was  born  in  Indiana,  and  re 
moving  to  Wisconsin,  served,  with 
great  credit,  as  an  officer  of  volun 
teers,  on  the  Northwestern  frontiers. 
He  distinguished  himself  especially 
in  the  Black  Hawk  war,  and,  as  an 
Indian  fighter,  was  thought  to  have 
no  superior.  When  the  first  regi 
ment  of  dragoons  was  raised  in 
1833,  he  was  appointed  Colonel, 
which  office  he  resigned  in  1836, 
when  he  was  appointed  Governor  of 
Wisconsin  Territory  and  Superin 
tendent  of  Indian  Affairs.  He  was 
a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from  Wis 
consin,  from  1841  to  1845,  and  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  the  State 
of  Wisconsin,  from  1849  to  1857. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


157 


DOIG,  AXDKEW  W. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congn 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1*4:1. 
having  previously  served  one  year  j 
in  the  State  Assembly. 

DONEYELLES,  PETER. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1813  to 
1815. 

DONNELL,  RICHARD  S. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to 
1849. 

DOOLITTLE,  J.  R. 

Born  in  Hampton,  Washington 
County,  New  York,  January  3, 
1815 ;  graduated  at  Geneva  College 
in  1834;  is  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  York  in  1837.  He 
was  District  Attorney,  for  several 
years,  fur  Wyoming  County,  New 
York;  and  removed  to  Wisconsin 
in  1851;  was  chosen  Judge  of  the 
First  Judicial  Circuit  of  that  State 
in  1853,  but  resigned  in  1856.  He 
was  elected  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  in  1857,  for  six  years,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  In 
dian  A  flairs. 

DORSEY,  CLEMENT. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1825  to 
1831. 


DOTY,  JAMES  I). 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  was 
a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from  the 
Territory  of  Wisconsin,  from  1839 
to  1841,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  the  State  of  Wis 
consin,  from  1849  to  1853. 

DOURLEDAY,  ULYSSES  F. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1831  to  1833, 
and  again  from  1835  to  1837. 

DOUGLAS,  STEPHEN  A. 

Was  born  at  Brandon,  Rutland 
County,  Vermont,  April  23,  1813. 
He  lost  his  father  while  an  infant, 
and  his  mother  being  left  in  desti 
tute  circumstances,  he  entered  a 
cabinet  shop  at  Middlebury,  in  his 
native  State,  for  the  purpose  of 
learning  the  trade.  After  remain 
ing  there  for  several  months,  he  re 
turned  to  Brandon,  where  he  conti 
nued  for  a  year  at  the  same  calling, 
but  his  health  obliged  him  to  aban 
don  it,  and  he  became  a  student  in 
the  academy.  His  mother  having 
married  a  second  time,  he  followed 
her  to  Canandaigua,  in  the  State  of 
New  York.  Here  he  pursued  the 
study  of  the  law  until  his  removal 
to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1831.  From 
Cleveland  he  went  still  farther  west, 
and  finally  settled  in  Jacksonville, 
Illinois.  He  was  at  first  employed 
as  clerk  to  an  auctioneer,  and  after 
wards  kept  school,  devoting  all  the 
time  he  could  spare  to  the  study  of 
the  law.  In  1834  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  soon  obtained  a  lucrative 


158 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


practice,  and  was  elected  Attorney- 
General  of  the  State.  In  1837  he 
was  appointed,  by  President  Yan 
Buren,  Register  of  the  Land-office, 
at  Springfield,  Illinois.  He  after 
wards  practiced  his  profession,  and, 
in  1840,  was  elected  Secretary  of 
State,  and  the  following  year  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court.  This  of 
fice  he  resigned,  after  sitting  upon 
the  bench  for  two  years,  in  conse 
quence  of  ill  health.  In  1843  he 
was  elected  to  Congress,  and  con 
tinued  a  member  of  the  Lower 
House  for  four  years.  In  Decem 
ber,  1847,  he  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate,  of  which  he 
continues  a  member.  He  was,  (as 
he  had  been  for  several  sessions,) 
during  the  first  session  of  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Territories.  He  has 
also  recently  been  re-elected  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress. 

DOWDELL,  JAMES  F. 

Born  in  Jasper  County,  Georgia, 
November  26,  1818  ;  graduated  at 
Randolph  Macon  College  in  1840; 
and  is  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  he 
removed  to  Alabama  in  1846,  and 
took  charge  of  a  female  college  for 
one  year,  and  afterwards  engaged 
in  farming  and  planting.  He  was 
a  Representative  from  Alabama  in 
the  Thirty-third,  Thirty-fourth,  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  of  Ways 
and  Means,  and  also  that  of  Inquiry 
into  the  Cost  of  Public  Printing 
and  Laws  Relating  thereto. 


DOWNING,  CHARLES. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from 
the  Territory  of  Florida,  from  1837 
to  1841. 

DOWNS,  SOLOMON  U. 

He  was  Collector  of  the  port  of 
New  Orleans,  and  from  1847  to 
1853  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Louisiana.  He  died  in  Orchard 
Springs,  Kentucky,  August  14, 
1854. 

DOWSE,  EDWARD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1810  to  1821. 

DRAKE,  JOHN  11. 

He  was  one  of  the  earliest  set 
tlers  in  Tioga  County,  New  York ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State, from  1817  to  1819; 
was  elected  Judge  of  Tioga  County 
in  1833 ;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly  in  1834.  He 
was  in  ill  health  for  eight  years  be 
fore  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
Oswego,  March  21.  1857,  in  the 
seventy-fourth  year  of  his  age. 

DRAPER,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Yirginia,  from  1830  to 
1831,  and  again  from  1832  to  183?. 

DRAYTON,  WILLIAM. 

Was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1825  to  1833,  but  was  a  resident  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


159 


Philadelphia    for    many   years,   in 
which  city  he  died  May  24,  1846. 

DRUM  AUGUSTUS. 
He  was  born   in    Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

DRUMGOOLE,  GEORGE  C. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia ;  edu 
cated  a  lawyer ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1835  to  1841,  and  also 
from  1843  to  1847  ;  and  died  April 
28,  1847. 

DUDLEY,  CHARLES  E. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1828  to  1833, 
and  died  January  23,  1841. 

DUDLEY,  EDWARD  B. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1829  to  1831 ;  and  in 
1836  was  elected  the  first  Gover 
nor  of  North  Carolina  under  the 
amended  Constitution  of  that  State. 
He  was  subsequently  appointed 
President  of  the  Wilmington  and 
Raleigh  Railroad  Company,  and 
died  at  Wilmington,  North  Caro 
lina,  in  November,  1855. 

DUNBAR,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Louisiana,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

DUNCAN,  ALEXANDER. 

Was  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1837  to  1841,  and  from 


1843  to  1845.    He  died  in  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio,  March  2,  1852. 

DUNCAN,  DANIEL. 

Born  in  the  town  of  Shippens- 
burg,  Cumberland  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  July  22,  1806,  and  died 
in  Washington,  June  18,  1849. 
He  was  bred  a  merchant,  and  in 
1843  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  Ohio,  from  Licking  County.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1847  to  1849;  and  more  a 
man  of  action  than  of  words. 

DUNCAN,  GARNETT. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

DUNCAN,  JAMES  11. 

He  was  a  native  of  Massachu 
setts,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1853. 

DUNCAN,  JOSEPH. 

He  served  in  the  army  with  cre 
dit  during  the  late  war  with  Eng 
land;  held  various  offices  of  dis 
tinction  and  trust ;  was  at  one  time 
Governor  of  Illinois,  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1827  to  1835.  He  died 
at  Jacksonville,  Illinois,  January 
15,  1844. 

DUER,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  the  City  of  New  York, 
May  25,  1805.  He  graduated  at 
Columbia  College  in  1824;  studied 
law,  and,  in  1828,  removed  to  Os- 


160 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


wego,  soon  after  returning  to  New- 
York  ;  he  subsequently  removed  to 
New  Orleans,  and  again  returned  to 
Oswego ;  he  served  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  New  York,  on  two  occasions ; 
was  District  Attorney  for  Oswego 
County,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1847  to  1851. 

DUNHAM,  CYRUS  L. 

He  is  a  native  of  New  York 
State.  As  a  farmer's  boy  he  work 
ed  laboriously  during  the  summer 
months,  to  obtain  means  for  his 
education  during  the  winter ;  after 
acquiring  the  rudiments,  he  filled 
the  humblest  position  on  board  a 
fishing  craft  from  one  of  the  sea 
ports  of  Massachusetts,  to  New 
foundland,  and  after  completing  his 
studies,  he  removed  to  Salem,  Indi 
ana,  taught  school  and  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
Indiana,  in  1846  and  1847,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1849  to  1855. 

DUNLAP,  ROBERT  P. 

He  was  born  in  Maine ;  gradu 
ated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1815  ; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1818  ;  in  1821  and  1822  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature ; 
in  1823  he  was  elected  a  State  Se 
nator,  and  presided  over  that  body 
for  several  years ;  in  1833  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Executive  Council 
of  Maine ;  in  1834  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  Maine,  and  served  four 
years ;  and  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1843  to 


1847.  He  is  at  the  present  time 
President  of  the  Board  of  Over 
seers  of  Bowdoin  College. 

DUNLAP,  WILLIAM  C. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1831. 

DUNN,  GEORGE  G. 

He  was  born  in  1813,  and  died 
in  Lawrence  County,  Indiana,  in 
September,  1857  He  had  held 
many  high  official  trusts,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1847  to  1849.  He  was  a  lawyer, 
and  noted  for  his  abilities  as  an 
orator. 

DUNN,  GEORGE  II. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana,  from  1837  to 
1839. 

DURELL,  DANIEL  M. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1794 ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  Hampshire, 
from  1807  to  1809.  He  died  in 
1841,  aged  seventy-one  years. 

DURFEE,  JOB. 

He  was  born  at  Tiverton,  Rhode 
Island,  in  1790;  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1813  ;  adopt 
ed  the  profession  of  the  law ;  and 
though  for  a  long  time  was  Chief 
Justice  of  Rhode  Island,  he  devoted 
much  attention  to  poetry  and  Belles- 
lettres  generally.  He  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress,  from  Rhode 
Island,  from  1821  to  1825.  He  died 
in  1847. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


DURFEE,  NATHANIEL  H. 

He  was  born  in  Tiverton,  Rhode 
Island,  September  29,  1812;  re 
ceived  a  good  classical  education  at 
Newport;  from  1838  to  1850  de 
voted  himself  to  the  pursuits  of 
agriculture;  he  represented  the 
town  of  Warwick,  some  seven  or 
eight  years,  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  the  town  of  Tiverton,  four 
years;  and,  having  been  elected  a 
member  of  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress,  served  his  term,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Manu 
factures. 

DURKEE,  CHARLES. 
Born  in  Royalton,  Vermont,  De 
cember  5,  1807;  was  a  merchant; 
removed  to  Wisconsin,  and  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  that 
State,  in  1837  and  1838  ;  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  in  1848  and 
1850;  and  a  United  States  Senator 
for  six  years,  commencing  March, 
1855,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Revolutionary  and  Pri 
vate  Land  Claims. 

DUVAL,  WILLIAM  P. 
Born  in  Virginia  in  1784,  but  in 
early  life  went  to  Kentucky,  where 
he  studied  and  practiced  law;  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1813  to  1815;  and  in  1822 
was  appointed  Governor  of  Flo 
rida,  by  President  Monroe,  and  re- 
appointed  by  Adams  and  Jackson. 
In  1848  he  removed  to  Texas,  and 
was  Governor  of  that  State.  He 
died  in  AVashington,  District  of 
Columbia,  March  19,  1854. 

11 


DUVALL,  GABRIEL. 

lie  was  born  in  1751,  of  a  Hu 
guenot  family ;  served  as  a  clerk 
to  the  first  Legislature  of  Mary 
land,  before  the  Declaration  of  In 
dependence  ;  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  17JU  to  179G;  Comptroller 
of  the  United  States  Treasury  in 
1802;  and  in  1811  was  appointed 
a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  State,  which  office  he  held  for 
twenty  years.  He  died  in  Prince 
George  County,  Maryland,  March 
G,  1844. 

DWIGIIT,  HENRY  W. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
18-21  to  1831,  and  died  in  New 
York,  February  21,  1845. 

DWIGIIT,  THEODORE. 

Born  in  Northampton,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1765.  Soon  after  the 
Revolution  he  studied  law,  and  at 
tained  a  high  position  as  a  lawyer; 
for  a  great  number  of  years  he  was 
a  State  Senator  in  Connecticut ; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  during  the  years  180G 
and  1807.  He  was  a  ready  and 
brilliant  writer ;  conducted  for  a 
time  the  Hartford  Mirror;  was 
Secretary  of  the  Hartford  Conven 
tion,  of  which  he  wrote  the  authen 
tic  history  ;  in  1815,  at  the  sugges 
tion  of  leading  men,  he  established 
the  Albany  Daily  Advertiser;  and 
in  1817  founded  the  New  York 
Daily  Advertiser,  which  he  con 
ducted  with  signal  ability  until 


162 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1836,  when  he  removed  to  Hart 
ford,  Connecticut,  and  retired  from 
active  life.  About  three  years  be 
fore  his  death,  he  went  to  New 
York  to  reside  with  his  son,  and 
died  in  that  city,  June  11,  1846. 

DWIGHT,  THOMAS. 

He  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1778  ;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts,  from  1803  to  1805;  and  died 
in  1819. 

DWINELL,  JUSTIN. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1805;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1821  and  1822; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1823 
to  1825. 

EAGER,  S.  W. 

He  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1809  ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1829  to  1831. 

EARLE,  ELIAS. 

He  was  born  in  Frederick  County, 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  South  Carolina, 
from  1805  to  1807,  from  1811  to 
1815,  and  again  from  1817  to  1821. 

EARLE,  JOHN  B. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1803  to  1805. 

EARLE,  SAMUEL. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South   Carolina,  from 
1795  to  1797. 


EARLL,  JONAS. 

Born  in  1786,  was  at  one  time  a 
Senator  in  the  New  York  Legisla 
ture,  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1827  to  1831,  and 
a  Canal  Commissioner  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  at  Syra 
cuse,  New  York,  in  October,  1846. 

EARLL,  NEHEMIAH  H. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1841. 

EARLY,  TETER. 

Born  in  Madison  County,  Vir 
ginia,  June  20, 1773,  and  emigrated 
to  Georgia  with  his  father  in  1795. 
He  graduated  at  Nassau  Hall, 
Princeton,  and  studied  law  in  Phi 
ladelphia.  He  served  in  the  United 
States  House  of  Representatives, 
from  Georgia,  from  1802  to  1807  ; 
and  was  one  of  the  most  conspi 
cuous  among  its  members  who  sup 
ported  the  Administration.  On 
his  return  to  Georgia,  he  was  made 
a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  State,  and  in  1813  was  elected 
Governor  of  his  adopted  State.  He 
was  subsequently  a  State  Senator, 
but  for  several  years  before  his 
death  lived  in  retirement.  He  died 
August  15,  1817. 

EASTMAN,  BENJAMIN  C. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Wisconsin,  from  1851  to  1855, 
and  died  February  5,  1856,  at 
Platteville,  in  that  State. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1G3 


EASTMAN,  IRA  A. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire ; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1829  ;  served  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  ;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court ;  and  was  elected*  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1839  to  1843. 

EASTMAN,  NEIIEMIAH. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1825  to  1827. 

EASTON,  RUFUS. 

lie  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
from  Missouri  Territory,  from  1814 
to  1816. 

EATON,  JOHN  IT. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1818  to  1829 ; 
was  Secretary  of  War  under  Presi 
dent  Jackson,  (as  well  as  a  warm 
personal  friend,)  from  1829  to  1831 ; 
from  1834  to  1830  was  Governor  of 
the  Territory  of  Florida  ;  and  from  I 
1836  to  1840,  Minister  Plenipoten 
tiary  to  Spain.     He  died  in  Wash-  ! 
ington,  District  of  Columbia,  No-  j 
vember   17,    1856,    aged    sixty-six 
years. 

EATON,  LEWIS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1823 
to  1825. 

ECKERT,  GEORGE  N. 

He  was   born   in    Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con-  ! 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1847 
to  1849. 


EDDY,  NORMAN. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
having  removed  to  Indiana,  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

EDDY,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  Johnson,  Rhode  Island, 
March  31,  1769;  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1787  ;  studied 
law,  but  did  not  long  engage  in 
practice.  In  1798  he  was  chosen 
Secretary  of  State,  and  held  the 
office  for  twenty-one  years,  when  he 
resigned,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  his 
native  State,  from  1819  to  1825. 
He  was  subsequently  Chief  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Rhode 
Island,  for  eight  years.  He  de 
voted  some  attention  to  literary 
pursuits,  and  published  a  work  on 
"Antiquities,"  and  was  honored,  in 
1801,  with  the  degree  of  LL.D. 
He  died  in  Providence,  February 
3, 


EDGERTON,  ALFRED  P. 
He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
removing   to  Ohio,  was   elected  a 
Representative    in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1851  to  1855. 

EDIE,  JOHN  R. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth 
Congresses,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Patents. 

EDMOND,  WILLIAM. 

Born  at  South  Britain,  Connecti 
cut,  September  28,  1755,  and  gra- 


164 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


duated  at  Yale  College  in  1773. 
He  was  a  volunteer  soldier  at  the 
burning  of  Danbury,  and  received 
a  wound  in  the  leg,  which  made 
him  lame  for  life.  He  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession ;  was  chosen  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature,  member  of 
the  Council,  and  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State ;  and 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  1798 
to  1801.  He  died  in  Newton,  Con 
necticut,  August  1,  1838. 

EDMONDS,  J.  WILEY. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

EDMUNDSON,  HENRY  A. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
having  been  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  in 
1849,  has  been  re-elected  to  each 
successive  Congress,  serving  at  the 
present  time  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 

EDSALL,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and  on 
removing  to  New  Jersey,  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

EDWARD,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1839. 

EDWARDS,  BENJAMIN. 

Born  in  Stafford  County,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1752,  and  died  in  Todd 


County,  Kentucky,  November  13, 
1826.  He  had  not  the  advantage 
of  a  classical  education,  and  his  pur 
suits  were  those  of  agriculture  and 
merchandise.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Maryland  Legislature;  also 
of  the  State  Convention  which  rati 
fied  the  Federal  Constitution  ;  and 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1793  to  1795.  He  spent 
the  later  years  of  his  life  in  Ken 
tucky,  but  held  no  public  positions 
in  that  State. 

EDWARDS,  FRANCIS  S. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
removing  to  New  York,  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  that  State, 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

EDWARDS,  HENRY  W. 

He  was  born  at  New  Haven,  Con 
necticut,  in  1779;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1797  ;  studied 
his  profession  at  the  Litchfield  Law 
School,  and  settled  in  New  Haven. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1819  to  1823;  United 
States  Senator  from  1823  to  1827; 
member  of  the  State  Senate  in  1828 
and  1829  ;  Speaker  of  the  Connec 
ticut  House  of  Representatives  in 
1830;  Governor  in  1833,  and  from 
1835  to  1838  ;  and  upon  his  recom 
mendation  a  geological  survey  of 
the  State  was  taken.  He  died  in 
New  Haven,  July  22,  1847. 

EDWARDS,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Kentucky,  from  1792  to  1795. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


165 


EDWARDS,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  "Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1839 
to  1843,  and  died  in  Chester,  Penn 
sylvania,  June  25,  1843. 

EDWARDS,  JOHN  C. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Missouri,  from  1841  to 
1843. 

EDWARDS,  NINIAN. 

Born  in  Montgomery,  County, 
Maryland.  March,  1775.  He  was  in 
early  life  the  intimate  friend  of  Wil 
liam  Wirt,  and  graduated  at  Dicken- 
son  College ;  he  studied  both  medi 
cine  and  law,  but  devoted  himself  to 
the  practice  of  the  law  with  eminent 
success;  removing  to  Kentucky,  he 
was  twice  elected  to  the  Legislature ; 
was  appointed  a  Circuit  Clerk  ;  and 
subsequently  Judge  of  the  General 
Court  of  Kentucky,  of  the  Circuit 
Court,  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  and 
finally  Chief  Justice  of  the  State,  and 
all  before  reaching  the  thirty-second 
year  of  his  age.  In  1809  President 
Madison  appointed  him  Governor 
of  the  Territory  of  Illinois,  to  which 
office  he  was  three  times  re-appoint 
ed.  Before  Congress  had  adopted 
any  measures  on  the  subject  of  vo 
lunteer  rangers,  he  organized  com 
panies,  supplied  them  with  arms, 
built  stockade  forts,  and  established 
a  line  of  posts  from  the  mouth  of 
the  Missouri  to  the  Wabash  Kiver; 
he  was  thus  prepared  for  defence, 

and  during  the  Indian  wars  on  the 

e 

frontiers,  was  most  devoted  to  his 
country's  service.  In  1816  he  was 
appointed  a  Commissioner  to  treat  ; 


with  the  Indian  tribes.  When  Illi 
nois  became  a  State,  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  serving  from 
1818  to  1824,  when  he  was  appoint 
ed  Minister  to  Mexico,  but  declined 
the  office.  In  1S2G  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  the  State  of  Illinois, 
which  office  he  filled  until  1831. 
He  died  of  cholera,  July  20,  1833. 

EDWARDS,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Delaware  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  1827. 

EDWARDS,  THOMAS   0. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
having  taken  up  his  residence  in 
Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1847  to  1849. 

EDWARDS,  WELDON  N. 

Born  in  Northampton  County, 
Xorth  Carolina,  in  1788;  educated 
at  Warrenton  Academy ;  read  law, 
and  came  to  the  bar  in  1810 ;  was 
in  the  Legislature  for  two  years ; 
and  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  1816  to  1827.  He  again  went 
into  the  Legislature,  serving  there 
from  1833  to  1844;  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1850,  when  he  was  made 
President  of  the  State  Senate. 

EFFNER,  VALENTINE. 

He  was  born  in  Xew  York ;  a 
member  of  the  Assembly  of  that 
State  in  1829,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1835  to 
1837. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


EGBERT,  JOSEPH. 
He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 

EGE,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  during  the 
years  1796  and  17  97. 

EGGLESTON,  JOSEPH. 

Born  in  Amelia  County,  Vir 
ginia,  November  24,  1754,  and  died 
February  15,  1811.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  the  College  of  William 
and  Mary ;  served  in  the  revolu 
tionary  war,  as  a  captain  and  major 
of  cavalry,  under  Colonel  Henry 
Lee ;  was  in  several  of  the  battles 
fought  by  Gates  and  Greene;  he 
served  in  the  Virginia  Assembly 
for  several  years;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1798 
to  1801.  From  the  time  of  his 
leaving  Congress  until  his  death,  he 
was  a  justice  of  the  peace. 

ELIOT,  SAMUEL  A. 

Born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts, 
March  5,  1798;  educated  at  Har 
vard  College,  and  engaged  in  com 
mercial  and  manufacturing  business. 
He  was  Mayor  of  Boston,  from 
1837  to  1839;  Representative  and 
Senator  in  the  Legislature  for  three 
or  four  years  ;  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1850  to  1851. 
He  was  also  Treasurer  of  Harvard 
College  eleven  years. 

•    ELLERY,  CriRISTOPHER. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1787;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 


from  Rhode  Island,  from  1801  to 
1805;  and  was  appointed,  in  the 
latter  year,  United  States  Commis- 
sinner  of  Loans.  He  was  appointed 
Collector  of  Newport  in  1828;  and 
died  in  1840. 

ELLICOTT,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1817  to 
1819. 

ELLIOT,   JOHN. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1794;  resided  in  Sunbury,  Liberty 
County,  Georgia,  and  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1819  to  1825,  serving  on  several 
important  committees.  He  died  in 
1827. 

ELLIOT,  THOMAS  D. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1854 
to  1855. 

ELLIOTT,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1803  to 
1809,  and  died  at  Newfane,  Ver 
mont,  November  10,  1839. 

ELLIOTT,  JOHN  M. 

Born  in  Scott  County,  Virginia, 
May  16,  1820.  He  was  educated 
in  the  county  schools  of  Kentucky  ; 
studied  law,  and  commenced  the 
practice  in  1843;  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  in  1847  ;  and 
in  1853  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  which  position  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


107 


still  occnpies,  serving  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Public  Ex 
penditures. 

ELLIS,  CALEB. 

Born  at  Wai  polo,  Massachusetts, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  College 
in  1793  ;  when  admitted  to  the  bar 
he  settled  at  Claremont,  New  Hamp 
shire.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1805  to  1809  ;  was  a 
member  of  the  Council,  and  in  1811 
elected  to  the  State  Senate.  In  1812 
he  was  one  of  the  Electors  of  Pre 
sident  and  Vice-President ;  and  in 
1813  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  Hampshire,  and  con 
tinued  in  that  otfice  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  May  9,  181G,  aged 
forty-nine  years. 

ELLIS,  CHESELDEN. 
He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

ELLIS,  rOWHATTAN. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Mississippi,  from  1825 
to  1826,  and  again  from   1827  to  ' 
1833;  and  was  appointed  United  ! 
States   Judge  for  the    Mississippi 
District. 

ELLIS,  WILLIAM  C. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1823 
to  1825. 

ELLISON,  ANDREW. 
He  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  hav 
ing  emigrated  to  Ohio,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1853  to  1855. 


ELLSWORTH,  OLIVER. 

Born  at  Windsor,  Connecticut, 
April  29,  1745,  and  graduated  at 
Princeton  College,  New  Jersey,  in 
1700.  He  studied  law,  and  soon 
became  eminent  in  the  practice.  In 
1777  he  was  chosen  a  Delegate  in 
Congress,  from  Connecticut.  In 
1780  he  was  elected  to  the  Council 
of  Connecticut,  and  was  a  member 
of  that  body  till  1784,  when  he  was 
appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  that  State.  In  1787  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  which  framed  the  Federal 
Constitution.  In  an  assembly  illus 
trious  for  talents,  erudition,  and 
patriotism,  he  held  a  distinguished 
place.  His  exertions  essentially 
aided  in  the  production  of  an  instru 
ment  which  has  been  the  main  pil 
lar  of  American  prosperity  and  glo 
ry.  He  was  afterwards  a  member 
of  the  State  Convention  of  Connec 
ticut,  and  contributed  his  efforts 
toward  procuring  the  ratification  of 
the  Constitution  by  that  State. 
When  the  Federal  Government  was 
organized,  in  1789,  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Senate,  from  Connecticut. 
In  1790  he  w^s  appointed,  by  Wash 
ington, Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  but  re 
signed  the  office,  on  account  of  ill 
health,  in  1800.  In  1799  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Adams, 
Envoy  Extraordinary  to  France, 
for  the  purpose  of  settling  a  treaty 
with  that  nation.  He  received  the 
degree_of  LL.D.,  in  1790,  from  Yale 
College,  and  in  1797  from  Dart 
mouth.  He  died  November  20, 1807. 


168 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ELLSWORTH,  SAMUEL  S. 
He  was  born  in  Vermont ;  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assembly 
in  1840,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1845  to  1847. 

ELLSWORTH,  WILLIAM  W. 
He  was  born  in  Windsor,  Hart 
ford  County,  Connecticut,  Novem 
ber  10,  1791;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1810;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law,  and  was  Professor  of 
Law  in  Trinity  College  ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Connecticut,  from  1829  to  1833. 
In  1838  he  was  elected  Governor  of 
Connecticut,  and  re-elected  four 
years  ;  and  for  many  years  past  has 
been  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Connecticut. 

ELMENDORF,  LUCAS. 
He  graduated  at  Princeton  in 
1782,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1797  to  1803  ;  a  member  of  the  As 
sembly  of  that  State  in  1804  and 
1805 ;  and  a  State  Senator  from 
1814  to  1817. 

ELMER,  EBENEZEll. 
He  was  born  in  Cedarville,  New 
Jersey,  in  1752 ;  was  educated  a 
physician  ;  was  a  field-officer  in  the 
revolutionary  war ;  also  a  surgeon  in 
the  army ;  was  President  of  the  So 
ciety  of  the  Cincinnati  for  New  Jer 
sey  ;  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1801  to  1807; 
served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
State  Assembly,  and  was  chosen 
Speaker ;  he  was  also  for  a  long 


time  adjutant-general  of  the  New 
Jersey  militia ;  during  the  war  of 
1813,  he  commanded  the  troops  on 
the  Delaware;  in  1807  and  1815 
he  was  a  member  and  Vice-Presi- 
dent  of  the  State  Council ;  in  1 808  he 
was  appointed  Collector  of  Bridge- 
ton,  and  held  the  office  for  many 
years ;  and  he  died  at  Bridgeton, 
New  Jersey,  October  18, 1843.  He 
was  one  who  always  seemed  to 
think  more  of  his  duty  as  a  public 
officer  than  of  his  private  interests. 

ELMER,  JONATHAN. 
He    was    born    in    Cumberland 
County,  New  Jersey,  in  1745  ;  was 
a  prominent   physician,  and   prac 
ticed  in  his  native  county,  having 
I  graduated  with  honors  at  the  Uni- 
',  versity  of  Pennsylvania  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Continental  Congress; 
and  a  Senator  in  Congress  under  the 
Federal  Constitution,  from  1789  to 
1791.     During  the  Revolution,  he 
was  a  sheriff,   a  surrogate,  and  a 
judge  ;  was  a  man  of  learning,  and 
member  of  the  Philosophical  Soci 
ety  of  America.     He  died  in  1817. 

ELMER,  LUCIUS  Q.  C. 

Born  in  Bridgeton,  New  Jersey, 

in  1793;   graduated  at  Princeton 

College ;  was   educated   a   lawyer, 

which  profession  he  practiced  in  his 

I  native  town.     For  many  years  he 
was  Prosecutor  for  the  State ;  was 

I  in  the  Assembly  from  1820  to  1823, 
the  last  year  being  Speaker  of  that 

j  body;  and  in  1824  he  was  appointed 

i  Attorney  of  the  United  States  for 
New  Jersey,  which  office  he  filled 

i  until  1829.     He  was  a  Representa- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


109 


tive  in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey,  I 
from  1843  to  1845;  in  1850  was  ' 
appointed  Attorney-General  of  the 
State  ;  and  in  1S52  one  of  the  Jus 
tices  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  his 
State,  which  office  he  continues  to  | 
hold. 

ELMOllE,   FRANKLIN    HARPER. 

Born  in  Laurens  District,  South 
Carolina,  in  1799;  entered  South  ; 
Carolina  College  in  November, 
1817,  and  graduated  in  1819;  he 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1821,  In 
1822  he  was  elected  Solicitor  of  the 
Southern  Circuit,  and  was  continued 
in  this  office  by  re-elections,  until 
1837,  when  he  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  Representatives  in  Con 
gress,  and  served  till  1839  ;  he  was 
that  year  elected  President  of  the 
Bank  of  the  State  of  South  Caro 
lina,  which  office  he  held  till  his 
nomination  to  the  Senate  in  1850, 
to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  j 
death  of  the  Hon.  John  C.  Calhoun. 
His  voice  was  heard  but  once  in  the 
Senate,  and  then  in  answering  to 
his  name  when  called  by  the  Secre 
tary.  He  died  in  Washington,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  May  29,  1850. 

ELY,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and  ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1839  to  1841, 
having  previously  served  two  years 
in  the  Assembly  of  that  State. 

ELY,  WILLIAM. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  • 
1787  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 


gress,    from    Massachusetts,    from 
1805  to  1815,  and  died  1817. 

EMBREE,  ELISIIA. 

Born  in  Lincoln  County,  Ken 
tucky,  September  28,  1801,  and  re 
moved  with  his  father,  in  1811,  to 
the  Southwestern  portion  of  In 
diana  Territory,  where  he  has  con 
tinued  to  reside.  He  received  a 
common  school  education,  after 
which  he  studied  and  practiced  law. 
In  1813  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  of  Indiana;  in  1835  was 
chosen,  by  the  Legislature,  Circuit 
Judge,  which  office  he  held  for  ten 
years.  In  1847  he  was  elected  Re 
presentative  in  the  Thirtieth  Con 
gress,  and  since  the  expiration  of 
that  term  has  been  engaged  in  agri 
cultural  pursuits. 

EMOTT,  JAMES. 

Born  in  Albany,  New  York,  in 
1770;  he  did  not  receive  a  colle 
giate  education,  but  in  1800  Union 
College  conferred  on  him  the  de 
gree  of  A.M.  He  was  a  distin 
guished  member  of  the  bar,  and 
under  the  old  Constitution  of  New 
York  he,  for  several  years,  filled  the 
office  of  first  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  for  his  county,  and 
in  that  capacity  gave  that  court  a 
rank  among  the  best  of  the  State. 
Under  the  Constitution  of  1821  he 
was  appointed  Judge  for  the  Second 
District,  which  station  he  filled  until 
he  reached  the  age  of  sixty  years, 
which  required  him  to  retire.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  his  native  State,  from  1809  to 


170 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1813,  and  died  in   Poughkeepsie, 
April  7,  1850. 

EMRIE,  J.  REECE. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  elected 
a  Representative,  from  that  State, 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

ENGLISH,  WILLIAM  H. 

Born  in  Scott  County,  Indiana, 
August  27,  1822.  He  received  a 
good  common  school  education,  and 
spent  three  years  at  the  University 
of  South  Hanover ;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  1845, 
but  when  at  home  is  chiefly  devoted 
to  agricultural  pursuits;  in  1843  he 
was  elected  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  Indiana ;  during 
President  Polk's  administration  he 
was  a  clerk  in  the  Treasury  Depart 
ment;  he  was  the  Clerk  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  in  1850  ; 
in  1851  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature,  and  officiated  as 
Speaker;  in  1852  he  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  re- 
elected  in  1854,  and  made  a  Regent 
of  the  Smithsonian  Institution ; 
again  elected  in  1856,  and  during 
the  first  session  of  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress  took  part  in  the  Kansas 
Compromise  measure,  and  officiated 
at  the  same  time  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Post-offices  and  Post- 
roads.  He  has  been  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

EPPES,  JOHN  W. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1803  to 
1811,  and  again  from  1813  to  1815. 


EPPES,  JOHN  W. 

Was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Virginia,  from  1817  to  1819,  when 
he  resigned  from  ill  health  ;  he  died 
near  Richmond,  Virginia,  Septem 
ber,  1823,  aged  fifty  years. 

ERDMAN,  JACOB. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

ERWIN,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1817  to  1821,  and  died  at  Darling 
ton  Court-House,  South  Carolina, 
in  October,  1838. 

ESTILL,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1825  to 

1827. 

ETHERIDGE,  EMERSON. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1857. 

EUSTIS,  GEORGE,  JR. 

He  was  born  in  Louisiana,  and 
was  educated  at  Harvard  Univer 
sity  ;  practiced  law  in  New  Orleans, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty- 
fifth  Congresses,  serving  at  the  pre 
sent  time  on  the  Committee  of 
Commerce. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


171 


EUSTIS,  WILLIAM. 
Was  born  in  Cambridge,  Massa 
chusetts,  June  10, 1753.  After  gra 
duating  at  Harvard  College  in  1772, 
lie  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Joseph 
Warren.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
war  he  was  appointed  surgeon  of  a  re 
giment,  and  afterwards  hospital  sur 
geon.  In  1777,  and  during  most 
of  the  war,  he  occupied,  as  a  hos 
pital,  the  spacious  house  of  Colonel 
Robinson,  a  royalist,  opposite  to 
West  Point ;  Arnold  had  his  head 
quarters  in  the  same  house.  At  the 
termination  of  the  war,  he  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion  in  Boston.  In  1800  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  serving  until  1805.  In  1809 
he  was  appointed  Secretary  of  War, 
by  President  Madison,  and  continu 
ed  in  office  until,  in  the  late  war,  the 
army  of  Hull  was  surrendered,  when 
he  resigned.  In  1815  he  was  sent 
as  Ambassador  to  Holland.  After  J 
his  return,  he  was  a  Representative  i 
in  Congress,  from  1820  to  1823.  i 
He  was  chosen  Governor  of  Mas-  j 
sachusetts  in  1823,  and  died  in  Bos 
ton,  after  a  short  illness,  February  | 
6,  1825. 

EVANS,  ALEXANDER. 
He   was   born  at   Elkton,  Cecil 
County,    Maryland,    his    ancestors  ' 
having  settled  in  that  county  more  I 
than    a   hundred  years   ago.     His 
education  was  received  at  a  village 
school,   until  fifteen  years   of  age, 
and  his  first  avocation  was  that  of 
a  civil  engineer.     In  1842  he  com 
menced  the  study  of  law  in  his  na 
tive  town,  and  was  admitted  to  the 


bar  in  1845.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1847  to  1853,  since  which 
time  he  has  practiced  his  profession 
at  Elkton.  In  1842  he  was  elected 
corresponding  member  of  the  Na 
tional  Institute  at  Washington,  and 
in  1849  received  the  degree  of  A.M. 
from  Delaware  College.  In  1851 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Ad 
vancement  of  Science,  and  also  a 
member  of  the  Historical  Society 
of  Baltimore. 

EVANS,  DAVID  II. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from   South   Carolina,  from 
1813  to  1815. 

EVANS,  GEORGE. 
Born  in  Hallo  well,  Maine,  Janu 
ary  12,  1797;  graduated  at  Bow- 
doin  College,  September  3,  1815; 
is  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives  of  Maine  in  1829;  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1829  to 
1841,  and  United  States  Senator, 
from  1841  to  1847.  Froml849to 
1850  he  was  a  Commissioner  of  the 
Board  of  Claims  against  Mexico ; 
and  Attorney-General  of  Maine  in 
1853,  1854,  and  1856. 

EVANS,  JOSHUA. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1829 
to  1833. 

EVANS,  .TOSIA1I  J. 
He  was  born  in  the  District  of 
Marlborough,  South  Carolina,  No 
vember  27,  1786 ;  he  was  for  a  time 


172 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


a  merchant's  clerk,  bat  graduated 
at  South  Carolina  College  in  1808; 
taught  school  for  one  year ;  studied 
law  and  rose  to  a  high  legal  posi 
tion  ;  at  an  early  age.  in!812, 1813, 
and  1S16.  he  was  sent  to  the  Legis 
lature  ;  by  that  body  made  Solicitor 
for  the  State  from  his  District, 
which  position  he  held  for  thirteen 
years:  in  1S30  he  was  chosen  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  which 
office  he  held  until  1852,  when  he 
was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate.  He  died  May  6,  1858,  of 
disease  of  the  heart,  having,  only 
an  hour  before  his  death,  been  par 
taking  of  the  hospitalities  at  din 
ner  of  his  friend  and  colleague. 
Senator  Hammond.  He  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committees  on  Revo 
lutionary  Claims  and  on  Contingent 
Expenses  of  the  Senate,  and  also  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Pa 
tents  and  on  Xaval  Affairs 

EVANS,  LEMUEL  D. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
that  State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress. 

EVANS,  NATHAN. 

Born  in  Belmont  County,  Ohio, 
June  24,  1804;  received  a  common 
school  education,  and  studied  law. 
being  admitted  to  practice  in  1831. 
He  was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for 
Guernsey  County  for  four  years, 
and  wa?  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1847  to  1849,  and  now 
follows  his  profession  in  Cambridge, 
Ohio. 


EVANS,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1797  to 
1801. 

EVERETT,  EDWARD. 

Born  in  Dorchester,  Massachu 
setts.  April.  1794.  He  received  his 
early  educatian  at  Boston,  and  en 
tered  Harvard  College  when  little 
more  than  thirteen  years  old.  leav 
ing  it  with  first  honors  four  years 
later,  undecided  as  to  a  pursuit  for 
life.  He  turned  his  attention  for 
two  years  to  the  profession  of  di 
vinity;  but,  in  1814,  he  was  invited 
to  accept  the  new  professorship  of 
Greek  literature  at  Cambridge,  Mas 
sachusetts,  with  permission  to  visit 
Europe.  He  accepted  the  office, 
and,  before  entering  on  its  duties, 
embarked  at  Boston  for  Liverpool. 
He  passed  more  than  two  years  at 
the  famous  University  of  Gottingen, 
engaged  in  the  study  of  the  Ger 
man  language  and  the  branches  of 
learning  connected  with  his  depart 
ment.  He  passed  the  winter  of 
181 7-1 8  at  Paris.  The  next  spring 
he  again  visited  London,  and  passed 
a  few  weeks  at  Cambridge  and 
Oxford.  In  the  autumn  of  1818 
he  returned  to  the  continent,  and 
divided  the  winter  between  Flo 
rence,  Rome,  and  Xaples.  In  the 
spring  of  1819  he  made  a  short 
tour  in  Greece.  He  came  home 
in  1819,  and  entered  at  once  upon 
the  duties  of  his  professorship. 
Soon  after  his  return,  he  became  the 
editor  of  the  North  American  Re 
view,  a  journal  which,  though  sup- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


173 


ported  by  writers  of  great  ability, 
had  acquired  only  a  limited  circula 
tion.     Under  its  new  editor  the  de 
mand  increased   so  rapidly  that  a 
second  and  sometimes  a  third  edi 
tion  of  its  numbers  was  required. 
In  1824  he  delivered  the  annual  ora 
tion  before  the  Phi-Beta-Kappa  So 
ciety,  at  Cambridge,  Massachusetts. 
This  was  the  first  of  a  series  of  ora 
tions  and  addresses  delivered  by  him 
on  public  occasions  of  almost  every 
kind  during  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
and  afterwards  collected  in  two  vo 
lumes.    Up  to  1824  he  had  taken  no 
active  interest  in  politics,  but  the  con 
stituency  of  Middlesex,  Massachu 
setts,  without  any  solicitation  on  his 
part,    returned    him   to    Congress. 
For  ten  years  he  sat  in  Congress, 
and  was   a  working   member.     In 
1835  he  retired  from  Congress,  and 
was  for  four  successive  years  chosen 
Governor    of    Massachusetts.      In 
1841   he  was  appointed  to  repre 
sent  the  United  States  at  the  Court 
of  St.  James.     Although  the   Se 
cretaryship  of  State  at  Washington 
was  held  by  four  different  statesmen, 
of  various  politics,  during  his  mis 
sion,  he  enjoyed  the  confidence  and 
approbation  of  all.     His   scholar 
ship  was  recognized  by  the  bestowal 
of  the  degree  of  D.C.L.  by  the  Uni 
versities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge. 
He  returned  to  America  in  1845, 
and  was  chosen  President  of  Har 
vard  College,  which  office  he  re 
signed  in  1849.     On  the  death  of 
Mr.   Webster,   he   was    appointed 
Secretary   of    State   by   President 
Fillmore,  which  office  he  resigned 
for  a  seat  in  the  Senate.     This  po 


sition  he  also  resigned,  since  which 
time,  although  leading  the  quiet  life 
of  a  scholar,  he  has  greatly  added 
to  his  reputation  by  delivering 
orations  on  the  Life  of  Washing 
ton,  and  on  other  topics,  all  being 
for  charitable  purposes.  lie  was 
the  intimate  friend  of  Daniel  Web 
ster,  and  wrote  the  best  life  extant 
of  that  distinguished  man,  whose 
collected  writings  he  edited. 

EVERETT,  HORACE. 

A  native  of  Vermont ;  was  born 
in  1780;  he  was  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession;  settled  in  Windsor,  and 
distinguished  himself  as  one  of  the 
most  successful  jury  advocates  in 
Vermont.  He  served  in  the  State 
Legislature  in  1819,  1820,  1822, 
1823,  1824,  and  1834 ;  was  States 
Attorney  for  Windsor  County,  from 
1813  to  1817  ;  and  was  a  prominent 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1828.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1829  to  1843. 

EVERIIART,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

EWING,  ANDREW. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 

EWING,  EDWIN  H. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1845  to  1847. 


174 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


EWING,  JOHN. 

He  was  bom  at  sea,  while  his  pa 
rents  were  on  their  way  from  Ire 
land  to  Baltimore.  He  was  bred  to 
mercantile  pursuits,  but  acquired  a 
taste  for  literature.  lie  served  in 
both  branches  of  the  Legislature  of 
Indiana,  and  was  a  Representative 
of  that  State,  in  Congress,  from 
1833  to  1835,  and  again  from 
1837  to  1839.  He  died  suddenly 
and  alone,  at  Yincennes,  in  the 
winter  of  1857,  leaving  on  his  table 
these  lines  : — 

"Hero  lies  a  man  who  loved  his  friends, 
His  God,  his  country,  and  Vinccimes." 

EWING,  JOHN  II. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1845  to  1847. 

EWING,  PRESLEY. 

Born  in  Kentucky,  and  was  a 
Representative  to  the  Thirty-third 
Congress ;  he  died  at  the  Mam 
moth  Cave,  September  27,  1854 
He  was  considered  one  of  the  most 
promising  young  men  of  the  State. 

EWING,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  near  West  Liberty, 
Ohio  County,  Virginia,  December 
28,  1789;  he  received  his  early 
education  chiefly  from  an  elder  sis 
ter,  and,  with  his  father's  family, 
settled  in  the  wilds  of  Ohio,  about 
1792,  where  he  enjoyed  the  advan 
tage  of  a  winter  school  and  an  aca 
demy;  his  life,  during  his  youth 
and  early  manhood,  was  one  of  con 
tinuous  toil;  in  1814  he  was  a 


school  teacher;  in  1815  he  received 
the  degree  of  A.B.  from  the  Athens 
Academy,  the  first  ever  granted  in 
Ohio ;  arid  he  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1816,  prac 
ticing  with  success  in  the  courts  of 
Ohio  and  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States.  In  1830  he  was 
elected  to  a  seat  in  the  United 
States  Senate,  from  Ohio,  where  he 
remained  until  1837 ;  he  was  a 
member  of  President  Harrison's 
cabinet,  as  Secretary  of  the  Trea 
sury,  in  1841;  on  the  accession  of 
President  Taylor  to  the  Presidency, 
in  1849,  he  was  invited  into  the 
cabinet,  and  took  charge  of  the  new 
Department  of  the  Interior ;  and, 
in  1850,  he  was  appointed  to  a  seat 
in  the  United  States  Senate,  where 
he  remained  until  1851,  when  he 
retired  from  political  life  and  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  Ohio. 

EWING,  WILLIAM  L.  D. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Illinois,  from  1836  to 
1837. 

FAIRFIELD,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Saco,  Maine,  January 
30,  1797.  He  received  a  common 
school  education,  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1826. 
In  1832  he  was  appointed  reporter 
of  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme 
Court;  from  1835  to  1837  he  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress ;  he 
was  Governor  of  the  State  during 
the  years  1842  and  1843;  and  he 
was -elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


175 


in  1843,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  in 
1845  was  re-elected  for  a  term  of 
six  years ;  but  he  died  at  Washing 
ton,  December  24,  1847,  after  a 
surgical  operation  for  the  relief  of  a 
local  complaint. 

FARELLY,  JOHN  W. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to 
1849. 

FARELLY,   PATRICK. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1821 
to  1826. 

FARLEE,  ISAAC  G. 

lie  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

FARLEY,  E.  WILDER. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

FARLIN,  DUDLEY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1835 
to  1837,  and  died  at  Warreiisburg, 
New  York,  September  2G,  1837. 

FARNSWORTH,  J.   F. 

Born  in  the  Township  of  Eaton, 
Lower  Canada,  March  27,  1820; 
is  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  from  Illinois,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Re 
volutionary  Pensions.  He  has  also 


been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

FARRINGTON,  JAMES. 

lie  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837  to 
1839. 

FARROW,  SAMUEL. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1813  to  1815. 

FAULKNER,  CHARLES  J. 

Born  in  Berkeley  County,  Virgi 
nia,  about  the  year  1805.  He  re 
ceived  a  collegiate  education ;  came 
to  the  bar  in  1829;  was,  in  1832 
and  1833,  elected  to  the  House  of 
Delegates ;  soon  afterwards  ap 
pointed  a  Commissioner  to  report 
upon  the  boundary  between  Vir 
ginia  and  Maryland ;  in  1841  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  in  1848  was  again 
elected  to  the  House  of  Dele 
gates;  in  1850  a  was  member  of 
the  Convention  formed  to  revise 
the  Constitution  of  the  State;  and 
having,  in  1851,  been  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  has 
been  re-elected  to  each  successive 
Congress,  and  was,  during  the  first 
session  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
a  member  of  the  Committee  to  In 
quire  into  the  Sale  of  the  Fort 
Snelling  Reservation,  also  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Military  Af 
fairs,  and  is,  at  the  present  time, 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs. 


176 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


FAY,  FRANCIS  B. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1852 
to  1853. 

FAY,   JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Worcester  Coun 
ty,  Massachusetts,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1819  to  1821. 

FEARING,  PAUL. 
Born  in  Wareham,  Massachu 
setts,  February  28, 1762,  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1185; 
studied  law,  and  emigrated  to  Ohio, 
where  he  became  distinguished  in 
his  profession.  He  settled  in  Ma 
rietta  in  1788,  after  performing  the 
journey,  from  Baltimore  over  the 
mountains,  on  foot.  Soon  after  his 
arrival  he  was  appointed  United 
States  Attorney  for  Washington 
County,  in  that  Territory.  In 
1797  he  was  appointed  Judge  of 
Probate,  for  his  county,  and  in  1801 
was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
serving  until  1803.  In  1814  he 
was  appointed  Master  Commission 
er  in  Chancery,  and  from  1810  to 
1817  was  Judge  in  one  of  the  State 
Courts.  In  1808  he  engaged  ex 
tensively  in  the  raising  of  merino 
sheep,  producing  the  best  descrip 
tion  of  wool,  and  stimulating  others 
to  unite  in  the  business.  He  died 
August  21,  1822. 

FEATHERSTONE,  W.  S. 
He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
on  taking  up  his  residence  in  Mis 
sissippi,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1847  to  1851. 


FELCH,  ALPHEUS. 
Born  in  Limerick,  York  County, 
Maine,  September  28,  1806.  He 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  College,  and 
adopted  the  law  as  a  profession.  He 
emigrated  to  Michigan  when  quite 
young  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  in  1836  and  1837  ;  was 
appointed  Bank  Commissioner  of 
Michigan  in  1838,  and  resigned  in 
1839  ;  for  a  short  time  in  1842  was 
Auditor-General  of  the  State,  but 
relinquished  that  position  for  a  seat 
on  the  bench  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Michigan;  in  1845  he 
was  elected  Governor  of  Michigan, 
and  having  resigned  in  1847,  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress  for 
six  years.  He  was  appointed,  by 
President  Pierce,  one  of  the  Com 
missioners  to  settle  land  claims  in 
California,  under  the  Act  of  Con 
gress  and  the  Treaty  of  Guadalupe 
Hidalgo,  in  March,  1853,  the  busi 
ness  of  which  commission  was  closed 
by  disposing  of  all  the  cases  before 
it  in  March,  1856,  since  which  time 
he  has  lived  in  retirement. 

FELDER,  JOHN  M. 
He   graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1804,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  South  Carolina, 
from  1831  to  1835. 

FENNER,  JAMES. 
Born  in  Providence,  Rhode  Island, 
in  1771 ;  graduated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity,  from  which  institution  he 
received  the  degreee  of  L.  L.  D. 
He  was  for  more  than  half  a  cen 
tury  actively  connected  with  the 
public  affairs  of  his  native  State ; 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


177 


was  United  States  Senator  from 
1805  to  1807,  when  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  Rhode  Island,  which 
office  he  held  four  years;  was  re- 
elected  in  1824,  and  served  seven 
years,  and  was  again  elected  in 
1844.  He  died  in  Providence, 
April  17,  1846. 

FEXTON,  REUBEN  E. 
Born  in  Carroll,  Chautanque  Co., 
New  York,  July  1,  1819;  was  edu 
cated  at  Pleasant  Hill  and  Fredo- 
nia  Academies  ;  is  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession,  but  pursued  the  mercantile 
business.  He  was  elected  a  Rep 
resentative  in  the  Thirty-third  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  from  New 
York,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Private  Land  Claims.  He  has 
also  been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress. 

FERGUSON,  FENNER, 
Born  in  Rensselaer  County,  New 
York,  April  25,  1814.  His  educa 
tion  was  academic,  and  he  is  a  law 
yer  by  profession  ;  he  was  Master 
in  Chancery  in  Albany,  New  York, 
in  1844  ;  also  Master  in  Chancery  in 
Mich'gan  ;  a  member  of  the  Mich 
igan  Legislature,  and  Prosecuting 
Attorney.  June  29,  1854,  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Pierce, 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Territory  of 
Nebraska,  which  office  he  resigned, 
after  being  elected  a  Delegate  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  that  Ter 
ritory. 

FERRIS,  CHARLES  G. 
He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from    that    State,    from     1841    to 
1843. 

12 


FESSENDEN,  WILLIAM  ]». 

Born  at  Boscawen,  New  Hamp 
shire,  October  16,  1806  ;  graduated 
at  Bowdoin  College  in  1823;  studied 
law  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
Portland,  in  1827,  where  he  has 
continued  the  practice  to  the  pre 
sent  time;  was  a  member  of  the 
Maine  Legislature  in  1832,  and  re- 
elected  in  1840;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress  from  1841  to 
1843,  declining  further  service ; 
was  again  in  the  State  Legislature 
in  1845  and  1846,  and  re-elected  in 
1853  and  1854  ;  and  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress  for  six  years, 
from  March  1853,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Fi 
nance.  He  was  a  member  in  1832 
of  the  Convention  which  nominated 
Henry  Clay  for  President,  and  also 
of  the  Conventions  that  nominated 
Generals  Taylor  and  Scott.  During 
the  past  summer  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  was  conferred  upon  him 
by  Bowdoin  College,  of  which  in 
stitution  he  is  an  overseer. 


FEW,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Maryland,  June  8, 1748. 
When  he  was  ten  years  of  age  he 
i  removed  with  his  father  to  North 
Carolina,  where  he  received  a  good 
education.      He  was  a  colonel   in 
,  the    revolutionary    army,  and  dis 
tinguished  himself  in  several  actions 
I  with  the  British  and  Indians.     He 
i  settled   in  Georgia  in  1776,  arid  in 
;  1778  was  Surveyor-General  of  the 
'  State,  and  Presiding  Judge  of  the 
Richmond  County  Court;  in  1780 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


he  was  sent  as  Delegate  to  Congress, 
and  remained  in  that  body  until  the 
peace  ;  and  was  again  appointed  in 
1786;  in  the  next  year  he  assisted 
in  forming  the  National  Constitu 
tion,  after  the  adoption  of  which  he 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
serving  from  1789  to  1793;  in  179G 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  framed  the  Constitution  of 
the  State  of  Georgia,  and  subse 
quently  served  three  years  upon 
the  Bench.  He  resided  during  his 
later  years  in  the  City  of  New  York, 
of  which  he  was  Mayor.  He  died 
at  Fishkill,  New  York,  July  16, 
1828. 

FICKLIN,  ORLANDO  B. 

A  native  of  Kentucky,  and  born 
in  1808;  he  received  a  plain  Eng 
lish  education ;  studied  law,  and 
graduated  at  the  Transylvania  Law 
School,  commencing  to  practice  in 
1830,  in  Mount  Carmel,  Illinois. 
In  1834  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature,  and  was  Attorney  for 
the  Wabash  Circuit  in  1835.  In 
1838  and  in  1842,  was  again  elected 
to  the  Legislature,  and  in  1843  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  serving  six  consecutive  years, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1850.  In 
1853  he  was  colonel  of  militia,  since 
which  time  he  has  been  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  and 
in  agricultural  pursuits. 

FILLMORE,  MILLARD. 
Born  January  7,  1800,  at  Sum 
mer  Hill,  Cayuga  County,  in   the 
State  of  New  York.     At  an  early 
age  he  was  sent  to  Livingston  Coun 


ty,  at  that  time  a  wild  region,  to 
learn  the  clothier's  trade,  and  about 
four  months  later  he  was  appren 
ticed  to  a  wool-carder,  in  the  town 
in  which  his  father  lived.  During 
the  four  years  that  he  worked  at  his 
trade,  he  did  what  he  could  to  sup 
ply  the  defects  of  his  early  educa 
tion.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he 
commenced  the  study  of  law,  and 
devoted  a  portion  of  his  time  to 
teaching  school.  In  1821  he  re 
moved  to  Erie  County,  and  pursued 
his  legal  studies  in  the  City  of  Buf 
falo.  Two  years  later  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  Common  Pleas,  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  the  law 
at  Aurora,  in  the  same  county.  In 
1827,  he  was  admitted  as  an  at 
torney,  and  in  1829,  as  a  counsel 
lor  in  the  Supreme  Court,  and  in 
the  following  year  he  removed  to 
Buffalo.  His  political  life  com 
menced  with  his  election  to  the 
State  Assembly,  in  which  he  took 
his  seat  in  1829.  In  1832,  he  was 
elected  to  Congress,  and  took  his 
seat  the  following  year.  In  1835, 
at  the  close  of  his  terrn,  in  office,  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  the  law,  but 
was  re-elected  to  Congress  in  1837. 
During  this  term,  he  took  a  more 
prominent  part  in  the  business  of 
the  House  than  during  his  former 
term,  and  was  assigned  a  place  on 
the  Committee  on  Elections.  He 
was  successively  re-elected  to  the 
Twenty-sixth  and  Twenty-seventh 
Congresses.  At  the  close  of  the 
first  session  of  the  Twenty- seventh 
Congress,  he  declined  a  re-election, 
returned  to  Buffalo,  and  again  de- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


179 


voted  himself  to  his  profession.  In 
1847  he  was  elected  to  the  office  of 
Comptroller  of  the  State.  In  1848 
he  was-nominated  by  the  Whigs  as 
their  candidate  for  Vice-President, 
and  elected  to  that  office  in  the 
autumn  of  the  same  year.  In  March, 
1 840,  he  resigned  his  office  of  Comp 
troller,  to  assume  the  duties  of  his 
newposition, where  he  remained  until 
the  death  of  President  Taylor,  in 
July,  1850,  by  which  he  was  elevated 
to  the  Presidential  chair.  His  term 
of  office  expired  March  4,  1853. 
Since  his  retirement  from  public  life 
he  has  visited  Europe. 

FINCH,  ISAAC. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York,  a 
member  of  the  Assembly  of  that 
State,  in  1822  and  1824,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1829  to  1831. 

FINDLAY,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1825  to  1833.  He  died 
at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  December  21, 
1835. 

FINDLEY,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1822 
to  1827. 

FINDLEY,  WILLIAM. 

He  came  in  early  life  from  Ire 
land.  In  the  Revolution  he  en 
gaged  with  zeal  in  the  cause  of  his 
adopted  country,  and  at  the  close  of 
the  war,  he  removed  to  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  was  a  member  of  the 


Convention  which  framed  the  new 
Constitution  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  1803 
to  1817.  In  his  politics  he  op 
posed  the  administration  of  Mr. 

1  Adams,  and  supported  Mr.  Jeffer 
son.  He  published  a  review  of  the 

\  Funding  System,  in  1794;  and  a 
History  of  the  Insurrection  of  the 

1  Four  Western  Counties  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  in  179G.  He  died  at  Unity 

|  Township,  Greensburg,  April  5, 
1821,  aged  upwards  of  seventy. 

FINE,  JOHN. 

Born  in  New  York,  August  2(5, 
1784  ;  graduated  at  Columbia  Col 
lege,  New  York,  in  1809;  studied 
law,  and  settled  in  St.  Lawrence 
County,  New  York;  was  a  judge 
in  that  county  for  eighteen  years; 
was  County  Treasurer  from  1821  to 
1833;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1839  to  1841.  He  pub 
lished  a  volume  of  law  lectures. 

FISH,  HAMILTON. 

He  was  born  in  New  York  City 
in  1809;  graduated  at  Columbia 
College;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1830;  in  1837 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1843  to  1845;  Governor  of 
New  York  in  1849;  and  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  1851  to  1856. 
Of  late  years  he  has  been  traveling 
in  Europe. 

FISHER,  CHARLES. 

Born  in  Rowan  County,  North 
Carolina,  October  20,  1789.  He 


180 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


received  an  academical  education, 
and  studied  law ;  but  did  not  prac 
tice  to  any  extent.  He  commenced 
public  life  by  going  into  the  State 
Senate  in  1818,  and  in  1819  was 
elected  to  Congress,  where  he  served 
during  his  term.  In  1821  he  was 
elected  again  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  when  he  served  almost  contin 
uously  until  1836.  He  was  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Convention  to  amend 
the  State  Constitution  in  1835  ;  and, 
from  1839  to  1841,  was  again  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress.  He  died 
at  Hillsborough,  Scott  County,  Mis 
sissippi,  May  7, 1849,  while  return 
ing  home  from  an  extended  tour  in 
the  Southwest. 

FISHER,  DAVID. 

He  was  born  in  Somerset  County, 
Pennsylvania,  December  3, 17 94;  re 
ceived  an  English  eudcation,  chiefly 
in  a  log  school-house  ;  brought  up 
to  clearing  land  and  farming,  in 
Ohio ;  he  has  done  something  also 
as  a  lay-preacher;  in  1842  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Ohio; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1847  to  1849.  His  chair 
in  the  House  of  Representatives  was 
next  to  that  of  the  late  John.Quincy 
Adams,  and  when  the  great  states 
man  fainted,  before  his  death,  he  fell 
into  the  arms  of  Mr.  Fisher.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  theological  work  on 
the  "Divinity  of  Christ." 

FISHER,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1829 
to  1830,  and  a  member  of  the  New 


York  Assembly,  fromTioga  County, 
in  1835. 

FISK,  JAMES. 

Born  about  the  year  17  62;  received 
a  limited  education,  but  studied  law ; 
and  from  his  superior  natural  ta 
lents,  rose  to  eminence  in  his  pro 
fession  ;  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  From  Vermont,  from  1805 
to  1809,  and  from  1811  to  1815, 
when  he  was  appointed  one  of  the 
Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Vermont.  He  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  during  the  years  1817  and 
1818,  and  resigned.  In  1812  he 
was  appointed,  by  President  Madi 
son,  Judge  of  the  Territory  of  Indi 
ana,  and,  in  1817,  Collector  of  the 
port  of  Alburg,  which  office  he  held 
eight  years.  He  died  December  1, 
1844. 

FISK,  JONATHAN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1809 
to  1811,  and  again  from  1813  to 
1815,  when  he  was  appointed  Uni 
ted  States  Attorney  for«the  South 
ern  District  of  New  York. 

FITCH,  ASA. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1811 
to  1813. 

FITCH,  G.  N. 

Born  in  Le  Roy,  Genesee  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  in  December,  1810. 
He  received  his  education  at  Mid- 
dlebury  and  Geneva,  but  did  not 
graduate  ;  he  studied  medicine,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


181 


was  a  medical  professor  in  the 
Rush  Medical  College  at  Chicago, 
Illinois,  from  1844  to  1840.  In 
1844, 1S4S,  and  1856,  he  was  chosen 
a  Presidential  Elector,  and  in  1830 
and  1839,  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  of  Indiana.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1849 
to  1853,  and  in  1857  was  chosen  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States,  which 
position  he  still  occupies,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Post-offices  and  Post-roads,  and  on 
Indian  Affairs. 

FITZGERALD,  THOMAS  II. 

He  was  a  lawyer  by  profession  ; 
served  in  the  war  of  1812,  under 
General  W.  H.  Harrison  ;  and,  in 
1848  and  1849,  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Michigan,  under  the 
appointment  of  the  Governor.  Died 
at  Niles,  Michigan,  March  25, 
1855. 

FITZGERALD,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1831  to  1833, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Expenditures  in  the  Trea 
sury  Department. 

FITZPATRICK,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  born  in  Green  County, 
Georgia,  June  30,  1802;  having 
been  left  an  orphan  when  quite 
young,  he  emigrated  with  an  elder 
brother,  in  1815,  to  the  valley  of 
the  Alabama  River,  near  Mont 
gomery,  where  he  has  ever  since  re 


sided.  He  received  as  good  an 
education  as  new  countries  gene 
rally  afford;  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  1821;  was 
shortly  afterwards  elected  Solicitor 
of  the  Judicial  District  in  which  he 
lived ;  was  again  elected  to  the 
same  office,  in  1825,  and  held  it 
until  1829;  after  which  his  health 
compelled  him  to  relinquish  his 
profession  and  settle  upon  a  farm. 
He  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1840;  in  1841  was  elected  Gover 
nor  of  Alabama;  in  1843  was  re- 
elected  to  the  same  position;  in 

1852  he  was  appointed  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  to  succeed  Honorable  W. 
R.   King,  which  appointment  was 
confirmed  by  the  Legislature  of  his 
State,    and,    at   the   conclusion   of 
that  term,  he  was  elected,  in  1855, 
to  the  same  position,  for  the  term 
ending  in  1861.     He  is  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  Territories, 
on  Military  Affairs,  and  on  Print 
ing. 

FITZSIMMONS,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1782  to  1783;  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1789  to  1795;  and  died 
in  August,  1811,  aged  seventy 
years. 

FLAGLER,  THOMAS  T. 

He  was  born  in  New  York, 
served  in  the  Assembly  of  that 
State  in  1842  and  1843,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from 

1853  to  1857. 


182 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHE?. 


FLETCHER,  ISAAC. 

He  was  formerly  a  member  of 
the  Vermont  Legislature,  and  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1837  to  1841.  He  died 
at  Lyndon,  Vermont,  October  19, 
1844. 

FLETCHER,  RICHARD. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1806;  served  in  the  Legislature  of 
that  State ;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
perior  Court;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts,  from  1837  to  1839. 

FLETCHER,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1816  to 
1817. 

FLORENCE,  ELIAS. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
having  taken  up  his  residence  in 
Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1843  to  1845. 

FLORENCE,  THOMAS  B. 

Born  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsyl 
vania,  January  26,  1812.  He  had 
not  the  benefit  of  a  college  educa 
tion  ;  for  a  time  he  devoted  himself 
to  the  occupation  of  a  hatter ;  he 
published  and  edited,  for  several 
years,  a  Democratic  newspaper; 
was,  for  nine  years,  Secretary  of 
the  Board  of  Comptrollers  of  Pub 
lic  Schools  in  Pennsylvania ;  and 
was  elected  to  Congress  in  1850, 
where  he  has  served  continuously 
until  the  present  time.  He  is  now 


a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Naval  Affairs  and  Invalid  Pensions. 
He  has  also  been  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

FLOURNOY,  THOMAS  S. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1847  to  184 9. 

FLOYD,  CHARLES  A. 

He  was  born  in  New  York, 
served  in  the  Assembly  of  that 
State  in  1836  and  1838,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1841  to  1843. 

FLOYD,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Virginia,  October  3, 1769. 
In  consequence  of  the  pecuniary 
losses  of  his  father,  he  learned  the 
trade  of  a  carpenter,  and  in  1791 
removed  to  Georgia,  and  acquired 
wealth  from  the  manufacture  of 
boats.  He  served  in  the  State  Le 
gislature,  and  was  a  Representative 
of  Georgia,  in  Congress,  from 
1827  to  1829.  He  was  brigadier- 
general  of  militia,  and  subsequently 
major-general,  and  -served  during 
the  war  of  1812.  He  died  in  Cam- 
den  County,  Georgia,  June  24, 
1839. 

FLOYD,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1817  to 
1829,  served  many  years  in  the  Le 
gislature  of  that  State,  and  was 
Governor  of  Virginia  from  1829 
to  1834.  He  died  at  the  Sweet 
Springs,  in  that  State,  August  16, 
1837. 


BlOGBAPHICAL     SKETCHES. 


FLOYD,  JOHN  U. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
served  in  the  Assembly  of  that 
State,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  the  same,  from  1839 
to  1843,  and  from  1851  to  1853. 

FLOYD,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Con 
stitutional  Congress,  from  1774  to 
17S3,  and  signed  the  Declaration  of 
Independence;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1789  to  1791;  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1800  and  1804;  and,  for 
three  years,  a  member  of  the  New 
York  State  Senate  ;  in  1801  he  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention.  He  died  Au 
gust  4,  1821,  aged  eighty-seven 
years. 

FOLEY,  JAMES  B. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
having  taken  up  his  residence  in 
Indiana,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
in  1857,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Agriculture  and  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Post-office  De 
partment. 

FOLGER,  WALTER. 

He  was  born  at  Nantucket,  Mas 
sachusetts;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1817  to  1821. 

FOOT,  SOLOMON. 

Born  in  Cornwall,  Addison  Coun 
ty,  Vermont,  November  19,  1802; 
graduated  at  Middlebury  College ; 


a  lawyer  by  profession  ;  a  member 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  of 
Vermont,  during  the  years  1833, 
1836, 1837, 183S,  and  1847  ;  Speak 
er  of  the  House  in  1837,  183S,  and 
1847;  member  of  the  Convention 
for  altering  the  State  Constitution 
in  1830;  States  Attorney  for  Rut 
land,  from  1836  to  1842;  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1843  to 
1847  ;  and  United  States  Senator, 
from  1850  to  the  present  time,  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Foreign  Relations  and  the  Pacific 
Railroad. 

FOOTE,  CHARLES  A. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1823  to  1825. 

FOOTE,  HENRY  S. 

He  was  born  in  Fauquier  County, 
Virginia,  in  1800,  and  was  educa 
ted  at  Washington  College,  in  that 
State  ;  studied  law,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  settled  in  Alabama 
in  1824;  in  1826  he  removed  to 
Mississippi,  and  there  continued  the 
practice  of  his  profession ;  he  was 
elected  Governor  of  Mississippi,  and 
after  serving  one  term  was  elected, 
in  1847,  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
where  he  remained  until  1853,  offici 
ating  as  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Foreign  Relations.  He  sub 
sequently  spent  a  few  years  in  Cali 
fornia,  and  is  now  practicing  his 
profession  in  Memphis,  Tennessee. 

FOOTE,  SAMUEL  A. 

Born  in  Cheshire,  Connecticut, 
November  8,  1780;  graduated  at 


184 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Yale  College  in  1797,  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  law  in  his 
native  town.  He  was  chosen  a  j 
Representative  in  Congress,  in  1819, 
1823,  and  1833;  was  Speaker  of 
the  Connecticut  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  in  1825  and  1826;  and 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1827  to 
1833.  In  1834  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  the  State.  He  died 
September  16,  1846.  He  it  was 
who  offered,  on  the  floor  of  Con 
gress,  the  famous  resolutions,  upon 
which  was  founded  the  great  debate 
between  Hayne  and  Webster. 

FORD,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1829 
to  1833. 

FORD,  WILLIAM  D. 

He  was  born  in  Providence, 
Rhode  Island ;  served  in  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1816  and  1817, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1819 
to  1821. 

FORNANCE,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1839 
to  1841. 

FORNEY,  DANIEL  M. 

Born  in  Lincoln  County,  North 
Carolina,  May  1784.  During  the 
late  war  with  England  he  served  as 
a  major  in  the  State  line,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1815  to  1818,  and  in  1820  was  ap 


pointed  Commissioner  to  treat  with 
the  Creek  Indians.  From  1823  to 
1826  he  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature.  In  1834  he  remov*ed 
to  Lowndes  County,  Alabama, 
where  he  died  in  October  1847. 

FORNEY,  PETER. 

Born  in  Lincoln  County,  North 
Carolina,  April  1756.  He  was  a 
patriot  and  soldier  of  the  Revolu 
tion.  He  served  as  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature  for  several 
years,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1813  to  1815.  "  He 
served  as  an  elector  during  the  Pre 
sidential  campaigns  of  Jefferson, 
Madison,  Monroe,  and  Jackson. 
Died  February  1,  1834. 

FORREST,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1819  to  1821,  and  again  from 
1822  to  1823. 

FORREST,  URIAH. 

He  was  a  general  in  the  revolu 
tionary  war;  was  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  Germantown,  from  the  ef 
fects  of  which  he  never  recovered  ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  during  the  years 
1793  and  1794;  and  died  at  his 
seat  near  Georgetown,  District  of 
Columbia,  in  1805. 

FORRESTER,    J.    B. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1837, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


185 


and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Claims. 

FORSYTH,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Fredericks- 
burg,  Virginia,  October  2,  1780; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1799;  removed  with  his  father  to 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  and 
afterwards  to  Augusta,  Georgia. 
He  studied  law,  and  from  1802  to 
1808  distinguished  himself  at  the 
Georgia  bar;  and  in  1808  was  At 
torney-General  of  the  State;  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Georgia,  from  1813  to  1818, 
and  from  1823  to  1827 ;  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  during  the  years  1818 
and  1819,  and  from  1829  to  1835; 
Governor  of  Georgia  in  1827,  1828, 
and  1829;  Minister  to  Spain  from 
1819  to  1822;  and  was  Secretary 
of  State  under  President  Jackson  ; 
in  which  position  he  was  continued 
by  President  Van  Buren,  until  the 
end  of  his  administration.  His 
superior  abilities  were  universally 
acknowledged,  and  the  dignity  and 
elegance  of  his  manners  added  much 
to  his  popularity.  He  died  in  Wash 
ington  City,  of  bilious  fever,  Octo 
ber  21,  1841. 

FORT,  TOMLINSON. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia,  from  1827  to 
1829. 

FORWARD,  CHAUNCEY. 

He  was  a  native  of  Pennsylva 
nia,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1825 
to  1831. 


FORWARD,  WALTER, 
lie  was  born  in  Connecticut  in 
1786,  where  he  received  a  liberal 
education.  He  removed  to  Pitts- 
burg  in  1803,  and  studied  law.  In 
1805  he  became  editor  of  the  De 
mocratic  paper  called  the  Tree  of 
Liberty;  from  180(!  to  1822  he 
was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law, 
and,  as  a  pleader,  had  few  equals. 
In  1822  he  was  elected  to  Congress 
as  a  Representative,  where  he  con 
tinued  till  March,  1825.  In  1837 
he  bore  a  prominent  part  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Convention  to  reform 
the  State  Constitution.  In  March, 
1841,  President  Harrison  named 
him  First  Comptroller  of  the  Trea 
sury,  which  post  he  held  until  he 
was  appointed  by  President  Tyler 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  On 
retiring  from  Mr.  Tyler's  cabinet, 
he  resumed  and  continued  his  prac 
tice  at  the  bar,  until  appointed  by 
President  Taylor  Charge  d'Affaires 
to  Denmark,  where  he  spent  several 
years,  resigning  his  situation  to  re 
turn  home  in  order  to  accept  the 
office  of  President  Judge  of  the 
District  Court  of  Alleghany  County, 
to  which  he  had  been  called  by 
popular  election.  While  in  court, 
employed  in  his  judicial  duties,  he 
was  suddenly  taken  ill,  and  died 
in  forty-eight  hours,  at  Pittsburg, 
Pennsylvania,  November  24,  1852. 

FOSDICK,  NICOLL. 
He  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
served  in  the  Assembly  of  that  State, 
in  1818  and  1819,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1825 
to  1827. 


186 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


FOSTER,  ABIEL. 

Born  in  Andover,  Massachusetts, 
August  8, 1735 ;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  in  1756,  studied 
theology  and  was  a  pastor  for  eigh 
teen  years  over  the  Congregational 
Church  in  Canterbury,  New  Hamp 
shire,  and  in  1780  was  a  Represen 
tative  to  the  General  Court;  was 
a  Delegate  from  New  Hampshire 
to  the  Continental  Congress,  from 
1783  to  1785;  and  was  present  at 
the  surrender  of  Washington  to 
Congress  at  Annapolis ;  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  Hampshire,  from  1789  to 
1791,  and  was  again  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Legislature,  and  a  dele 
gate  to  revise  the  State  Constitu 
tion  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate,  from  1793  to  1794,  and  in 
both  years  was  president  of  that 
body;  and  was  re-elected  to  Con 
gress,  from  1795  to  1803.  He  died 
at  Canterbury,  February  6,  1806. 

FOSTER,  A.  LAWRENCE. 
He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 

FOSTER,  DWIGHT. 
He   was   born  in  Massachusetts 
in  1757,  and  died  at  Brookfield,  in 
that   State,   in   April,   1823.      He 
graduated  at  Brown  University  in 
1774;  studied  and  practiced  law; 
was  County  Sheriff,  and  Judge  of 
the    Common    Pleas;    and   was   a  • 
Representative   in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1793  to  1799;  '• 
and  a  Senator   in    Congress,  from  , 
1800  to  1803. 


FOSTER,  EPHRAIM  H. 

He  entered  public  life  when  quite 
young,  and  in  1829  was  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  of 
Tennessee.  In  1837  he  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  Senate,  but  in 
1839  resigned  his  seat  because  he 
could  not  obey  the  instructions  of 
the  State  Legislature  ;  and  in  1843 
he  was  re-elected  for  two  years. 
On  his  return  from  Washington  he 
was  a  candidate  for  Governor,  but 
failed  of  an  election.  He  died  at 
Nashville,  September  4,  1854. 

FOSTER,  HENRY  A. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ;  served 
in  the  Senate  of  that  State  from 
1831  to  1834,  and  from  1841  to 
1844;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1837  to  1839;  and  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress  during  the  years  1844 
and  1845. 

FOSTER,  HENRY  D. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1847. 

FOSTER,  LA  FAYETTE  S. 

Born  in  Franklin,  New  London 
County,  Connecticut,  November  22, 
1806,  and  is  a  direct  descendant  of 
Miles  Standish.  He  graduated  at 
Brown  University  ;  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession ;  was  a  member  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  Connecticut 
in  1839,  1840,  1846,  1847,  1848, 
1854;  Speaker  of  the  House  in 
1847,  1848,  1854;  Mayor  of  the 
City  of  Norwich,  Connecticut,  for 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


187 


two  years,  and  chosen  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  March  4,  1855,  for 
six  years,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Public  Laud  and 
Pensions. 

FOSTER,  NATHANIEL  0. 

Born  at  "The  Fork,"  in  Green 
County,  Georgia,  August  25,  1809; 
graduated  at  Franklin  College  in 
1830;  read  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1831,  and  settled  in 
Madison,  Georgia,  where  he  ob 
tained  a  high  reputation  as  an  ad 
vocate  and  jury  lawyer.  He  served 
three  years  as  Solicitor-General  of 
Ocmulgee  Circuit,  five  years  in  the 
State  Senate,  and  one  year  in  the 
House,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

FOSTER,  STEPHEN  C. 

Born  in  Machias,  Maine,  Decem 
ber  24,  1799  ;  commenced  life  as  a 
blacksmith,  but  for  the  last  twenty- 
five  years  has  been  a  lumber  mer 
chant  and  ship-builder  ;  was  in  the 
Maine  Legislature  from  1834  to 
1837,  again  in  1840,  when  he  was 
President  of  the  Senate,  and  again 
in  1847  ;  was  elected  to  Congress, 
from  Maine,  in  1856,  where  he  still 
continues;  and  he  is  now  President 
of  the  Washington  Agricultural  So 
ciety  of  his  native  State.  He  is  a  i 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Manu 
factures. 

FOSTER,  THEODORE. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Rhode  Island,  from  1790  to 
1803,  and  died  in  1828. 


FOSTER,  THOMAS  F. 

Born  iii  Greensborough,  Georgia, 
November  23,  1790.  He  graduated 
at  Franklin  College  in  1812;  read 
law  at  home,  and  at  Litchlield,  Con 
necticut,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  181(>.  He  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  Georgia  Le 
gislature  ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1829  to  1835,  and 
again  from  1841  to  1843.  He  died 
in  1847. 

FOWLER,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of 
the  Revolution;  attained  the  rank 
of  captain ;  and  was  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  Kentucky,  from 
1797  to  1807.  He  died  at  Lexing 
ton,  Kentucky,  August  22,  1840, 
aged  eighty-five  years. 

FOWLER,  ORIN. 

He  was  born  in  1795;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1815;  studied 
divinity,  but  turned  his  attention  to 
politics ;  was  elected  to  the  Senate 
of  Massachusetts  in  1848;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1849  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  "Washington  City,  Sep 
tember  3,  1852. 

FOWLER,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  New  Jersey  in  1779  ;  was 
a  distinguished  member  of  the  medi 
cal  profession  ;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey, 
from  1833  to  1837.  Died  in  Sus 
sex  County,  New  Jersey,  February 
21,  1844. 


188 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


FRANCIS,  JOHN  B. 

He  was  born  in  Rhode   Island,  j 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con-  • 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1844  to 
1845. 

FRANKLIN,  JESSE. 

He  was  born  in  Surry  County, 
North  Carolina  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Delegates  of  that  State 
in  1794;  he  represented  that  State 
in  Congress,  from  1795  to  1197, 
and  then  returned  to  the  Legisla 
ture.  From  1799  to  1805,  and 
from  1807  to  1813,  he  was  United 
States  Senator.  In  181 6  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Madison, 
a  Commissioner  to  treat  with  the 
Chickasaws,  and  was  elected  Go 
vernor  of  North  Carolina  in  1820. 
He  died  in  1823. 

FRANKLIN,  JOHN  A. 

He  was  born  in  Worcester  Coun 
ty,  Maryland,  May  6,  1820  ;  gradu 
ated  at  Jefferson  College,  Pennsyl 
vania,  in  1836;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841  ; 
served  in  the  State  Legislature  of 
Maryland  in  1843,  and  also  in  1849, 
when  he  was  elected  Speaker ;  in 
1851  he  was  chosen  President  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Works  of  the  State, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

FRANKLIN,  MESHACK. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  North  Carolina,  from  1807  to 
1815.  He  served  in  the  House  of 
Commons  of  that  State  in  1800, 


and  in  the  State  Senate  in  1828 
and  1829.  He  died  December, 
1841. 

FREEDLEY,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  (according  to  an  in 
teresting  work  published  by  E.  T. 
Freedley,  Esq.,)  in  Norristown, 
Montgomery  County,  Pennsylvania, 
May  22,  1793.  He  commenced  life 
as  a  brickmaker ;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  .in  1820; 
he  entered  extensively  into  various 
kinds  of  business,  especially  that  of 
quarrying  marble,  and  was  success 
ful  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1847  to  1851.  He 
died  December  8,  1851. 

FRELINGHUYSEN,  FREDERICK. 

Born  in  New  Jersey,  April  13, 
1753;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1770.  When  twenty-two 
years  of  age  he  was  sent  to  the 
Continental  Congress  ;  and  as  cap 
tain  of  a  volunteer  corps  of  artil 
lery,  he  was  at  the  battles  of  Tren 
ton  and  Monmouth,  and  it  is  said 
that  it  was  he  who  killed  Rhalle, 
the  Hessian  commander  at  Trenton. 
He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1793  to  1796,  when  he  resigned  on 
account  of  domestic  bereavements. 
He  stood  among  the  first  at  the  bar 
of  New  Jersey,  and  held  various 
State  and  County  offices.  He  died 
April  13,  1804. 

FRELINGHUYSEN,  THEODORE. 

He  was  born  in  Millstown,  So 
merset  County,  New  Jersey,  March 
28,  1787  ;  graduated  at  Princeton 


BIOQKAPIIICAL    SKETCHES. 


I  SI) 


College,    Nassau    Hall,    in    1804; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the   ; 
bar  in  1808;  was  Attorney- General   ; 
of  New  Jersey,  from  1818  to  1S29  ; 
and  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from    i 
New  Jersey,  from    1829   to  1835.    j 
Mr.  Frelinghuysen  was  Chancellor 
of  the  University  of  New  York,  from   j 
1839  to   1S50,  and  while  in  that 
position  was  the  candidate  of  the   I 
"Whig  party  for  Vice-President  upon   J 
the  ticket  with  Henry  Clay.  In  1850   j 
he  was  elected  President  of  llutgers's   | 
College,  where  he  still  officiates,  de 
voting  much  of  his  time  and  means   j 
to  the  benevolent  and  educational   ' 
interests  of  his  native  State  and  of 
the  Union. 

FREEMAN,  JOHN  D. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
having  removed  to  Mississippi,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

FREEMAN,  JONATHAN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1797  to  1801. 

FREEMAN,  NATHANIEL. 

He  was  born  at  Dennis,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  April,  1741,  and  died 
September  27, 1820.  He  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  ;  studied  nie- 
decine ;  and  was  a  patriot  iu  the 
revolutionary  war  ;  performed  vari 
ous  services  in  the  Legislature  and 
as  a  brigadier-general  of  militia; 
he  was  also  a  Judge  of  Probate  for 
forty-seven  years,  and  a  Judge  of 


the  Common  Pleas  for  thiry  years; 
he  was  twice  married,  and  had 
twenty  children  ;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts,  from  1795  to  1799. 

FREMONT,  JOHN  CHARLES. 

Born  in  South  Carolina,  January, 
1813.  His  father  was  an  emigrant 
from  France.  He  received  a  good 
education,  though  left  an  orphan  at 
four  years  of  age  ;  and  at  the  age  of 
seventeen  he  graduated  at  Charles 
ton  College.  From  teaching  mathe 
matics  he  turned  his  attention  to 
civil  engineering,  and  was  recom 
mended  to  the  government  for  em 
ployment  in  the  Mississippi  survey. 
He  was  afterwards  employed  at 
Washington  in  constructing  maps 
of  that  region.  Having  received 
the  commission  of  a  lieutenant  of 
engineers,  he  proposed  to  the  Secre 
tary  of  War,  to  penetrate  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  His  plan  was  approved, 
and  in  1842,  with  a  few  men,  he  ex 
plored  the  South  Pass.  Impatient 
of  quiet,  he  planned  a  new  expedi 
tion  to  the  Territory  of  Oregon.  He 
approached  the  Rocky  Mountains 
by  a  new  line,  scaled  the  summits 
south  of  the  South  Pass,  deflected 
to  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  and  con 
nected  his  survey  with  that  of 
Wilkes's  exploring  expedition.  He 
also  performed  another  expedition, 
in  which  he  revealed  the  grand 
features  of  Alta  California,  its  great 
basin,  the  Sierra  Nevada,  the  val 
leys  of  the  San  Joaquin  and  Sa 
cramento,  and  established  the  geo 
graphy  of  the  western  portion  of 


190 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the   continent.     In   August,  1844, 
he  was  planning  a  third  expedition, 
while    writing   the   history  of  the 
second,  and  before  its  publication, 
in  1845,  was  again  on  his  way  to 
the  Pacific,  collecting  his  mountain 
comrades,  to  examine  in  detail  the 
Asiatic  slope  of  the  continent,  which 
resulted  in  giving  a  new  volume  of 
science  to  the  world,  and  California 
to  the  United  States.      After  the 
conquest  of  California,  in  which  he 
bore  a  part,  he  was  the  victim  of  a 
quarrel  between  two  American  com 
manders,  and  stripped  of  his  com 
mission  by  court-martial.    The  Pre 
sident  reinstated  him,  but  he  declined 
returning.  He  determined  to  retrieve 
his  honor.  One  line  more  would  com 
plete  his  survey,  the  route  for  a  great 
road  from  the  Mississippi  to  San 
Francisco.     Again  he  appeared  in  j 
the  far  West.     He  refitted  his  ex 
pedition,  and  started  again ;  pierced  | 
the  country  of  the  Apaches  ;  met, 
awed,  or   defeated   savage   tribes ;  ! 
and  in  a  hundred  days  from  Santa  : 
Fe,  stood  on  the  banks  of  the  Sa-  , 
cramento    The  people  of  California  j 
reversed  the  judgment  of  the  court-  | 
martial,  and  he  was  made  the  first  ! 
Senator  of  the  Golden  State,  in  1850  j 
and  1851.     He  was  subsequently  a 
candidate  for  President  in  opposi 
tion  to  Mr.  Buchanan,  and  though 
he  received  a  large  vote,  was  de 
feated,  and  has  since  then  lived  in 
retirement. 

FRENCH,  RICHARD. 

He  was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 


from  that  State,  from  1835  to  1837, 
from  1843  to  1845,  and  again  from 
1847  to  1849. 

FREY,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1827 
to  1831. 

FRICK,  HENRY. 

Born  in  Northumberland  County, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1796;  was  edu 
cated  as  a  printer;  became  an  edi 
tor  of  a  newspaper ;  served  for 
three  sessions  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  Washington  City, 
March  1,  1844. 

FRIES,  GEORGE. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
having  removed  to  Ohio,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
that  State,  from  1845  to  1847,  and 
for  a  second  term  ending  in  1849. 

FROMENTIN,  ELIGIUS. 

A  Senator  of  the  United  States 
from  Louisiana,  from  1813  to  1819. 
In  1821  he  was  Judge  of  the  Crim 
inal  Court  of  New  Orleans,  and 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Western 
District  of  Florida.  He  shortly 
resigned  his  office  and  returned  to 
the  practice  of  law,  at  New  Orleans, 
where  he  died,  of  the  yellow  fever, 
October  6,  1822. 

FROST,  JOEL. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ;  served 
in  the  State  Assembly,  in  1806  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


191 


1808,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1823  to  1825. 

FRY,  JACOB,  Ju. 

He  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1835  to  1839. 

FULLER,  GEORGE. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1845. 

FULLER,  HENRY  M. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
removing  to  Pennsylvania,  became 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  serving  from  1851  to 
1853,  and  from  1855  to  1857. 

FULLER,  rillLO  C. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1833 
to  1837  and  died  at  Geneva,  August 

16,  1855. 

FULLER,  THOMAS  J.  D. 

He  was  born  in  Hardwick,  Cale 
donia  County,  Vermont,  March 

17,  1808  ;  was  left  an  orphan  when 
seven  years  of  age  ;  spent  his  boy 
hood  and  youth  upon  a  farm  ;  on 
attaining     manhood     studied    and 
adopted    the    profession    of    law, 
having  been  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1833;    and,    removing   to    Maine, 
was  elected  Attorney  for  the  county 
of  Maine  for  three  years;  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Maine,  to  the 


'.  Thirty-second,  Thirty-third,  and 
Thirty-fourth  Congresses,  serving  as 
an  active  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Commerce.  In  1S57  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Buchanan, 
Second  Auditor  of  the  Treasury, 

!  which  office  he  still  occupies. 

FULLER,   TIMOTHY. 

He  was  born  at  Martha's  Vine 
yard,  Massachusetts,  and  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1801  ; 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1817  to 
1825;  and  died  at  Groton,  Massa 
chusetts,  October  1,  1835,  aged 
fifty-seven  years. 

FULLER,  WILLIAM    K. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Assem- 

,  bly  of  Xew  York  in  1829  and  1830 ; 

at   one   time    Adjutant-General   of 

the  State  Militia;    and  from  1833 

to  1837  a  Representative  in  Con- 

|  gress. 

FULLERTON,  DAVID. 

Born  in   1771;    was  for  several 
'  years  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature  of  Pennsylvania  ;  and  repre- 
!  sented  that  State  in  Congress,  from 
1819  to  1820.     He  died  at  Green- 
castle,  Pennsylvania,    February    1, 
1843. 

FULLTON,  ANDREW  S. 

He   was  born  in   Virginia,  and 

!  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 

from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

FULTON,  JOHN  H. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1833  to 


192 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1835,  and  died  at  Abingdon,  Jan 
uary  28,  1836. 

FULTON,  WILLIAM  S. 

He  was  born  in  Cecil  County, 
Maryland,  June  2,  1795 ;  before 
coming  of  age  lie  served  with  great 
credit  as  a  volunteer  aid  in  the  bom 
bardment  of  Fort  McHenry ;  dur 
ing  the  late  war  with  England,  he 
removed  to  Tennessee  and  was  pri 
vate  secretary  to  General  Jackson 
in  the  Florida  campaign.  He  stu 
died  law  and  settled  in  Alabama  for 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  He 
was  subsequently  appointed,  in  1829, 
by  President  Jackson,  Secretary  of 
the  Territory  of  Arkansas,  and,  in 
1835,  Governor  of  the  same,  which 
office  he  held  until  the  Territory 
was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a 
State,  when  he  was  elected  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  the  new  State, 
from  1836  to  1844, — having  died  at 
Rosewood,  near  Black  Rock,  Ar 
kansas,  August  14,  of  the  latter 
year. 

GAGE,  JOSIAH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1817  to  1819. 

GAIL  LARD,  JOHN. 

A  Senator  of  the  United  States, 
from  South  Carolina,  from  1804  to 
1826.  He  voted  for  the  war  of 
1812,  and  was  repeatedly  called  to 
preside  over  the  Senate,  in  the  ab 
sence  of  the  Vice-President.  He 
died  at  Washington,  February  26, 
1826. 


GAINES,  JOHN  T. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1847  to  1849;  and 
was  subsequently  appointed  Go 
vernor  of  Oregon  Territory. 

GAITHER,  NATHAN. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1829  to  1833. 

GALBRAITH,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1833  to 
1837,  and  again  from  1839  to  1841. 

GALE,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1789  to 
1791. 

GALE,  LEVIN. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1827  to 
1829. 

GALLATIN,  ALBERT. 

Born  at  Geneva,  January  29, 
1761 ;  graduated  at  the  University 
of  his  native  city,  in  1779,  and  dur 
ing  the  next  year  emigrated  -to 
America.  He  commenced  his  ca 
reer  in  Maine,  then  a  part  of  Mas 
sachusetts,  having  been  placed  in 
command  of  a  small  fort  at  Ma- 
chias.  He  was  appointed  a  tutor 
at  Harvard  University  in  1782,  and 
removed  to  Pennsylvania  in  1786, 
where  he  acted  a  prominent  part  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


193 


the  State  Convention  of  1789,  and 
served  in  the  lower  branch  of  the 
Legislature  in  1700  and  1791.  In 
1793  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  but 
his  seat  was  vacated,  in  1794,  by  a 
resolution  of  the  Senate,  on  the 
ground  of  want  of  citizenship  for  a 
sufficient  length  of  time,  and  soon 
after,  without  his  knowledge,  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  serv 
ing  from  1795  to  1801.  He  was,  in 
the  latter  year,  appointed  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  under  President 
Jefferson,  and,  as  an  executive 
councillor,  and  subsequently  diplo 
matist  and  statesman,  he  obtained  a 
very  high  reputation.  In  1813  he 
went  to  St.  Petersburg  as  one  of 
the  Envoys  Extraordinary,  to  ne 
gotiate  with  Great  Britain,  under 
the  mediation  of  Russia,  and,  dur 
ing  the  following  year,  with  Adams, 
Bayard,  Clay,  and  Russell,  signed 
the  Treaty  of  Ghent.  He  assisted 
also  in  concluding  the  Commercial 
Convention  with  England,  at  Lon 
don,  in  1815,  and  resided  at  Paris, 
as  Minister  of  the  United  States, 
from  1816  to  1823.  In  1827  he  | 
obtained  full  indemnification  from 
England,  for  injuries  sustained  by 
our  citizens  for  violating  the  Treaty 
of  Ghent.  President  Madison  of 
fered  him  a  seat  in  his  cabinet,  as 
Secretary  of  State;  President  Mon-  j 
roe  offered  him  the  post  of  Secre-  i 
tary  of  the  Navy,  and  he  was  also 
nominated  for  Vice-President,  all 
which  honors  he  declined.  In  1828 
he  became  a  citizen  of  New  York, 
13 


and  took  an  active  part  in  promot 
ing  the  literary  or  commercial  in 
terests  of  the  Empire  City,  and  of 
the  Union  at  large.  In  1831  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Free  Trade 
Convention,  and  drew  up  the  me 
morial  to  Congress,  which  embo 
dies  the  views  of  the  Democratic 
party ;  he  was  President  of  the 
National  Bank  of  New  York,  and 
also  of  the  New  York  Histori 
cal  Society,  and  the  Ethnological 
Society,  and  advocated  the  estab 
lishment  of  the  New  York  Univer 
sity;  and,  just  before  his  death,  be 
came  identified  with  the  Smithso 
nian  Institution.  He  was  a  fine 
scholar,  and  published  many  papers 
on  the  currency  and  finance,  on  In 
dian  languages,  and  other  import 
ant  subjects.  He  died  at  Astoria. 
Long  Island,  August  12,  1849. 

GALLEGOS,  JOSE  MANUEL. 

He  was  born  in  New  Mexico, 
and  was  a  Delegate  from  that  Ter 
ritory,  to  the  Thirty-third  and 
Thirty-fourth  Congresses. 

GALLOWAY,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and,  having  removed  to  Ohio,  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

GALLUP,  ALBERT. 

He  was  at  one  time  Sheriff  of  Al 
bany  County,  New  York,  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1837  to  1839,  and  was 
appointed,  by  President  Polk,  Col- 


194 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


lector  of  Providence,  Rhode  Island. 
He  died  at  Providence,  in  Novem 
ber  1851. 

GAMBLE,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1855. 

GAMBLE,  ROGER  L. 

Was  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  from  1833  to  1835,  and 
from  1841  to  1843  ;  and  afterwards 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
that  State.  He  died  December  20, 
1847. 

GANNETT,  BARZ1LLAI. 

He  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1185,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1809  to  1811. 

GARDENIER,  BARENT. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1801 
to  1811. 

GARDNER,  FRANCIS. 

He  was  born  in  Stow,  New 
Hampshire,  in  1738;  graduated  at 
Harvard  College;  was  a  preacher 
of  the  gospel,  in  New  Hampshire, 
for  half  a  century ;  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1807  to  1809; 
and  died  in  1814. 

GARDNER,  GIDEON. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1809  to  1811. 


GARLAND,  DAVID  S. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1809  to 
1811. 

GARLAND,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1845  to  1847. 

GARLAND,  RICE. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and, 
having  taken  up  his  residence  in 
Louisiana,  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1834  to  1840. 

GARNETT,  JAMES  M. 

Born  at  Elmwood,  in  Essex 
County,  Virginia,  June  8,  1710. 
He  served  for  several  years  as  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  his 
native  State,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1805  to  1809.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  assem 
bled  at  Richmond,  in  1829,  to  re 
vise  the  Constitution  of  Virginia. 
He  was  interested  in  the  cause  of 
education,  and  devoted  to  the  pur 
suits  of  agriculture,  having  presided 
over  the  Agricultural  Society  of 
Fredericksburg  for  more  than  twen 
ty  years,  and  toiled  laboriously  for 
the  formation  of  a  National  Agri 
cultural  Society.  He  died  at  Elm- 
wood,  May  1843,  aged  sixty-two 
years. 

GARNETT,  M.  R.  II. 
He  was  born  in  Essex  County, 
Virginia ;  was  educated  at  the  Uni- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


195 


versity  of  Virginia,  and  studied  law 
as  a  profession ;  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
the  State  in  1850;  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Delegates  in  1853 
and  1854,  1855  and  1850,  and  du 
ring  the  latter  session  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Finance. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  as  a  Representative  from 
Arirginia,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Claims.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  Con 
ventions,  at  Baltimore  and  Cincin 
nati,  in  1852  and  1856. 

GARNETT,  ROBERT  S. 

He  was  a  native  of  Essex  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1811  to  1827. 

GARNEV,  DANIEL  G. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1825 
to  1830. 

GARRISON,  DANIEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1823 
to  1827. 

GARROW,  NATHANIEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1827 
to  1829. 

GARTRELL,  LUCIUS  J. 

Born  in  Wilkes  County,  Georgia, 
January  7,  1821 ;  educated  at  Ran 
dolph  Macon  College,  Alrginia,  and 
Franklin  College,  Athens,  Georgia; 


is  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  and  in 
1843  was  elected,  by  the  General 
Assembly  of  (Jeorgia,  Solicitor  Ge 
neral  of  the  Northern  Judicial  Cir 
cuit.  He  resigned  in  1847,  on  being 
elected  a  Representative  to  the  Le 
gislature,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1849 ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  for 
the  State  of  Georgia  in  185(5 ;  and  in 
1857  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress.  He  is  one 
of  the  Regents  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  and  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the 
Treasury  Department. 

GARVEN,  WILLIAM  S. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

GASTON,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Newbern,  North  Caroli 
na,  September  19,  1778.  His  early 
education  was  conducted  by  his  mo 
ther;  advanced  at  the  Catholic  Col 
lege  of  Georgetown,  District  of  Co 
lumbia  ;  and  he  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College.  He  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  1798. 
He  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
State  Legislature,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress  from  1813 
to  1817.  In  1834  he  was  appoint 
ed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
and  in  1835  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Convention  to  amend  the 
Constitution.  He  continued  on  the 
Bench  until  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  January  23,  1844. 
He  was  an  able  and  successful  law 
yer,  and  an  upright  judge,  had  a 
taste  for  polite  literature,  and  is  re- 


196 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


membered  in  North  Carolina  as  j 
one  of  its  most  distinguished  citi-  j 
zens. 

GATES,  SETH  M. 

He   was   born    in    New   York; 
served  in   the    Assembly   of   that  j 
State  in  1832;  and  was  a  Repre-  I 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1839  to  \ 
1843. 

GARTLIN,  ALFRED. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina ; 
graduated  at  the  university  of  that 
State ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  North  Carolina, 
from  1823  to  1825. 

GAYARRE,  CHARLES  E.  A. 

Born  in  Louisiana,  January  3, 
1805;  educated  at  the  College  of 
New  Orleans ;  in  1826  he  went  to 
Philadelphia  and  studied  law  ;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1829,  and 
returned  home ;  in  1830  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature;  in  1831 
was  appointed  Deputy  Attorney- 
General;  in  1833  Presiding  Judge 
of  the  City  Court  of  New  Orleans ; 
and  in  1835  he  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  but  ill  health  prevent 
ed  him  from  taking  his  seat.  He  > 
went  to  Europe,  where  he  spent  a  j 
number  of  years,  and  on  his  return,  j 
in  1843,  was  again  returned  to  the 
State  Legislature;  and  in  1846  he 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  State, 
in  which  capacity  he  served  seven 
years.  As  an  author,  he  has  ac 
quired  a  high  position,  his  leading 
works  being  as  follows:  "History 
of  "Louisiana,"  "Romance  of  the 
History  of  Louisiana,"  "Spanish 


Domination  in  Louisiana,"  a  dra 
matic  novel  called  "  The  School  of 
Politics,"  and  a  work  on  "The  In 
fluence  of  the  Mechanic  Arts." 

GAYLE,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Sumpter  District,  South 
Carolina,  September  11,  1792;  edu 
cated  at  South  Carolina  College; 
and  emigrated  to  Alabama  in  1813. 
In  1817  he  was  appointed  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Territorial  Legislature ; 
was  Solicitor  of  the  First  Judicial 
District  on  organization  of  the 
State  Government;  and  in  1823 
was  elected  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State.  In  1829  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature, 
and  was  Speaker  of  the  House.  In 
1831  was  elected  Governor,  and  re- 
elected  in  1833.  He  was  Presiden 
tial  Elector  in  1836  and  in  1840, 
and  in  1847  was  elected,  from  Mo 
bile  County,  a  Representative  in 
Congress.  In  1849  he  was  appoint 
ed  Judge  of  the  United  States  Dis 
trict  Court  of  Alabama,  which  office 
he  now  holds. 

GAYLORD,  JAMES  M. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

GAZLEY,  JAMES  W. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1823  to 
1825. 

GEBHARD,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1821 
to  1823. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


197 


GEDDES,  JAMES. 

Born  near  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania, 
July  22,  1703;  obtained  a  limited 
education  while  working  upon  a 
farm :  removing  to  New  York,  he 
organized,  in  1794,  a  company  for 
the  manufacture  of  salt  at  Onon- 
daga;  in  1800  was  elected  a  magis 
trate  ;  in  1804  and  in  1821  he  was 
in  the  State  Legislature  ;  in  1809 
an  associate  county  justice ;  in 
1812  Judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  ; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1813  to  1815.  In 
1822  he  was  appointed  Chief  Engi 
neer  of  the  Ohio  Canal ;  and  in  1827 
assisted  in  locating  the  Chesapeake 
and  Ohio  Canal,  as  well  as  the 
Pennsylvania  Canal,  lie  died  Au 
gust  19,  1838. 

GENTRY,  MEREDITH  P. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina; 
studied  law,  and  settled  in  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  in  Tennessee  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1843,  from  1845  to  1847,  and  from 
1847  to  1853. 

GERMAN,  OBADIAH. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1809  to  1815, 
and  died  September  24,  1842. 

GERRY,  ELBRIDGE. 

Born  at  Marblehead,  Massachu 
setts,  July,  1744,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1702.  He  de 
voted  himself  for  several  years  to 
commercial  pursuits ;  was  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  in  1773,  and  was 


appointed  on  the  Committee  of 
|  Correspondence.  From  1770  to 
i  1785  he  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Pro- 
•  vincial  Congress,  and  signed  the 
!  Declaration  of  Independence ;  while 
in  that  body  he  was  a  member  of 
tin-  Committee  of  Public  Safety  and 
Supplies,  and  when  the  Committee 
were  in  session  at  Menotomy,  he, 
with  Colonel  Orne,  escaped  from 
the  British  troops  at  night  by  fleeing 
to  a  cornfield,  while  the  house  was 
searched  for  them.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  which  framed 
the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  but  declined  subscribing  to 
it.  He  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Federal  Congress  from  1789  to 
1793;  and  in  17  97  he  was  appointed 
Minister  to  France.  In  1804  he 
was  one  of  the  Presidential  Elec 
tors,  and  was  Governor  of  Massa 
chusetts  in  1810  and  1811.  In 
1813  he  was  inaugurated  Vice-Pre- 
sident  of  the  United  States,  and 
lilled  the  office  until  his  death,  which 
took  place  at  Washington,  Novem 
ber  23,  1814. 

GERRY,  ELBRIDGE. 

Born  in  Waterford,  Oxford  Coun 
ty,  Maine,  December  0,  1815 ;  re 
ceived  agood  academical  education ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1839;  in  1840  was  Clerk 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  of 
Maine;  in  1842  was  appointed 
State  Attorney  for  Oxford  County, 
and  re-elected  by  the  people  during 
the  following  year ;  in  1840  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  ; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in 


198 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1849 
to  1851.  Of  late  years  he  has  re 
sided  in  Portland,  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession. 

GERRY,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1839  to 

1843. 

GIST,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1821  to  182T. 

GEYER,  H.  S. 

He  was  born  in  Frederick  Coun 
ty,  Maryland ;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law ;  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Missouri,  from  1851 
to  1857. 

GIIOLSON,  JAMES  H. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia;  gradu 
ated  at  Princeton  College  in  1820; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1833  to 
1835  ;  and  died  at  Brunswick,  Vir 
ginia,  July  2, 1848,  aged  fifty  years. 

GIIOLSON,  S.  H. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Mississippi,  from  1837 
to  1838. 

GIIOLSON,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1808  to 
1816. 

GIDDINGS,  JOSHUA  R. 

Born  at  Athens,  Bradford  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  October  6,  1795  ; 


is  a  lawyer  by  profession ;  practiced 
in  Ohio ;  was  elected  to  the  Ohio 
Legislature  in  1826 ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  in  1838,  which 
position  he  has  ever  since  held.  He 
has  for  many  years  been  recognized 
as  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Anti- 
slavery  party. 

GILBERT,  EDWARD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  California,  from  1850 
to  1851. 

GILBERT,  EZEKIEL. 

He  was  born  in  1755,  in  Middle- 
town,  Connecticut;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1778;  and  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1793  to  1797.  He  suf 
fered  for  thirty  years  from  a  stroke 
of  paralysis,  and  died  at  Hudson, 
New  York,  in  July,  1841. 

GILBERT,  SYLVESTER. 

Born  in  1756,  at  Hebron,  Con 
necticut  ;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1775  ;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  1777, 
at  Hebron.  In  1780  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  General  Assembly,  being 
the  youngest  member  in  the  House. 
In  1788  he  was  appointed  States  At 
torney  for  Toland  County,  and  filled 
that  office  twenty-one  years.  In 
1807  he  was  appointed  Chief  Judge 
of  the  County  Court,  and  Judge  of 
Probate,  which  offices  he  held  until 
1825,  with  the  exception  of  his  term 
as  Representative  in  Congress,  in 
1818  and  1819 ;  and  in  1810  he  was 
a  teacher  of  a  law  school,  which  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


199 


continued  about  seven  years,  during 
which  time  fifty-six  students  were 
prepared  for  the  bar  under  his  tui 
tion.  In  1S26  he  was  again  elected 
to  the  Legislature,  and  was  then 
the  oldest  member  in  the  House; 
to  which  body  he  had,  from  the  year 
1780,  been  re-elected  thirty  times. 
He  died  in  January,  1846. 

GILBERT,  WILLIAM  A. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
removing  to  New  York,  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  that  State, 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

GILES,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Rowan  County,  North 
Carolina,  about  the  year  1788 ;  gra 
duated  at  Chapel  Hill  University  in 
1808  ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  engaged  in  the  practice  for 
more  than  thirty  years.  In  1829 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  in  Con 
gress,  but  resigned  before  taking 
his  seat,  on  account  of  ill  health. 
In  1835  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  met  to  revise  the 
State  Constitution.  He  died  March 
2,  1840,  in  Stanly  County,  North 
Carolina,  where  his  professional  du 
ties  required  his  attendance  before 
the  Circuit  Court. 

GILES,  WILLIAM  BRANCH. 

Born  in  Amelia  County,  Virgi 
nia,  August  12, 17G2 ;  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  1781 ;  studied  law,  but 
abandoned  the  profession  after  prac 
ticing  about  six  years.  From  1826 
to  1829  he  was  Governor  of  his  na 


tive  State  ;  was  a  Representative  in 

|  Congress,  fron  1790  to  1798,  and 
again  from  1801  to  1802  ;  and  Uni- 

1  ted  States  Senator,  from  1804  to 
1815 ;  and  was  subsequently  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature.  He  pub 
lished  a  Speech  on  the  Embargo 
Laws  in  1808,  and,  in  1813,  Politi 
cal  Letters  to  the  People  of  Virgi- 

;  nia,  and  subsequently  an  invective 
letter  against  President  Monroe, 
and  others,  of  a  political  character, 
to  John  Marshall  and  J.  Q.  Adams. 

1  He  died  in  Albemarle  County,  Vir 
ginia,  December  4,  1830. 

GILES,  WILLIAM  F. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1847. 

GILLASPIE,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Provin 
cial  Congress  of  North   Carolina, 
and  a  Representative  in  the  United 
States  Congress,  from  1 7  93  to  1 7  99, 
!  and  from  1803  to  1805. 

GILLET,  RANSOM  II. 

Was  born  in  New  Lebanon,  Co 
lumbia  County,  New  York,  Jan 
uary  27,  1800.  His  early  employ 
ment  was  farming  on  his  father's 
farm,  in  Saratoga  County,  in  the 

i  summer,  and  lumbering  in  the 
pine  forest  during  the  winter.  In 

•  1819  he  removed  to  St.  Lawrence 
County,  where  he  was  employed  to 
teach  school,  during  the  winters, 
while  he  attended  the  St.  Lawrence 
Academy  during  the  summer.  In 
1821  he  engaged  in  the  study  of 


200 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  law,  with  the  laie  Silas  Wright, 
at  Canton,  still  continuing  to  teach 
for  his  support.     He  was  soon  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  practicing  in  the 
local  courts,  and  finally  settled  in 
Ogdensburg,  where   he  continued, 
mainly  devoted  to  the  profession, 
for  about  twenty  years.     In  1827 
he  was   appointed   Brigade-Major 
and  Inspector  of  the  49th  Brigade 
of  Militia,  and  for  ten  years  drilled 
and  inspected  six  large  regiments 
in    St.     Lawrence    and    Jefferson 
Counties;    February  27,  1830,  he 
was  appointed   Postmaster  of  Og 
densburg,    which    office    he    filled 
about  three  years;  in  1832  he  was 
a   member  of    the  first  Baltimore 
Convention,  which  nominated  Gen 
eral  Jackson  for  President ;  he  was 
elected,  in  November  of  that  year, 
to  Congress,  to  represent  St.  Law 
rence  and  Franklin  Counties,  and 
re-elected    in    1834,    and    served, 
while  in   Congress,  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Commerce  ;    in 
1837  he  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent   Yan  Buren,  a  Commissioner 
to  treat  with  the  Indian  tribes  in 
New  York,  and  continued  in  that 
service  until  March,  1839  ;  in  1840 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Baltimore 
Convention  which  re-nominated  Mr. 
Yan  Buren ;    he  then  engaged   in 
practicing  law,  and  continued  to  do 
so  until  1845,  when  President  Polk 
appointed    him    Register    of    the 
Treasury,  in  which  office  he  served 
until  May,  1847,  when  he  was  pro 
moted  to  the  office  of   Solicitor  of 
the  Treasury,    in   which    place  he 
continued  to  serve  until  the  autumn 
of  1849  ;  he  then  resumed  the  prac 


tice  of  law  in  New  York ;  February 
1,  1855,  he  became  Assistant  to 
the  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States,  and  continued  in  that  office 
until  he  resigned,  in  May,  1858  ; 
President  Buchanan  tendered  him 
the  place  of  Solicitor  of  the  Court  of 
Claims,  which  he  accepted,  and  is 
still  performing  the  duties  of  that 
office. 

GILLIS,  JAMES  L. 

Born  at  Hebron,  Washington 
County,  New  York,  October  2, 
1792.  He  received  a  common 
school  education ;  served  an  ap 
prenticeship  to  the  currying  and 
tanner's  trade;  during  the  cam 
paigns  of  1812  and  1813,  served 
as  a  volunteer  from  New  York ;  in 
1814  he  was  commissioned  a  lieute 
nant,  by  the  Governor  of  New  York, 
and  having  been  taken  prisoner  by 
the  British,  was  transported  to 
Halifax,  where  he  remained  until 
the  close  of  the  war ;  he  subse 
quently  returned  to  Ontario  County, 
and  established  himself  as  a  farmer ; 
in  1823  he  removed  to  Pennsylva 
nia;  in  1840  was  elected  to  the.  Le 
gislature  of  that  State;  in  1842 
was  appointed  one  of  the  Judges 
of  Jefferson  County;  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  in  1845;  re-elected  to 
the  Lower  House  in  1851;  and 
elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress;  serving  on 
the  Committee  on  Agriculture. 

GILLOX,  ALEXANDER. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1793  to  1794. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


LMI1 


OILMAN,  CHARLES  J. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  having  removed  to  Maine,  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  that 
State,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 

(ilL.MAX,  NICHOLAS. 

He  was  a  Delegate,  from  New 
Hampshire,  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress,  from  1786  to  1788;  after  the 
adoption  of  the  Constitution,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1789  to  1797;  and  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1805  to  1814. 
He  died  May  2,  1814,  aged  fifty- 
two  years. 

GILMER,  GEORGE  R. 

He  was  born  in  Wilkes  County, 
(now  Oglethorpe,)  Georgia,  April 
11,  1790.  He  received  an  academi 
cal  education,  but  did  not  enter  col 
lege,  on  account  of  ill  health.  He 
studied  law,  and  settled  in  Lexing 
ton,  Oglethorpe  County,  Georgia. 
In  1813,  as  first  lieutenant  of 
the  43d  Regiment,  United  States 
army,  he  participated  in  the  Creek 
war,  and  in  1818  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  his  profession. 
He  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature  in  1818,  1819,  and  1824; 
was  Governor  of  the  State  in  1828 
and  1837,  and  during  the  latter 
term  removed  the  Cherokee  Indians 
from  Georgia.  He  was  President 
of  the  Board  of  Presidential  Elec 
tors  in  1836;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1821  to 


1823,  from  1827  to  1829,  and  from 
183.3  to  1835.  He  was  also  a  Pre 
sidential  Elector  in  1836  and  1840, 
and  for  thirty  years  performed  the 
duties  of  trustee  of  the  Georgia 
College.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
book,  published  in  1855,  entitled 
Georgians,  which  contains  much 
useful  and  interesting  information 
touching  the  early  settlement  of  his 
native  State. 

GILMER,  JOHN  A. 

Born  in  Guilford  County,  North 
Carolina,  November  4,  1 805  ;  ac 
quired  a  good  English  education  at 
winter  schools,  working  on  a  farm 

;  and  in  the  shop  during  the  sum 
mers;  then  taught  a  school,  and 
thus  obtained  the  means  to  enter 

''  the  academy  at  Greensborough  for 
three  years,  and  became  a  good 
linguist  and  mathematician,  and 
taught  for  three  years  in  a  gram 
mar  school ;  afterwards  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1832. 
Was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate, 
from  184G  to  1856,  and  in  1857  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress ;  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Elec 
tions. 

GILMER,  THOMAS  W. 

He  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  in 
'  which  State  he  held  many  positions 
of  high  character,  was  a  Represen- 
l  tative  in  Congress,  from  1841  to 
;  1843,  and  was  Secretary  of  the 
!  Navy  under  President  Tyler.  He 
;  was  killed  by  the  accident  on  board 
!  the  United  States  steamer  Prince- 
i  ton,  February  28,  1844. 


202 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


GtLMORE,  ALFRED. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1853. 

GILMORE,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1829 
to  1833. 

GLASCOCK,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  soldier  and  statesman 
of  Georgia;  served  at  the  siege  of 
Savannah,  under  Count  Pulaski,  as 
lieutenant,  and  exhibited  great  skill 
and  bravery ;  he  was  appointed 
colonel  of  the  troops  ordered  out 
by  the  Legislature,  in  defence  of  the 
State  against  the  Indians,  on  the 
Western  frontier ;  and  was  after 
wards  elected  general  of  militia. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia,  from  1836  to 
1839,  and  highly  respected  for  his 
talents  and  character.  He  died  at 
Decatur,  Georgia,  May  9,  1841. 

GLASGOW,  HUGH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1813 
to  1817. 

GLEN,  HENRY. 

He  took  an  active  part  in  the 
revolutionary  war,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  from  New  York,  in 
Congress,  from  1793  to  1801.  He 
died  at  Schenectady  in  1814,  aged 
seventy-three  years. 


GODDARD  CALVIN. 

Born  in  Shrewsbury,  Massachu 
setts,  July  17,  1768  ;  and  graduated 
at  Dartmouth,  in  1786.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  Norwich, 
Connecticut,  in  1790,  and  settled  in 
Plainfield,  from  which  place  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Legislature,  for  nine  sessions,  during 
three  of  which  he  was  Speaker  of 
the  House.  He  removed  to  Nor 
wich,  in  1807.  From  1801  to  1805 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  and  from  1808  to  1815  he 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Council, 
and  from  1815  to  1818  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court.  He  was  States 
Attorney  for  the  County  of  New 
London  for  five  years,  and  Mayor 
of  Norwich  for  seventeen  years. 
He  died  at  Norwich,  May  2,  1842. 

GOGGIN,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Bedford  County,  Vir 
ginia,  May,  31,  1807  ;  received  an 
academic  education;  studied  law 
in  Winchester,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1828,  and  practiced  in 
several  of  the  Circuit  and  District 
courts  of  the  State.  In  183G  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature, 
and  in  1837  declined  a  re-election. 
In  1839  he  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  in  1841,  and  1843,  and  in 
1847,  being  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Post-offices  and  Post- 
roads,  during  his  last  term.  He 
was  afterwards  appointed  one  of 
the  Visitors  of  West  Point,  under 
the  administration  of  President 
Fillmore,  and  since  that  time  he 


B  100  RAP  ir  IOAL    SKETCHES. 


203 


has  pursued  his  profession,  in  con 
nection  with  agricultural  pursuits. 

GOLD,  THOMAS  R. 

He  was  a  native  of  Xew  York  ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  178G ; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate 
from  1797  to  1802;  a  member  of 
the  Assembly  in  1808  ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1809  to 
1813,  and  again  from  1815  to  1817. 
He  died  in  1826. 

GOLDSBOROUGH,  CHARLES  \V. 

He  was  Governor  of  the  State  of 
Maryland,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1805  to  1817.  He 
died  at  Shoal  Creek,  Maryland, 
December  13,  1834. 

GOLDSBOROLT.il,  ROBERT  II. 

He  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  from  Maryland,  from  1813 
to  1819,  and  again  from  1835  to 
1837.  He  died  at  New  Easton, 
Maryland,  October  5,  1836. 

GOUCH,  DANIEL  W. 

Born  in  Wells,  State  of  Maine, 
January,  1820.  He  graduated  at 
Dartmouth  in  1843;  studied  law 
and  commenced  the  practice  in 
Boston  ;  was  elected,  in  1852,  to 
the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts;  in 
1853  to  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  ;  and  subsequently,  a  Represen 
tative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress. 
He  has  also  been  elected  to  the- 
Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

GOODE,  PATRICK  G. 

He  was  born  in  Yirginia,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 


Congress,  from  1837  to  1843,  from 
Ohio. 

GOODE,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1799  to 
1801. 

GOODE,  WILLIAM  0. 

He  was  born  at  Inglewood, 
Mecklenburg  County,  Virginia,  Sep 
tember  16,  1798;  was  educated  at 
the  College  of  William  and  Mary  ; 
studied  law  and  commenced  the 
practice  in  1821  ;  he  was,  early  iu 
life,  elected  for  several  terms,  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature. 
He  was  a  member,  in  1829,  of  the 
State  Reform  Convention  of  Vir 
ginia ;  in  1832  he  was  again  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  the  debates  on 
slavery,  of  that  year ;  he  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1838  ; 
and  he  was  first  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  in  1841,  serving  until  1843. 
He  was  subsequently  again  elected 
to  the  Legislature,  and  was  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Delegates,  for  sev 
eral  sessions.  He  was  also  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Reform  Conven 
tion  of  1850,  and  was  chosen  Chair 
man  of  the  Legislative  Committe  ; 
and  he  was  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Delegates,  called  to  put  the  New 
Constitution  into  operation,  and 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Fi 
nance.  In  1853  he  was  again 

!  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  and  has  been 

;  regularly  re-elected  to  the  present 


204 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


time.     He  is  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  District  of  Columbia. 

GOODENOW,  JOHN  M. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1829  to 
1831. 

GOODENOW,  ROBERT. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and,  having  taken  up  his  residence 
in  Maine,  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1851  to  1853. 

GOODENOW,  RUFUS  K. 

Born  in  Henniker,  New  Hamp 
shire,  April  24,  1790,  but  removed 
with  his  father  to  Brownfield, 
Maine,  where  he  was  educated  in  a 
country  school.  He  was  a  farmer, 
and  for  many  years  a  common 
sailor.  He  entered  the  army  in 
1812,  as  captain  in  the  33d  Regi 
ment  of  United  States  infantry,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  until  1815. 
Upon  the  organization  of  a  State 
government,  he  was  appointed  clerk 
of  the  courts  for  Oxford  County, 
and  removed  to  Paris,  and  held  this 
office  sixteen  years.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature,  and  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1840,  and 
represented  his  District  in  the  Thir 
ty-first  Congress. 

GOODHUE,  BENJAMIN. 

Born  at  Salem,  Massachusetts, 
October  1,  1748;  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1766;  and 
received  literary  honors  from  Yale 


College  in  1804.  Early  in  life  he 
engaged  in  commercial  pursuits;  he 
was  a  Whig  during  the  Revolution, 
represented  his  native  county,  in 
the  State  Senate,  from  1784  to 
1789,  when  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  to  Congress  under  the 
new  constitution,  and,  assisted  by 
Mr.  Fitzsimmons,  of  Philadelphia, 
formed  our  code  of  revenue  laws, 
the  majority  of  which  have  never 
been  abrogated.  In  1796  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  and  became  distinguished  as 
a  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Commerce,  but  in  1800  he  resigned 
his  seat,  and  retired  from  public  life. 
He  died  at  Salem,  July  28,  1814. 

GOODRICH,  CIIAUNCEY. 

Born  at  Durham,  Connecticut, 
October  20,  1759 ;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1776,  with  a  high 
reputation  for  genius  and  acquire 
ments.  After  spending  several 
years  as  tutor  in  that  institution  he 
established  himself  as  lawyer  at 
Hartford,  and  soon  attained  to  emi 
nence  in  the  profession.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  the  Legislature  in 
1793,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1795  to  1801.  From 
1802  to  1807  was  a  Councillor  of 
the  State ;  and  he  was  elected 
United  States  Senator  from  1807  to 
1813.  He  received  the  office  of 
Mayor  of  Hartford  in  1812,  and  re 
signed  his  seat  in  Congress.  He 
was  appointed  Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor  of  the  State  in  1813.  He  died 
August  18,  1815. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


20.-) 


GOODRICH,  ELIZUR. 

He  was  one  of  the  very  few  sur 
vivors  among  the  men  who  figured 
in  public  life  under  the  administra 
tions  of  Washington  and  the  elder 
Adams.  He  belonged  to  the  Wash 
ington  school  of  Federalists,  and 
his  removal  from  the  office  of  Col 
lector  of  Customs,  at  New  Haven, 
immediately  on  the  accession  of 
Jefferson  to  the  Presidency,  gave 
occasion  to  the  famous  letter,  in 
which  Jefferson  avowed  his  princi 
ple  of  removal  for  political  opi 
nions.  Besides  being  honored  with 
various  offices  of  trust  and  respon 
sibility,  he  was  for  some  time  Pro 
fessor  of  Law  in  Yale  College,  and 
for  many  years. the  efficient  Mayor 
of  New  Haven.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Connec 
ticut,  from  1799  to  1801.  Died  in 
New  Haven,  November  1,  1849. 

GOODRICH,  JOHN  Z. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1851  to  1855,  from  his 
native  State. 

GOODWIN,  HENRY  C. 

Born  in  De  Ruyter,  Madison 
County,  New  York,  June  25,  1824, 
received  an  academic  education,  and 
studied  law,  having  been  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1840.  In  1847  he  was 
elected  District  Attorney  of  Madison 
County  and  held  the  office  three 
years.  He  was  a  Representative 
from  NewYork  to  the  second  session 
of  the  Thirty-third  Congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth, 


serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Claims. 

GOODWIN,  PETERSON. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
!  gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1803  to 
i  1808. 

GOODYEAR,  CHARLES. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 

•  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 

i  Assembly,  from  Schoharie  County, 

in   1840,  and  a  Representative  in 

|  Congress  from  1845  to  1847. 

GORDON,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  member,  for  seven 
i  years,  of  the  State  Senate  of  New 
York,  twelve  years  in  the  State  As 
sembly,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1791  to  1795. 

GORDON,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  served 

in  the  State  Assembly  in  1834,  and 

i  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 

from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843, 

and  again  from  1845  to  1847. 

GORDON,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard 
College  in  1779;  was  Attorney- 
General  for  the  State  of  New  Hamp 
shire  ;  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  Hampshire,  from  1797  to 
1800 ;  and  died  at  Boston,  in  May, 
1802,  aged  thirty-nine  years. 

GORDON,  WILLIAM  F. 

He  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1829  to  1835. 


206 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


GORE,  CHRISTOPHER. 

Graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1776 ;  Governor  of  Massachusetts 
under  the  Constitution  of  1780. 
He  settled  in  Boston  as  a  lawyer, 
and,  in  1789,  was  appointed  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  the  District  of 
Massachusetts,  under  the  new  Con 
stitution  of  the  United  States.  In 
1796  he  was  appointed  a  Commis 
sioner  under  the  fourth  article  of 
Jay's  Treaty.  This  appointment 
obliged  him  to  go  to  London,  where 
he  remained  eight  years,  during  the 
last  of  which  he  was  left  Charge 
d'Affaires.  He  was  again  chosen 
Governor  in  1809,  but  only  served 
one  term.  In  1813  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  of  the  United  States,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  until  1816, 
when  he  retired  to  private  life.  He 
died  in  1827,  aged  sixty-eight. 
Having  no  children,  Mr.  Gore  left  j 
valuable  bequests  to  the  American  ' 
Academy  and  the  Historical  So 
ciety,  of  which  he  was  a  member ; 
and  he  made  Harvard  College,  of 
which  institution  he  had  been  a 
Fellow  and  Trustee,  his  residuary 
legatee.  He  was  for  a  time  the 
legal  tutor  and  adviser  of  Daniel 
Webster. 

60RHAM,  BENJAMIN. 

He   was    born   in    Charlestown, 
Massachusetts,  February  13,  1775, 
and  died  in  Boston,  September  27, 
1855.    He  graduated  at  Cambridge 
in  1795,  studied  law  with  Theophi-  I 
lus  Parsons,  of  Newburyport,  and  j 
rose  to  eminence  at  the  bar  of  Bos 
ton.     He  was  a  Representative  in  ! 


Congress,  from  the  Suffolk  District, 
from  1820  to  1823,  from  1827  to 
1831,  and  from  1833  to  1835.  He 
was  afterwards,  for  a  short  time, 
member  of  the  State  Legislature, 
but  spent  the  closing  years  of  his 
life  in  retirement. 

GORMAN,  WILLIAM  A. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
having  removed  to  Indiana,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1853. 

GOTT,  DANIEL. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
on  removing  to  New  York,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1847  to  1851. 

GOULD,  HERMAN  D. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
having  taken  up  his  residence  in 
New  York,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1849  to  1851. 

GOURDIN,  THEODORE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1813  to  1815. 

GOVAN,  A.  R. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1822  to  1827. 

GRAHAM,  JAMES, 

Born  in  Lincoln  County,  North 
Carolina,  in  January,  1793.  He 
graduated  at  the  University  of  that 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


207 


State  in  1814;  studied  law,  and 
practiced  with  success  for  many 
years ;  served  four  years  in  the 
State  Legislature  ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1833 
to  1843,  and  from  1845  to  1847. 
He  spent  the  close  of  his  life  en 
gaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  and 
died  in  September,  1851. 

GRAHAM,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana,  from  1837  to 
1839. 

GRAHAM,  WILLIAM    A. 

Was  born  in  1800,  in  North  Ca 
rolina,  and  represented  that  State 
in  the  United  States  Senate  two 
years,  viz.,  from  1841  to  1843.  In 
August,  1844,  he  was  elected  Go 
vernor  of  the  State,  to  which  office 
he  was  re-elected  in  1846,  retiring 
at  the  expiration  of  his  second 
term,  in  January,  1840.  He  was 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  under  Presi 
dent  Fillmore,  and  subsequently, 
candidate  for  Vice-President  on  the 
ticket  with  General  Scott. 

GRANGER,  AMOS  P. 

He  was  born  in  Suffield,  Hart 
ford  County,  Connecticut,  in  June, 
1789;  received  a  common  school 
education;  has  devoted  the  most  of 
his  life  to  farming  and  merchandis 
ing;  and  having  removed  to  New 
York,  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Territories. 


GRANGER,  FRANCIS. 

He  was  born  in  Suflield,  Hart 
ford  County,  Connecticut,  in  1787  ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1811 ; 
and,  on  removing  to  New  York, 
was  for  five  years,  from  182<>,  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
that  State.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1835  to  1837,  and  again  from 
1839  to  1841,  when  he  resigned,  to 
receive  from  President  Harrison  the 
appointment  of  Postmaster-Gene 
ral.  Since  that  time  he  has  lived 
in  retirement. 

GRANT,  ABRAHAM  P. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 

!  was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 

from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1839. 

GRANTLAND,  SEATON. 

He    was   born  in   Virginia,   and 
'  having  taken  up  his  residence  near 
|  Millcdgeville,  in  Georgia,  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative   in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1835  to  1839. 
He  was  also  a  Presidential  Elector. 

GRAVES,  WILLIAM  J. 

He  represented  the  State  of  Ken 
tucky  in  Congress,  from  1835  to 
1841,  and  died  at  Louisville,  Sep 
tember  27,  1848,  aged  forty-three 
years. 

GRAY,  EDWIN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1799  to 
1813. 


208 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


GRAY,  HIRAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1831 
to  1839. 

GRAY,  JOHN  C. 

He  was  born  in  Southampton 
County,  Virginia,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1820  to  1821. 

GRAYSON,  WILLIAM. 
"Was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  a 
member  of  the  Continental  Con 
gress.  In  1788  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  of  Virginia  which 
assembled  to  consider  the  Constitu 
tion  of  the  United  States,  and  made  ; 
himself  conspicuous  both  by  his  ta 
lents,  and  his  union  with  Henry  in 
opposing  the  adoption  of  the  Con 
stitution.  From  1789  to  1790  he 
was  a  Senator  of  the  United  States, 
and  died  at  Dumfries,  while  on  his 
way  to  the  seat  of  Government, 
March  12,  1790. 

GRAYSON,  WILLIAM  I. 
He  is  a  native  of  Beaufort,  South 
Carolina;  graduated  at  the  South 
Carolina  College  in  1809;  was  bred 
to  the  legal  profession;  was  a  Com 
missioner  in  equity  of  South  Caro 
lina  ;  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature  ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1833  to  1837;  and 
by  President  Taylor  he  was  ap 
pointed  Collector  of  the  Customs  at 
Charleston.  Of  late  years  he  has 
devoted  himself  to  planting.  In 
1856  he  published  "The  Hireling 
and  the  Slave,"  "Chicora,  and  other 
Poems." 


GREELEY,  HORACE. 

Was  born  at  Amherst,  in  New 
Hampshire,  February  3, 1811.  Un 
til  the  age  of  fourteen,  he  attended 
a  common  school  in  his  native 
State.  About  that  time,  his  pa 
rents  having  removed  to  the  State 
of  Vermont,  Horace,  who  had  early 
shown  a  fondness  for  reading,  espe 
cially  newspapers,  and  had  resolved 
to  be  a  printer,  endeavored  to  find 
employment  as  an  apprentice  in  a 
printing-office  in  Whitehall,  but 
without  success.  He  afterwards 
applied  at  the  office  of  the  North 
ern  Spectator,  in  Pultney,  Ver 
mont,  where  his  services  were  ac 
cepted,  and  where  he  remained  un 
til  1830,  when  the  paper  was  dis 
continued,  and  he  returned  to  work 
on  his  father's  farm.  During  the 
following  year  he  arrived  in  the 
City  of  New  York,  where  he  ob 
tained  work  as  a  journeyman  prin 
ter,  and  was  employed  in  various 
offices,  with  occasional  intervals, 
for  the  next  eighteen  months.  In 
1834,  in  connection  with  Jonas 
Winchester,  he  started  The  Rew- 
Yorker,  a  weekly  journal  of  litera 
ture  and  general  intelligence,  and 
became  its  editor.  After  struggling 
on  for  several  years,  the  journal  was 
abandoned.  During  its  existence, 
Mr.  Greeley  published  several  poli 
tical  campaign  papers  :  The  Con 
stitution,  The  Jeffersonian,  and 
the  Log  Cabin.  In  1841  he 
commenced  the  publication  of  the 
New  York  Tribune.  In  1848 
he  was  chosen  to  fill  a  vacancy  in 
the  Thirtieth  Congress,  and  served 


]}  i  o  G  R  A  P  H  i  c  A  L    SKETCHES. 


209 


through  the  short  term  preceding 
President  Taylor's  inauguration. 
In  1$51  he  visited  Europe,  and  was 
chosen  chairman  of  one  of  the  juries 
at  the  World's  Fair.  He  gave  an 
account  of  his  travels  in  a  series 
of  letters  to  the  Tribune,  which 
were  afterwards  collected  into  a 
volume,  lie  has  also  published  a 
collection  of  his  addresses,  essays, 
etc.,  under  the  title  of  "Hints 
toward  Reforms." 

GREEN,  BYRAM. 

lie  was  born  in  New  York ; 
served  five  years  in  the  Assembly 
of  that  State ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1843  to 
1845. 

GREEN,  FREDERICK  W. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
having  removed  to  Ohio,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1851  to  1855. 

GREEN,  I.  L. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1781 ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1805  to  1809,  and  again  from  1811 
to  1813.  He  died  in  1841. 

GREEN,  INNIS. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1827 
to  1831. 

GREEN,  JAMES  S. 
He  was  born  in  Fauquier  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  February   28,   1817; 
14 


and  in  183G,  with  no  fortune  but  a 
common  English  education,  he  re 
moved  to  Alabama,  where  he  re 
mained  one  year,  and  then  took  up 
his  residence  in  Missouri,  with  which 
State  he  has  since  been  identified. 
After  many  struggles  with  the 
world,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1840,  and  soon  thereafter  entered 
upon  a  lucrative  practice.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  held  in 
1845  for  the  revision  of  the  Consti 
tution  of  Missouri ;  and  was  elected 
a  member  of  Congress  in  1846, 
serving  through  two  terms.  He 
argued  a  boundary  dispute  case  in 
the  Supreme  Court,  by  appointment 
of  the  Governor  of  Missouri ;  and 
in  1849  took  the  stump  against  the 
late  Hon.  Thomas  H.  Benton.  In 
1853  President  Pierce  appointed 
him  to  be  Charge"  d'Affaires,  and 
subsequently  Minister-Resident  at 
Bogota,  New  Grenada.  He  was 
again  elected  a  member  of  Congress 
in  185G,  but  before  taking  his  seat 
he  was  chosen  by  the  Legislature 
to  represent  the  State  of  Missouri 
in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States, 
which  position  he  still  occupies. 
During  the  first  session  of  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  the 
Judiciary  and  on  Territories,  and 
at  the  commencement  of  the  second 
session  of  that  Congress,  he  was 
chosen  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Territories. 

GREEN,  WILLIS. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1845. 


210 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


GREENE,  ALBERT  C. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
from  Rhode  Island,  from  1845  to 
1851,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Private  Laud  Claims. 

GREENE,  RAY. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1784;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ilhode  Island,  from  1797 
to  1801. 

GREENE,  THOMAS  M. 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
from  the  Territory  of  Mississippi, 
from  1802  to  1803. 

GREENUP,  CHRISTOPHER. 

He  was  Governor  of  Kentucky 
from  1804  to  1808;  was  a  patriot 
of  the  American  Revolution,  and 
participated  in  the  perils  of  the  war. 
He  was  at  various  times  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  of  Kentucky,  and 
a  Representative  of  that  State  in 
Congress,  from  1792  to  1797.  He 
was  a  man  of  great  usefulness  in  his 
native  State,  and  died  at  Frankfort, 
Kentucky,  April  24,  1818. 

GREENWOOD,  A.  B. 

Born  in  Franklin  County,  Geor 
gia,  July  11,  1811  ;  graduated  at 
Athens,  Georgia;  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession ;  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Ar 
kansas  from  1842  to  1845.  He  was 
Prosecuting  Attorney  from  1845  to 
1851 ;  Circuit  Judge  from  1851  to 
1853  ;  and  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  from  1853  to  1858, 
serving  a  portion  of  the  time  as 


Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  In 
dian  Affairs. 

GREGG,  ANDREW. 

Born  in  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania, 
June  10,  1755  ;  he  received  a  good 
classical  education,  and  for  several 
years  was  tutor  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania.  In  1783  he  opened 
a  country  store  in  Midclletown, 
Dauphin  County,  whence  he  re 
moved,  in  1789,  to  a  wilderness  val 
ley,  where  he  commenced  agricultu 
ral  pursuits.  In  1 7  90  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  serving  from  1791  to 
1807,  and  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  from  1807  to  1813.  In  1814 
he  removed  to  Bellefonte,  and  in 
1816  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of 
State  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  re 
markable  for  a  sound  and  discrimi 
nating  mind,  agreeable  and  dignified 
manners,  and  performed  his  duties 
with  talent  and  integrity.  He  died 
at  Bellefonte,  May  20,  1835. 

GREGG,  JAMES  M. 

Born  in  Patrick  County,  Virgi 
nia,  June  2G,  180G.  He  received 
only  a  common  school  education, 
and  was  bred  a  practical  farmer, 
but  studied  the  profession  of  law ; 
and  in  1830,  he  settled  in  Hendrick 
County,  Indiana.  From  1834  to 
1837  he  was  County  Surveyor, 
and  then  chosen  Clerk  of  the  Cir 
cuit  Court,  serving  till  1845.  He 
was  elected  a  Representative  of 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Expenditures 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


211 


GREGORY,  DUDLEY  S. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  was  ' 
at  one  time  engaged  in  the  iron 
business  among  the  Adirondack 
Mountains  of  New  York,  and  hav 
ing  settled  in  Xew  Jersey,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1st 7 
to  1849. 

GREIG,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1842. 

GRENNELL,  GEORGE,  JR. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts ; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College 
in  1808  ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1829  to  1839. 

GREY,  BENJAMIN  E. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1855. 

GRIDER,  HENRY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  his  native 
State,  from  1843  to  1847. 

GRIFFIN.  ISAAC. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1813 

to  1817. 

GRIFFIN,  JOHN  K. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1831  to  1841,  and  died  at  Milton, 
South  Carolina,  August  1,  1841. 


GRIFFIN,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1789  to 
1795. 

GRIFFIX,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1803  to 
1805. 

GRIXNELL,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  Xew  Bedford, 
Massachusetts,  November  17,  1788. 
His  early  education  was  received 
at  private  schools  and  was  moulded 
in  view  of  a  mercantile  life ;  he 
commenced  business  in  New  York 
as  a  commission  merchant  in  1809, 
and  continued  there  until  1829  ;  for 
five  years  being  connected  with 
John  H.  Howland,  eleven  years 
with  Preserved  Fish,  and  four  years 
with  his  brothers,  Moses  II.  and 
Henry  Grinnell ;  in  1829  he  retired 
from  the  New  York  concern,  and 
visited  Europe;  on  his  return,  he 
settled  in  his  native  place,  devoting 
himself  to  commerce  generally,  and 
especially  to  the  whale  fishery; 
among  the  laborious  positions  which 
he  has  long  held  in  New  Bedford, 
are  those  of  President  of  the  Marine 
Bank,  of  the  New  Bedford  and 
Taunton  Railroad,  and  of  the  Wam- 
sutta  Cotton  Mill.  In  1839,  1840, 
and  1841,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Governor's  Council  of  Massachu 
setts;  he  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  to  Congress  in  1843,  and 
was  three  times  re-elected,  serving 
on  the  Post-office  and  Commerce 
Committees,  and  originating  the 


212 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


idea  of  a  reduction  of  postage  and 
the  establishment  of  life-boats.  In 
deed,  so  great  was  Mr.  Grinnell's 
influence  on  the  floor  of  Congress, 
as  every  measure  he  proposed 
seemed  to  succeed,  he  was  play 
fully  designated  by  his  friends  as 
one  of  the  most  dangerous  men  in 
the  House. 

GRINNELL,  MOSES  II. 

Born  in  New  Bedford,  Massa 
chusetts,  March  3,  1 803  ;  was  edu 
cated  at  private  schools,  and  at 
Friend's  Academy ;  was  bred  a 
merchant,  and  frequently  went 
abroad  as  supercargo;  and  he  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1839  to  1841. 
Moses  II.,  Henry  Grinnell,  and 
Robert  B.  Minturn,  are  the  gentle 
men  composing  the  distinguished 
firm  of  Grinnell,  Minturn  &  Co., 
the  house  taking  that  title  in  1829, 
though  in  reality  founded  many 
years  before  by  Joseph  Grinnell 
and  Preserved  Fish. 

GRISWOLD,  GAYLOED. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  17 Hi ;  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Assembly,  from  1790 
to  1198;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1803  to  1805  ;  and  died  in  1809. 

GRISWOLD,  ROGER. 

Born  in  Lyme,  Connecticut,  May 
21,  1762  ;  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1780,  and  studied  law. 
From  1795  to  1805  he  was  a  Rep 


resentative  in  Congress,  from  Con 
necticut.  In  1801  he  declined  the 
appointment  of  Secretary  of  War, 
offered  him  by  President  Adams,  a 
few  days  previous  to  the  accession 
of  President  Jefferson.  In  1807  he 
was  chosen  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State ;  was  Lieuten ant- 
Governor  from  1809  to  1811,  and 
then  elected  Governor ;  while  hold 
ing  that  office,  he  refused  to  place 
four  companies  under  General  Dear 
born,  at  the  requisition  of  the  Pre 
sident,  for  garrison  purposes,  deem 
ing  the  requisition  unconstitutional, 
as  they  were  not  wanted  to  "repel 
invasion,"  etc.  He  died  in  1812. 

GRISWOLD,   STANLEY. 

Born  in  Torringford,  Connecti 
cut,  November,  1768;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1786;  and  was  a 
clergyman.  In  1804  he  became  the 
editor  of  a  Democratic  paper  in 
Walpole,  New  Hampshire,  but  soon 
after  was  appointed,  by  President 
Jefferson,  Secretary  of  the  Territory 
of  Michigan.  He  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Ohio,  in  1809  ;  and 
United  States  Judge  for  the  North 
western  Territory.  He  died  at 
Shawneetown,  Illinois,  August  21, 
1814. 

GROESBECK,  WILLIAM  S. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ;  and 
having  taken  up  his  residence  in 
Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Foreign  Affairs. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


213 


GROSS,  EZRA  C. 

He  was  born  in  Windsor  County, 
Vermont ;  graduated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Vermont  in  180G ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1810  to  1821;  and 
was  elected  to  the  Assembly  of  that 
State  in  1828  and  1829,  but  died 
before  the  close  of  his  second  term. 

GROSS,   SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  native  of  Montgomery 
County,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1819  to  1823. 

GROSVENOR,  THOMAS  P. 

Born  in  Pomfret,  Connecticut,  in 
1180,  and  died  April  25, 1817.  lie 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1800  ; 
and,  after  studying  law,  removed  to 
New  York ;  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  Legislature  of  that 
State,  and  was  elected  to  Congress 
as  a  Representative,  serving  from 
1813  to  1817. 

GROUT,  JONATHAN. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1789  to  1791. 

GROVE,  WILLIAM  B. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1791  to  1803. 

GROVER,  MARTIN. 

lie  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1847. 


(JROW,  GALUSHA  A. 

Born  in  Ashford,Windham  Coun 
ty,  Connecticut,  August  31,  1823; 
was  educated  at  Amherst  College, 
graduating  in  1844 ;  adopted  the 
law  as  a  profession,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1847  ;  and  having 
settled  among  the  mountains  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  his  health,  in 
1850,  being  delicate,  he  amused 
himself  by  surveying  wild  lands 
and  rafting  ;  and  in  1850  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  where  he  still  continues, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Territories  and  Public 
Printing.  When  Mr.  Banks  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives,  Mr.  Grow  was  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Territories  ;  and 
during  one  of  the  recesses  of  Con 
gress,  he  visited  Europe.  He  has 
been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

GRUNDY,   FELIX. 

Born  in  Virginia,  September  11, 
1770;  he  removed  with  his  father 
to  Kentucky,  and  was  educated  at 
Bardstown  Academy  ;  studied  law, 
and  soon  became  distinguished  at 
the  bar.  He  commenced  his  public 
career  at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  as 
a  member  of  the  Convention  for  re 
vising  the  Constitution  of  Kentucky ; 
was  afterwards,  for  six  or  seven 
years,  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
of  that  State.  In  1806  he  was 
elected  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Kentucky,  and 
was  soon  after  Chief  Justice.  In 
1807  he  removed  to  Nashville, 


214 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Tennessee,  and  became  eminent  as 
a  lawyer.  From  1811  to  1814  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  and  during  several 
years  after  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  that  State.  From 
1829  to  1838  he  was  United  States 
Senator,  and  in  the  latter  year  was 
appointed,  by  Prisident  Van  Buren, 
Attorney- General  of  the  United 
States;  in  1840  he  resigned  this 
position,  and  was  again  elected  Se 
nator.  He  died  at  Nashville,  Ten 
nessee,  December  19,  1840. 

GUNN,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States  from  Georgia,  from  1*789  to 
1801,  and  died  in  Louisville,  in 
that  State,  July  30,  1801. 

GUELEY,  HENRY  II. 

He  was  born  in  Lebanon,  Con 
necticut,  in  178*7 ;  was  educated  at 
Williamstown  College  ;  studied  law, 
and  settled  at  an  early  day  in  Lou 
isiana;  and  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1823  to  1831.  He  previously 
held  the  office  of  United  States 
Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  Lou 
isiana,  and  died  in  1832. 

GUSTINE,  AMOS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1841 
to  1843,  and  died  in  Lost  Creek 
Valley,  Pennsylvania,  March  3, 
1844. 

GUYON,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Richmond  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  in  1*777  ;  represented 


Staten  Island,  in  the  Legislature  of 
New  York,  a  number  of  years,  and 
was  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
1819  to  1821.  He  died  on  Staten 
Island,  March  8,  1846. 

GWIN,  WILLIAM  M. 

Born  in  Sumner  County,  Ten 
nessee,  October  9,  1805  ;  graduated 
at  Transylvania  University,  Lexing 
ton,  Kentucky,  and  studied  medicine 
as  a  profession;  he  was  appointed 
United  States  Marshal  for  Missis 
sippi  ;  and  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
serving  from  1841  to  1843.  He  was 
Commissioner  of  Public  Buildings  to 
superintend  the  erection  of  the  New 
Orleans  Custom-house ;  a  member 
of  the  Convention  for  framing  the 
Constitution  of  California,  and  was 
one  of  the  first  United  States  Sena 
tors  from  that  State,  having  been 
elected,  in  1850,  for  six  years,  and 
re-elected  in  1856,  for  the  term 
which  expires  in  1861.  He  is 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Finance  and  on 
Post-offices  and  Post-roads. 

HABERSIIAM,  RICHARD  W. 

He  was  born  in  Savannah,  Geor 
gia,  in  1786,  and  was  educated  at 
Nassau  Hall,  New  Jersey,  where  he 
graduated  in  1805.  He  distinguish 
ed  himself  as  a  lawyer,  and  occu 
pied  many  stations  of  trust  in  his 
native  State,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1839  to 
1843,  where  he  commanded  great 
respect  for  his  political  integrity 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


215 


and  gentlemanly  character.  Tie  died 
in  Ihibersham  County,  Georgia, 
December  '2,  1S44. 

IIACKKT,  THOMAS  C. 

lie  was  born  in  Georgia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1849  to  1851,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Indian  A  flairs. 

IIACKLEY,  AARON. 

Born  in  New  Haven,  Connecti 
cut,  and  was  a  member  of  the  New  i 
York  Legislature  in  1814,  1815, 
and  1818,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1819  to  1821. 

IIAILE,  WILLIAM, 
lie  was  born  in  1797,  and  died  at  • 
Woodville,    Mississippi,    March   7, 
1837.     He  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  from  Mississippi,  from  1820 
to  1828. 

HALE,  ARTEMAS. 
Born  in  Winchendon,  Worcester  j 
County,  Massachusetts,  October  20,  ; 
1783,  and  pursued  the  occupation  : 
of  a  farmer  until  twenty- one  years  j 
of  age,  having  received  only  a  com 
mon  school  education.     He  was  a 
teacher  in  Kinghara  for  ten  years,  i 
and  then  removed  to  Bridgewater, 
where  lie  engaged  in  manufactur 
ing.     He  was  a  Representative  in 
the  Legislature  for   several  years, 
and  a  State  Senator  in  1833  and 
1834.     In  1853  he  was  a  member 
of  the    State   Constitutional  Con 
vention,  and   a   Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1845  to  1849. 


HALE,  JOHN  T. 

Born  in  Rochester,  Station! 
County,  New  Hampshire,  March 
31,  1800.  After  preparing  himself 
at  Exeter  Academy,  he  entered 
Bowdoin  College,  and  graduated 
in  1827.  He  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1830;  in 
1832  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  in  1834  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Jackson,  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  New  Hampshire, 
and  reappointed  by  President  Van 
Buren ;  in  1843  lie  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress;  in  1840 
he  was  again  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  and  chosen  Speaker; 
in  1847  he  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  and  after  serving  until 
1853,  devoted  himself  for  two  years 
to  his  profession,  and  was  re-elected 
in  1855  to  the  United  States  Se 
nate,  and  still  continues  to  hold  the 
position,  serving  as  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Naval  Affairs, 
on  Post  offices  and  Post-roads,  and 
that  to  Examine  the  Condition  of 
the  Banks. 

HALE,  SELMA. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1817  to  1819. 

HALE,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  influ 
ential  men  of  New  Hampshire,  and 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  1809 
to  1811,  and  again  from  1813  to 
1817.  Died  at  Dover,  November 
8,  1848,  aged  eighty-four  years. 


216 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


HALEY,  ELISHA. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1835  to  1839. 

HALL,  AUGUSTUS. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Iowa,  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  Congress. 

HALL,  BOLLING. 

He  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  Georgia,  from  1811  to  181? ; 
died  near  Montgomery,  Alabama, 
March  25,  1836,  aged  sixty-seven 
years. 

HALL,  GEORGE. 

He  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Con 
necticut;  was  a  member  of  the  As 
sembly  of  ISTew  York  in  1816,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1819  to  1821. 

HALL,  IIILAND. 

He  was  born  in  Bennington,  Yer- 
mont,  July  20,  1795.  He  spent  his 
boyhood  on  his  father's  farm,  re 
ceiving,  as  he  could,  a  good  English 
education;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1819;  in 
1827  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  afterwards,  for 
several  years,  was  States  Attorney ; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Yermont,  from  1833 
to  1843,  officiating  for  several  ses 
sions  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Revolutionary  Claims.  He  was 
also  Bank  Commissioner  for  Yer 
mont,  from  1843  to  1846;  four 


years  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court ; 
in  1850  Second  Comptroller  of  the 
Treasury;  and  in  1851  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Fillmore, 
Land  Commissioner  for  California, 
where  he  remained  until  1854.  He 
is  now  residing  on  the  farm  where 
he  was  born. 

HALL,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  Essex  County, 
Massachusetts,  June  26,  1793;  re 
ceived  a  limited  education;  after 
leaving  Andover  Academy,  went  to 
Maine,  and  was  a  clerk  in  a  store  until 
twenty-one  years  of  age  ;  served  as 
a  lieutenant  of  militia  in  1813-14; 
from  1817  until  1819  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits ;  was  sheriff 
of  two  counties  for  twelve  years ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1833  to 
1837,  having  been  the  first  Northern 
man  who  voted  against  receiving 
slavery  petitions.  Before  entering 
Congress  he  was  for  four  years 
Postmaster  of  Camclen,  Maine ; 
and,  by  President  Polk,  was  ap 
pointed  Navy  Agent  of  Boston  in 
1849.  He  has  since  been  connected 
with  the  Boston  Custom-house. 

HALL,  LAWRENCE  W. 

He  was  born  in  Lake   County, 

Ohio,  in  1819;  was  educated  in  that 

State;    graduated   at   Hudson    in 

1839;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 

j  1843;  practiced  his  profession  un- 

i  til  1851,  when  he  was  elected  Judge 

of  the  Court  of    Common   Pleas, 

s  which  position  he  held  until  1856, 

j  when  he  was  elected  a  Representa- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


217 


tive,  from  Ohio,  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress.  lie  is  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Agriculture  and  on 
Public  Buildings  and  Grounds. 

HALL,  NATHAN  K. 

Born  March  28,  1810,  at  Mar- 
cellus,  Onondago  County,  New 
York.  He  read  law  in  the  office  of 
Mr.  (afterwards  President)  Fill- 
more,  and  became  his  partner  in 
the  practice  of  their  profession,  at 
Buffalo,  Eric  County,  New  York, 
in  1832.  He  has  held  different  ad 
ministration  and  judicial  offices  in 
his  native  State,  served  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1847  to  1849.  On  Mr.  Fill- 
more 's  accession  to  the  Presidency, 
in  July,  1850,  he  was  appointed  to 
the  office  of  Postmaster-General. 

HALL,  OBED. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1811  to  1813. 

HALL,  ROBERT  B. 

Born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts, 
January  28,  1812;    was  educated  j 
for  the  ministry;  was  a  member  of  | 
the  Massachusetts  Senate  in  1855  ;  ! 
and,  having  been  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress,  in  that  year,  was  re-elected 
to    the    Thirty-fifth    Congress    in  | 
1857,  where   he   continues   at   the 
present  time;  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Pensions. 


HALL,  THOMAS  II. 

Born  in  Edgecombe  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  1773;  was  edu 
cated  for  the  medical  profession, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1817  to  1825,  and  again 
from  1827  to  1835.  In  183G  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate,  and  voted  against  the  re 
ception  of  any  of  the  surplus  reve 
nue  of  the  United  States  Treasury, 
by  the  State  of  North  Carolina. 
He  died  in  Tarborough,  June  30, 
1853. 

HALL,  WILLAUD. 
He  was  born  in  Westford,  Mas 
sachusetts,  December  24,  1780; 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1799;  he  studied  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1803;  he  re 
moved  to  Delaware  and  practiced 
his  profession  there;  in  1811  he 
was  elected  Secretary  of  State,  in 
Delaware,  and  held  that  office  three 
years ;  he  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress  in  1810,  and  re- 
elected  in  1818  ;  he  was  again  Se 
cretary  of  State  in  1821 ;  iu  1S22 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature ;  and 
in  1823,  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Monroe,  District  Judge  of  the 
United  States  for  Delaware;  in 
1829  he  revised  the  State  Laws  of 
Delaware,  and  in  1831  he  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention. 

HALL,  WILLARD  P. 
He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  on 
taking  up  his  residence  in  Missouri, 
was   elected   a   Representative    in 
Congress,  from  1847  to  1853. 


218 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


HALL,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  It 74,  and  died  in 
Sumner  County,  Tennessee,  in 
October,  1856.  He  was  a  general 
of  militia  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from 
1831  to  1833. 

IIALLOCK,  JOHN,  JR. 

lie  was  a  member  of  the  Assem 
bly  of  New  York  State,  from  Orange 
County,  in  1816  and  1817,  and  from 
1820  to  1821,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1825  to  1829. 

HALLOWAY,  RANSOM. 

A  Representative  in  Congress 
from  the  Eighth  Congressional  Dis 
trict  of  New  York,  from  1849  to 
1851.  He  died  in  Mount  Pleasant, 
Prince  George  County,  Maryland, 
April  6,  1851. 

HALM,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1815  to  1817. 

IIALSEY,  JEHIEL  II. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Senate  from  1832  to  1835, 
having  previously  been  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1829  to  1831. 

HALSEY,  NICOLL. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly,  from  Tompkins 
County,  in  1824,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1833  to  1835. 


HALSEY,  SILAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1805 
to  1807,  and  having  previously  been 
in  the  Assembly  of  that  State  for 
several  years,  was  subsequently,  for 
one  year,  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate. 

HALSTEAD,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to 
1839,  and  again  from  1841  to  1843. 

HA.MER,  THOMAS  L. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1833  to 
1839,  and  died  at  Monterey,  Mexi 
co,  while  serving  in  the  war,  De 
cember  3,  1846. 

HAMILTON,  JAMES. 

Born  in  Charleston,  South  Ca 
rolina,  in  1789,  was  liberally  edu 
cated,  and  adopted  the  law  as  a 
profession.  In  1812  he  served  with 
distinction  on  the  Canadian  fron 
tier  ;  was  for  several  years  Mayor 
of  Charleston  ;  in  1823  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature ;  and  from 
that  position  was  transferred  to  the 
National  House  of  Representa 
tives,  where  he  remained  until  1829. 
He  was  subsequently  chosen  Gover 
nor  of  South  Carolina,  and,  becom 
ing  interested  in  the  Republic  of 
Texas,  helped  to  promote  her  inde 
pendence,  and  went  to  Europe  as 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  from  that 
Republic.  He  did  much  to  pro 
mote  the  interests  of  his  native 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


219 


city  and  State,  and  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Southern  Quarterly 
Review,  and  also  of  the  Bank  of 
Charleston.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  a  Senator  elect  in  Congress, 
but  was  drowned  on  his  passage  to 
Texas,  November  15,  1857,  by  a  col 
lision  between  the  steamers  Galves- 
ton  and  Opelousas,  having  been  a 
passenger  on  board  the  latter 
steamer. 

HAMILTON,  JOHN. 

lie  was  at  one  time  High  Sheriff 
of  Washington  County,  Pennsylva 
nia,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1805 
to  1807.  He  died  at  home,  August 
31,  1837,  aged  thirty-four  years. 

HAMILTON,  WILLIAM  T. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1855. 

HAMINS,  DAVID. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

HAMLIN,  EDWARD  S. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1844  to 
1845. 

II  AM  LIN,   HANNIBAL. 

Born  in  Paris,  Oxford  County, 
Maine,  August  27,  1809;  is  a  law 
yer  by  profession ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Maine  Legislature  from  183G, 
to  1840 ;  and  Speaker  of  the  House 
in  1837,  1839,  1840;  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Twenty- 


eighth  Congress,  and  re-elected  to 
the  Twenty-ninth  Congress  ;  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1847;  and  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  May  20,  1848,  for 
four  years,  to  fill  a  vacancy  occa 
sioned  by  the  decease  of  John  Fair- 
field.  He  was  re-elected  for  six  years, 
July  25,  1851,  and  elected  Governor 
of  Maine,  January  7, 1857,  resigning 
his  seat  in  the  Senate  and  being  in 
augurated  Governor  the  same  day. 
On  the  sixteenth  of  the  same  month, 
was  re-elected  United  States  Sena 
tor  for  six  years,  and  resigned  the 
office  of  Governor,  February  20, 
1857.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Commerce,  and  on 
the  District  of  Columbia. 

II  AM  MET,  WILLIAM  J. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia  ;  studied 
divinity  ;  was  Chaplain  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia  when  he  finished 
his  education ;  was  at  one  time 
Chaplain  of  Congress ;  and  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress,  from  Mis 
sissippi,  from  1843  to  1845. 

HAMMOND,  EDWAKD. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congr 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1853. 

HAMMOND,  JAKE/  I). 

lie  was  a  lawyer  and  popular 
political  writer  of  New  York  ;  did 
not  receive  a  collegiate  education, 
but  Union  College  conferred  on  him 
the  degree  of  A.M.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 


220 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


New  York,  from  1815  to  1817,  and 
on  the  expiration  of  his  term,  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  of 
which  he  was  a  member  until  1821. 
He  visited  Europe,  in  1830,  to  re 
store  his  health.  He  was  elected 
County  Judge  in  1838,  and  about 
that  time  commenced  his  "  Political 
History  of  the  State  of  New  York." 
In  1845  he  was  elected  to  succeed 
Mr.  Van  Buren  as  a  Regent  of  the 
University  of  New  York,  and  held 
the  office  until  his  death.  After 
his  return  from  Europe,  having 
withdrawn  in  a  great  measure  from 
public  and  professional  life,  he  de 
voted  himself  to  literary  pursuits, 
and  published  works  entitled  "  Ju 
lius  Melbourn,"  "  The  Political 
History  of  New  York,"  and  the 
"Life  and  Times  of  Silas  Wright." 
He  died  August  18,  1855,  in  Cherry 
Valley,  New  York,  his  place  of 
residence. 

HAMMOND,  JAMES  H. 

Born  in  Newbury  District,  South 
Carolina,  November  15,  1807  ; 
graduated  at  the  State  College,  Co 
lumbia  ;  practiced  law  from  1 828  to 
1830  ;  was  editor  of  the  Southern 
Times ;  served  his  native  State  in 
Congress,  from  1835  to  1837  ; 
after  which  he  visited  Europe  for  his 
health.  In  1841  he  was  appointed 
a  general  of  militia ;  and  in  1842 
elected  Governor  of  South  Carolina. 
After  spending  about  fifteen  years 
in  the  quiet  enjoyment  of  his  plan 
tation,  on  the  Savannah  River,  de 
voting  himself  to  agricultural  and 
literary  pursuits,  he  was,  in  Novem 


ber,  1857,  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  where  he  still  con 
tinues. 

HAMMOND,  ROBERT  II. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837 
to  1841. 

HAMMOND,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  Richmond  County,  Vir 
ginia,  in  1757  ;  received  as  good 
an  education  as  the  country  afforded 
at  the  time ;  when  quite  young  he 
volunteered  in  an  expedition  against 
the  Indians  under  Governor  Dun- 
more,  and  acquired  distinction  at 
the  battle  of  the  Kanawha ;  when  the 
Revolution  broke  out  he  displayed 
great  bravery  and  ability  at  the 
battle  of  Long  Bridge,  at  the  siege 
of  Savannah, where  he  was  made  As 
sistant  Quartermaster ;  at  the  bat 
tle  of  Black  Stocks,  where  he  had 
three  horses  shot  from  under  him, 
and  was  wounded  ;  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Council  of  Capitulation 
at  Charleston;  was  at  the  battle  of 
King's  Mountain ;  he  was  also  at 
the  siege  of  Augusta ;  at  the  battle 
of  Cowpens  ;  the  battle  of  Eutaw, 
where  he  was  again  badly  wounded. 
After  the  war  he  settled  at  Savan 
nah,  and  held  many  positions  of 
trust  and  honor  ;  in  1793  he  headed 
a  volunteer  corps,  and  did  good 
service  in  the  Creek  country ;  served 
a  number  of  years  in  the  State 
Legislature ;  and  he  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1803  to 
1805.  He  was  also  appointed,  by 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


221 


President  Jefferson,  Military  and 
Civil  Commandant  of  Upper  Loui 
siana  ;  he  was  one  of  the  early 
Governors  of  Georgia;  and  Re 
ceiver  of  Public  Money  in  that 
State.  In  1824  he  returned  to 
South  Carolina,  and  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  of  that  State  ;  was 
appointed  Surveyor-General ;  and 
in  1S31  Secretary  of  State.  I  It- 
retired  from  public  life  in  1835,  and 
died  soon  after,  leaving  behind 
a  brilliant  reputation,  both  as  a 
patriot  and  a  man. 

HAMMONS,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1829  to  1833;  and  died  at  Farm- 
ington,  in  that  State,  April,  183G. 

HAMPTON,  JAMES  G. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey  ; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1835  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  his  native  State, 
from  1845  to  1849. 

HAMPTON,  MOSES. 

Born  in  Beaver  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  October  28,  1803,  but  re 
moved,  with  his  father,  to  Trumbull 
County,  Ohio,  so  that  his  opportu 
nities  for  even  a  common  school 
education  were  limited  ;  he,  how 
ever,  by  his  own  exertions,  obtained 
a  classical  education,  and  graduated 
at  Washington  College,  Pennsyl 
vania.  He  studied  law  at  Union- 
town,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1829,  and  commenced  to  practice 
in  Somerset,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
remained  until  1838,  and  then  went 


to  Pittsburg,  and  pursued  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession.  From  1847 
to  1851,  he  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  and  declined  a  re-elec 
tion.  In  1853,  he  was  elected 
President  Judge  of  the  District 
Court  for  Alleghany  County,  and 
still  holds  that  office. 

HAMPTON,  WADE. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina 
in  1755  ;  he  took  an  active  part  in 
the  war  of  the  Revolution;  com 
manded  a  brigade  in  1812  on  the 
Northern  frontier;  he  spent  the 
larger  part  of  his  life  engaged  in 
agricultural  pursuits,  by  which  he 
amassed  a  very  large  fortune,  hav 
ing  been  called  the  richest  planter 
in  the  United  States ;  and  he  died 
at  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  Feb- 
uary  4,  1834. 

HANCOCK,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1793  to 
1797. 

HAND,  AUGUSTUS  C. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  of  New  York,  from  Essex 
County,  from  1845  to  1848,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1839  to  1841.  His  native  State 
was  Yermont. 

HANNA,  JOHN  A. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1 797 
to  1805. 

i  HANNA,  ROBERT. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Indiana 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1816  ; 


222 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


a  general  of  militia ;  was  for  many 
years  in  the  State  Legislature ;  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  In 
diana,  by  appointment,  from  1831 
to  1832;  took  an  active  part  for 
many  years  in  the  public  affairs  of 
his  State;  and  was  killed  by  the 
cars,  while  walking  on  the  track  of 
a  railroad  at  Indianapolis,  Novem 
ber  19,  1858. 

HANNEGAN,  EDWARD  A. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  but  spent 
his  boyhood  in  Kentucky,  received 
a  good  education,  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  his 
twenty-third  year,  settling  in  In 
diana.  He  was  frequently  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Indiana,  from  1833  to  1837,  and  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1843  to 
1849,  officiating  a  part  of  the  time 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Roads  and  Canals,  and  on  Enrolled 
Bills.  On  his  retirement  from  the 
Senate,  he  was  appointed  Minister 
to  Prussia,  and  on  his  return  from 
Europe,  took  up  his  residence  in 
Missouri. 

HANSON,  ALEXANDER  CONTEE. 

He  was  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  at  one  time  edited  a  political 
newspaper  called  the  Federal  Re- 
publican,  at  Georgetown,  District 
of  Columbia.  He  was  a  bitter  op 
ponent  of  the  administration,  and 
in  1812  published  an  article,  which 
so  irritated  the  populace,  that  his 
printing-office  was  destroyed.  He 
resolved  to  re-issue  the  paper,  and 


took  possession  of  a  house  for  that 
purpose,  supported  by  several  poli 
tical  friends,  well  armed  ;  the  paper 
appeared  next  morning  with  an  ar 
ticle  against  the  people  and  police 
of  Baltimore,  and  in  the  evening 
the  house  was  attacked  by  a  mob 
from  that  city,  which  was,  however, 
repelled ;  but  Mr.  Hanson  and  his 
friends  were  obliged  to  surrender  to 
the  civil  authorities,  for  security, 
and  were  conducted  to  jail.  That 
building  was  also  attacked,  and  he 
was  thrown  in  front  of  the  jail,  with 
others,  and  left  by  the  mob,  sup 
posed  to  be  dead.  He  afterwards 
removed  to  Baltimore,  and  in  that 
year  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  serving  from  1813  to 
1816,  when  he  was  elected  a,  Sena 
tor  of  the  LTnited  States.  He  died 
at  Belmont,  April  23,  1819,  aged 
thirty-three  years. 

HARD,  GIDEON. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1833 
to  1831,  and  a  Senator  from  that 
State,  from  1842  to  1847. 

HARALSON,  HUGH  A. 

Born  in  Greene  County,  Georgia, 
November  13,  1805.  He  graduated 
at  the  University  of  Georgia  in 
1825,  and  adopted  the  law  as  a  pro 
fession,  having,  by  an  act  of  the 
Legislature,  been  permitted  to  prac 
tice  before  he  was  twenty-one.  He 
was  for  many  years  a  member  of 
the  Georgia  Legislature,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1843 
to  1851.  He  died  at  home  in  Oc- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


tober,  1854.  ITc  also  participated 
in  the  military  affairs  of  the  State, 
and  was  a  major-general  of  militia  ; 
and  when  in  Congress,  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Military 
Affairs. 

IIAUDIX,  BENMAMIN. 

lie  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1815  to  1817,  from 
1819  to  1823,  and  again  from  1833 
to  1837,  and  died  at  Bardstown, 
Kentucky,  September  24,  1852. 

IIAUDIX,  JOIIX  J. 
He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
having    removed    to    Illinois,    was 
elected   a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1843  to  1845. 

HAUDIN,  MARTIN  D. 

He  was  born  on  the  Mononga- 
hela  River,  Western  Pennsylvania, 
June  21,  1780.  He  was  educated 
chiefly  at  Transylvania  Seminary, 
in  Kentucky  ;  studied  law ;  served 
for  several  years  in  the  Legislature 
of  Kentucky ;  was  at  one  time  Se 
cretary  of  State  for  Kentucky;' 
served  in  the  Northwestern  army  as 
a  major ;  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  during  the  years  1816 
and  1817.  lie  had  a  superior 
mind,  and  as  a  lawyer  was  emi 
nently  successful.  lie  died  in 
Franklin  County,  Kentucky,  Octo 
ber  8,  1823. 

HARLAN,  AAHOX. 

He  was  born  in  Warren  County, 
Ohio,  September  8,  1802;  received 


a  good  English  education;  adopted 
the  profession  of  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1825  ;  in  1831 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  and  in  1838  and 
1839  was  elected  to  the  State  Se 
nate  ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in 
1844  from  Ohio  ;  in  184'.)  was  again 
elected  to  the  State  Senate ;  in  1850 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Consti 
tutional  Convention;  and  in  1852 
he  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  Ohio,  where  he  has 
continued  to  serve  the  people  of  his 
native  district  to  the  present  time. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Private  Land  Claims. 

IIARLAX,  AXDIIEW  J. 

lie  was  born  in  Chester,  Clinton 
County,  Ohio,  March  29,  1815;  re 
ceived  a  limited  education  ;  studied 
law,  but  abandoned  the  practice  for 
politics  ;  in  1842  he  was  elected 
Clerk  of  the  Indiana  House  of  Re 
presentatives  ;  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  in  184G,  1847,  and 
1848  ;  and  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Indiana, 
from  1849  to  1851,  and  again  from 
1853  to  1855. 

HAULAX,  JAMES. 

Born  in  Mercer  County,  Kentucky, 
June  22,  1800;  received  a  good 
English  education,  and  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  from  1817  to 
1821.  He  then  commenced  the 
study  of  the  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1823.  In  1829  he 
was  appointed  Prosecuting  Attor 
ney  for  the  Circuit  in  which  he  re 
sided,  and  held  the  office  four  years. 


224 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


In  1835  he  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  to  Congress  from  Kentucky, 
and  in  1837  he  was  re-elected ; 
during  the  last  session  he  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  for  Investi 
gating  Defalcations.  From  1840 
to  1844  he  was  Secretary  of  State 
of  Kentucky.  In  1845  he  was 
elected  to  the  lower  branch  of  the 
Legislature ;  and  in  1850  he  was 
appointed  Attorney-General  of  that 
State,  which  office  he  now  holds. 

HARLAN,  JAMES. 

Born  in  Clark  County,  Illinois, 
August  2G,  1820  ;  graduated  at  In 
diana  University  in  1845;  a  lawyer 
by  profession  ;  was  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction  in  the  State 
of  Iowa  in  1847 ;  President  of  Iowa 
Wesleyan  University  in  1843  ;  and 
was  elected  a  United  States  Senator 
in  1854,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Public  Lands  and 
on  Engrossed  Bills. 

HARMANSON,  JOHN  H. 

Born  in  Norfolk,  Virginia,  in 
January,  1803  He  was  educated 
at  Jefferson  College,  Mississippi, 
and  having  removed  to  Louisiana, 
devoted  himself  first  to  one  of  the 
mechanic  arts,  then  to  law,  and  after 
wards  to  agriculture.  He  served  in 
the  State  Senate  in  1844  ;  and  was 
elected  to  the  National  House  of 
Representatives  in  1845,  and  re- 
elected  in  1847  and  1849,  ever  keep 
ing  a  watchful  eye  upon  the  interests 
of  his  adopted  State,  and  proposed 
in  Congress  a  project  to  secure  a 
grant  from  the  United  States  to 


Louisiana,  of  all  the  submerged 
lands  in  that  State,  with  a  view  to 
their  redemption  from  that  condi 
tion,  and  thus  promoting  the  public 
health.  He  died  in  New  Orleans, 
October  25,  1850. 

HARPER,  ALEXANDER, 

He  was  born  in  Ireland,  and 
having  emigrated  to  Ohio,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1837  to  1839,  from  1843 
to  1847,  and  again  from  1851  to 
1853. 

HARPER,  FRANCIS  J. 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  Con 
gress  from  Pennsylvania,  but  died 
before  taking  his  seat,  March  18, 
1837,  aged  thirty-eight  years. 

HARPER,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Ireland,  and 
having  emigrated  to  Pennsylvania, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1833  to  1837. 

HARPER,  JOHN  A. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1811  to  1813. 

HARPER,  JOSEPH  M. 

Born  in  Limerick,  Maine,  June 
21,  1787;  commenced  active  life  by 
working  on  his  father's  farm  in  sum 
mer  and  going  to  the  district  school 
in  winter ;  he  was  also  at  the  Frye- 
burg  Academy,  and  taught  school ; 
he  studied  medicine  and  law,  and 
practiced  both  professions ;  he  was 
a  judge,  at  one  time,  of  the  United 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


225 


States  District  Court  of  Maine ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1831  to 
1835.  He  is  now  the  President 
of  the  Mechanics'  Bank,  Con 
cord. 

HARPER,  ROBERT  G. 

He  was   born   near  Fredericks- 
burg,    Virginia,    in    1765;    was    a 
graduate   of  Princeton  College  in 
1785,    and   for  a    time    a   teacher  j 
in    that   institution ;    removing   to 
Charleston,     South    Carolina,    he 
studied  law  and  was   admitted  to 
the  bar  of  that  State;    he  was  a 
leading  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  South  Carolina,  from  1794  to 
1801;  he  subsequently  removed  to 
Baltimore,    Maryland,    and  was   a 
Senator    in    Congress,   from    that 
State,   during  the  years  1815  and 
181G;  in  1819  he  visited  Europe, 
and,  on  his  return,  devoted  himself 
to  the  cause   of  the   Colonization 
Society,  and   to   literary   pursuits, 
publishing  a  number  of  interesting 
addresses  and  papers,  which  were 
subsequently  collected  in  a  volume. 
He  served  with  credit  in  the  war  of 
1812,  having  attained  the  rank  of 
major-general.     He  died  suddenly, 
January  15,  182o,  having  been  en 
gaged   the   preceding   day   in   the 
Circuit  Court. 

HARPER,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina  ;  graduated  at  the  South  Caro 
lina  College  in  1808 ;  adopted  the 
profession  of  law ;  served  in  the 
State  Legislature,  and  was  elected 
15 


Speaker  of  the  Lower  House.  He 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
South  Carolina,  during  the  year 
1826,  and  was  appointed  Chancel 
lor  of  that  State  in  1835;  he  was 
an  eminent  jurist,  and  died  October 
10,  1847. 

HARRIS,  ISIIAM  G. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1853. 

MAURIS,  J.  MORRISON. 

Born  in  the  City  of  Baltimore,  in 
1821 ;  was  educated  at  La  Fayette 
College,  Pennsylvania,  and  studied 
law,  being  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1843.  He  was  a  Presidential  Elec 
tor  in  1848,  and  in  1855  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Maryland, 
in  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and 
returned  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress  in  1857,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Mileage. 

HARRIS,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1807  to  1809. 

HARRIS,   MARK. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  during  the  years 
1822  and  1823. 

HARRIS,  ROBERT. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1823 
to  1827. 


226 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


HARRIS,  SAMPSON   W. 

Born  in  Elbert  County,  Georgia, 
February   23,    1809,    and   died   in  j 
Washington   City,   April  1,   1851.  I 
He  graduated  at  Franklin  College 
in  1828;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law ;  served  one  term  in  the  Geor-  \ 
gia  Legislature,  and  then  removed  ! 
to   Alabama.     He   was   there   ap 
pointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  for 
the    State;    and   in    1847   he   was  ", 
elected  a   Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Alabama,  where  he  con 
tinued  until  his  death 

HARRIS,  THOMAS  K. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1813 
to  1815. 

HARRIS,  THOMAS  L. 

He  was  born  in  Norwich,  Con 
necticut,  October  29,  1816  ;  gradu 
ated  at  Trinity  College,  Hartford,  in 
1841 ;  studied  law,  in  Connecticut, 
with  Governor  Isaac  Toucey ;  was  j 
admitted  to  the  bar,  in  Virginia,  in  j 
1842,  and  during  that  year  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion  in  Petersburg,  Menard  County, 
Illinois.  In  1845  he  was  chosen 
School  Commissioner  for  his  coun 
ty,  and  in  1846  he  raised  and  com 
manded  a  company,  and  joined  the 
4th  Regiment  of  Illinois  Volunteers 
to  serve  in  the  war  with  Mexico ; 
he  was  afterwards  elected  major  of 
the  regiment,  and,  owing  to  the 
sickness  of  his  superior  officers,  was 
chief  in  command  during  most  of 
the  campaign.  He  was  at  the  tak 
ing  of  Vera  Cruz,  and  served  in 


the  navy  battery  with  a  detachment 
during  the  day  of  its  terrible  fire  ; 
was  also  at  Cerro  Gordo,  and  after 
the  wounding  of  General  Shields, 
took  command  of  the  regiment, 
and  was  honorably  mentioned  in 
Government  dispatches,  for  placing 
a  twenty-four-pounder  battering 
cannon  on  the  heights  of  Cerro 
Gordo,  during  the  night  preceding 
the  battle.  While  absent  in  the 
army,  in  1846,  he  was  elected  a  Se 
nator  in  the  Illinois  Legislature, 
and  in  1848  was  chosen  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress,  serving 
through  the  Thirty-first,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress  ;  during  his  second  term  he 
officiated  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Elections.  He  took  a 
special  interest  in  the  late  election 
in  Illinois,  when  he  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress  ;  and 
it  is  supposed  that  owing  to  his  de 
clining  health,  the  efforts  he  made 
to  attend  the  polls  were  the  more 
immediate  cause  of  his  death,  which 
occurred  at  Springfield,  Illinois, 
November  24,  1858.  His  disease 
was  pulmonary  consumption. 

HARRIS,  WILEY  P. 

He  was  born  in  Mississippi,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

HARRIS,  WILLIAM  A. 

He  was  born  in  Fauquier  County, 
Virginia,  August  8,  1805  ;  received 
a  classical  education ;  he  adopted 
the  profession  of  law,  and  practiced 
it  for  ten  years ;  he  was  twice  elect- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


227 


ed  to  the  Legislature  of  Virginia  ;   j 
and   he  was   a   Representative   in   j 
Congress,  from  1841  to  1843.     He   j 
was  editor,  for  several  years,  of  a 
journal   called  the  Spectator,  and 
subsequently  of  the   Constitution; 
and  in  1845  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Polk,  Charge  d'Affairesto 
Buenos  Ayres,  where  he  remained 
until  1851.     After  the  election  of 
Mr.  Buchanan  to  the   Presidency, 
he  became  the  editor  and  proprietor 
of  the   Washington  Union;  which 
continued  in  his  possession  until  he 
was  elected  Printer  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  which  is  his  present 
official  position. 

HARUISON,  ALBERT  G. 
He  was  a  native  of  Kentucky  ;  a 
lawyer  by  profession  ;  and  a  mem 
ber   of  Congress,   from    Missouri, 
-  from  1835   to  1839.     He  died  at 
Fulton,    Missouri,    September    7, 
1839,  highly  esteemed. 

HARRISON,  CARTER   B. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1793  to 
1799. 

HARRISON,  JOHN  S. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1857. 

HARRISON,  S.  S. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1833  to 
1837. 


HARRISON,  WILLIAM  HENRY. 

Was  born  in  Charles  County, 
Virginia,  February  9,  1773;  was 
educated  at  Hampden  Sydney  Col 
lege,  and  afterwards  studied  me 
dicine.  He  received,  from  Wash 
ington,  a  millitary  commission  in 

1791,  and  fought  under  Wayne  in 

1792.  After  the  battle  of  Miami 
Rapids,  he  was  made  captain,  and 
placed  in  command  of  Fort  Wash 
ington.     In  1797  he  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  the  Northwest  Terri 
tory;  and  in  1799  and  1800  he  was 
a  Delegate  to  Congress.    Being  ap 
pointed  Governor  of  Indiana,  he  was 
also  Superintendent  of  Indian  Af- 

!  fairs,  and  negotiated  thirteen  trea- 
I  ties.     He  gained  a  great  victory  in 
!  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe,  Novem 
ber  7, 1811.     In  the  war  with  Great 
Britain,  he  was  commander  of  the 
Northwest  army,  and  was  distin 
guished    in   the   defence   of    Fort 
Meigs,    and    the    victory    of   the 
Thames.     From  181(>  to  1819,  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio  ;  and  from  1825  to  1828, 
United   States   Senator.     In  1828 
he  was  Minister  to  the  Republic  of 
Colombia ;  and  on  his  return  he  re 
sided  upon  his  farm,  at  North  Bend, 
Ohio.      In    1840   he   was    elected 
i  President  of  the  United  States,  by 
i  234  votes  out  of  294,  and  inaugura 
ted  March  4,  1841.     He  died  in  the 
Presidential  mansion,  April  4, 1841. 

HART,  EMANUEL  B. 
Born  in  New  York  City,  October 
29, 1811;  entered  early  upon  a  mer 
cantile   occupation;    went    to   the 


228 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Spanish  Main  as  a  supercargo ;  and 
settled  in  New  Y"ork  as  a  commis 
sion  merchant ;  served  for  a  time  in 
the  Board  of  Aldermen  ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1851 
to  1853  ;  he  was  at  one  time  a  lieu 
tenant-colonel  of  the  State  militia  ; 
and  was  appointed,  by  President 
Buchanan,  Surveyor  of  the  port  of 
New  York.  Mr.  Hart  has  also  fre 
quently  been  a  member  of  the  State 
and  National  Conventions  of  the 
Democratic  party. 

HARTLEY,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Reading,  Penn 
sylvania;  served  in  the  revolutionary 
war  as  a  colonel  from  1776  to  1779; 
was  a  lawyer  of  eminence ;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1789  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  at  York, 
Pennsylvania,  in  1800. 

HARVEY,  JONATHAN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1825  to  1831,  and  during  his  last 
term  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Commerce. 

HARVEY,  MATTHEW. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1821  to  1825. 

HASBROUCK,  ABRAHAM. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly,  from  Ulster  County,  in 
1781  and  1782,  and  again  in  1811 ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1813  to  1815;  and  State  Se 
nator  in  1822. 


HASBROUCK,  ABRAHAM  B. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1810;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1825  to  1827. 

HASBROUCK,  JOSIAII. 

He  was  for  four  years  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Assembly,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1803  to  1805,  and 
again  from  1817  to  1819. 

HASCALL,  AUGUSTUS  P. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

HASKELL,  WILLIAM  T. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  law ;  he 
commanded,  as  colonel,  a  regiment 
of  Tennessee  volunteers,  in  the  late 
war  with  Mexico,  having  distin 
guished  himself  at  Medelin  and  at 
Cerro  Gordo ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Ten 
nessee,  from  1847  to  1849. 

HASKINS,  JOHN  B. 

Born  at  Fordham,  Westchester 
County,  New  York,  August  7, 
1821 ;  educated  at  a  public  school 
in  New  York  City;  he  was  a  law 
yer  by  profession ;  held  several  im 
portant  city  offices  from  1846  to 
1856,  and  was  then  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  officiating  as  Chairman 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


229 


of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures 
in  the  Navy  Department. 

HASTINGS,  GEORGE. 

He  was  horn  in  Clinton,  Oneida 
County,  New  York,  March  13, 
1807  ;  graduated  at  Hamilton  Col 
lege  in  1S26;  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1830;  he 
was  District  Attorney  for  Oneida 
County  nine  years;  and  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1853  to  1855. 
Late  in  the  latter  year  he  was  elect 
ed  Judge  for  Livingston  County, 
which  office  he  now  holds. 

HASTINGS,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1839  to 
1843,  and  died  at  Columbus,  De 
cember  29,  1854. 

HASTINGS,  L.  CLINTON. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Iowa,  from  1846  to 
1847. 

HASTINGS.  SETH. 

He  graduated  at  Harvard    Uni 
versity  in   1782;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Massachu- 
*  setts,  from  1801  to  1807;  and  died 
in  1831. 

HASTINGS,  WILLIAM  SODEN. 

He  was  frequently  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837 
to  1842.  He  died  at  the  Sulphur 
Springs,  Virginia,  June  17,  1842. 


HATCH,  ISRAEL  T. 

He  was  born  in  New  York  ;  was 
a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  that 
State,  in  1852  ;  and  elected  a  Re 
presentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Coraraitte  on  the  Militia,  and  as 
member  of  the  Committee  on  En 
graving. 

HATHAWAY,   S.  G. 

He  was,  for  three  years,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Assembly  of  New  York, 
one  year  a  State  Senator,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1833  to  1835. 

HATHORN,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  of  New  York  in  1787;  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1789  to  1791,  and 
again  from  1795  to  1797  ;  and  was 
again  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in 
1804. 

HAVEN,  JONATHAN  N. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1777,  and  was  for  nine  years  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assem 
bly,  from  Suffolk  County,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1795 
to  1799,  the  year  of  his  death. 

HAVEN,  NATHANIEL  A. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  Hamp 
shire  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1779;  was  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1809  to  1811,  and  died  March, 
1831,  aged  sixty-nine  years. 


230 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


HAVEN,  SOLOMON  G. 

He  was  bora  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State  from  1851  to  1857. 

II AWES,  ALBERT  G. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1831  to 
1837,  and  died  in  Davis  County, 
Kentucky,  April  14,  1849. 

HAWES,  AYLETT. 

Was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1811  to 
1817.  He  was  a  physician  by  pro 
fession,  and  died  in  Culpepper 
County,  Virginia,  April,  1834. 

HAWES,  RICHARD. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
having  removed  to  Kentucky,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that-State,  from  1837  to 
1841. 

HAWKINS,  BENJAMIN. 

Born  in  Yates  County,  North 
Carolina,  August  15,  1754;  was 
educated  at  Princeton  College ;  and 
was  an  excellent  French  scholar, 
which  occasioned  his  becoming  a 
personal  friend  of  Washington,  that 
he  might  act  as  interpreter  in  his 
intercourse  with  the  French  officers 
of  his  army.  He  was  with  him  at 
the  battle  of  Monmouth.  In  1780 
he  was  chosen  Commercial  Agent 
by  the  Legislature  of  North  Caro 
lina;  and  from  1781  to  1784,  and 
from  1786  to  1787,  he  was  a  Dele 
gate  in  the  First  Congress ;  and  as 
a  Senator  of  the  "United  States,  un 


der  the  Constitution,  from  North 
Carolina,  he  served  from  1789  to 
1795;  and  having  been  appointed, 
by  Washington,  Agent  for  Superin 
tending  all  the  Indians  south  of  the 
Ohio,  he  retained  that  office  until 
his  death, — having  tendered  his  re 
signation,  without  its  being  accept 
ed,  to  each  successive  President, 
from  1796  to  1816.  He  was  a 
man  of  superior  abilities  and  lofty 
character,  and  left  behind  him  some 
valuable  writings  on  "Topogra 
phy,"  and  "  Indian  Character."  He 
died  June  6,  1816. 

HAWKINS,  GEORGE  S. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and, 
having  become  a  citizen  of  Florida, 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  that 
State,  serving  on  the  Committees 
on  Private  Land  Claims,  and  on 
Naval  Affairs. 

HAWKINS,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1821 
to  1823. 

HAWKINS,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1829  • 
to  1831. 

HAWKINS,  JOSEPH  W. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1814  to 
1815. 

HAWKINS,  M.  T. 

He  entered  public  life,  in  1819, 
as  a  member  of  the  House  of  Com- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


231 


mons  of  North  Carolina;  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate  from 
1823  to  1827;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  North  Caro 
lina,  from  1S31  to  1841.  He 
served  again  in  the  State  Senate  in 
184G.  He  was  also  at  one  time  a 
general  of  militia. 

HAWS,  J.  II.  HOBART. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853.  ; 

FIAY,  ANDREW   K. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and,  having  become  a  resident  of 
New  Jersey,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1849  to 
1851. 

HAYDEN,   MOSES. 

lie  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  State  Senate  in  1829  and  1830, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1823  to  1827. 

HAYMOXD,  THOMAS  S. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 

HAYNE,  ARTHUR  P. 

He  was  born  in  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  March  12,  1790,  received 
a  good  education,  and  commenced 
active  life  in  a  counting-house.  He 
early  formed  an  attachment  for 
military  life,  and,  on  entering  the 
army,  rendered  good  service  dur 
ing  the  last  war  with  England,  at 
Sacket's  Harbor,  as  first  lieutenant ; 


on  the  St.  Lawrence,  as  major  of 
cavalry;  in  the  Creek  Nation,  as 
inspector-general,  and  also  at  the 
storming  of  Pensacola,  and  at  New 
Orleans.  After  the  war  he  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Pennsylvania.  During  the  Florida 
war  he  was  again  called  into  the 
field,  and  had  command  of  the  Ten 
nessee  Volunteers,  and  he  retired 
from  the  army  in  1820.  He  sub 
sequently  served  in  the  Legislature 
of  South  Carolina,  and  was  chosen 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1832,  vot 
ing  for  Jackson;  and  he  was  ap 
pointed  to  a  seat  in  the  United 
States  Senate,  from  South  Carolina, 
in  May,  1858,  in  the  place  of  Se 
nator  Evans. 

HAYNE,  ROBERT  Y. 

He  was  born  near  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  November  10, 1 791 ; 
his  early  advantages  for  education 
were  limited ;  he  studied  law  with 
Langdon  Cheves,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  before  he  was  twenty- 
one  years  of  age,  attaining  a  high 
rank  as  a  lawyer.  In  the  war  of 
1812  he  held  the  commission  of 
lieutenant.  In  1814  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  and  in 
1818  Speaker,  and  was  also  At 
torney-General  of  the  State.  He 
was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  in  1823,  and  continued  there 
until  1832.  In  1832,  as  a  member 
of  the  "Union  and  State  Rights 
Convention"  of  South  Carolina,  he 
reported  the  ordinance  of  Nullifica 
tion,  and  was  soon  afterwards  elect 
ed  Governor  of  the  State.  He  was 


232 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


subsequently  Mayor  of  Charleston, 
and  President  of  the  Charleston, 
Louisville,  and  Cincinnati  Railroad 
Company.  He  died  at  Ashville, 
North  Carolina,  September  24,1839. 
His  abilities  were  of  a  high  order, 
and  he  acquired  distinction  by  his 
participation  in  a  debate  in  the 
Senate  with  Daniel  Webster. 

HAYNES,  CHARLES  E. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  from  1825  to  1829,  and 
again  from  1835  to  1839. 

HAYS,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 

HAYS,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

HAYWOOD,  WILLIAM  H.,  JR. 

Born  in  Wake  County,  North 
Carolina,  in  1801 ;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  in 
1819  ;  studied  law  ;  entered  public 
life  as  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Commons  in  1834,  continuing  there 
three  years;  in  1836  was  Speaker 
of  the  House;  and  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1843  to  1845. 

HAZARD,  NATHANIEL. 

He  was  born  in  Newport,  Rhode 
Island,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1819  to  1821. 


HAZELTINE,  ABNER. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1829  and  1830, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1837. 

HEALEY,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1825  to  1829,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Claims. 

HEATH,  JAMES  P. 

He  was  born  in  Delaware,  De 
cember  21,  1777.  In  1799  he  was 
appointed  a  lieutenant  in  the  regi 
ment  of  artillerists  and  engineers, 
which  he  resigned  in  1802  ;  he  was 
Register  in  Chancery,  at  Annapo 
lis,  at  the  commencement  of  the 
war  of  181 2  ;  he  served  through  the 
whole  war  as  aid-de-camp  to  Ge 
neral  Winder;  in  1838  he  was 
wrecked  on  the  steamer  Pulaski, 
and  spent  five  days  and  nights 
afloat  upon  a  piece  of  the  wreck ; 
when  nineteen  years  of  age  he 
fought  a  duel  with  John  Knight, 
and  received  a  ball  which  never  left 
him ;  and  he  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Maryland,  from 
1833  to  1835,  serving  as  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 
He  died  in  Georgetown,  June  12, 
1854. 

HEATH,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1793  to 
1797. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


233 


HEBART,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
having  settled  in  Vermont,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1853. 

HEISTER,  DANIEL. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1789  to  17 9G,  and,  for  another  term, 
from  1809  to  1811.  He  also  served 
in  Congress,  from  Maryland,  from 
1801  to  1804. 

HEISTER,  JOHN. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,    from     Pennsylvania,     from 
1807  to  1809. 

HEISTER,  JOSEPH. 
He  was  born  at  Reading,  Penn 
sylvania,  November  18,  1752;  was 
a  general  in  the  revolutionary  war, 
having  organized  a  company  at  his 
own  expense,  which  fought  on  Long 
Island,  where  he  was  wounded  and 
taken  prisoner.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Pennsylvania  Le 
gislature  soon  after  the  close  of  the 
war,  and  served  for  several  years ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  formed  the  State  Constitu 
tion,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1797  to 
1805,  and  again  from  1815  to  1820. 
He  was  Governor  from  1820  to 
1823,  and  died  at  Reading,  June 
10,  1832. 

HEISTER,  WILLIAM. 
He  was,  for  many  years,  an  ac 
tive  politician  and  a  leader  of  the 


Anti-Masonic  party.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  to  revise 
the  Constitution  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1831  to  1837. 
He  died  October  14,  1853,  in  Penn 
sylvania,  aged  sixty-two  years 

HELMS,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  an  officer  in  the  revolu 
tionary  army  ;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  Jersey,  from 
1801  to  1811  ;  and,  removing  to 
Tennessee,  died  there  at  an  ad 
vanced  age. 

HEMPIIILL,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  Delaware  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  leading 
member  of  the  old  Federal  party ;  he 
was  a  Representative  of  Pennsylva 
nia  in  Congress,  from  1801  to  1803, 
again  from  1819  to  1827,  and  from 
1829  to  1831.  He  distinguished 
himself  particularly  by  a  speech  on 
the  Judiciary  Bill  in  1801 ;  and  was 
for  some  time  Judge  of  the  District 
Court  of  Philadelphia.  He  died  in 
Philadelphia,  May  29,  1842,  aged 
seventy-two  years. 

HEMPSTEAD,  EDWARD. 

He  was  born  near  New  London, 
Connecticut;  was  educated  for  the 
bar,  and  became  distinguished  as  a 
lawyer;  he  removed  to  "Upper 
Louisiana  three  years  after  its  ces 
sion  to  the  Union,  and  was  the  first 
Delegate  to  Congress,  from  the 
western  side  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  representing  Missouri  Terri 
tory  from  1811  to  1814. 


234 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


HENDERSON,  ARCHIBALD. 

Born  in  Granville  County,  North 
Carolina,  August  7,  1768,  and  died 
October  21,  1822.     He   was   edu 
cated  in  his  native  county,  studied 
law,  and  rose  to  a  high  position  at 
the  bar  of  his  State.     He  was  a 
Representative   in  Congress,  from  I 
North  Carolina,  from  1799  to  1803  ;  j 
and   subsequently    elected    to    the 
General  Assembly  for  several  terms,  i 
His  learning  was  extensive,  and  his  j 
character  as  a  man  above  reproach,   j 

HENDERSON,  BENNETT  H. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1815  to 
1817. 

HENDERSON,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  lawyer  by  profession ; 
a  general  of  militia  in  Mississippi ; 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  Missis 
sippi,  from  1839  to  1845;  and,  dur 
ing  the  latter  part  of  his  life,  prac 
ticed  his  profession  in  Louisiana. 
He  died  at  Pass  Christian  in  1857, 
aged  sixty-two  years. 

HENDERSON,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1837. 

HENDERSON,  J.  PINCKNEY, 

Born  in  Lincoln  County,  North 
Carolina,  March  31,  1808.  He  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education  but  did 
not  graduate,  and  adopted  the  law 
as  a  profession,  first  visiting  Cuba 
for  his  health,  and  settling  in  Mis 


sissippi.  He  emigrated  to  Texas 
in  1836,  and  his  first  civil  office  was 
that  of  Attorney- General  of  the 
Republic  of  Texas,  having  been  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Houston,  in 
1836;  in  1837  he  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  State  of  the  Republic ; 
soon  afterwards  Minister  Plenipo 
tentiary  to  England  and  France, 
clothed  with  the  additional  powers 
of  Commissioner  to  solicit  the  re 
cognition  of  the  Indpendence  of 
Texas ;  in  1838  he  made  a  commer 
cial  arrangement  with  England,  and 
in  1839  a  commercial  treaty  with 
France  ;  in  1844  he  was  appointed 
a  Special  Minister  to  the  United 
States,  which  mission  resulted  in  the 
annexation  of  Texas;  in  1845  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  Constitution  of  the  State 
of  Texas ;  in  November,  of  the 
same  year,  was  elected  Governor  of 
the  State ;  and  when  the  Mexican 
war  broke  out,  in  1846,  as  Gover 
nor  of  the  State,  and  by  permission 
of  the  Legislature,  he  took  com 
mand,  in  person,  of  the  volunteer 
troops,  called  for  by  General  Tay 
lor,  served  six  months  as  major- 
general,  and  distinguished  himself 
at  the  battle  of  Monterey,  subse 
quently  receiving  from  Congress,  for 
his  services,  a  vote  of  thanks  and  a 
sword  valued  at  fifteen  hundred  dol 
lars.  He  was  elected  a  Senator,  in 
Congress,  in  1857,  but,  owing  to  ill 
health,  did  not  take  an  active  part 
in  its  proceedings,  and  he  died  in 
Washington  City,  June  4,  1858, 
deeply  lamented  by  all  who  knew 
him. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


235 


HENDERSON,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1814  to  1815. 

HENDERSON,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Princeton 
College  in  17(51;  was  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas;  a 
Delegate  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress,  from  1779  to  1780;  a  Rep 
resentative,  of  New  Jersey,  in  Con 
gress,  under  the  Constitution,  from 
1795  to  1797  ;  and  was  once  Lieu 
tenant-Governor  of  that  State. 

HKNDRICKS,  THOMAS  A. 

He    was    born   in    Muskingum 
County,  Ohio,  September  7,  1819; 
was   educated  at   South   Hanover 
College  ;  studied  law  and  completed 
his  legal  studies  at  Chambersburg,  j 
Pennsylvania,  in  1843;    settled  in  ' 
Indiana,  and  practiced  his  profes-  i 
sion  with  success;  in  1848  he  was  j 
chosen  to  the   State  Legislature, 
and  declined  a  re-election ;  was  an 
active  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of   1850 ;    and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Indiana,  from  1851  to    1855;    he 
was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce, 
in  1855,  Commissioner  of  the  Gen 
eral   Land-office,  in  which  he   has 
been   continued   by  President  Bu 
chanan,  to   the  arduous  duties  of 
which  he  is  wholly  devoted. 

HENDRICKS,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Westmoreland  County 
Pennsylvania,  in    1783.     He   was  ' 
one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Madison, 


Indiana,  having  removed  there  in 
1814.  During  his  residence  in  that 
State,  he  filled  many  high  and  im 
portant  offices;  he  was  Secretary 
of  the  Convention  which  formed 
the  present  Constitution  of  the 
State  ;  the  first  and  sole  Repre 
sentative  of  Indiana,  in  Congress, 
from  181G  to  1822;  Governor  of 
the  State  from  1822  to  1825,  when 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
United  States  Senate,  and  served 
until  1837.  He  died  in  Madison, 
May  16,  1850. 

HENLEY,  THOMAS,  JR. 

He  was  born  in  Indiana,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to 

1847. 

HENLEY,  THOMAS  J. 

lie  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

HENN,  BERNHARDT. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
on  emigrating  to  Iowa,  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

HENRY,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Prince 
ton  College,  in  1769;  was  for  seve 
ral  years,  from  1778,  a  Delegate  to 
the  old  Congress ;  a  Senator  in 
Congress  under  the  Constitution, 
from  Maryland,  from  1789  to  1797 ; 
and  elected  Governor  of  Maryland, 
in  the  latter  year.  He  died  at  East- 
on,  December,  1798. 


236 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


HENRY,  ROBERT  P. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1823  to 
1827. 

HENRY  THOMAS. 

Born  in  Ireland  in  1785,  and 
died  in  Beaver  County,  Pennsyl 
vania,  July  27,  1849.  He  served 
his  adopted  State,  in  Congress, 
from  1837  to  1843. 

HENRY  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  having  settled  in  Vermont,  de 
voted  himself  to  mercantile  pursuits  ; 
was  for  many  years  cashier  of  the 
Bank  of  Bellow's  Falls,  where  he 
resides  ;  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Vermont, 
from  1847  to  1853,  accomplishing 
much  work,  as  a  member  of  several 
committees. 

HERBERT,  JOHN  C. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1815  to 
1819. 

HERBERT,  PHILIP  T. 

He  was  born  in  Alabama,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  California,  from  1855  to  1857. 

HERKIMER  JOHN. 

Born  in  Herkimer  County,  New 
York,  in  1773 ;  was  for  many  years  a 
Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court ;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1817  to  1819,  and 
again  from  1823  to  1825.  Died  at 
Danube,  New  York,  June  8,  1845. 


HERNANDEZ,  JOSEPH  M. 

He  was  one  of  the  prominent 
Spanish  citizens  who  remained  in 
the  Territory  of  Florida  at  the 
time  of  its  transfer  to  the  United 
States;  he  was  the  first  Delegate  to 
Congress,  from  Florida,  and  subse 
quently  a  leading  member  and  pre 
siding  officer  of  the  Territorial  Le 
gislature.  At  the  breaking  out  of 
the  Indian  hostilities,  he  was  made 
a  brigadier-general  in  the  United 
States  Service.  He  was  a  man  of 
refined  and  elegant  manners,  re 
sided  at  St.  Augustine,  and  died 
near  Matanzas,  Cuba,  June  8, 1857, 
at  an  advanced  age. 

HEROD,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana,  from  1837  to 
1839. 

HERRICK,  EBENEZER. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1821  to 
1827,  and  died  at  Lewiston,  in 
that  State,  May  7,  1839. 

HERRICK,  JOSHUA. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1843  to 
1845,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Accounts. 

HERRICK,  RICHARD  P. 

Born  in  1791,  a  man  of  remarka 
ble  business  enterprise,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1845  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  Washington, 
June  20,  1846. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


HERRICK.   SAMUEL. 
He  was  born  in  Dutchess  Coun 
ty,    New   York,    April    14,    1770. 
He  read  law  at  Carlisle,  Pennsylva 
nia,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1805;  in  isit)  he  settled  at  Zanes- 
ville,  Ohio,  and  was  appointed  Col 
lector   of  Taxes  for   that   county ;  I 
soon   afterwards,   Prosecuting  At 
torney  for   the  same  county;    and 
soon  after  that,  by  President  Madi 
son,  was  appointed  United  States  | 
District  Attorney  for  Ohio ;  in  1812  j 
he  was  appointed  one  of  a  Board  ' 
of  Commissioners,  for  settling  the 
Northwestern    boundary   line ;    in 
the  autumn  of  that  year,  he  succeed-  j 
ed  Lewis  Cass  as  Prosecuting  At 
torney  for  Muskingum  County  ;  in 
1814  he  was  appointed  to  the  same  ' 
office  in  Licking   County  ;  and  he  j 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1817  to  1821.     After  his  se 
cond  election,  his  seat  was  contest 
ed  by  Charles  Hammond,  but  the 
House    sustained   his   claim.       He  ! 
was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  1828,  i 
and  in  1x2!)  was  appointed,  by  Pre-  j 
sident  Jackson,  United  States  Dis-  ! 
trict  Attorney  for  Ohio.     The  re 
mainder  of  his  life  was  spent  in  re 
tirement,  and  he  died  in  December, 
1851. 

HEYWARD,  WILLIAM  II. 
He  graduated  at  Princeton  Col-  I 
lege  in  1808,  and  was  a  Represen-  j 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Maryland,  i 
from  1823  to  1825. 

IHKBARD,   HENRY. 
He  was  born  in  Vermont,  gradu 
ated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1835, 


and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1847  to  1855. 

HIUSHMAN,  JACOll. 

He  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1819  to  1821. 

HICKMAN,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Chester  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  September  11,  1810;  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fifth,  officiating  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 
Pensions.  He  has  also  been  elect 
ed  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

HIESTER,  ISAAC  E. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative,  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

HILL,  JOSHUA. 

Born  in  Abbeville  District, 
South  Carolina,  January  10,  1812; 
he  had  not  a  collegiate  education  ; 
but  studied  law  as  a  profession. 
He  was  elected  a  Representative 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Public  Lands. 

HILL,  CLEMENT  S. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 


238 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


HILL,  HUGH  L.  W. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

HILL,  ISAAC. 

Born  in  Somerville,  Massachu 
setts,  April  6,  1788.  In  1798  his 
parents  removed  to  a  farm  in  Ash- 
burnham,  Massachusetts ;  his  edu 
cation  was  exceedingly  limited,  and 
at  the  age  of  fourteen  he  was  ap 
prenticed  in  a  printing-office,  and 
in  1809,  at  the  expiration  of  his 
apprenticeship,  he  went  to  Con 
cord,  New  Hampshire,  and  pur 
chased  the  American  Patriot,  which 
was  afterwards  issued  as  The  New 
Hampshire  Patriot,  and  became  a 
paper  of  immense  circulation  and 
influence  during  the  twenty  years 
of  his  editorship.  During  that  time 
he  was  twice  chosen  Clerk  of  the 
State  Senate ;  was  once  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Legislature,  and 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  in  1820,  1821,  1822,  and 
1827.  In  1828  he  was  a  condidate 
for  the  United  States  Senate,  but 
not  elected.  In  1829  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Jackson, 
Second  Comptroller  of  the  Trea 
sury,  and  held  the  office  until  April, 
1830.  He  returned  to  New  Hamp 
shire,  and  was  elected  by  the  Legis 
lature  United  States  Senator  for 
six  years,  from  1831.  In  1836 
he  resigned  his  senatorship,  being 
elected  Governor  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  and  re-elected  in  1837  and 
1838.  In  1840  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Yan  Buren,  Sub-Trea 


surer  at  Boston,  and  in  that  year 
established,  in  connection  with  his 
two  oldest  sons,  HilVs  New  Hamp 
shire  Patriot,  which  they  published 
and  edited  until  1847,  when  that 
paper  was  united  with  the  Patriot. 
He  also  published  the  Farmers'1 
Monthly  Visitor,  an  agricultural 
paper,  for  ten  years ;  and  during  the 
last  fifteen  years  of  his  life  devoted 
much  attention  to  agriculture.  He 
died  in  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  March  22,  1851. 

HILL,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1839  to  1841. 

HILL,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Stokes  County,  North 
Carolina,  served  many  years  in  the 
Legislature  of  the  State,  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1839 
to  1841,  and  in  1850  held  the  posi 
tion  of  Reading  Clerk  in  the  State 
Senate. 

HILL,  MARK  L. 

He  was  born  in  York  County, 
Maine.  From  the  year  1792  to  the 
close  of  his  life,  he  had  been  almost 
constantly  in  the  exercise  of  some 
public  employment,  either  by  popu 
lar  election  or  executive  appoint- 

I  ment.  Though  denied  the  advan 
tages  of  a  liberal  education,  he 

|  succeeded,  by  assiduous  self-culture, 
in  making  himself  useful  to  his 
country,  and  gaining  honor  to  him 
self  in  the  various  posts  of  high  re- 

I  sponsibility  to  which  he  was  sue- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


2:59 


ressively  elevated       He   was,    at  ! 
various  periods,  a  member  of  the  j 
Senate  and  House  of  Representa-  ! 
tives   of    Massachusetts,    a   Judge 
of  the   Court   of  Common  Pleas, 
member  of  Congress,  from  Massa-  j 
chusetts,  from  1819  to  1821,  Post 
master  at  Phipsburg,  Maine,  Col 
lector   of    the   port  at  Bath,   and 
held  several  other  town  and  county 
offices.     He  was  one  of  the  Over 
seers  of  Bowdoin  College  from  the 
first,  until  1821,  when  he  became  a 
Trustee,  in  which  office  he  continued 
till  his  decease,  and  during  the  whole 
period  of  forty-nine  years  regularly 
attended  every  meeting  except  one. 
He  died  at  Phipsburg,  Maine,  No 
vember  26, 1842,  in  the  seventy-first 
year  of  his  age. 

HILL,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1824 
to  1826. 

HILL,  WILLIAM  II. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1799  to  1803,  and  he  was  also  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  for  the  District  of 
North  Carolina. 

HILLEN,  SOLOMON,  JK. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and  . 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  j 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1841. 

HILLIIOUSE,    JAMES. 
He  was  born  at  Montville,  Con 
necticut,  October   21,  1754;    gra 


duated  at  Yale  College  in  1773; 
after  due  preparation,  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  law ;  took  an  active 
part  in  the  revolutionary  struggle, 
and  when  New  Haven  was  invaded 
by  the  British,  was  commander  of 
the  Governor's  Guards.  He  be 
came  a  Representative  in  Congress 
in  1791,  and  three  years  afterwards 
he  was  chosen  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States  from  Connecticut, 
and  continued  a  distinguished  mem 
ber  for  sixteen  years.  In  1810  he 
resigned  his  seat  in  the  Senate,  and 
took  the  office  of  Commissioner  of 
the  School  Fund  of  Connecticut, 
which  he  managed  with  great  ability 
and  fidelity  for  fifteen  years ;  and  in 
1825  he  undertook  to  conduct  the 
construction  of  the  Farmington  and 
Hampshire  Canal.  lie  was  chosen 
Treasurer  of  Yale  College  in  1782, 
and  continued  to  hold  the  office 
until  his  death,  having  done  much 
to  promote  the  interests  of  that  in 
stitution.  He  died  at  New  Haven, 
December  29,  1832. 

HILLIARD,  HKXRY  W. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
but  spent  his  boyhood  in  South 
Carolina,  at  the  College  of  which 
State  he  graduated.  He  studied 
law,  and  settled  in  Georgia,  but  in 
1836  became  a  citizen  of  Alabama, 
occupying  for  several  years  a  pro 
fessorship  in  the  University  of  that 
State.  In  1838  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature,  and  in  1840 
a  Presidential  Elector.  In  1842  he 
was  appointed,  by  President  Tyler, 
Minister  to  Belgium ;  and  was  a 


240 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Alabama,  from  1843  to  1851.  He 
has  also  been  a  Regent  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  and  has 
devoted  some  attention  to  the  pur 
suits  of  literature  ;  a  volume  of  his 
speeches  was  published  in  1855. 

HILLYER,  JUNIUS. 

He  was  born  in  Wilks  County, 
Georgia,  April  23, 1807  ;  graduated 
at  the  State  University  at  Athens 
in  1828  ;  having  studied  his  profes 
sion  while  in  college,  he  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  within  one  week  after 
graduating;  in  1834  he  was  elected 
by  the  Legislature  Solicitor-Gene 
ral  for  the  Western  District  of  the 
State  ;  and  he  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  from 
1851  to  1855,  during  his  second 
term  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
'  Committee  on  Private  Land  Claims. 
In  1857  he  was  appointed,  by  Pre 
sident  Buchanan,  Solicitor  of  the 
United  States  Treasury,  which  po 
sition  he  now  holds. 

HINDMAN,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Delegate,  from  Mary 
land,  to  the  Continental  Congress ; 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1792  to  1799;  and  a  Senator  in 
Congress  during  the  years  1800  and 
1801.  He  died  January  26,  1822. 

HINDS,  THOMAS. 

Born  about  the  year  1775  ;  was  a 
distinguished  officer  in  the  battle  of 
New  Orleans ;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Mississippi, 
from  1828  to  1831.  He  died  in 


Jefferson  County,  Mississippi,  Au 
gust  23,  1840. 

HIKES,  RICHARD. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1825  to  1827. 

HITCHCOCK,  PETER. 

Born  in  Cheshire,  Connecticut, 
October  19,  1780;  and  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1801.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1804,  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  in 
his  native  town.  In  1806  he  re 
moved  to  Geauga  County,  Ohio,  and 
in  1810  he  was  elected  to  the  Gene 
ral  Assembly  of  that  State ;  from 
1812  to  1816  he  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate,  and  President  of 
that  body  one  session.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1817  to  1819,  and  then  chosen 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Ohio,  for  seven  years ;  was  re-elected 
to  the  same  office  in  1826,  and  re 
tired  from  the  bench  in  1852,  after 
a  judicial  service  of  twenty-eight 
years ;  having  been  for  a  portion  of 
that  time  Chief  Justice.  From 
1833  to  1835  he  was  again  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Senate,  and  once 
again  President.  In  1850  he  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  the  State.  He  died 
in  Painesville,  Ohio,  May  11,  1853. 

HOAGLAND,  MOSES. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


241 


HOAR,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  Lincoln,  Massachusetts, 
May  18,  17 S8.  lie  graduated  at 
Cambridge  in  1S02,  and  was  for 
two  years  thereafter  a  private  tutor 
in  Virginia.  He  studied  law  with  j 
Artemas  Ward,  and  was  admitted  ! 
to  the  bar  in  ISO;"),  and  opened  an 
office  in  Concord.  lie  soon  attained 
high  rank,  and  was  for  forty  years 
one  of  the  most  eminent  and  suc 
cessful  practitioners  in  Middlesex 
County,  as  well  as  in  the  whole 
State.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  for  revising  the  State  • 
Constitution  in  1820;  State  Senator 
in  1S25  and  1833;  member  of  the 
Executive  Council  in  1 845  and  184(5; 
State  Representative  in  1850;  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1835  to  1 837.  In  1 844  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  the  Legislature  of  Mas 
sachusetts,  to  proceed  to  South 
Carolina  and  aid  the  colored  citi 
zens  of  Massachusetts,  imprisoned 
by  the  authorities  of  South  Caroli 
na,  by  testing,  in  the  courts  of  the 
United  States,  the  constitutionality  i 
of  the  acts  of  South  Carolina,  au 
thorizing  the  imprisonment  of  co 
lored  persons  who  should  enter  that 
State.  His  appearance  in  Charles-  ' 
ton  caused  great  excitement,  and  he 
was  expelled  from  that  city  by  its  j 
citizens,  December  5, 1844  ;  the  Le 
gislature  having  passed  resolutions 
on  that  day  authorizing  the  Gover 
nor  to  expel  him.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  various  religious  and  charita 
ble  societies,  of  the  American  Aca 
demy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  of  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society, 
10 


and,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  one  of 
the  Overseers  of  Harvard  College; 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  hav 
ing,  in  1838,  been  conferred  upon 
him  by  that  institution.  He  died  in 
Concord,  Massachusetts,  November 
2,  1856. 

IIOAIU),  rilARLKS  B. 

Born  in  Springfield,  Vermont, 
June  28,  180ft  ;  he  was  a  mechanic, 
and  for  several  years  in  early  life  a 
clerk  in  a  private  land-office  at  Ant 
werp,  New  York.  He  was  post 
master  under  Presidents  Jackson 
and  Van  Buren ;  justice  of  the  peace 
for  several  years;  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  New  York  in  1838, 
and  County  Clerk  of  Jefferson 
County,  New  York,  in  1844,  1845, 
and  1846.  He  has  been  an  active 
politician,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Expenditures  in  the  State  Depart 
ment.  He  has  been  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

HOB  ART,  AARON. 

He  was  born  in  Plymouth  Coun 
ty,  Massachusetts,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1821  to  1827. 

IIOBART,  JOHN  SLOSS. 

He  was  Judge  of  the  District 
Court  of  New  York,  and  held 
several  important  stations  in  that 
State  during  the  revolutionary  war ; 
after  which  he  was  appointed  one 
of  the  three  judges  of  the  Su 
preme  Court.  He  was  elected  a 


242 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


member  of  the  United  States  Se 
nate  for  the  term  commencing  Jan 
uary,  1798,  but  resigned  May  5,  not 
having  taken  his  seat,  and  was  then 
appointed  Judge  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  of  New  York. 
He  died  February  4,  1805,  aged 
sixty-six. 

IIOBBIE,  SELAH  R. 
Born  in  Newburg,  New  York, 
March  10,  1797,  and  at  an  early 
day  established  himself  at  Delhi, 
Delaware  County,  in  the  practice  of 
law,  where  he  was  soon  appointed 
District  Attorney  and  Brigade  Ma 
jor  and  Inspector.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1827 
to  1829,  when,  on  the  accession  of 
General  Jackson  to  the  Presidency, 
he  was  appointed  Assistant  Post 
master-General,  which  he  held  until 
1850,  when  he  retired  on  account  of 
ill  health,  but  assumed  the  duties  of 
the  office  under  President  Pierce. 
He  died  in  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  March  23,  1854. 

HODGES,  JAMES  L. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1827  to  1831. 

HOFFMAN,  HENRY  W. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1855  to  1857. 

HOFFMAN,  MARTIN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1825 
to  1829. 


HOFFMAN,  MICHAEL. 

Born  in  the  town  of  Clifton  Park, 
Saratoga  County,  New  York,  in 
1788.  He  was  educated  as  a  phy 
sician,  but  afterwards  studied  law 
and  settled  in  Herkirner  County, 
where  he  occupied  a  high  position. 
He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1824. 
and  continued  a  member  for  eight 
years,  serving  a  portion  of  the  time 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Affairs.  He  was  appointed 
a  Canal  Commissioner  for  the  State 
of  New  York,  wrote  several  able 
reports,  and  resigned  the  office  in 
1835.  In  1841  he  went  into  the 
House  of  Assembly,  from  Herkimer 
County,  and  accomplished  much 
good  for  the  service  and  credit  of 
his  State.  He  was  also  a  Delegate 
to  the  Constitutional  Convention 
of  1846,  and  was  Naval  Officer  in 
the  City  of  New  York ;  he  was  a 
powerful  and  effective  debater,  and 
as  a  man,  unselfish  and  of  high  cha 
racter.  He  died  at  Brooklyn,  Sep 
tember  27,  1848. 

HOFFMAN,  OGDEN. 

He  was  born  in  New  York  City. 
in  1794,  and  graduated  at  Colum 
bia  College  in  1812;  he  soon  after 
entered  the  navy  as  a  midshipman, 
but  in  three  years  he  resigned,  and 
studied  law.  He  commenced  to 
practice  in  Orange  County,  and  was 
appointed  District  Attorney,  but 
removed  to  New  York  City  in  1826, 
and  was  a  partner  of  Hugh  Max 
well,  and  became  eminently  success 
ful  in  his  profession.  In  1828  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


243 


was  a  Representative  in  the  Legis 
lature  ;  from  1829  to  1835  was  Dis 
trict  Attorney  ;  and  was  appointed 
United  States  District  Attorney,  by 
President  Harrison.  From  ls:;i 
to  1841  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs ;  he 
was  re-elected  in  1848,  and  in  1854 
was  appointed  Attorney  General  of 
the  State.  He  was  remarkable  for 
his  eloquence  and  learning ;  and  for 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century 
occupied  a  high  position  at  the  bar 
of  New  York.  He  died  in  that 
City,  May  1,  185G. 

HOGAN,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1831 
to  1833. 

HOGE,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1804 
to  1805. 

HOGE,  JOSEPH  R. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and,  having 
removed  to  Illinois,  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1843  to  1847. 

HOGE,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1801 
to  1804,  and  again  from  1807  to 
1809. 

HOGEBOOM,  J.   L. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Constitutional  Convention  of 


1821,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1823  to  1825. 

HOGG,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1817  to 
1819. 

IIOLCOMBE,  (1.  E. 

lie  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1805  ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey, 
from  1821  to  1828,  and  died  in 
1828. 

HOLLADAY,  ALEXANDER  R. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1853, 
and  was  Chairman,  during  his  first 
term,  of  the  Committee  on  Expen 
ditures  in  the  Navy  Department. 

HOLLAND,  CORNELIUS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1831  to 
1833,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Elections,  as  well  as  on  the  Com 
mittee  of  Representation  under  the 
Fifth  Census. 

HOLLAND,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1795  to  1797,  and  again  from  1801 
to  1811. 

HOLLEMAN,  JOEL. 

Born  in  the  County  of  Isle  of 
Wight,  Virginia,  October  1,  1799; 
was  educated  at  Chapel  Hill,  North 


244 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Carolina ;  taught  school  for  some 
years,  and  then  studied  law,  in  the 
practice  of  which  he  was  success 
ful  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Virginia,  from  1839 
to  1841.  He  was  subsequently  in 
the  State  Legislature  for  several 
years,  and  Speaker  of  the  House 
when  he  died,  August,  1844. 

IIOLLEY,  JOHN  M. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1822 ;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly,  from  1838  to  1841 ; 
and  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1847  to  1848.  He  died  at  Jack 
sonville,  Florida,  March  8,  1848, 
before  the  expiration  of  his  term. 

HOLLOW  AY,  D.  P. 

Born    in    Waynesville,    Warren 
County,   Ohio,  December  G,   1809, 
but  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Cincinnati   in   1813.     In   1823  he 
went   to   Richmond,   Indiana,   and 
learned  the  printing  business,  and 
subsequently  served  four  years  in 
the   office   of  the    Cincinnati   Ga 
zette.     He  commenced  the  publica 
tion  of  the  Richmond  Palladium 
in  1832,  and  is  still  the  editor.     In 
1843  he  was  elected  to  the  lower 
branch  of  the  State  Legislature  of 
Indiana,  and  in  1844  to  the  State 
Senate,  serving  nine  years.  In  1855 
he  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  and  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Agriculture,  during 
that   term.      He   was   eight  years 
President  of  the  Agricultural  So 
ciety  of  Wayne  County. 


HOLMES,  DAVID. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  It 97  to 
1809. 

HOLMES,  DAVID. 

He  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  from  Mississippi,  serving 
from  1820  to  1825,  having  pre 
viously  been  appointed  Governor  of 
that  Territory.  He  died  August 
20,  1832. 

HOLMES,  ELIAS  B. 

Born  in  Fletcher,  Vermont,  May 
27,  1807.  He  commenced  life  as  a 
teacher,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty 
emigrated  to  Monroe  County,  New 
York,  where  he  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  1830. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1845 
to  1849. 

HOLMES,  GABRIEL. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  North  Carolina,  from  1825  to 
1829.  He  was  born  in  Sampson 
County  of  that  State,  educated  at 
Harvard  University,  and  was  a  law 
yer  by  profession.  He  was  in  the 
State  Senate  in  1807,  and  Governor 
of  the  State  in  1821. 

HOLMES,  ISAAC  E. 
Born  in  Charleston,  South  Caro 
lina,   April  5,   1796;    educated  at 
I  the  best  schools  of  his  native  city, 
and  graduated  with  honors,  at  Yale 
I  College,  in  1815  ;    he  studied  law 
and   was   admitted   to   the  bar  in 
1818,  in  Charleston.      He  was  one 
of  the  originators  of  the  "  South 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


245 


Carolina  Association;"  and  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  in 
1820.  For  a  time  he  devoted  him 
self  to  planting,  but  his  most  dis 
tinguished  public  service  was  as  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
South  Carolina,  from  1839  to  1851, 
during  which  period  he  served  with 
ability  at  the  head  of  the  Commit 
tees  of  Commerce  and  the  Navy, 
and  also  on  that  for  Foreign  Af 
fairs.  He  subsequently  took  up  his 
residence  in  California. 

HOLMES,  JOHN. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  from  1817  to 
1820,  and  a  Senator,  from  Maine, 
from  1820  to  1833.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  to  form 
the  Constitution  of  the  State  of 
Maine,  and  acted  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  that  drafted  the 
document.  He  also  served  in  the 
Legislatures  of  Maine  and  Massa 
chusetts.  He  was  born  on  Cape 
Cod,  and  died  July  7,  1843,  in  Port 
land,  aged  about  seventy  years,  hold 
ing,  at  the  time,  the  office  of  United 
States  District  Attorney  for  Maine. 
He  was  a  prominent  member  of  the 
bar  for  forty  years,  and  was  distin 
guished  for  his  eloquence  and  wit. 

HOLMES,   URIEL. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1784,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Connecticut,  from 
1817  to  1818,  when  he  resigned. 
He  died  in  1827. 


IIOLSEY,  HOPKINS. 

lie  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Georgia,  from  183G  to  1839. 

HOLT,  ORRIN. 

lie  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1839. 

HOLTKN,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  Danvers,  Massachusetts, 
June  9,  1738,  and  was  bred  a  physi 
cian.  During  the  Revolution  he 
zealously  espoused  the  cause  of  his 
country,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
old  Congress  from  1778  to  1787, 
officiating,  at  one  time,  as  its  Presi 
dent.  He  was  a  Representative, 
under  the  Constitution,  from  1793 
to  1795;  and  spent  the  closing 
years  of  his  life  as  Judge  of  Pro 
bate  for  Essex  County,  and  died 
January  2,  18115. 

HOUCK,  JACOB,  Ju. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1S41  to  1843. 

HOOK,  ENOS. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1841. 

HOOKS,  CHARLES. 

Born  in  Bertie  County,  North 
Carolina,  served  for  many  years  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  during 


246 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  years  1816  and  1817,  and  from 
1819  to  1825.  He  subsequently 
removed  to  Alabama,  where  he  died 
in  1851. 

HOPKINS,  GEORGE  W. 

Born  in  Goochland  County,  Vir 
ginia,  February  22,  1804.  He  was 
educated  at  the  "old  field  schools" 
of  that  day,  and,  for  some  years, 
alternately  taught  school  and  stu 
died  law.  During  the  years  1833 
and  1834,  he  served  in  the  House  of 
Delegates,  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  in  1835, 
and  was  re-elected  until  1847, 
serving  during  one  session  as 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives,  after  which  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Polk,  Charge 
d'Affaires  of  the  United  States  to 
Portugal.  On  his  return  from  Eu 
rope,  in  1849,  he  went  a  second 
time  into  the  House  of  Delegates 
of  Virginia,  and  was  elected  Speak 
er  of  the  House.  He  was  subse 
quently  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Cir 
cuit  Court,  and,  in  1857,  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
where  he  succeeded  Hon.  Thomas 
L.  Clingman  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Relations. 

HOPKINS,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Albemarle  Coun 
ty,  Virginia ;  he  served  with  dis 
tinction  in  the  revolutionary  war, 
having  fought  at  Princeton,  Tren 
ton,  Monmouth,  Brandywine,  and 
Germantown,  and  also,  as  lieute 
nant-colonel  of  a  Virginia  regi 
ment,  at  the  siege  of  Charleston ; 


he  removed  to  Kentucky  in  1797, 
and  served  a  number  of  years  in 
the  State  Legislature;  in  1812  led 
two  thousand  troops  against  the 
Kickapoo  Indians  ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1813  to  1815.  He 
died  at  an  advanced  age. 

HOPKINS,  SAMUEL  M. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1791,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1813  to  1815.  He  was 
an  eminent  lawyer,  and  much  re 
spected  as  a  philanthropist  and  a 
Christian.  He  died  at  Geneva, 
New  York,  October  8,  1837,  aged 
sixty-five  years. 

HOPKINSON,  JOSEPH. 

Born  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylva 
nia,  November  12,  1770  ;  was  edu 
cated  at  the  university  of  his  native 
State,  from  which  institution,  as 
well  as  from  Nassau  Hall  and  Har 
vard  University,  he  subsequently 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  He 
studied  law,  and  commenced  to 
practice  at  the  age  of  twenty,  at 
Easton,  and  afterwards  at  Philadel 
phia,  and  became  eminent  in  his 
profession.  He  was  the  leading 
counsel  of  Dr.  Rush,  in  his  famous 
suit  against  William  Cobbett,  in 
1799,  and  was  also  engaged  by 
Judge  Chase,  in  his  impeachment 
case  before  the  United  States  Se 
nate.  In  1815  he  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  and 
served  until  1819,  after  which  he 
resided  in  Bordentown,  New  Jer- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


247 


sey,  until  appointed,  by  President 
John  Quincy  Adams,  Judge  of  the 
District  Court  of  the  United  States 
for  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  when  he  returned  to  Phila 
delphia  and  held  this  office  until 
his  death.  In  1837  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  the  State ;  was  one  of  the 
Trustees  of  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania  ;  was  President  of  the  Phi 
ladelphia  Academy  of  Fine  Arts, 
and  Vice-President  of  the  Ameri 
can  Philosophical  Society.  He 
published  many  interesting  ad 
dresses,  and  wrote  the  song  "  Hail, 
Columbia/'  He  died  at  Philadel 
phia,  January  15,  1842. 

HEREFORD,  JEDEDIA11. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 
having  removed  to  New  York,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

HORN',   HENRY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1831 
to  1833. 

HOIINBECK,  JOHN  W. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1847  to 
1848,  and  died  at  Allentown,  Penn 
sylvania,  January  16,  1848. 

IIERSEV,  OUTER  BRIDGE. 

He  was  a  native  of  Delaware, 
and  born  in  1777  ;  after  completing 
his  classical  education  lie  studied 


law,  under  Honorable  James  A. 
Bayard,  and  rose  to  eminence  in  his 
profession.  He  was  for  many  years 
Attorney-General  of  the  State,  and 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Delaware,  from  1S10  to  1821.  He 
died  at  Xeedwood,  Maryland,  June 
9,  1842. 

HORTON,  THOMAS  II. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1855  to  1857. 

HORTON,  VALENTINE  B. 

He  was  born  at  Windsor,  Ver 
mont,  January  29,  1802  ;  was  edu 
cated  at  Partridge's  Military  Aca 
demy,  in  that  State  ;  and  after  that 
institution  was  removed  to  Middle- 
town,  Connecticut,  he  became  a 
teacher  therein.  He  studied  law  at 
Middletown,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1830,  after  which  he  re 
moved  to  and  practiced  his  profes 
sion  in  Pittsburg.  He  removed 
to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  1833,  where 
he  followed  his  profession  for  two 
years,  and  in  1835  removed  to 
Pomeroy,  Ohio,  his  present  resi 
dence,  where  he  engaged  in  mining 
and  manufacturing.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1850,  and  in  1854 
he  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth, 
his  business  affairs  causing  him  to 

'  decline  a  nomination  for  the  next 
Congress.  He  is  at  present  a 

1  member  of  the  Committee  on  Post- 
offices  and  Post-roads. 


248 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


HOSMER,  HEZEKIAH  L. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1797 
to  1799. 

HOSTELER,  JACOB. 

He  was  born  in  York,  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1819  to  1821. 

HOUGH,  DAVID. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1803  to  1807. 

HOUGH,  WILLIAM  J. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ; 
served  in  the  Assembly  of  that 
State,  in  1835  and  1836  ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1845  to  1847. 

HOUSTON,  GEORGE  S. 

He  was  born  in  Williamson 
County,  Tennessee,  but  removed, 
when  quite  young,  to  the  Fifth  Con 
gressional  District  of  Alabama, 
where  he  was  educated  and  has 
since  resided.  Soon  after  attaining 
the  age  of  twenty-one  he  was 
elected  to  the  Alabama  Legislature, 
and  served  two  sessions ;  he  was 
also,  for  a  time,  Attorney  for  the 
State,  or  Solicitor ;  and  was  a 
second  time  elected  to  the  Legisla 
ture.  He  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  to  Congress,  in  1841,  and 
continued  to  serve,  by  successive 
elections,  until  1849,  when  he  volun 
tarily  retired,  for  the  purpose  of 
resuming  the  practice  of  law.  He 


was  again  elected  to  Congress,  in 
1851,  and  has  been  regularly  re- 
elected  to  the  present  time,  serving 
on  several  of  the  leading  committees, 
and  officiating  at  the  present  time 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Judiciary. 

HOUSTON,  JOHN  W. 

Born  in  Sussex  County,  Dela 
ware  ;  studied  at  Newark  Acade 
my,  and  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1834.  He  studied  law  with  Hon. 
John  M.  Clayton,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1837.  He  was  Se 
cretary  of  State  in  1841  ;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Delaware,  from  1845  to  1851. 

HOUSTON,   SAMUEL. 

Born  in  Rockbridge  County,  Vir 
ginia,  March  2,  1793.  He  lost  his 
father  when  quite  young,  and  his 
mother  removed  with  her  family  to 
the  banks  of  the  Tennessee,  at  that 
time  the  limit  of  civilization.  Here 
he  received  but  a  scanty  education  ; 
he  passed  several  years  among  the 
Cherokee  Indians,  arid  in  fact, 
through  all  his  life,  he  seems  to 
have  held  opinions  with  Rousseau, 
and  retained  a  predilection  for  life 
in  the  wilderness.  After  having 
served  for  a  time  as  clerk  to  a 
country  trader,  and  kept  a  school, 
in  1813  he  enlisted  in  the  army,  and 
served  under  General  Jackson,  in 
the  war  with  the  Creek  Indians. 
He  distinguished  himself  on  se 
veral  occasions,  and  at  the  con 
clusion  of  the  war  he  had  risen  to 
the  rank  of  lieutenant,  but  soon  re- 


B  i  o  G  R  A  P  ii  i  c  A'L    SKETCHES. 


249 


signed   his   commission    and   com 
menced  the  study  of  law  at  Nash 
ville.     It  was  about  this  time  that 
he  began  his  political  life.     After 
holding    several    minor  oflices    in 
Tennessee,  he  was,  in  1S23,  elected 
to  Congress,  and  continued  a  mem 
ber  of  that  body  until,  in   1827,  he 
became  Governor  of  the   State  of 
Tennessee.     In  1 829,  before  the  ex 
piration  of  his  gubernatorial  term, 
he  resigned  his  office,  and  went  to 
take  up  his  abode  among  the  Che- 
rokees    in    Arkansas.     During  his 
residence  among   the    Indians,   he 
became  acquainted  with  the  frauds  j 
practiced  upon  them  by  the  govern 
ment  agents,  and  undertook  a  mis 
sion  to  Washington  for  the  purpose  ; 
of  exposing  them.     In  the  execu 
tion   of  this  project,  he  met  with 
but  little  success  ;    he  became  in 
volved  in  lawsuits,  and  returned  to 
his  Indian  friends.     During  a  visit  ; 
to  Texas,  he  was  requested  to  allow 
his  name  to  be  used  in  the  canvass, 
for   a    Convention   which    was   to 
meet  to   form   a  Constitution  for 
Texas,  prior  to  its  admission  into 
the  Mexican  union.    He  consented, 
and  was  unanimously  elected.     The 
Constitution  drawn  up  by  the  Con 
vention    was     rejected    by    Santa 
Anna,  at  that  time  in  power,  and 
the    disaffection     of    the    Texans 
caused    thereby   was    still   further 
heightened  by  a  demand  upon  them 
to  give  up  their  arms.     They  de 
termined  upon  a  resistance  ;  a  mi 
litia^  was  organized,  and  Austin,  the 
founder  of  the  colony,  was  elected 
commander-in-chief,  in  which  office 
he  was  shortly  after  succeeded  by 


General  Houston.  He  conducted 
the  war  with  vigor,  and  finally 
brought  it  to  a  successful  ter 
mination  by  the  battle  of  San  .Ju- 
cinto,  which  was  fought  in  April, 
183G.  In  May,  1830,  he  signed  a 
treaty,  acknowledging  the  indepen 
dence  of  Texas,  and  in  October  of 
the  same  year  he  was  inaugurated 
the  first  President  of  the  Republic. 
At  the  end  of  his  term  of  office,  as 
the  same  person  could  not  constitu 
tionally  be  elected  President  twice 
in  succession,  he  became  a  member 
of  the  Texas  Congress.  In  1841, 
however,  he  was  again  elevated  to 
the  Presidential  chair.  During  the 
whole  time  that  he  held  that  office 
it  was  his  favorite  policy  to  effect 
the  annexation  of  Texas  to  the 
United  States,  but  he  retired  from 
office  before  he  saw  the  consumma 
tion  of  his  wishes.  In  1S44  Texas 
became  one  of  the  States  of  the 
Union,  and  General  Houston  was 
elected  to  the  Senate,  of  which 
body  he  is  still  a  member,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

HOWARD,   BENJAMIN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1S07  to 
1810,  when  he  was  appointed  Go 
vernor  of  Indiana  Territory.  He 
was  appointed  Brigadier-General  in 
the  United  States  army  in  1813; 
and  was  once  Governor  of  Missouri 
Territory.  He  died  at  St.  Louis, 
Missouri,  September  18,  1814. 

HOWARD,  BENJAMIN  C. 
He  was  born  in  Maryland  ;  gra 
duated    at    Princeton   College    in 


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BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


251 


HOWARD,  WILLIAM  A. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 
having  taken  up  his  residence  in 
Michigan,  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  from  that  State  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Committee 
of  Ways  and  Means. 

HOWE,  JOHN  W. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  having  settled  in  Pennsylvania, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1849  to  1853. 

HOWE,  THOMAS  M. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 
having  settled  in  Pennsylvania,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1851  to  1855. 

HOWE,  THOMAS  Y.,  Ju. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

HO  WELL,  EDWARD. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1832,  and  a  Re-  , 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1833  to  1835 

HOWELL,  ELIAS. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
having  taken  up  his  residence  in 
Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1835  to  1837. 

HOWELL,  JEREMIAH  B. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Rhode  Island,  from  1811  to  | 
1817. 


1IOWELL,  NATHANIEL  W. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1813 
to  1815,  and  died  at  Canandaigua, 
New  York,  October  10,  1851,  aged 
eighty-one  years. 

HOWLAND,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Rhode  Island,  from  1804  to 
1809,  and  died  in  May,  1821. 

IIUBBARD,  DAVID. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Alabama,  from  1839  to  1841, 
and  for  a  second  term  from  1849  to 
1851. 

IIUBBARD,  EDMUND  W. 

lie  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1847. 

IIUBBARD,  HENRY. 

He  was  born  in  Charlestown, 
New  Hampshire,  May  3,  1784; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1803 ;  studied  law,  and  commenced 
practice  in  Charlestown.  He  came 
early  into  public  life.  He  was  fre 
quently  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature,  and  for  some  years 
Speaker  of  the  House.  He  was 
Judge  of  Probate  for  Sullivan 
County,  from  1X27  to  1829;  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1829 
to  1835;  and  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1835  to  1841.  He  was 
also  Governor  of  New  Hampshire, 
in  1S42  and  1843;  and  from  184G 
to  1849  United  States  Assistant 


252 


Treasurer,  in  Boston.  For  a  part 
of  the  time,  during  the  Twenty- 
eighth  Congress,  he  was  chosen 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives.  He  died  at  Charles- 
town,  New  Hampshire,  June  5, 
1857. 

HUBBARD,  JONATHAN  II. 

Born  in  17  68.  He  was  one  of 
the  oldest  and  most  esteemed  citi 
zens  of  Vermont,  and  was  distin 
guished  as  a  jurist ;  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1809  to  1811,  and  for  many  years 
was  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Vermont.  His 
death  occurred,  where  most  of  his 
life  was  spent,  at  Windsor,  Ver 
mont,  September  20,  1849. 

HUBBARD,  LEVI. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1813  to  1815. 

HUBBARD,  SAMUEL  DICKINSON. 

Born  at  Middletown,  Connecti 
cut,  August  10,  1799,  and  died  at 
the  same  place,  October  8,  1855. 
Graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1819, 
studied  law,  but  did  not  practice, 
devoting  himself  chiefly  to  the  ma 
nufacturing  business.  He  served 
as  a  Representative  through  the 
Twenty-ninth  and  Thirtieth  Con 
gresses.  In  1852  he  was  appointed 
Postmaster-General,  and  held  the 
office  until  the  close  of  President 
Fillmore's  administration,  after 
which  he  retired  to  private  life. 
He  was  zealous  in  the  cause  of 


education,  and  assisted  in  the  esta 
blishment  of  the  City  High  School 
at  Middletown. 

HUBBARD,  THOMAS  H. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  Haven, 
Connecticut,  and  a  graduate  of  Yale 
College  in  1798.  He  studied  law, 
and  settled  at  Hamilton,  Madison 
County,  New  York,  and  was  there 
Surrogate  for  ten  years.  In  1823 
he  removed  to  Utica,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1817  to  1819,  and 
from  1821  to  1823.  He  was  chosen 
Presidential  Elector  in  1812,  1844, 
and  1852.  He  died  in  Utica,  May 
22,  1857,  aged  seventy-six  years. 

HUBBELL,  WILLIAM  S. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ;  was 
a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  that 
State  in  1841,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  the  same, 
from  1843  to  1845. 

I1UBLEY,  EDWARD  B. 

From  1835  to  1839  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  died  February  23,  1856, 
in  Philadelphia. 

HUDSON,  CHARLES. 

Born  in  Marlborough,  Massachu 
setts,    November    14,    1795.      He 
spent  his  youth  as  a  student  in  a 
village  school,  and  also  as  a  teacher, 
|  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  was  a 
<  day  laborer  on  a  farm.     In  1819  he 
was  licensed  as  a  preacher  of  the 
|  Universalist  persuasion,  and   con- 

I 

tinued  in  charge  of  a  parish  until 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


253 


elected  to  Congress,  in  1841,  where 
he  remained  until  1840.  He  was 
subsequently  appointed  to  a  local 
office  in  Massachusetts,  by  the  Fe 
deral  Government. 

IIUFTY,  JACOB. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1809 
to  1814. 

IIUGER,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1799  to  1805,  and  for  a  second 
term,  from  1815  to  1817. 

IIUGER,  DANIEL. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Conti 
nental  Congress,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1789  to  1793. 

II IT, EH,  DANIEL  ELLIOT. 

Was  a  citizen  of  Charleston,  South 
Carolina  ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1789;  and  for  nearly 
half  a  century  was  identified  with 
the  public  service  of  his  State,  as  a 
member  of  the  Legislature,  State 
Senate,  and  Judge  of  her  courts ; 
and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from- 1843  to  184G.  He  died  ia 
Charleston,  in  August,  1854. 

IirCHES,  CHARLES. 
He  was  born  in  Georgia,  and 
having  settled  in  New  York,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1855. 


HUG  TIES,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  at  Hampstead, 
Maryland,  November  24,  1823,  and 
was  educated  at  the  State  Univer 
sity  of  Indiana.  He  began  the 
practice  of  law  at  Bloomington, 
Indiana,  in  1842;  was  appointed 
first  lieutenant  of  the  Kith  Regi 
ment  of  United  States  infantry, 
one  of  the  ten  regiments  in  the 
Mexican  war,  and  served  till  the 
close  of  the  war,  and  then  returned 
to  the  practice  of  law  in  Blooming- 
ton.  He  was  elected  Circuit  Judge, 
in  1852,  for  six  years;  in  1853  was 
elected  Professor  of  Law  in  the 
University  of  Indiana,  and  served 
three  years.  He  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Indiana,  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Ter 
ritories. 

HUGHES,  JAMES  M. 

He  was  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Missouri,  from  1843  to  1845. 

HUGHES,  THOMAS  H. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1829 
to  1833. 

IIUGILSTON,  JONAS  A. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  from  that 
State  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

IIUGUENIN,  DANIEL. 

He  was  distinguished  as  an  officer 
in  the  war  of  1812,  and  participa- 


254 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ted  in  the  stirring  events  on  the 
Niagara  frontier,  and  the  battle  of 
Queenstown,  with  General  Scott, 
where  he  was  taken  prisoner.  He 
was  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1825  to  1827,  and 
a  member  of  the  New  York  Legis 
lature,  and  at  a  later  period  United 
States  Marshal  for  the  Territory  of 
Wisconsin,  under  an  appointment 
from  President  Harrison.  He  died 
atKenosha,  Wisconsin,  June,  1850, 
aged  fifty-nine. 

HUMPHREY,  CHARLES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1825 
to  1827,  and  subsequently  served 
four  years  in  the  Assembly  of  that 
State — one  year  as  Speaker.  He 
died  at  Albany,  July  18,  1850, 
aged  fifty-nine  years. 

HUMPHREY,  REUBEN. 

lie  was  for  four  years  a  Senator 
in  the  Legislature  of  New  York, 
from  Onondaga  County,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1807  to  1809. 

HUMPHREYS,  JACOB. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1819 
to  1821. 

HUMPHREYS,  PERRY  AY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1813 
to  1815. 

HUNGERFORD,  JOHN  P. 

He  was  an  officer  in  the  revolu 
tionary  war,  and  a  member  of  Con 


gress,  from  Yirginia,  from  1813  to 
1817.  He  died  at  Twiford,  in 
Westmoreland  County,  December 
21,  1833,  aged  seventy-four  years. 

HUNGERFORD,  ORVILLE. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1843  to  1847. 

HUNT,  HIRAM  P. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1835  to  1837, 
and  again  from  1839  to  1843. 

HUNT,  JAMES  B. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
and  for  many  years  law-partner 
with  Michael  HoS'man.  He  re 
moved  to  Michigan  about  the  time 
of  its  admission  into  the  Union,  and 
was  soon  called  to  responsible  pub 
lic  trusts.  He  was  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  Michigan,  from  1843 
to  1847.  He  died  in  Washington, 
August  15,  1857,  aged  fifty-eight 
years. 

HUNT,  JONATHAN. 

He  represented  the  State  of  Ver 
mont  in  Congress,  from  1827  to 
1832,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Public  Lands,  and  died  at  Wash 
ington,  May  14,  of  the  latter  year. 
He  was  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth 
College  in  1807. 

HUNT,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1802  to  1805. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


255 


HUNT,  T   G. 

ITe  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-third  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  of  which  State  he  was  a 
native. 

HUNT,  WASHINGTON. 

Born  at  Windham,  Green  Coun 
ty,  Ne\v  York,  August  5,  1811. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  entered 
upon  the  study  of  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  at  Lockport  in 
1834.  In  1830  he  was  appointed 
first  Judge  of  Niagara  County,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1843  to  1849,  serving  during 
his  last  term  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Commerce.  In  1849 
he  was  elected  Comptroller  of  New 
York,  and,  in  1850,  Governor  of 
the  State.  Since  that  time  he  has 
lived  in  retirement  upon  a  hand 
some  farm  near  Lockport,  dividing 
his  attention  between  his  friends, 
his  books,  and  the  pursuits  of  hor 
ticulture. 

HUNTER,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1793  to  1795,  and  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  tliat  State,  from  1795 
to  1796. 

HUNTER,  NARSWORTIIV. 

lie  was  a  Delegate  in  Congress, 
from  the  Territory  of  Mississippi, 
from  1801  to  1802. 

HUNTER,  R.  M.  T. 

He  was  born  in  Essex  County, 
Virginia;  was  educated  at  the  Uni 


versity  of  Virginia;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law ;  served  three  years  in 
the  State  Legislature ;  and  was  first 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  his  native  State,  in  1837, 
when  he  served  two  terms,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1845,  officiating  dur 
ing  the  Twenty-sixth  Congress  as 
Speaker.  In  1847  he  was  elected 
a  Senator  in  Congress  for  a  long 
term,  and  re-elected  for  the  term 
ending  in  1859.  At  the  present 
time  he  is  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Finance,  and  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  the  Library 
and  on  the  Pacific  Railroad. 

HUNTER,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1817  to 
1819. 

HUNTER,  WILLIAM. 

Born  at  Newport,  Rhode  Island, 
November  23,  1775;  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1791 ;  went  to 
London,  and  studied  medicine,  but 
soon  changed  to  the  law,  and  entered 
at  the  Inner  Temple  in  London;  and 
on  his  return  to  Newport,  at  the 
age  of  twenty-one,  was' admitted  to 
the  bar.  In  1799  he  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  General  Assembly 
of  Rhode  Island,  and  re-elected  at 
different  periods  from  that  time  to 
the  year  1811,  when  he  was  chosen 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  and  held  his 
seat  till  1821.  His  speeches,  espe 
cially  those  on  the  acquisition  of  Flo 
rida,  and  the  Missouri  Compromise, 
won  him  a  high  reputation  as  a  sa 
gacious  statesman  and  finished  ora 
tor.  In  1834  he  was  Charge  to 


256 


Brazil,  an  office  which  was,  in 
1842,  raised  to  a  full  mission,  and 
he  was  continued  as  Minister  till 
1845,  when  he  retired  from  public 
life,  and  resided  at  Newport  until 
his  death,  which  occurred  December 
3,  1849. 

HUNTER,  WILLIAM  F. 

He  was  born  in  Alexandria,  Vir 
ginia,  December  10,  1808;  had  few 
educational  advantages  ;  practiced 
the  trade  of  a  cabinet-maker  until 
1840;  and  having  studied  law,  re 
moved  to  Ohio,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1849  to  1853  ;  since 
which  time  he  has  devoted  himself 
to  his  profession. 

HUNTER,  WILLIAM  G. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1844. 

HUNTER,  WILLIAM  II. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1837  to 
1839. 

HUNTINGTON,  ABEL. 

He  was  born  in  Norwich,  Con 
necticut,  but  at  an  early  age  re 
moved  to  East  Hampton,  Long 
Island,  and  for  sixty  years  was  a 
practicing  physician.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1833  to  1837.  He 
was  Collector  of  Sag  Harbor,  under 
President  Polk ;  and  member  of 
the  New  York  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  1846.  He  died  at 


East  Hampton,  May  18,  1858,  aged 
eighty-two  years. 

HUNTINGTON,  BENJAMIN. 

Was  a  native  of  Norwich,  Con 
necticut;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1761,  and  practiced  law  in  his 
native  town.  He  was  a  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court  of  the  State, 
from  1793  to  1798,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Continental  Congress, 
from  1780  to  1784,  also  from  1787 
to  1788;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  under  the  Constitution, 
from  1789  to  1791.  He  was  Mayor  of 
Norwich  for  twelve  years,  and  he 
died  in  1800. 

HUNTINGTON,  EBENEZER. 

He  was  born  in  Norwich,  Con 
necticut,  and  died  there  in  May, 
1834,  aged  ninety-seven  years.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1775 ; 
joined  the  army  the  same  year  as  a 
volunteer  ;  was  soon  commissioned 
as  a  lieutenant ;  in  1776  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  captain,  and  also  deputy 
adjutant-general ;  in  1777  a  major  ; 
in  1779  a  lieutenant-colonel;  and 
he  was  present  at  the  surrender  of 
Cornwallis,  at  Yorktown.  He  was 
twice  elected  to  Congress,  from 
Connecticut,  serving  from  1810  to 
1811,  and  again  from  1817  to  1819. 
In  1799  he  was,  at  the  recommen 
dation  of  Washington,  appointed 
a  brigadier-general  in  the  army 
raised  by  Congress,  when  expecta 
tions  were  entertained  of  a  war 
with  France. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


257 


HUNTINGTON,  JABEK  W. 

Born  in  Norwich,  Connecticut, 
November  8,  1788,  and  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1806.  1  It- 
studied  law  at  Litchfield,  and  com 
menced  to  practice  there,  where  he 
remained  thirty  yours.  In  1828  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  in  1829  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  which  office  he 
tilled  until  1834,  when  he  removed 
to  Norwich,  and  became  a  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Errors, 
and  was  chosen  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
perior  Court  of  his  State.  lie  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1840 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
Norwich,  November  1,  1847. 

HUNTSMAN,   ADAM. 

He  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Tennessee,  from  1835  to  1837. 

HUYLER,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
having  become  a  citizen  of  New 
Jersey,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
from  that  State,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Agriculture. 

HVNEMAN,  JOHN  M. 

He  was  a  Representative,  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1811 
to  1813. 

IHRIE,  PETER. 

He  was  a  native  of  Pennsylva 
nia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,   from   that    State,   from 
1829  to  1833. 
17 


IMLAY,  JAMES  II. 

He  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1786  ;  was  for  a  time  tutor 
in  that  institution  ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Jersey,  from  1797  to  1801. 

INGE,  SAMUEL  W. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  on  removing  to  Alabama,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1847 
to  1851. 

INGE,  WILLIAM  M. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1835. 

INGERSOLL,  CHARLES  J. 

Born  in  Philadelphia,  October  3, 
1782  ;  received  a  liberal  education  ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1813  to 
1815,  when  he  was  appointed  Uni 
ted  States  District  Attorney  for 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  afterwards 
re-elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1841  to  1847,  serv 
ing  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Foreign  Affairs.  He  has  pub 
lished  a  "History  of  the  Second 
American  War  with  Great  Bri 
tain,"  and  several  other  works  of 
minor  importance. 

INGERSOLL,  COLIN  M. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative,  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1855. 


258 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


INGERSOLL,  JOSEPH  R. 

Born  in  Philadelphia,  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1804  ;  is  a  law 
yer  by  profession,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1835  to  1837,  and 
from  1842  to  1849,  and  for  a  time 
Chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Com 
mittee.  He  was  appointed,  by  Pre 
sident  Fillmore,  Minister  to  Eng 
land. 

INGERSOLL,  RALPH  I. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1808 ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1825  to  1833, 
and  was  appointed,  by  President 
Polk,  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
Russia. 

ING II AM,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Hebron,  Connec 
ticut,  September  5,  IT 93;  received 
a  good  English  education  in  Ver 
mont,  and  studied  law  in  Connecti 
cut,  having  been  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1815;  and  in  1817  he  settled  at 
Saybrook,  which  has  since  been  his 
home.  From  1827  to  1835  he  was 
States  Attorney  for  the  County  of 
Middlesex,  and  again  in  1843  and 
1844  ;  he  was  a  Judge  of  Probate 
from  1829  to  1833;  Judge  of  the 
Middlesex  County  Court  from  1849 
to  1853  ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Connecticut, 
from  1835  to  1839,  having  officiated 
as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Affairs,  and  as  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Commerce.  He 
also  served  a  number  of  years  in 


the  Senate  and  House  of  Represen 
tatives  of  Connecticut,  three  years 
as  Speaker,  and  was  one  year  Clerk  of 
the  House ;  he  was  appointed  in 
1837,  by  the  State,  an  agent  to  pro 
secute  certain  claims  against  the 
United  States,  and  was  successful ; 
and  in  1857  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Buchanan,  Commissioner 
of  Customs,  which  office  he  now 
holds.  In  1854  he  was  a  candidate 
for  the  office  of  United  States 
Senator,  and  received  the  entire 
.  vote  of  his  party  in  the  Legislature, 
but  Senator  Foster  was  elected. 

INGIIAM,  SAMUEL  D. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1813  to  1818,  and  from 
1822  to  1829,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  J.  Q.  Adams, 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

IREDELL,   JAMES. 

Born  in  Chowan  County,  North 
Carolina,  in  1788.  He  was  for 
several  years  in  the  Legislature  of 
that  State,  part  of  the  time  Speaker 
of  the  House;  in  1812 commanded 
a  company  of  volunteers,  who  went 
to  Norfolk,  to  repel  the  British  ; 
in  1819  he  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Superior  Court ;  in  1827  was 
elected  Governor  of  North  Caro 
lina  ;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1828  to  1831.  Toward 
the  close  of  his  life  he  was  Re 
porter  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Su 
preme  Court,  and  died  at  Edenton, 
April  13,  1853. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


259 


IRVIN,   ALEXANDER. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1847  to 
1849. 

IIIVIN,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1841  to 
1845. 

IRVINE,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Ireland ;  educated  for  the 
medical  profession  ;  served  as  sur 
geon  on  board  of  a  British  ship,  in 
the  war  which  began  in  1754,  and 
after  the  peace  of  1763  settled  at 
Carlisle,  Pennsylvania  In  1774  he 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Conven 
tion;  in  1776  he  served  in  Canada, 
and  accompanied  Colonel  Thompson 
from  Sorelle,  to  dislodge  the  enemy 
from  Trois  Rivieres;  but  was  taken 
prisoner,  June  16,  and  remained  as 
such  at  Quebec  until  exchanged  in 
1778.  On  his  release  he  was  pro 
moted  to  the  command  of  the  Second 
Pennsylvania  Regiment,  and  in  1781 
the  defence  of  the  Northwestern 
frontier  was  intrusted  to  him,  and 
he  attained  the  rank  of  major-ge 
neral.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  after  the  war,  from  1793 
to  1795.  He  was  a  Commissioner 
during  the  Whisky  Insurrection  of 
1794,  and  removed  shortly  after  to 
Philadelphia,  and  was  appointed 
Superintendent  of  Military  Stores. 
He  died  July  30,  1804,  aged  sixty- 
three  years. 


IRVINE,  WILLIAM  W. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  of  Ohio,  and  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1829  to  1833.  In 
1843  he  was  appointed  Charge 
d'Affaires  to  Denmark.  He  died 
at  Lancaster,  Ohio,  April,  1842. 

IRVING,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  merchant  of  New  York 
City,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1814  to  1819,  and  a 
member  of  the  Committee  of  Com 
merce  and  Manufactures.  He  was 
a  brother  of  Washington  Irving, 
for  whose  "  Salmagundi"  he  wrote 
several  papers. 

IRWIN,  JARED. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  which  adopted  the  Consti 
tution  of  1789  ;  was  Governor  of 
Georgia,  from  1796  to  1798,  and 
also  from  1806  to  1809.  He  re 
moved  to  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1813  to  1817,  and 
died  March  1,  1818,  aged  sixty- 
eight  years. 

IRWIN,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1829  to  1831,  and  was 
in  the  latter  year  appointed,  by 
President  Jackson,  United  States 
Judge  of  the  Western  District  of 
Pennsylvania. 


260 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


IRWIN,  WILLIAM  W. 

He  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1841  to 
1843;  and  from  1843  to  1847  he 
was  Charge  d'Affaires  of  the  United 
States  to  Denmark.  He  died  in 
Pittsburg,  September  15,  1856. 

ISAACS,  JACOB  C. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1823  to  1833. 

ISLEY,  DANIEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1807  to  1809. 

IVERSON,  ALFRED. 

Born  in  Burke  County,  Georgia, 
December  3,  1798;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College  in  1820;  a  law 
yer  by  profession,  served  three  years 
as  a  member  of  the  House  of  Re 
presentatives,  and  one  year  as  Se 
nator  in  the  Legislature  of  Georgia. 
Twice  elected  Judge  of  the  Supe 
rior  Court  of  that  State  for  terms  of 
three  and  four  years  ;  was  one  of  the 
Electors  at  Large  in  the  Presiden 
tial  election  of  1844 ;  elected  a  Re 
presentative  to  the  Thirtieth  Con 
gress,  and  served  two  years.  In 
1854  he  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate  for  six  years,  from 
March  4,  1855  ;  and  for  a  long  time 
has  acted  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Claims,  and  as  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  Military  Af 
fairs  and  the  Pacific  Railroad. 


IVES,  WILLARD. 

He  was  born  in  Watertown,  New 

York,   July   7,    1806;    received  a 

good  English  education ;  is  a  farmer 

j  by  occupation ;  and  was  a  Repre- 

I  sentative   in   Congress,  from  New 

I  York,  from  1851  to  1853.  In  1846 

he  was  elected  by  the   Methodist 

Episcopal   Church,  a  Delegate  to 

the  Christian  World's  Convention, 

which  was  held  in  London. 

IZARD,  RALPH. 

A  Senator  of  the  United  States, 
from  South  Carolina,  from  1789  to 
1795,  and  a  distinguished  and  elo 
quent  statesman.  In  the  judgment 
of  Washington  no  man  was  more 
honest  in  public  life.  He  died  at 
South  Bay,  May  30,  1804,  aged 
sixty-six  years. 

JACK,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1841  to 
1843. 

JACKSON,  ANDREW. 

Born  at  the  Waxsaw  Settlement, 
North  Carolina,  March  15,  1767. 
When  fourteen  years  of  age  he  left 
the  academy  where  he  had  been 
placed,  and  entered  the  revolu 
tionary  army,  and  at  the  age  of 
twenty-one  established  himself  as  a 
lawyer  in  Western  North  Carolina. 
When  that  part  of  the  country  be 
came  a  Territory  in  1790,  President 
Washington  appointed  him  Attor- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


261 


ney  of  the  United  States  for  the 
new  district.     When  said  Territory 
was.formed  into  the  State  of  Tcn- 
nessee,  he  was   a  member   of  the 
Convention  which  drew  up  the  new 
Constitution,  and  he  was  immedi 
ately  chosen   a   Representative  in 
Congress,  serving  one  term,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  where  he  continued 
until  1798.     His  next  public  posi-  ! 
tion  was  that  of  Judge  of  the  Su-  j 
preme    Court;    and    having   been  i 
chosen  major-general  of  one  of  the  ! 
divisions  of  the  Tennessee  militia, 
he  retained  the  office  until  1814, 
when  he  went  into  the  regular  army 
with  the  same  rank.     He  was  as 
signed  to  the  command  of  the  army 
at   New  Orleans,  and   January  8, 
1815,  obtained  his  famous  victory 
over  the  British.     In  1817-18  he 
conducted    the    Seminole   war    in 
Florida,  and  soon  after  retired  from  \ 
the  array.     In  1823  he  was  again 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  and  ! 
remained  there  two  years.     He  was  ! 
elected  President  in  1828,  and  re- 
elected  in  1832.     The  events  which 
marked  his  administration  were  the 
difficulties  with  France,  the  suppres 
sion  of  the  nullification  movement 
in  South  Carolina,  the  Indian  war 
in  Florida,  and  the  removal  of  the 
deposits   from   the    United    States 
Bank.    He  retired  to  private  life  in  '• 
183G,  and  in  the  peaceful  shades  of 
the    Hermitage,  in  Tennessee,   he 
died,  June  8,  1845.     That  he  was 
a  remarkable  man  is  the  undisputed 
verdict  of  his  countrymen  through 
out  the  Union. 


JACKSON,  DAVID  S. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Coniriv^. 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1848. 

JACKSON,  EDWARD  B. 

He  was  born  in  Harrison  County, 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1820  to  1823. 

JACKSON,  JABEZ. 

He  was  born  in  Georgia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  183G  to  1839. 

JACKSON,  JAMES. 

Born  in  England,  and  came  to 
this  country  in  1772.  Early  in  the 
American  Revolution  he  joined  the 
army;  in  1778  was  made  brigade- 
major;  and  in  1781  commanded 
the  legionary  corps  of  the  State  of 
Georgia.  When  the  British  evacu 
ated  Savannah,  July  12,  1782,  he 
received  the  keys.  Fur  his  various 
services  the  Assembly  of  the  State 
presented  him  with  a  house  and  lot 
in  Savannah.  On  the  return  of 
peace  he  engaged  with  success  in 
the  practice  of  law.  He  was  chosen 
a  Representative  in  Congress  in 
1789,  and  soon  after  a  Senator, 
which  office  he  resigned  in  1795. 
He  was  Major-General  of  the  Geor 
gia  Militia ;  and  Governor  of  the 
State  from  1798  till  his  election  as 
Senator  in  1801.  He  died  1806, 
aged  forty-eight. 


262 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


JACKSON,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Jefferson  County, 
Georgia,  in  1819;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Georgia  in  1837  ;  and 
having  studied  law,  commenced  the 
practice  in  1840.  In  1842  he  was 
elected  Secretary  of  the  Senate  of 
Georgia,  holding  the  office  one  year ; 
in  1845  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  re-elected  to  the 
same  position  in  1847  ;  in  1849  he 
was  chosen  by  the  Legislature  Judge 
of  the  Western  Circuit  of  his  State, 
and  was  elected  to  the  same  office 
by  the  people  in  1853,  and  again  in 
1857.  In  June  of  that  year  he  was 
nominated  for  Congress,  resigned 
his  judgeship,  and  in  October  fol 
lowing  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tees  on  Claims  and  Revolutionary 
Claims. 

JACKSON,  JOHN  G. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1795  to 
1797,  from  1799  to  1810,  and  again 
from  1813  to  1817. 

JACKSON,  JOSEPH  W. 
He  was  frequently  a  member  of 
the  City  Council  of  Savannah,  at 
one  time  mayor  of  the  city ;  served 
a  number  of  years  in  the  State  Le 
gislature  ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Georgia, 
from  1850  to  1853.  Died  at  Savan 
nah,  December  28,  1854. 

JACKSON,  RICHARD  S. 
Born  in  1764,  and  died  at  Pro 
vidence,  April  18,  1838.    "He  was 


a  member  of  Congress,  from  Rhode 
Island,  from  1808  to  1815.  In 
early  life  he  was  engaged  in  mer 
cantile  business,  and  was  among 
the  first,  in  this  country,  who  em 
barked  in  the  manufacture  of  cot 
ton.  He  filled  several  important 
public  offices,  and  was  distinguished 
for  his  benevolence. 

JACKSON,  THOMAS  B. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1841, 
and  was  also,  for  three  years,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Assembly  of  New  York. 

JACKSON,  WILLIAM. 
He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
railroad  enterprise  in  Massachu 
setts,  and  from  1834  to  1837  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State.  He  died  at  Newton, 
Massachusetts,  February  27,  1855. 

JACKSON,  W.  T. 

Born  in  Chester,  Orange  County, 
New  York,  December  29,  1794,  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education  ; 
and  has  been  chiefly  employed  in 
mercantile  business.  He  was  jus 
tice  of  the  peace  several  years  in 
Havana,  New  York,  and  held  the 
office  of  county  judge  four  years. 
In  1848  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  and  served 
one  term. 

JACOBS,  ISRAEL. 
He  was  born  in  Germany,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from   Pennsylvania,  from    1791   to 
1793. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


2G3 


JAMES,  CHARLES  T. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Rhode  Island,  from  1851  to 
1857. 

JAMES,  FRANCIS. 

He  was  a  native  of  Pennsylva 
nia,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1839 
to  1843. 

JAMESON,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Missouri,  from  1830  to  1831, 
and  again  from  1843  to  1845,  and 
for  another  term  from  1847  to  1849. 

JAMES,  HENRY  F. 

He  was  born  at  BrimBeld,  Hamp- 
den  County,  Massachusetts,  in  Oc 
tober,  1792;  studied  law  in  Mont- 
pelier,  Vermont,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  Washington  County 
in  1817,  and  commenced  to  practice 
at  Waterbury  in  that  year.  From 
1820  to  1830,  he  was  Postmaster 
at  Waterbury  ;  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislative  Council,  from  1830 
to  1834,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Vermont,  from 
1835  to  1837.  He  was  State  Trea 
surer  from  1838  to  1841 ;  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Council  of  Censors  in 
1848  ;  and  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature,  from  Waterbury,  in  1855, 
since  which  time  he  has  practiced 
his  profession. 

JARNAGIN,  SPENCER. 

Born  in  Granger  County,  Ten 
nessee  ;    graduated    at   Greenville 


College  in  1813;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1817; 
and  was  United  States  Senator 
from  Tennessee,  from  1843  to  1847. 
He  died  in  Memphis,  Tennessee, 
Jane  24,  1851. 

JARV1S,  LEONARD. 

He  was  born  in  1782  ;  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1800; 
and  died  in  Surry,  Maine,  Septem 
ber  18,  1854.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Maine, 
from  1831  to  1837  ;  and  served  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Naval  Affairs. 

JEFFERSON,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  at  Shadwell,  Virgi 
nia,  in   1743.     His  education  was 
principally   conducted    by   private 
tutors,    although    he    passed    two 
years   at  the    College   of  William 
and  Mary.     He  adopted  the  law  as 
his  profession ;    was  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  of  Virginia,  from 
17G9  to  the  commencement  of  the 
American   Revolution.      In    1775 
he  was  a  Delegate  in    Congress; 
I    and  on  May  15,  1776,  the  Conven- 
;   tion   of  Virginia   instructed    their 
:    Delegates  to  propose  a  declaration 
of   independence.      In  June,    Mr. 
Lee  accordingly  made  the  motion, 
and  it  was  voted  that  a  committee 
be  appointed  to  prepare  one.     The 
committee   was   elected  by  ballot, 
and  consisted  of  Thomas  Jefferson, 
John  Adams,  Benjamin  Franklin, 
Roger   Sherman,  and   Robert   R. 
Livingston.     The  Declaration  was 
exclusively  the  work  of  Jefferson, 


264 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


to  whom  the  right  of  drafting  it 
belonged,  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee,  though  alterations  and 
amendments  were  made  in  it  by 
Adams,  Franklin,  and  other  mem 
bers  of  the  Committee,  and  after 
wards  by  Congress.  Jefferson  re 
tired  from  Congress,  September, 
1776,  and  took  a  seat  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  his  State  in  October.  In 
1779  he  was  chosen  Governor,  and 
held  the  office  two  years;  he  de 
clined  a  foreign  appointment  in 
1776,  and  again  in  1781.  He  ac 
cepted  the  appointment  of  one  of 
the  Commissioners  for  negotiating 
peace,  but  before  he  sailed,  news 
was  received  of  the  signing  of  the 
provisional  treaty,  and  he  was  ex 
cused  from  proceeding  on  the  mis 
sion.  He  returned  to  Congress. 
In  1784  he  wrote  notes  on  the  es 
tablishment  of  a  money-unit,  and  of 
a  coinage  for  the  United  States  ;  in 
May  of  that  year  he  was  appointed, 
with  Adams  and  Franklin,  a  Min 
ister  Plenipotentiary  to  negotiate 
treaties  of  commerce  with  foreign 
nations.  In  1785  he  was  Minister 
to  the  French  Court.  In  1789  he 
returned  to  America  and  received 
from  Washington  the  appointment 
of  Secretary  of  State,  which  he  held 
till  December,  1793,  and  then  re 
signed.  In  September,  1794,  when 
an  appointment  was  offered  him  by 
Washington,  he  replied,  "  No  cir 
cumstances  will  ever  more  tempt 
me  to  engage  in  anything  public." 
Notwithstanding  this  determina 
tion,  he  suffered  himself  to  be  a 
candidate  for  President,  and  was 


chosen  Vice-President,  in  1796. 
At  the  election  in  1801,  he  and 
Aaron  Burr  having  an  equal  num 
ber  of  electoral  votes,  the  House 
of  Representatives,  after  a  severe 
struggle,  finally  determined  in  his 
favor.  He  was  re-elected  in  1805. 
At  the  end  of  his  second  term,  he 
retired  from  office.  He  died  July 
4,  1826,  at  one  o'clock  in  the  after 
noon,  just  fifty  years  from  the  date 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independ 
ence.  Preparations  had  been  made 
throughout  the  United  States  to 
celebrate  this  day,  as  a  jubilee  ;  and 
it  is  a  most  remarkable  fact,  that 
on  the  same  day,  John  Adams,  a 
signer  with  Jefferson  of  the  Decla 
ration,  and  the  second  on  the  Com 
mittee  for  drafting  it,  and  his  im 
mediate  predecessor  in  the  office  of 
President,  also  died.  Jefferson's 
publications  were  :  Summary  View 
of  the  Rights  of  British  America, 
1774;  Declaration  of  Independ 
ence,  1776;  Notes  on  Virginia, 
1781  ;  Manual  of  Parliamentary 
Practice,  for  the  Use  of  the  Se 
nate  ;  Life  of  Captain  Lewis,  1814; 
and  some  papers  of  a  philosophical 
character.  His  works,  chiefly  let 
ters,  were  first  published  by  his 
grandson,  Thomas  Jefferson  Ran 
dolph,  four  volumes,  8vo.,  1829. 

JENIFER,  DANIEL. 

Was  frequently  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  of  Maryland, 
and  represented  that  State  in  Con 
gress,  from  1831  to  1833,  and  from 
1835  to  1841.  During  the  admin 
istrations  of  Presidents  Harrison 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


2G5 


and  Tyler,  he  was  the  United  States 
Minister  to  Austria.  He  died  De 
cember  18,  1855,  near  Port  Tobac 
co,  Maryland. 

JENKINS,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1823 
to  1825. 

JENKINS,  ROBERT. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1807 
to  1811. 

JENKINS,  TIMOTHY. 

Born  in  Barre,  Worcester  County, 
Massachusetts,  January  29,  1799; 
received  an  academic  education  ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1824,  practicing  his  pro 
fession  in  Oneida  County,  New 
York  ;  he  was  District  Attorney 
for  that  county  six  years,  and  re 
signed  the  office  on  being  elected  a 
Representative  in  the  Twenty-ninth 
Congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirtieth  and  Thirty-second. 

JENKS,  MICHAEL  II. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1845. 

JENNESS,  BENNING  W. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  New  Hampshire,  during  the 
years  1845  and  1846. 

JENNINGS,  DAVID. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 


JENNINGS,  JONATHAN. 

He  was  the  first  Governor  of  In 
diana,  and  twice  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1809  to  1816,  and  from 
1822  to  1831.  In  1818  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Monroe,  In 
dian  Commissioner,  lie  died  near 
Charlestown,  Clarke  County,  Indi 
ana,  July  26,  1834. 

JEWETT,  FREEBORN  G. 

He  was  born  in  New  York  ;  was 
a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  that 
State  in  1826;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  the  same, 
from  1831  to  1833. 

JEWETT,  JOSHUA  II. 

He  was  born  at  Deer  Creek, 
Harford  County,  Maryland,  Sep 
tember  13,  1812,  and  having  adopt 
ed  the  profession  of  law,  removed 
to  Kentucky,  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  that  State,  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth 
Congresses.  He  is  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

JEWETT,  LUTHER. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont ;  gra 
duated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1795 ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Vermont,  from  1815 
to  1817. 

JOHNS,  KENSEF. 
He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 


gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1825  to  1826.  ;   from  Delaware,  from  1794  to  1795. 


266 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


JOHNS,  KENSEY. 

A  son  of  the  foregoing ;  was  born 
in  Delaware,  December  10,  1*791 ; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1810;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  practice  in  1813  ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Dela 
ware,  from  1827  to  1831;  in  1832 
he  was  appointed  Chancellor  of  the 
State  of  Delaware,  in  which  capa 
city  he  was  still  servimg  at  the  time 
of  his  death,  which  occurred  at  New 
Castle,  March  28,  1857. 

JOHNSON,  ANDREW. 

He  was  born  in  Raleigh,  North 
Carolina,  December  29, 1808;  when 
ten  years  of  age  he  was  apprenticed 
to  a  tailor,  and  worked  at  that  busi 
ness,  in  South  Carolina,  until  his 
seventeenth  year ;  he  never  attended 
school,  but  acquired  a  good  com 
mon  education  by  studying  alone. 
Having  removed  to  Greenville,  Ten 
nessee,  he  was  elected  Mayor  of 
that  place  in  1830  ;  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  in  1835 ;  to 
the  State  Senate  in  1841 ;  and  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1843  to  1853. 
During  the  latter  year  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  Tennessee,  and  re- 
elected  in  1855.  He  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress  in  1857,  for 
the  term  ending  in  1863.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Pub 
lic  Lands  and  on  the  District  of 
Columbia. 

JOHNSON,  CAVE. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee ;  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education,  and 


adopted  the  profession  of  law ;  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
!  from  Tennessee,  from  1829  to  1837, 
•  and  again  from  1839  to  1845,  after 
:  which  he  went  into  the  cabinet  of 
'  President  Polk  as  Postmaster-Gen 
eral. 

JOHNSON,  CHARLES. 

Born  in  Chowan  County,  North 
Carolina ;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  for  many  years, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress 
during  the  years  1801  and  1802. 

JOHNSON,  CHARLES. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress; 
from  New  York,  from  1839  to 
1841. 

JOHNSON,  FRANCIS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1821  to 

1827. 

JOHNSON,  HARVEY  A. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 
having  removed  to  Ohio,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

JOHNSON,  HENRY. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 

j  from  Louisiana,  from  1818  to  1824 ; 

from  1824  to  1828  he  was  Governor 

of  that  State;  from  1835  to  1839 

was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 

and  was  a  second  time  elected  to 

I  the  United  States  Senate,  serving 

from  1843  to  1849. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


2G7 


JOHNSON,  IIERSCHEL  V. 

Born  in  Burke  County,  Georgia, 
September  18, 1812.  He  graduated 
at  the  University  of  Georgia  in 
1834,  and  adopted  the  profession  of 
law.  He  was  a  Presidential  Elec 
tor  in  1844;  in  1848  was  appointed 
to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  United 
States  Senate  ;  and  in  1H49  he  was 
elected  a  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court. 

JOHNSON,  JAMES. 
He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Virginia,  from  1813  to  1820, 
and  in  the  latter  year  was  appointed 
Collector  of  Norfolk  and  Ports 
mouth,  Virginia. 

JOHNSON,  JAMES. 
He  served  as  lieutenant-colonel 
under  Colonel  R.  M.  Johnson,  at 
the  battle  of  the  Thames ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  during  the  years  1825 
and  1826. 

JOHNSON,  JAMES. 
He  was  a  native  of  Georgia,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

JOHNSON,  JAMES  H. 
He  was  born  in  Xew  Hampshire, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1845  to 
1847,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Manufactures. 

JOHNSON,  JAMES  L. 
He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 


JOHNSON,  JEROME. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Jsew  York  City,  from 
1825  to  1829,  and  died  in  Goshen, 
Orange  County,  New  York,  Sep 
tember  7,  184G. 

JOHNSON,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  the  County  of 
Tyrone,  Ireland,  in  1808;  received 
a  common  school  education,  and 
emigrated  to  Ohio,  in  1824,  where 
he  is  devoted  to  agricultural  pur 
suits.  He  has  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Ohio  Senate,  and  in  the  last 
Constitutional  Convention  of  that 
State,  and  was  a  Representative  iu 
Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

JOHNSON,  JOHN  T. 

He  was  brother  of  Richard  M. 
Johnson  ;  once  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Appeals  of  Kentucky,  and  re 
presented  that  State  in  Congress, 
from  1821  to  1825.  For  thirty 
years  he  was  a  preacher  of  the 
gospel,  without  a  salary.  He  died 
in  Lexington,  Missouri,  December 
18,  1857. 

JOHNSON,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
on  removing  to  Virginia,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1823  to  1827,  from  1835  to  1841, 
and  from  1845  to  1847. 

JOHNSON,  NOADIAH. 

He  served  in  the  Legislature  of 
New  York,  was  a  member  of  Con- 


268 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


gress,  from  1833  to  1835  ;  and  died 
at  Albany,  April  4,  1839. 

JOHNSON,  PERLEY  B. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

JOHNSON,  REVERDY. 

Born  in  Annapolis,  Maryland, 
May  21,  1796 ;  was  educated  at  St. 
John's  College,  Annapolis  ;  studied 
law  with  his  father,  and  having 
been  admitted  to  the  bar,  has  prac 
ticed  his  profession  without  inter 
mission  to  the  present  time ;  his 
first  appointment  was  that  of  State 
Attorney;  in  1817  he  removed  to 
Baltimore,  (where  he  has  since  re 
sided,)  and  in  1820  was  appointed 
Chief  Commissioner  of  Insolvent 
Debtors,  which  office  he  held  until 
1821,  when  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate,  serving  two  years; 
in  1845  he  was  chosen  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  where  he  remained 
until  1849,  when  he  resigned  to 
accept  the  post  of  Attorney-General 
of  the  United  States,  bestowed  upon 
him  by  President  Taylor.  On  his 
leaving  the  latter  position,  he  turned 
his  whole  attention  to  his  profes 
sion,  practicing  chiefly  in  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  United  States. 
Mr.  Johnson  has  also  taken  an  ac 
tive  part  in  the  preparation  of  seven 
volumes  of  Reports  of  Decisions  in 
the  Court  of  Appeals  of  Maryland. 

JOHNSON,  RICHARD  M. 
He  was   born   in   Kentucky,   in 
IT 80,  and  died  at  Frankfort,  No 
vember  19,  1850.     In  1807  he  was 


chosen  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  which. post 
he  held  for  twelve  years.  In  1813 
he  raised  a  volunteer  regiment  of 
cavalry,  of  one  thousand  men,  to 
fight  the  British  and  Indians  on 
the  Lakes,  and  during  the  cam 
paign  that  followed,  served  with 
great  credit,  under  General  Harri 
son,  as  a  colonel  of  that  regiment. 
He  greatly  distinguished  himself  at 
the  battle  of  the  Thames,  and  the 
Chief  Tecumseh  is  said  to  have 
been  killed  by  his  hand.  In  1814 
he  was  appointed  Indian  Commis- 
missioner,  by  President  Madison. 
In  1819  he  went  from  the  House 
into  the  Senate,  to  fill  an  unexpired 
term,  was  re-elected,  and  served  as 
Senator  until  1829.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  the  House,  and  remained 
there  until  1837,  when  he  became 
Vice-President,  and  as  such  pre 
sided  over  the  Senate.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Kentucky  Legislature,  and 
he  died  from  a  second  attack  of 
paralysis.  He  was  a  kind-hearted, 
courageous,  and  talented  man. 

JOHNSON,  R.  W. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
is  about  forty-five  years  of  age.  He 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Arkansas,  in  1847,  and 
served  until  1853,  and  from  that 
period  to  the  present,  he  has  been 
a  Senator  in  Congress.  He  has 
been,  until  recently,  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Printing,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Mili 
tary  Affairs  and  on  Public  Lands. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


2G9 


JOHNSON,  WILLIAM  C. 

Born  in  Frederick  County,  Mary 
land,  in  1800  ;   received  an  acade-  | 
mic   education;    studied   law,  and 
was   admitted   to    practice   in   the  • 
Supreme  Court  in  1831 ;  and  was  \ 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1833  to  1835,  and  from  1837  to 
1843.     He  served  in  the  State  Le 
gislature  before  entering  and  after  ; 
he  left  Congress;  was  a  member  of 
the  last  Covention  for  revising  the  ' 
Constitution  of  Maryland  ;  and  was  ! 
President  of  the  National  Conven 
tion  of  Young  Men,  which  met  in 
Washington    to    nominate    Henry 
Clay  for  President.     When  in  Con 
gress,  Mr.  Johnson  officiated,  for  a 
number   of  years,  as  Chairman  of 
the  Committee   on   Public   Lands, 
and  also  as  a  member  of  the  Judici 
ary  Committee. 

JOHNSON,  WILLIAM  S. 

Born  at  Stratford,  Connecticut, 
October  7, 1727  ;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1744;  studied  law,  and 
acquired  distinction  as  a  pleader 
and  orator.  In  1765  he  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Congress  at  New 
York,  and  in  17C6  an  Agent  for 
the  Colony  to  England.  In  1772 
he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Connecticut ;  was 
again  a  Delegate  to  the  New  York 
Congress  in  1785,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  in  1787  of  the  Convention 
which  framed  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States.  He  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  1789  to  1791, 
and  from  1792  to  1800,  President 
of  Columbia  College,  in  New  York ; 


after  which  he  returned  to  his  na 
tive  village,  where  he  died,  Novem 
ber  14,  1819. 

JOHNSTON,  CHARLES  C. 

A  member  of  Congress,  from 
Virginia,  from  1831  to  1832,  having 
died  at  Washington,  June  18,  of 
the  latter  year.  He  was  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Imprisonment 
for  Debt. 

JOHNSTON,  JOSIAII  S. 

He  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Con 
necticut,  November  25,  1784,  but 
was  taken  by  his  father,  in  infancy, 
to  Kentucky.  He  graduated  at 
Transylvania  University,  and  stu 
died  law.  He  removed  to  Louisi 
ana  in  1805,  and  commenced  his 
professional  career  at  Alexandria, 
on  the  lied  River;  and,  in  1812, 
was  a  leading  man  in  the  State  Le 
gislature  ;  he  was  next  appointed 
District  Judge,  and  represented 
Louisiana,  in  Congress,  from  1821 
to  1823 ;  and  in  1824  he  was  elected 
to  the  United  States  Senate,  retain 
ing  that  position  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  May  19,  1833,  by 
the  explosion  of  gunpowder  on  board 
the  steamboat  Lionf-ss,  on  Red 
River. 

JOHNSTON,  SAMUEL. 

Governor  of  North  Carolina, 
from  1787  to  1789;  was  President 
of  the  Convention  of  that  State, 
which  ratified  the  Federal  Consti 
tution,  and  had  been  a  member  of 
Congress  previous  to  1789,  when 
he  was  appointed  Senator,  from 
North  Carolina,  and  served  till 


270 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1793;  was  afterwards  a  judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Law  and 
Equity.  He  was  a  native  of  Eden- 
ton,  and  died  at  Sherwarkey,  Au 
gust  18,  1816,  aged  eighty-three. 

JONES,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and, 
having  removed  to  Ohio,  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1837. 

JONES,  DANIEL  T. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and, 
having  settled  in  New  York,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1855. 

JONES,  FRANCIS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1817  to 
1823. 

JONES,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Georgia,  during  the  session  of 
1807. 

JONES,  GEORGE  W. 

Born  at  Yincennes,  Indiana,  and 
graduated  at  Transylvania  Univer 
sity,  Kentucky,  in  1825.  He  was 
bred  to  the  law,  but  ill  health  pre 
vented  him  from  practicing.  He 
was  Clerk  of  the  United  States  Dis 
trict  Court,  in  Missouri,  in  1826; 
served  as  an  aid-de-camp  to  General 
Henry  Dodge,  in  the  Black  Hawk 
war ;  was  chosen  colonel  of  militia  in 
1832 ;  subsequently  major-general ; 
also  a  judge ;  in  1835  was  elected  a 
Delegate  to  Congress,  from  the 


Territory  of  Michigan,  and  served 
four  years;  in  1839  was  appointed, 
by  President  Yan  Buren,  Surveyor- 
General  of  the  Northwest ;  was  re 
moved  in  1841,  for  his  politics,  but 
re-appointed,  by  President  Polk, 
and  remained  in  the  office  until 
1849 ;  in  1848  he  was  elected  a 
United  States  Senator,  from  Iowa, 
for  six  years,  and  re-elected  in  1852, 
and  is  now  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Pensions  and  on  Enrolled 
Bills,  and  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Territories. 

JONES,  GEORGE  W. 

Born  in  King  and  Queen  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  March  15,  1806.  He 
began  life  by  adopting  the  occupa 
tion  of  a  saddler ;  was  a  justice  of 
the  peace  for  three  years;  in  1834 
a  justice  to  hold  the  Quorum  Court 
in  Lincoln  County;  in  1835  and  1837 
was  elected  to  the  Tennessee  Legis 
lature  ;  in  1839  to  the  State  Senate ; 
in  1840  and  1842  was  elected  Clerk 
of  the  Lincoln  County  Court,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  to 
Congress,  in  1843,  to  which  posi 
tion  he  has  been  regularly  re-elected 
to  the  present  time,  serving  during 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Roads 
and  Canals.  In  1853,  upon  the 
inauguration  of  President  Pierce, 
Mr.  Jones  was  appointed  Special 
Bearer  of  Dispatches  to  the  Ameri 
can  Consul  at  Havana,  authoriz 
ing  him  to  administer  the  official 
oath  to  the  Yice-President,  W.  R. 
King,  who  had  visited  Cuba  for  his 
health. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


271 


JONES,  ISAAC  D. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 

JONES,  JAMES. 

Born  in  Maryland,  and  removed 
to  Georgia  when  young.  He  stu 
died  law,  and  settled  in  Savannah. 
He  was  often  a  member  of  the  Le 
gislature  of  Georgia,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1799  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  Washington,  I 
January  12,  1801. 

JONES,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Amelia  County, 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1819  to  1823. 

JONES,  J.  C. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1851  to  1857. 

JONES,  J.  CLANCY. 

He  was  born  on  the  Conestoga 
River,  Pennsylvania,  October  1, 
1811.  By  his  early  education  he 
was  prepared  for  the  Church,  but 
preferred  the  law,  to  which  he  de 
voted  himself  with  success ;  and 
while  Deputy  Attorney-General  of 
the  State,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  serving  from  1850  to  1858. 
He  was  the  author,  in  the  House, 
of  the  Bill  creating  the  Court  of 
Claims,  when  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Claims;  and  by  Mr. 


Speaker  Orr,  was  placed  at  the 
head  of  the  Committee  of  Ways 
and  Means.  He  was  a  Presidential 
Elector  in  1856,  and  was  tendered, 
by  President  Buchanan,  the  Mis 
sion  to  Berlin,  which  he  declined  ; 
but  in  October,  1858,  he  was  offered 
the  mission  to  Austria,  and  accept 
ed  the  appointment. 

JONES,  JOHN  W. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1835  to  1845. 

JONES,  JOHN  W. 

Born  on  Rock  Creek,  Montgo 
mery  County,  Maryland,  April  14, 
180G;  when  quite  young  he  re 
moved,  with  his  father,  to  Ken 
tucky,  where  he  received  a  good 
English  and  classical  education,  at 
the  Carlisle  Seminary;  as  his  health 
would  permit,  he  devoted  himself 
to  the  study  of  medicine,  attended 
lectures  at  the  Pennsylvania  Aca 
demy,  and  from  Jefferson  College 
received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Medicine.  In  1840  he  was  elected 
to  the  Georgia  Legislature,  and  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Georgia,  from  1847  to  1849. 
In  1849  he  removed  to  Alabama, 
and  devoted  himself  to  Agriculture ; 
but,  returning  to  Georgia,  was  ap 
pointed  a  medical  professor  in  the 
Atlanta  Medical  College,  which  po 
sition  he  still  holds.  He  enjoys 
the  reputation  of  having  done  much 
for  the  cause  of  education  in  the 
States  of  Georgia  and  Alabama. 


272 


BIOGRAPHICAL     SKETCHES. 


JONES,  NATHANIEL. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1821  and  1828; 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1831  to  1841 ;  a 
State  Senator  in  1852  and  1853; 
and  also  held  the  offices  of  Survey 
or-General  of  the  State,  and  Canal 
Commissioner. 

JONES,  OWEN. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania ;  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  and  a  Representative 
in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from 
his  native  State. 

JONES,  ROLAND. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-third  Congress,  from  that 
State. 

JONES,  SEABORN. 

He  was  born  in  Columbus,  Geor 
gia,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1833  to  1835,  and  again  from  1845 
to  1847. 

JONES,  WALTER. 

Born  in  Virginia,  and  educated 
as  a  physician  at  Edinburg,  about 
the  year  1770;  on  his  return  he 
settled  at  Northumberland  County, 
where  he  had  extensive  practice  in 
his  profession.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1797  to 
1799,  and  again  from  1803  to 
1811.  He  died  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Virginia,  December  31, 
1815,  aged  seventy-six  years. 


JONES,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1801  to  1803. 

JUDSON,  ANDREW  T. 

Born  at  Eastford,  Connecticut, 
November  29,  1784;  his  education 
was  obtained  at  the  Common 
Schools,  and  under  the  instructions 
of  his  father  and  brother.  He 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1806,  when  he  removed 
to  Montpelier,  Vermont,  and  prac 
ticed  in  that  State;  he  afterwards 
returned  to  his  native  town,  and  in 
1809  went  to  Canterbury,  which  he 
made  his  permanent  residence.  In 
1819  he  received  the  appointment 
of  States  Attorney  for  Windham 
County,  which  office  he  held  for 
fourteen  years.  He  was  at  differ 
ent  times  a  member  of  both  branches 
of  the  Legislature,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1835 
to  1839,  when  he  was  elected  Judge 
of  the  District  Court,  and  con 
tinued  in  that  position  until  his 
death.  In  October,  1.850,  he  was 
designated,  by  the  Circuit  Judge  of 
the  Second  Circuit,  to  hold  the 
Courts  of  the  United  States  in  the 
Southern  District  of  New  York, 
during  the  illness  of  the  distin 
guished  Judge  of  that  District,  and 
he  officiated  at  the  trial  of  Mr. 
0 'Sullivan,  and  others,  for  the  at 
tempted  Cuban  invasion.  Among 
the  causes  which  were  brought  be 
fore  him  for  adjudication,  was  the 
libel  of  the  Amistad,  and  the  fifty- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


273 


four  Africans  on  board.     He  died 
at  home,  March  IT,  1853. 

JULIAN,  GEORGE  W. 

He  was  bora  in  Indiana,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 

KANE,  ELIAS  K. 

He  was  born  in  New  York  State 
about  the  year  1795,  and  was  bred 
to  the  legal  profession.  At  an  early 
period  of  his  life  he  went  to  Tennes 
see,  and  finally  settled  in  Kaskaskia, 
in  Illinois  Territory,  in  1815.  In 
1818  he  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  for  framing  a  State  Consti 
tution,  and  when  that  government 
was  organized,  he  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  State.  He  was  sub 
sequently  elected  a  member  of  the 
Legislature;  and  from  1825  to 
1836  he  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Illinois,  officiating  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Private 
Land  Claims.  He  died  at  Wash 
ington,  District  of  Columbia,  De 
cember  12,  1835. 

KAUFMAN,  DAVID  S. 

Born  in  Cumberland,  Pennsylva 
nia,  in  1813;  graduated  at  Prince 
ton  College  in  1833;  not  long  after 
he  removed  to  Natchez,  Mississippi, 
and  read  law  in  the  office  of  Gene 
ral  Quitman.  In  1835  he  settled  in 
Natchitoches,  Louisiana.  In  1837  he 
emigrated  to  Nacogdoches,  in  Texas, 
and  in  1838  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  the  Texan  Congress ;  he  was 
twice  re-elected  and  twice  chosen 
Speaker  of  the  House.  In  1843  he 
18 


was  elected  to  the  Senate,  and 
from  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Re 
lations  in  1844,  presented  a  report 
in  favor  of  annexation,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  its  consummation. 
In  1845  he  was  appointed  Chargo  to 
this  government,  but  that  office  was 
superseded  by  the  final  act  of  an 
nexation,  and  he  was  elected  one  of 
the  first  members  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  from  Texas,  serv 
ing  from  1846  to  1851.  He  died  in 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
January  13,  1851. 

KAVANAGH,  EDWARD. 

He  was  born  in  1776,  was  Acting 
Governor  of  the  State  of  Maine  in 
1843  and  1844,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1831  to 
1835;  when  he  was  appointed 
Charge  d'Affairesto  Portugal.  He 
died  at  Newcastle,  Maine,  January 
20,  1844. 

KEESE,  RICHARD. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1827  to  1829. 

KELM,  GEORGE  M. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1838  to  1843. 

KEIM,  WILLIAM  H. 

He  was  born  in  Reading,  Berks 
County,  Pennsylvania,  June  25, 
1813;  was  educated  at  the  Mount 
Airy  Military  Academy;  but,  turn 
ing  his  attention  to  mercantile  pur 
suits,  continued  in  active  business 


274 


BIOORAPHIC AL    SKETCHES. 


until  1855.  He  has  held,  almost 
continuously  for  thirty  years,  a 
number  of  military  offices,  his  pre 
sent  title  being  that  of  Major-Gen 
eral  of  the  5th  Division  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  Volunteers;  in  1848  he 
was  elected  Mayor  of  Reading ;  and 
in  November,  1858,  he  \vas  elected 
to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  the  j 
Hon.  J.  Glancy  Jones,  (appointed 
Minister  to  Austria,)  and  took  his 
seat  at  the  commencement  of  the 
second  session  of  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress. 

KEITT,  LAWRENCE  M. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
October  4,  1824;  graduated  at  the 
College  of  South  Carolina  in  1843  ; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1845;  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  in  1848;  and 
in  1853  to  a  seat  in  the  National 
House  of  Representatives,  having 
been  regularly  re-elected  to  the  pre 
sent  time.  He  is  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and 
Grounds.  He  has  also  been  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

KELLOGG,  CHARLES. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
served  six  years  in  the  New  York 
Assembly,  from  Cayuga  County, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1825  to 
1827. 

KELLOGG,  ORLANDO. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 


KELLOGG,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Ashtabula  County,  Ohio, 
July  8,  1814,  and  removed  to  Illi 
nois  in  1837.  His  education  was 
obtained  in  the  common  schools  of 
the  country,  and  having  studied  law, 
acquired  an  extensive  practice  in  the 
district  of  disputed  land  titles  in  Il 
linois.  He  served  in  the  State  Le 
gislature  in  1849  and  1850,  and 
was  three  years  Judge  of  the  Cir 
cuit  Court  of  Illinois,  and  elected  a 
Representative,  from  that  State,  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Public  Expenditures. 

KELLY,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1805  to  1809. 

KELLY,  JOHN. 

Born  in  the  City  of  New  York, 
April  21,  1821;  educated  at  the 
public  schools,  in  that  city ;  by 
trade  a  mason ;  was  Alderman  of 
the  city  for  two  years  ;  and  elected 
Representative  in  the  Thirty-fourth 
and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving 
on  the  Committee  of  Ways  and 
Means.  In  October,  1858,  he  was 
elected  High  Sheriff  for  the  City 
and  County  of  New  York,  said  to 
be  one  of  the  most  lucrative  offices 
in  the  country. 

KELLY,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Louisiana,  during  the 
years  1821  and  1822  ;  and  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  1822  to  1825. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


KELSEY,  WILLIAM   II. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
that  State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Agri 
culture. 

KKMULE.  GOUVERNEUR. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1841. 

KEMPSHALL,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  England,  and 
having  emigrated  to  New  York, 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1841. 

KENAN,  THOMAS. 

Born  in  Duplin  County,  North 
Carolina,  iu  1771.  Inl799hewas 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Dele 
gates  ;  served  in  the  State  Senate 
in  1804;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1805  to 
1811.  He  subsequently  removed 
to  Alabama,  where  he  served  for 
many  years  in  the  Legislature  of 
that  State,  but  declined  are-election 
to  Congress.  Died  near  Selma, 
October  22,  1843. 

KENDALL,  JONAS. 

He  was  born  at  Worcester,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1757;  obtained  a 
finished  education  by  his  own  un 
aided  exertions ;  served  thirteen 
years  in  the  Legislature  of  Massa- 
chussetts ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1819  to  1821.  Died  in  Leo- 


minster,  Massachusetts,  October  22, 
1844. 

KENDALL,  JOSEPH  G. 

Born  iu  1788;  graduated  at 
Harvard  College,  in  1810,  and  was 
a  tutor  in  that  University,  from 
1812  to  1819.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  the 
Northern  District  of  Worcester 
County,  Massachusetts,  from  1829 
to  1833;  and  then  appointed  Clerk 
of  the  8tate  Courts.  He  died  at 
Worcester,  Massachusetts,  October 
2,  1847. 

KENNEDY,   ANDREW. 

Born  in  Ohio,  in  1810;  was  bred 
a  blacksmith,  and  at  the  age  of  nine 
teen  could  neither  read  nor  write. 
He  subsequently  studied  law,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate 
of  Indiana ;  and  represented  that 
State  in  Congress,  from  1841  to 
1847.  He  died  at  Muncietown, 
Indiana,  December  31,  1847. 

KENNEDY,  ANTHONY. 

Born  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  in 
1811 ;  removed,  when  ten  years  of 
age,  to  Virginia  ;  educated  at  Jef 
ferson  Academy,  Charlestown,  Vir 
ginia  ;  studied  law,  but  abandoned 
it,  and  subsequently  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  cotton  and  in  plant 
ing.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  Virginia,  from  1839 
to  1843,  and  an  unsuccessful  candi 
date  for  Congress,  from  Virginia  ; 
removed  to  Baltimore  in  1850,  and 
was  elected  to  the  Maryland  Le 
gislature  in  1856,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Ways  and 


276 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Means;  and  by  that  body  elected 
to  the  United  States  Senate,  for  six 
years,  from  March  4,  1857,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on  Pri 
vate  Land  Claims,  and  on  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia. 

KENNEDY,  JOHN  P. 
He  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Octo 
ber,   1795.      He  studied   law   and 
practiced  in  that  city  until  1838, 
when  he  was  elected  to  the  House 
of  Representatives,  in  the  Federal 
Legislature,  and  served  in  that  body 
through  the  Twenty-fifth,  Twenty- 
seventh  and    Twenty-eighth    Con 
gresses;    elected  in    1840  to    the 
House  of  Delegates  of  Maryland, 
(of  which  he  had  been  a  member  in 
the   sessions    of   1820  and  1822,) 
he  was  made  Speaker,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  the  measure  which 
was   then   adopted  to  resume  the 
payment  of  the  State  debt,  and  the 
restoration    of    the    public    credit. 
Since   1847,  he  has  held  no  local 
political  post,  but  has  devoted  his 
time  to  literary  pursuits.     His  last 
national  position  was  that  of  Se 
cretary  of  the   Navy,    under  Pre 
sident  Fillmore.     In  1849,  he  was 
chosen  by  the  regents  of  the  Uni 
versity    of    Maryland    to    preside 
over  that  institution,   as    provost, 
which  position    he   now   occupies. 
Among  his  various  political  tracts, 
speeches,    reports,  and    addresses, 
which  have  been  published,  are  "  A 
Review  of  Mr.  Cambreling's  Free- 
Trade  Report,  by  Mephistopheles," 
in  1830;    "The  Memorial   of   the 
Permanent  Committee  of  the  New   | 
York   Convention   of    Friends    of  I 


Domestic  Industry,"  in  1833;  an 
elaborate  report  on  "The  Com 
merce  and  Navigation  of  the  United 
States,  by  the  Committee  of  Com 
merce,"  (of  which  Mr.  Kennedy 
was  chairman,)  in  1842,  and  a  re 
port  from  the  same  committee  on 
"  The  Warehouse  System,"  in  1843. 
Besides  these,  he  has  published 
several  pamphlets  and  tracts,  in 
defence  of  the  protective  system. 
In  the  field  of  general  literature, 
he  is  known  to  the  public  as 
the  author  of  "  Swallow  Barn, 
a  Sojourn  in  the  Old  Do 
minion."  "Horse-Shoe  Robinson," 
"  Rob  of  the  Bowl,"  "  Quod  Libet," 
"  Memoirs  of  the  life  of  William 
Wirt,  late  Attorney-General  of  the 
United  States,"  sundry  historical, 
biographical,  and  literary  discourses, 
essays,  and  reviews,  which  have  not 
yet  been  collected  into  volumes. 
He  is  an  active  member  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  Maryland,  of 
which  he  is  the  Vice-President. 

KENNEDY,  WILLIAM. 

He  was-  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1803  to  1805,  from  1809  to  1811, 
and  from  1813  to  1815. 

KENNETT,  LUTHER  M. 

He  was  born  in  Falmouth,  Pen- 
dleton  County,  Kentucky,  March 
15,  1807  ;  received  a  good  English 
and  classical  education ;  was  for  a 
number  of  years  Deputy  Clerk  of 
Pendleton  and  Campbell  Counties  ; 
he  studied  law,  and  in  1825  re 
moved  to  Missouri,  where  he  en- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


•J77 


gaged  in  mercantile  pursuits;  having 
settled  in  St.  Louis  in  1842,  he  was 
elected  to  the  Councils  of  that  city ; 
in  1849  he  was  Chairman  of  the 
Pacific  Railroad  Convention,  held 
in  St.  Louis,  and  subsequently  Vice- 
President  of  the  company  formed 
for  commencing  the  work ;  in  1850 
he  was  elected  Mayor  of  St.  Louis, 
and  re-elected  in  1851  and  1852; 
in  1853  he  was  elected  President  of 
the  St.  Louis  and  Iron  Mountain 
Railroad  ;  and  he  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Missouri, 
(St.  Louis  District,)  from  1855  to 
1857. 

KEXXOX,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  having  emigrated  to  Ohio,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1829 
to  1833,  from  1833  to  1837,  and 
from  1847  to  1849. 

KENT,  JOSEPH. 

Born  in  1779,  in  Calvert  County, 
Maryland  ;  was  educated  for  a  phy 
sician,  and  combined  the  practice  of 
his  profession  with  the  pursuits  of 
agriculture.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  fr<yn  his  native 
State,  from  1811  to  1815,  and  from 
1821  to  1826;  Governor  of  Mary 
land,  from  1826  to  1829;  and 
United  States  Senator,  from  1833 
to  1837.  He  died  near  his  resi 
dence,  in  the  vicinity  of  Bladens- 
burg,  Maryland,  November  24, 
1839,  in  the  fifty-ninth  year  of  his 
age. 


KENT,  MOSS. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly,  in  1807  and  1810, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1813 
to  1817. 

KEUR,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1813 
to  1817. 

KERR,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
received  a  liberal  education,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
his  native  State,  from  1853  to  1855; 
and  was  subsequently  elected  to 
the  House  of  Commons  of  that 
State,  where  he  still  continues. 

KERR,  JOHN  BOZMAN. 

Born  at  Easton,  Talbot  County, 
Maryland,  March  5,  1809;  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1830 ;  he  studied  law  at  Easton, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1833.  Was  a  member  of  the  Ge 
neral  Assembly  of  Maryland,  from 
1836  to  1838;  and  from  1847  to 
1849  he  acted  as  deputy  for  the 
Attorney  General  of  Maryland,  for 
Talbot  County.  From  1849  to 
1851,  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  and  at  the  end  of  the 
session,  was  appointed  by  President 
Fillmore,  Charge  d'Affaires  to  the 
Republic  of  Nicaragua ;  during  the 
revolution  of  1851  he  had  the  good 
fortune,  as  the  National  Represen- 


278 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


tative  of  Central  America,  to  bring 
about  an  armistice  and  was  instru 
mental  in  saving  the  lives  of  lead 
ing  officers  of  the  revolutionary 
party,  for  which  he  received  a  for 
mal  expression  of  thanks  from  the 
Executive  on  leaving  the  country ; 
and  in  1853  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States  voted  him  an  extra 
sum  for  services  in  Central  Ame 
rica.  In  1854  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  the 
City  of  Baltimore,  where  he  now 
resides. 

KERR,  JOHN  L. 

He  was  born  at  Greenbury  Point, 
near  Annapolis,  Maryland,  Janu 
ary  15,  1780;  graduated  at  St. 
John's  College  in  1799;  studied 
law  with  John  Leeds  Bozman,  and 
practiced  the  profession  with  suc 
cess  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Maryland,  from  1825 
to  1829,  and  again  from  1831  to 
1833;  he  was  also  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1841  to  1843.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  National  Con 
vention,  held  at  Harrisburg  in  1839, 
and  at  the  head  of  the  Electoral 
ticket  for  President  during  the  same 
year.  Before  entering  Congress, 
he  was  the  agent  of  Maryland  in 
the  prosecution  of  militia  claims 
against  the  United  States.  He 
died  at  his  homestead,  in  Maryland, 
February  21,  1844. 

KERR,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1814  to 
1815. 


KERSIIAW,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1813 
to  1815,  when  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Madison,  one  of  the 
three  Commissioners  to  run  the 
Creek  boundry  lines. 

KEY,  PHILIP. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  17.91  to 
1793. 

KEY,  PHILIP  BARTON. 

Was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1807  to 
1813,  and  died  at  Georgetown,  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  July  28,  1815, 
aged  fifty  years.  He  was  a  native 
of  Maryland,  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
and  a  man  of  high  abilities  and 
character. 

KEYES,  EIJAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1821  to 
1823. 

KIDDER,  DAVID. 

He  was  born  in  Dresden,  Lincoln 
County,  Maine,  December  8,  1787; 
received  a  classical  education  from 
private  tutors ;  studied  law,  and  set 
tled  in  Somerset  County,  where  he 
held  many  local  offices  ;  and  he  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Maine,  from  1823  to  1827. 

KIDWELL,  ZEDEKIAII. 

He  was  born  in  Fairfax  County, 
Virginia,  January  4,  1814;  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


279 


educated  by  his  father ;  studied  medi 
cine,  and  graduated  at  tltc  Jefferson 
Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  in 
1839;  after  practicing  medicine  some 
years,  he  commenced  in   1848  the 
study  of  law,  and  began  to  practice 
as  a  lawyer  in  1849;   he  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  Legislature 
of  Virginia ;  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Constitutional  Convention  in  i 
1829  ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector  in  j 
1852  ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1853  to 
1857.     In  1857  he  was  elected  one  , 
of  three  Commissioners  to  superin 
tend  the  public  works  for  the  State  | 
of  Virginia,  representing   in   that  j 
board  the  Third  District. 

KILBOUllNE,  JAMES. 

Born  in  New  Britain,  Connecti 
cut,  October  19,  1770;  while  ap 
prenticed  as  a  farmer's  boy  he  re 
ceived  instruction  in  Latin  and 
Greek  and  mathematics,  from  the 
son  of  his  employer ;  was  next  a 
mechanic,  then  a  merchant  and 
manufacturer,  and  finally  studied 
divinity,  and  became  a  clergyman  of 
the  Episcopal  Church.  In  1803  he 
was  instrumental  in  forming  an  emi 
grating  colony  to  Central  Ohio, 
called  the  "  Sciota  Company;"  a 
town  was  soon  organized,  and  named 
Worthington.  In  1805  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  Congress  to  the  office  of 
United  States  Surveyor  of  Public 
Lands  ;  and  in  1806  he  was  chosen 
by  the  Legislature  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  Ohio  College, 
at  Athens.  In  1812  he  was  ap 


pointed  by  the  President,  a  Commis 
sioner  to  settle  the  boundary  between 
the  public  lands  and  the  Virginia 
Reservation,  and  also  commissioned 
as  colonel  of  the  frontier  regiment. 
He  was  one  of  the  Commissioners 
for  locating  Miami  University,  and 
President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  Worthington  College.  From 
1813  to  1817  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Ohio  Legislature. 
He  died  in  Worthington,  April, 
1850. 

KILGOliE,  DAVID. 

He  was  born  in  Harrison  County, 
Kentucky,  April  3,  1804,  and  re 
moved  with  his  father  to  Indiana  in 
1819,  and  settled  in  Franklin  Coun 
ty,  lie  received  a  common  school 
education,  and  commenced  the  study 
of  law  in  1825,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1830,  and  removed  to 
Delaware  County.  In  1833  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature, 
and  served  several  years.  In  1839 
he  was  elected  by  the  Legislature 
President  Judge  of  the  Judicial 
Circuit  in  which  he  resided,  and 
held  the  office  seven  years.  In  1850 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Constitu 
tional  Convention  of  the  State.  In 
1854  was  again  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature,  and  was  Speaker  of  the 
House.  In  1856  he  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Indiana,  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  has  been 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Expenditures  in  the  Treasury  De 
partment. 


280 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


KILLE,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1841. 

KINCAID,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1829  to 
1833. 

KING,  ADAM. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1827 
to  1833,  and  died  in  May,  1835. 

KING,  CYRUS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1813  to  1817. 

KING,  DANIEL  PUTNAM. 

Born  in  Danvers,  Massachusetts, 
in  1800;  graduated  at  Harvard  in 
1823.  At  first  he  contemplated  the 
study  of  the  law,  but  soon  aban 
doned  it  for  the  practice  of  agricul 
ture.  In  1836  and  1837  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legis 
lature,  in  1838  and  1839  a  member 
of  the  State  Senate,  and  in  1840 
and  1841  President  of  that  body. 
Speaker  of  the  House  in  1843,  and 
during  that  year  he  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  and 
held  that  position  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Danvers,  July  25, 
1850. 

KING,  GEORGE  G. 

He  was  born  in  Rhode  Island, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 


[  gress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1853. 

KING,  HENRY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1831 
to  1835. 

KING,  JAMES  G. 

He  was  born  at  Highwood,  New 
Jersey,  in  1791 ;  was  taken  to  Eng 
land  by  his  father  when  American 
Minister,  and  was  educated  there, 
and  graduated  at  Harvard  College 
in  1810  ;  was  an  eminent  merchant 
and  banker  in  New  York  City,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  Jersey,  from  1849  to  1851. 
He  died  in  Highwood,  New  Jersey, 
October  3,  1853,  aged  sixty-two 
years. 

KING,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  1775  ;  served  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1831  to  1833;  and  died  at  New 
Lebanon,  New  York,  September  1, 
1838. 

KING,  JOHN  A. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 

KING,  JOHN  P. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Georgia,  from  1834  to  1838. 

KING,  PERKINS. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1827,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1829  to  1831. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


281 


KING,  PRESTON. 
Born  at  Ogdensburg,  St.  Law 
rence  County,  New  York,  October 
14,  1806.  He  graduated  at  Union 
College ;  is  a  lawyer  by  profession ; 
was  for  several  years  a  member  of 
the  New  York  Legislature;  also  a 
Representative,  from  that  State, 
from  1843  to  1847,  and  from  1849  to 
1853,  after  which  he  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  Senate,  which  | 
position  he  still  retains,  serving  on 
the  Committees  on  Pensions  and  on 
Military  Affairs. 

KING,  RUFUS. 

He  was  born  in  Scarborough, 
Maine,  in  1755  ;  was  educated  at 
Dummer  Academy,  in  Newbury, 
Massachusetts ;  graduated  at  liar-  ' 
vard  College  in  1777;  in  1778  he 
was  aid-de-camp  to  Sullivan,  in  his  j 
expedition  against  the  British  in  ' 
Rhode  Island  ;  he  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  in  Newbu- 
ryport,  Massachusetts,  in  1780;  he 
was  elected,  from  that  town,  to  the 
State  Legislature ;  in  1784  was 
elected  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  at 
Trenton ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Convention  of  Massachusetts,  held 
in  1787  ;  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  formed  the  Fede 
ral  Constitution  ;  removing  to  New 
York  City  in  1788,  he  was,  in  1789, 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  and 
served  his  entire  term,  and  was  re- 
elected  to  the  same  position  in  1813, 
remaining  in  that  capacity  until 
1825.  At  the  close  of  his  first  term 
in  the  Senate  he  was  appointed,  by  I 
President  Washington,  Minister  to  , 
England, where  he  remained  through 


the  whole  of  President  Adams's 
terra,  and  during  two  years  of  Pre 
sident  Jefferson's  term.  In  1825 
President  John  Quincy  Adams 
again  appointed  him  Minister  to 
England,  but  bad  health  prevented 
him  from  entering  upon  his  duties  ; 
and  returning  home,  he  died  at  Ja 
maica,  Long  Island,  April  29, 1827. 
As  a  statesman,  diplomatist,  and 
political  writer,  he  displayed  great 
abilities,  and  he  was  the  author  of 
many  of  the  papers  written  on  the 
British  Treaty  in.  1794,  over  the 
signature  of  Camilius  ;  as  a  man,  he 
was  universally  respected  and  be 
loved. 

KING,  RUFUS  II. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1855  to  1857. 

KING,  T.  BUTLER. 

He  was  born  in  Hampden,  Hamp 
shire  County,  Massachusetts,  Au 
gust  27,  1804;  was  educated  at 
Westfield  Academy;  studied  law, 
and  removed  to  Georgia  in  1823, 
where  he  devoted  himself  to  plant 
ing.  In  the  years  1832,  1834, 
1835,  and  1837,  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Stale  Senate;  and  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  from  1839  to  1843,  and 
again  from  1845  to  1847,  and  for 
another  term  ending  with  1849, 
serving  much  of  the  time  on  the 
Committee  on  Naval  Affairs,  in 
which  he  took  especial  interest. 
He  was  also  a  member,  in  1833,  of 
the  Milledgeville  Convention;  in 


282 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


183G,  of  the  Mac  on  Railroad  Con 
vention  ;  and,  in  1840,  of  the  Young 
Men's  Convention  at  Baltimore ; 
besides  serving  as  the  president  of 
various  canal  and  railroad  compa 
nies.  He  is  now  a  resident  of  Cali 
fornia. 

KING,  WILLIAM  R. 

Born  in  North  Carolina,  April 
7,  1786;  received  a  good  educa 
tion  ;  studied  law  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1806;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  his  na 
tive  State,  from  1811  to  1816;  he 
resigned  that  position  and  accom 
panied  William  Pinckney  to  Europe, 
as  Secretary  of  Legation ;  and,  on 
his  return  from  Europe,  he  settled 
in  the  Territory  of  Alabama,  and 
devoted  himself  to  planting.  ITe 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  formed  the  State  Constitu 
tion  of  Alabama;  in  1819  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Alabama,  where  he  continued  until 
1844  ;  in  that  year  he  was  appoint 
ed  Minister  to  France  and  con 
tinued  there  two  years  ;  in  1846  he 
was  again  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  where  he  remained 
until  elected  Vice-President  of  the 
United  States,  in  1852.  During 
the  Twenty-fourth,  Twenty-fifth, 
Twenty -sixth,  Thirty- first,  and 
Thirty-second  Congresses,  he  offici 
ated  as  President,  pro  tern.,  of  the 
Senate,  and  as  a  presiding  officer, 
as  well  as  a  man,  commanded  uni 
versal  respect.  At  the  time  of  his 
election,  as  Yice-President,  his 
health  was  feeble,  and  when  the 


time  arrived  for  taking  the  consti 
tutional  oath  of  that  office,  he  was 
in  Cuba,  and  the  oath  was  admin 
istered  by  the  American  Consul 
there.  He  returned  to  his  planta 
tion  at  Cahawba,  Alabama,  April 
17,  1852,  and  died  on  the  following 
day. 

KINGSBURY,  WILLIAM  W. 

Born  in  Towanda,  Bradford  Co., 
Pennsylvania,  June  4,  1828.  He 
was  self-educated ;  he  was  bred  a 
farmer,  emigrated  to  Minnesota, 
and  in  the  year  1855  was  first  elect 
ed  a  member  of  the  Minnesota  Le 
gislature,  and  again  in  1856.  In 
1857  was  delegate  to  the  Conven 
tion  for  framing  a  Constitution  for 
Minnesota,  and  elected  a  Delegate 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress. 

KINNARD,  GEORGE  L. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana,  from  1833  to 
1837,  and  died  at  Cincinnati,  No 
vember  26,  1838,  from  injuries  re 
ceived  on  the  sixteenth  of  that 
month,  on  board  the  steamboat  Flo 
ra,  which  exploded  near  that  city. 

KINSEY,  CHARLES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1817 
to  1819,  and  from  1820  to  1821. 

KINSLEY,  MARTIN. 

He  was  born  in  Bridgewater, 
Massachusetts,  June  2.  1754  ;  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1778,  and  studied  medicine;  per 
formed  some  service  in  the  revolu- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


tionary  war,  and  was  chosen  a  Dele-  , 
gate  to  the  Convention  for  forming  \ 
the  Constitution  of  his  native  State ; 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  Mussa-  j 
chusetts  about  thirty  years ;  he  was  ; 
also  at  different  periods  a  member  j 
of  the  State  Council ;  a  Judge  of  j 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  ;  Judge 
of  Probate;  and  a  Representative  in  j 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1819  to  1821.     He  died  June  20, 
1835. 

KIRTLAXD,  DORRAXCE. 

He  was  born  in  New  York  ;  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1789; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1817 
to  1819. 

KIRKLAXD,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  near  Norwich,  Con 
necticut,  in  1771;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1790;  removed  to 
Utica,  New  York,  and  was  the  first 
Mayor  of  that  City ;  served  fre 
quently  in  the  State  Legislature ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1821 
to  1823.  He  died  at  Utica,  Janu 
ary  26,  1844. 

KIRKPATRICK,  LITTLETON. 

He  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1815,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jer 
sey,  from  1843  to  1845. 

KIRKPATRICK.  W. 

He  was  born  in  Amwell,  Hun- 
terdon  County,  New  Jersey,  in 
November,  1708  ;  was  educated  at 


Princeton  College,  graduating  in 
1788;  studied  medicine  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  1795;  in 
1806  he  removed  to  Salina,  New 
York,  and  became  Superintendent 
of  the  Salt  Springs ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  ls(J7  to 
1809,  from  New  York  ;  and  died  of 
cholera,  at  Salina,  September  2, 
1832. 

KITCHELL,  AARON. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1791 
to  1793,  from  1794  to  1797,  and 
from  1799  to  1801;  and  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  1805  to  1809. 

KITTERA,  JOHN  W. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Princeton 
College  in  177G;  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1791  to  1801,  when  he 
was  appointed  United  States  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  the  Eastern  Dis 
trict  of  Pennsylvania. 

KITTERA,  THOMAS. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1826 
to  18-27. 

KITTREDGE,  GEORGE  W. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

KLIXGENSMITH,  JOHN,  Ju. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1835 
to  1839. 


284 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


KNAPP,  CHAUNCEY  L. 

He  was  born  in  Berlin,  Vermont, 
February  26, 1809.  He  commenced 
the  active  business  of  life  by  serving 
an  apprenticeship  of  seven  years  in 
a  printing  office  in  Montpelier ;  was 
elected  reporter  for  the  Legislature 
in  1833  ;  was  co-proprietor  and  edi 
tor  for  some  years  of  the  State  Jour 
nal;  was  elected  Secretary  of  the 
State,  in  1836,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  four  years ;  and  removing  to 
Massachusetts  he  was  elected  Secre 
tary  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate  in 
1851 ;  and  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Territories.  To  him  was  award 
ed  the  credit,  while  editing  the 
Journal,  of  first  nominating  Gene 
ral  Harrison  for  the  Presidency, 
which  resulted  in  his  obtaining  the 
electoral  votes  of  Vermont  four 
years  before  he  was  really  elected. 
Mr.  Knapp's  tastes  have  led  him  to 
the  study  of  mechanics,  and  in  all 
his  public  positions  he  has  paid  par 
ticular  attention  to  the  mechanical 
interests  of  his  constituents. 


KNICKERBOCKER,  HERMAN. 

He  was  born  in  New  York  in 
1780,  and  was  a  descendant,  in  the 
third  generation,  of  one  of  the  ori 
ginal  emigrants  to  New  York.  He 
early  engaged  in  politics,  and  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  1809  to 
1811,  as  a  Federalist,  but,  during 
President  Jackson's  administration, 
he  became  a  Democrat.  He  died  in 


Williamsburg,  New  York,  January 
30,  1855. 

KNIGHT,  JONATHAN. 

Born  in  Bucks  County,  Pennsyl 
vania,  November  22,  1787,  and  re 
moved  with  his  parents,  in  1801,  to 
East  Bethlehem,  Washington  Coun 
ty.  He  was  mostly  self-educated, 
and  became  a  school  teacher,  and 
surveyor  of  lands.  In  1816  he  was 
appointed  by  the  State  government 
to  make  and  report  a  map  of  his 
county.  He  served  three  years  as 
County  Commissioner,  and  was  ap 
pointed,  in  1827,  a  commissioner  to 
extend  the  National  Road  between 
Cumberland  and  Wheeling,  through 
Ohio  and  Indiana,  to  the  Eastern 
line  of  Illinois.  In  1822  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  and  served 
six  years.  In  1828  he  visited  Eng 
land  to  acquire  a  thorough  know 
ledge  of  civil  engineering,  and  on 
his  return  was  appointed  chief  engi 
neer  on  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Road.  He  was  elected,  in  1854,  a 
Representative  in  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress;  after  that  time  he  was 
engaged  in  agriculture.  He  died  in 
Washington  County,  November  22, 
1858. 

KNIGHT,  NEHEMIAII. 

He  was  a  native  of  Rhode  Isl 
and ;  a  farmer  by  occupation  ;  a 
prominent  politician  of  the  Federal 
school,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1803  to  1808. 

KNIGHT,  NEHEMIAH  R. 

Born  in  Cranston,  Rhode  Island, 
December  31,  1780;  was  chiefly 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


285 


self-educated  ;  nt  the  age  of  twenty- 
two  was  elected  to  the  State  Legis 
lature  ;  in  1805  he  was  elected  Clerk 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in 
Providence;  in  1812  he  was  chosen 
Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court,  and 
served  until  1817;  he  was  also  for 
many  years  President  of  the  Roger 
Williams  Bank ;  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  Rhode  Island  in  1817, 
and  re-elected  in  1819  and  1820; 
he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Madison,  during  the  war  with  Eng 
land,  Collector  of  Providence;  and 
he  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1821  to  1841.  He  was  a  member, 
in  1843,  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention,  after  which  he  retired 
to  private  life.  He  died  at  Provi 
dence,  Rhode  Island,  April  10, 
1854.  He  was  a  man  of  sterling 
character,  and  a  true  patriot. 

KNOWLTON,  EBENEZER. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1855  to 
1857. 

KNOX,  JAMES. 

Born  in  Canajoharie,  Montgome 
ry  County,  New  York,  July  4, 1807  ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1830, 
studied  law  at  Utica,  New  York,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1833. 
In  1836  he  located  at  Knoxville, 
Illinois,  where  he  has  since  resided, 
giving  his  attention  chiefly  to  mer 
cantile  and  agricultural  pursuits. 
In  1847  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  Illi 
nois,  and  in  1852  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  the  Thirty-third 


Congress,    and    re-elected    to   the 
Thirty-fourth. 

KHEKS,  JACOB. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  182') 
to  1827. 

KKEMEK,  GEORGE. 

Born  in  1775,  and  died  in  Union 
County,  Pennsylvania,  September 
11,  1854.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1823  to  1829. 

KUIINS,  JOSEPH  H. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

KUNKEL,  JACOB  M. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
that  State,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Revolutionary  Claims, 
and  Expenditures  in  the  Treasury 
Department. 

KUNKEL,  JOHN  C. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania,  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  and  a  member  of  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  his  na 
tive  State,  and  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Claims. 

KURTZ,  WILLIAM   H. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1855. 


286 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


LABRANCH,  ALCEA. 

He  was  born  in  Louisiana,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

LACOCK,  ABNER. 

Born  in  Virginia,  in  1710.  With 
out  the  advantage  of  much  early 
education,  he  raised  himself  by  his 
talents  to  eminence  as  a  legislator, 
statesman,  and  civilian.  He  filled 
various  public  stations  for  a  period 
of  nearly  forty  years ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1811  to  1813,  and 
United  States  Senator  from  1813 
to  1819.  He  died  in  Beaver  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  April  12,  1831. 

LAIIM,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  Leitersburg,  Maryland, 
April  22,  1812.  His  education  was 
limited,  yet  his  first  earnings  were 
the  result  of  teaching  school.  In 
March,  1835,  he  removed  to  Indi 
ana,  and  studied  law,  and  then  set 
tled  in  Ohio.  In  1831  he  was 
elected  Master  in  Chancery;  in 
1842  a  State  Senator;  at  various 
times  to  high  positions  in  the  mi 
litia  ;  and  to  Congress,  as'a  Repre 
sentative,  in  1841,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1849. 

LAKE,  WILLIAM  A. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland  ;  gra 
duated  at  Washington  College,  in 
Pennsylvania  ;  studied  law ;  served 
in  the  Legislature  of  Maryland ; 
removed  to  Mississippi,  practiced 
his  profession  there  with  success ; 
was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  that 


State,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Mississippi,  during 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

LAMAR,  HENRY  G. 

He  was  born  in  Georgia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1829  to  1833. 

LAMAR,  L.  Q.   C. 

He  is  a  native  of  Georgia,  but, 
having  removed  to  Mississippi,  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  that 
State,  serving  on  the  Committee  on 
Elections. 

LAMB,  ALFRED  W. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Missouri,  from  1841  to  1849. 

LAMBERT,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1805 
to  1809;  and  from  1809  to  1815 
he  was  a  member  of  the  United 
States  Senate.  During  the  years 
1802  and  1803  he  performed  the 
duties  of  Governor  of  New  Jersey, 
and  died  in  February,  1823,  aged 
seventy-five  years. 

LANCASTER,  COLUMBIA. 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
from  the  Territory  of  Washington, 
during  the  years  1854  and  1855. 

LANDY,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  October  13,  1813; 
received  his  education  in  his  native 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


287 


city;  devoted  himself,  for  a  time,  to 
the  occupation  of  u  builder;  stu 
died  law,  but  abandoned  the  profes 
sion,  and  turned  his  attention  to 
mercantile  pursuits.  He  has  devo 
ted  much  of  his  attention  to  the 
Public  School  system  of  Philadel 
phia,  and  has  held  the  positions  of 
Commissioner  and  President  of  the 
Board  of  School  Commissioners. 
In  185(1  he  was  elected  a  Repre- 
presentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Com 
merce. 

LAN  DRY,  J.  ARIST1DE. 

He  was  born  in  Louisiana,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

LANE,  AMOS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana,  from  1833  to 
1837,  having  previously  been  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  and 
served  one  session  as  Speaker.  He 
was  a  lawyer  of  the  first  ability, 
and  filled  a  conspicuous  place  in 
the  history  of  Indiana.  He  died  in 
Lawrensburg,  in  that  State,  in  1850. 

LANE,  HENRY  S. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana,  from  1841  to 
1843. 

LANE,  JAMES  H. 

He  was  born  in  Indiana,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 


LANE,  JOSEPH. 

Born  in  North  Carolina,  Decem 
ber  14,  1801.  In  his  fifteenth  year 
he  became  a  clerk  in  a  mercantile 
house  in  Indiana,  and  in  \^'2'2  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture, — serving  in  that  capacity, 
with  occasional  intervals,  until  184G. 
He  participated  in  the  war  with 
Mexico,  acquitting  himself  with 
credit  at  Buena  Vista  and  on  other 
fields,  and  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Polk,  a  brigadier-general.  In 
1849  he  was  appointed  Governor  of 
the  Territory  of  Oregon,  without 
his  solicitation,  and  organized  the 
government;  and  was  elected  a 
Delegate  to  Congress,  in  1851, where 
he  has  been  retained  by  his  consti 
tuents  until  the  present  time. 

LAXODON,  CIIAUNVKY. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1787 ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Vermont,  from 
1815  to  1817,  and  died  in  LS30. 

LANG  DON,  JOHN. 

He  was  educated  for  mercantile 
pursuits,  and  afterwards  prosecuted 
business  upon  the  sea,  until  the 
commencement  of  the  controversy 
with  Great  Britain.  He  was  one 
of  the  party  which  removed  the 
powder  and  the  military  stores  from 
Fort  William  and  Mary,  at  New 
Castle,  in  1774.  In  1775  and  1776 
he  was  chosen  a  Delegate  to  Con 
gress.  Commanding  a  company  of 
volunteers,  he  served,  for  awhile, 
in  Vermont  and  Rhode  Island.  In 


288 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


his  own  State  he  was,  in  1776  and 
1777,  Speaker  of  the  House,  and 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas.  In  1779  he  was  Conti 
nental  Agent  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  contracted  for  the  building  of 
several  ships  of  war.  In  1783  he 
was  again  appointed  Delegate  to 
Congress,  and  was  afterwards  re 
peatedly  a  member  of  theLegislature, 
and  Speaker.  In  March,  1788,  he 
was  chosen  Governor  of  the  State, 
and  from  1789  to  1801  he  was 
Senator  of  the  United  States. 
From  1805  to  1808,  and  again  in 
1810  and  1811,  he  was  Governor 
of  the  State.  He  died  in  1819, 
aged  seventy-eight. 

LANMAN,  JAMES. 

Born  iu  Norwich,  Connecticut, 
June  14,  1769;  graduated  at  Yale 
College,  in  1788,  and  settled  as  a 
lawyer  in  his  native  town  ;  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
formed  the  first  Constitution  of 
Connecticut,  and  served  two  years 
in  the  Lower  House  of  the  Legis 
lature,  and  one  year  as  a  State  Sena 
tor;  and  was  for  five  years  Attorney 
for  the  State,  for  New  London 
County,  acquiring  great  local  dis 
tinction  by  his  abilities.  He  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  serv 
ing  from  1819  to  1825,  during  one 
Congress,  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Post-offices  and  Post- 
roads  and  Contingent  Expenses  of 
the  Senate,  and  voted  with  the  South 
on  the  Missouri  Compromise  ;  dur 
ing  the  Seventeenth  Congress,  he 


was  at  one  time  member  of  four 
committees,  viz.:  that  of  Commerce 
and  Manufactures,  the  Militia, 
District  of  Columbia,  and  the  Con 
tingent  Expenses  of  the  Senate. 
He  was  appointed,  by  the  Governor, 
to  a  second  term  in  the  Senate,  but 
as  this  was  at  the  expiration  of  his 
first  term,  the  Senate  decided  that  the 
appointment  was  without  authority 
of  law.  He  was  subsequently 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Connecticut,  for  three  years  ;  and 
three  years  Mayor  of  Norwich, 
where  he  died,  August  7,  1841. 

LANSING,  GERRIT  Y. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  served 
four  years  in  the  Legislature  of 
that  State,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1831  to  1837. 

LAPORTE,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1833 
to  1837. 

LA  SERE,  EMILE. 

He  was  born  in  Louisiana,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1846  to  1847, 
and  also  for  the  two  following  terms, 
ending  in  1851. 

LATHAM,  MILTON  S. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  on  his 
removal  to  California,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


liS!) 


LATHROP,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  Hampdcn  County,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1711;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  It 92  ;  studied  law, 
and  attained  a  high  position  at  the 
bar ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1818  to  182G.  He  died  in  West 
Springfield,  July  11,  1846. 

LATTIMER,  HENRY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Delaware,  from  1793  to 
1795,  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  1795  to  1801. 

LATTIMORE,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Norfolk,  Virginia,  Feb- 
,  ruary  9,  1774,  where  he  received  a 
limited  education ;  he  studied  medi 
cine,  removed  to  the  Territory  of 
Mississippi ;  and  was  a  Delegate  to 
Congress,  from  that  Territory,  from 
1803to  1807, andfrom  1813  to!8!7. 
He  was  also  delegate  to  the  Con 
vention  which  formed  the  first  Con-  • 
stitution  of  Mississippi ;  after  which 
he  retired  to  private  life,  and  died 
April  3,  1843. 

LAW,  LYMAN. 

Born  at  New  London,  Connecti 
cut,  August  19,  1770;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1791 ;  studied 
law  with  his  father,  Richard  Law, 
(who  was  a  member  of  the  Conti 
nental  Congress,)  and  practiced  at 
New  London  ;  after  serving  in  the 
Legislature  of  the  State,  and  being 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives,  he  was  elected  to  Congress, 
and  represented  his  State,  in  that 
19 


body,  from  1811  to  1817.     He  died 
in  New  London,  February  3,  1842. 

LAWLER,  JO  A 15. 

Born  in  North  Carolina,  June  12, 
1796;  was  educated  for  the  minis 
try,  and  became  a  clergyman  of  the 
Baptist  Church.  In  1826  he  was 
elected  to  the  Lower  House  of  the 
Alabama  Legislature,  and  was  re- 
elected  until  1831,  in  which  year  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate.  In 
1832  he  was  appointed  Receiver  of 
Public  Moneys  for  the  Coosa  Land 
District,  and  held  the  office  until 
1835.  In  1833  he  was  elected 
Treasurer  of  the  University  of  Ala 
bama.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Alabama,  from 
1835  to  1838.  He  died  in  Wash 
ington,  May  8,  1838,  during  the 
first  session  of  his  second  term. 

LAWRANCE,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  the  County  of 
Cornwall,  England,  in  1750,  and 
emigrated  to  the  City  of  New  York 
in  1767.  He  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1772,  and  in 
1775  was  commissioned  in  the  First 
New  York  Regiment,  and  served  to 
the  end  of  the  revolutionary  war, 
his  several  grades  having  been  aid- 
de-camp  to  his  relative,  Colonel 
McDougal,  Judge-Advocate,  and 
General,  in  which  latter  capacity  he 
conducted  the  court-martial  called 
to  try  Major  Andre.  In  1 783  he  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  his  profession 
in  New  York.  In  1785  and  1786  he 
was  a  member  of  the  First  Congress. 
In  1789  he  was  elected  a  State  Sena- 


290 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


tor,  and  during  that  year  was  elect 
ed,  by  a  five-sixth  vote,  a  Represen 
tative  in  the  Federal  Congress, 
serving  from  1789  to  1793;  was 
appointed  by  Washington,  in  1794, 
Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
Court  for  New  York;  and  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1796  to 
1800,  when  he  resigned,  and  retired 
to  private  life.  He  died  in  1810. 

LAWRENCE,  ABBOTT. 

Born  in  Groton,  Massachusetts, 
December  10,  1792.  His  education 
was  obtained  at  a  district  school  and 
at  Groton  Academy,  and  in  1808 
he  went  to  Boston  and  became  a 
clerk  in  the  store  of  his  brother 
Amos.  In  1814  he  was  admitted 
as  a  partner  in  the  concern,  and  for 
many  years  the  twain  prosecuted 
a  very  extensive  importing  business, 
and  laid  the  foundations  of  their 
several  fortunes.  He  was  the  tra 
veling  partner,  and  visited  Europe 
a  number  of  times.  He  subsequently 
became  one  of  the  foremost  men  in 
building  up  American  manufacture, 
and  the  flourishing  City  of  Law 
rence  was  the  offspring  of  his  enter 
prise.  In  1827  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  Harrisburg  Convention.  He 
served  in  the  Common  Council  of 
Boston  in  1831,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1835  to 
1837,  and  again  in  1839  and  1840. 
In  1842  he  was  appointed  a  Com 
missioner  to  arrange  the  Northeast 
ern  boundary  question ;  in  1849  he 
was  invited,  by  President  Taylor, 
into  his  cabinet,  but  declined ;  he 
subsequently  accepted,  however,  the 


appointment  of  Minister  to  Eng 
land,  where  he  acquitted  himself 
with  credit.  He  founded  a  scienti 
fic  school  in  Cambridge,  and  his 
gifts  and  bequests  to  various  chari 
table  and  religious  societies  proved 
him  to  be  a  man  of  many  noble 
qualities.  Died  in  Boston,  August 
18,  1855. 

LAWRENCE,  CORNELIUS  VAN 
WYCK. 

He  was  born  in  Flushing,  Long 
Island,  February  28,  1791  ;  spent 
his  boyhood  working  on  his  father's 
farm,  and  acquiring  a  good  Eng 
lish  education  ;  and,  on  arriving  at 
the  age  of  manhood,  removed  to 
New  York  City,  with  which,  as  a 
business  man,  he  has  been  identified 
ever  since.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York 
City,  from  1832  to  1834;  for  two 
years  following  he  was  Mayor  of 
the  City  of  New  York;  in  1836 
President  of  the  Electoral  College 
for  President ;  and  for  twenty  years 
he  held  the  honorable  position  of 
President  of  the  Bank  of  the  State 
of  New  York.  Among  other  posi 
tions  of  trust  and  responsibility, 
which,  with  the  above,  have  tended 
to  give  him  a  high  reputation, 
may  be  mentioned  the  following: 
Director  of  the  Branch  Bank  of  the 
United  States  and  the  Bank  of 
America,  Trustee  of  the  New  York 
Life  and  Trust  Company,  and  of 
numerous  Fire  and  Marine  Insur 
ance  Companies.  In  1856  ill  health 
compelled  Mr.  Lawrence  to  retire 
from  the  pursuits  of  active  life,  and 
he  is  spending  the  close  of  his  life  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


291 


peace,  on  the  spot  where  his  ances 
tors  have  resided  for  two  hundred 
years. 

LAWRENCE,  JOHN  W. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ;  served 
two  years  in  the  Assembly  of  that 
State,  from  Queens  County;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1845  to  1847. 

LAWRENCE,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  born  in  1788;  he  served  for 
nine  years  in  the  State  Legislature, 
one  year  as  State  Treasurer,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1825  to 
1829,  and  again  from  1841  to  the 
time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  Washington,  District  of  Colum 
bia,  April  17,  1842. 

LAWRENCE,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ; 
served  seven  years  in  the  Assembly 
of  that  State,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  the  same, 
from  1823  to  1825. 

LAWRENCE,  SIDNEY. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  but  re 
moved  to  New  York,  and  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

LAWRENCE,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Washington,  Guernsey 
County,  Ohio,  September  2,  1814; 
graduated  at  Jefferson  College, 
Pennsylvania,  in  September,  1 835 ; 
engaged  in  mercantile  and  agricul 
tural  pursuits ;  and  served  in  the 


Ohio  Legislature  in  1843.  He  was 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1848,  a 
member  of  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  Ohio  in  1850-51,  State 
Senator  in  1856-57,  and  elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  officiating  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Expenditures 
in  the  State  Department. 

LAWRENCE,  WILLIAM  T. 

Born  in  New  York  City,  May  7, 
1788  ;  he  was  bred  a  merchant,  and 
continued  such  until  called  into 
the  service  of  the  United  States,  in 
the  war  of  1812,  as  a  militia  cap 
tain  of  artillery.  In  1823  he  re 
moved  to  Cayuga,  New  York,  and 
located  on  a  farm,  where  he  con 
tinues  to  reside.  In  1838  he  was 
chosen  County  Judge,  and  from 
1847  to  1849,  he  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress;  he  also  served 
as  delegate  to  several  nominating 
conventions. 

LAWYER,  THOMAS. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly,  from  Schoharie 
County,  in  181G,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1817  to  1819. 

LAY,  GEORGE  W. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  was 
a  member  of  the  New  York  ASM m- 
bly,  from  Genesee  County,  in  1840, 
having  been  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1833  to  1837. 

LEA,  LUKE. 

He  was  born  in  Snrry  Connty, 
North  Carolina,  January  26,  1782; 


292 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


removed  at  an  early  day  with  his 
father  to  Tennessee,  where  he  was 
for  several  years  Clerk  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  ;  he  served  gal 
lantly  in  Florida  and  in  the  Creek 
country,  under  General  Jackson,  in 
the  Indian  wars.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1833  to 
1837,  and  for  thirty  years  dis 
charged  the  duties  of  cashier  of 
the  State  Bank,  and  Register  of 
the  State  Land-office  of  Tennessee. 
In  1849  he  was  appointed,  by  Pre 
sident  Taylor,  Indian  Agent  of  the 
Fort  Leavenworth  Agency,  and  was 
highly  esteemed  by  the  Indians 
under  his  charge.  He  was  return 
ing  to  his  residence,  after  making 
the  Indian  payments  of  his  agency, 
when  he  was  killed  by  a  fall  from 
his  horse,  June  17,  1851. 

LEA,  TUTOR, 

Born  in  Knox  County,  Tennessee, 
in  1794  was  educated  at  Greenville 
College ;  studied  law,  as  a  profes 
sion  ;  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1817.  He  served  with  General 
Jackson  in  the  Creek  war,  in  1813 ; 
was  Clerk  to  the  Legislature  in 
1816;  United  States  District  At 
torney  in  1824;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1827  to 
1831.  In  1837  he  removed  to 
Jackson,  Mississippi,  and  in  1847 
to  Goliad,  Texas,  where  he  now  re 
sides.  He  projected  the  work 
called  the  "  Central  Transit,"  for 
building  a  railroad  from  Arkansas 
Bay  to  Mazatlan,  and  is  President 
of  the  Company. 


LEACH,  DE  WITT  C. 

Born  in  Clarence,  Erie  County, 
New  York,  November  23,  1822. 
He  was  self-educated  ;  bred  a  farm 
er  ;  chosen  a  member  of  the  Michi 
gan  Legislature  in  1849  and  1850; 
and  a  member  of  the  Convention  to 
revise  the  State  Constitution,  in 
1850;  he  was  also  State  Librarian 
in  1855  and  1856;  and  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  from  Michigan,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Re- 
visal  and  Unfinished  Business. 

LEADBETTER,  D    P. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  having  removed  to  Ohio,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1837  to  1841. 

LEAKE,  SHELTON  F. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1847. 

LEAKE,  WALTER. 

He  was  a  soldier  in  the  revolu 
tionary  war;  in  1821  was  elected 
Governor  of  Mississippi,  having 
previously  served  as  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  from  1817  to  1820. 
He  died  at  Mount  Salus,  Ilines 
County,  Mississippi,  November  17, 
1825. 

LEARNED,  AMASA. 

Born  in  Killingly,  Connecticut, 
November  15,  1750,  and  died  at 
New  London,  May  4,  1825.  He 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1772 ; 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


203 


studied  divinity,  but  preached  for  ! 
only  a  short  time ;  and  was  a  Re-  ' 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Con 
necticut,  from  1801  to  1805.     He  j 
had  been  a  member  of  the  Conven-  j 
tion  which  ratified  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States;  in  1818  was 
a  member  of  the  Connecticut  Con 
stitutional  Convention ;  and  after 
wards,  frequently  sat  in  the  Assem 
bly  of  his  native  State. 

LEAVITT,  HUMPHREY  II. 

He  was   born  in    Suffield,   Con 
necticut,  in  June,   1796;  removed 
at  an  early  day  with  his  father  to  ; 
the  Western  Reserve  of  Ohio  ;  re 
ceived   an    academical   education;   i 
and  adopted  the  profession  of  the  i 
law,  having  been  admitted  to  the  \ 
bar  in  1816;  and  he  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1831  to 
1834.     He  also  served  in  the  State  ; 
Legislature,  in  the  House  in  1825 
and    1826,  and   in   the    Senate   in 
1827;  and  he  has  for  many  years 
been  Judge  of  the  District  Court 
of  Ohio,  having  been  appointed  in 
1834,  by  President  Jackson. 

LECOMPTE,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1825  to 
1833. 

LEE,  GIDEON. 

He  was  born  in  Amherst,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1777;  in  early  life  re 
moved  to  the  City  of  New  York,  ' 
where   he   became   a  leather  mer-  ! 
chant,  and  amassed  a  large  fortune. 
He  was  at  one  time  Mayor  of  New 


York,  a  Presidential  Elector,  and  a 
member  of  Congress  during  the 
years  1836  and  1837.  He  died  at 
Geneva,  New  York,  August  21, 
1841. 

LEE,  HENRY. 

Born  in  Virginia,  January  29, 
1756,  and  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1773.  In  1776  he  was 
appointed  a  captain  of  cavalry,  un 
der  Colonel  Bland,  and  in  Septem 
ber,  1777,  he  joined  the  main  army. 
His  skill  in  discipline  and  gallant 
bearing  attracted  the  notice  of 
Washington,  and  he  was  soon  pro 
moted  to  the  rank  of  major,  with 
the  command  of  a  separate  corps 
of  cavalry,  and  then  advanced  to 
the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel. 
From  1780  to  the  end  of  the  war 
he  served  under  Greene.  The  ser 
vices  of  Lee's  Legion  in  various 
actions  were  very  important.  He 
particularly  distinguished  himself 
in  the  battle  of  Guilford ;  after 
wards,  he  succeeded  in  captur 
ing  Fort  Cornwallis,  and  other 
forts ;  he  was  also  conspicuous  at 
Ninety-six,  and  at  the  Eutaw 
Springs.  In  1786  he  was  appoint 
ed  a  Delegate  in  Congress,  from 
Virginia,  in  which  body  he  remained 
till  the  Constitution  was  adopted, 
having  in  the  Convention  of  Virgi 
nia  advocated  its  adoption.  In 
1791  he  was  chosen  Governor  of 
Virginia,  and  remained  in  office 
three  years.  By  appointment  of 
Washington,  he  commanded  the 
forces  sent  to  suppress  the  Whisky 
Insurrection  in  Pennsylvania.  He 


294 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


was  a  member  of  Congress  at  the 
period  of  Washington's  death,  in 
1799,  and  was  appointed,  by  Con 
gress,  to  deliver  a  eulogy  on  the 
occasion.  He  it  was  who  first  ut 
tered  the  memorable  saying  in  re 
gard  to  Washington — "First  in 
peace,  first  in  war,  and  first  in  the 
hearts  of  his  countrymen."  In  1801 
he  retired  to  private  life,  and  in 
his  last  years  he  was  distressed  with 
pecuniary  embarrassments ;  while 
confined  in  1809  within  the  bounds 
of  Spottsylvania  County,  for  debt, 
he  wrote  his  valuable  "  Memoirs  of 
the  Southern  Campaigns."  In 
1814,  during  the  mob  at  Baltimore, 
he  was  one  of  the  defenders,  and 
was  severely  wounded,  and  carried 
to  the  jail  for  safety.  Returning 
from  the  West  Indies,  where  he 
had  gone  for  health,  he  died  at 
Cumberland  Island,  near  St.  Mary's, 
Georgia,  March  25,  1818. 

LEE,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1823  to 
1825. 

LEE,  JOSHUA. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
served  three  years  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  that  State,  from  Ontario 
and  Yates  Counties,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1835  to  1837. 


|  had  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Bur- 
j  gesses  of  Virginia,  in  1757,  and 
proposed  there,  in  1773,  the  for 
mation  of  a  committee  of  corre 
spondence.  He  had  the  honor  of 
originating  the  first  resistance  to 
British  oppression,  in  the  time  of 
the  Stamp  Act,  in  1765.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  First  Congress  in 
1774,  and  in  October,  prepared  the 
draft  of  the  memorial  to  the  people 
of  British  America.  In  accordance 
with  instructions  from  the  Virginia 
Convention,  he  first  proposed  in 
Congress  a  declaration  of  indepen 
dence,  June  7,  1776,  and  a  com 
mittee  was  appointed  to  prepare  it. 
The  second  eloquent  address  to  the 
people  of  Great  Britain  was  drawn 
up  by  him  ;  and  after  the  adoption 
of  the  articles  of  the  Confederation, 
he  withdrew  from  Congress,  but 
was  re-elected  in  1784,  and  chosen 
President  of  that  body,  serving  till 
1787.  He  contended  for  the  neces 
sity  of  amendments  to  the  Constitu 
tion  previously  to  its  adoption  in 
1789;  and  was  a  Senator,  from 
Virginia,  from  1789  to  1792.  He 
was  the  author  of  a  number  of  poli 
tical  pamphlets,  and  his  corres 
pondence  was  published  in  1825. 
He  died  at  Chantilly,  Westmore 
land  County,  Virginia,  June  9, 
1794. 

LEE,  SILAS. 
LEE,  RICHARD  HENRY.  He        ^^   at   Harvard  ^ 

Was   born   in    Stratford,   West-  versity  in  1784  ;  was  a  Representa- 

moreland  County,  Virginia,  Janu-  .  live  in  Congress,  from  Massachu- 

ary  20,  1732,  and  was  educated  at  i  setts,  from  1799  to  1801 ;  he  was 

Wakefield,  Yorkshire,  England.  He  :  appointed,    by   President    Adams, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


295 


United  States  District  Attorney  for 
Maine;  and  died  in  1814. 

LKE,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1833 
to  1837  ;  and  died  at  Port  Eliza 
beth,  November  2,  1855. 

LKE,  THOMAS  BLAND. 

He  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1789  to  1795,  having  previously 
served  in  the  Continental  Congress, 
and  died  in  1827. 

LEET,  ISAAC. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1802; 
was  for  several  years  in  the  Senate 
of  that  State;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1829  to  1831 ;  and 
died  at  Washington,  Pennsylvania, 
June  10,  1844. 

LEFEVRE,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1811 
to  1813. 

LEFFERETS,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1813 
to  1815;  a  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1821 ; 
and  a  State  Senator,  from  1822  to 
1825. 

LEFFLER,  ISAAC. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1827  to 

ISO'.). 


LEFFLER,  SHEPHERD. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Iowa,  from  1846  to 
1851. 

LEFTWICH,  JABEH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1821  to 
1825. 

LEG  ARE,  HUGH  SUMPTER. 

He  was  born  at  Charleston,  Soutli 
Carolina,    January  2,  1797;    gra 
duated  at  the  College  of  that  State, 
in  1814,   and  after  having  studied 
law,  went  to  Europe,  where  he  re 
mained  until  1820,  occupied  with 
the  pursuits  of  literature.     On  his 
return   to  Charleston,  he   devoted 
himself  to  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  and  to  agricultural  pursuits. 
In  1 830,  he  was*  appointed  Attorney- 
General  of  the  State,  and  was  the 
principal  editor  of  the  Southern  Re 
view.     In  lS32he  was  appointed 
Charge   d' Affaires   of  the    United 
States  to  Belgium;  from  1837  to 
1839  was  a  Representative  of  his  na 
tive  State,  in  Congress;  and  in  1841 
was    appointed    Attorney-General 
of  the  United  States,  by  President 
Tyler,   and  also  Acting  Secretary 
of   State.     He  died,    suddenly,   at 
Boston,  June  16,   1843,  while  ac 
companying  the   President  in  his 
journey  to  attend  the  Bunker  Hill 
Celebration.     His  fine  taste  as   a 
writer,  his  eminent  acquirements  as 
a  scholar,  and  his  learning  and  elo 
quence   as  a  lawyer,  were   known 
and    appreciated    throughout    the 


296 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Union.     His  writings  were  collected 
and  published  in  1846. 

LEIB,  MICHAEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1799  to  1806,  and  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States  from  1808  to  1814, 
and  in  the  latter  year,  he  was  ap 
pointed  Postmaster  at  Philadel 
phia. 

LEIB,  OWEN  D. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

LEIDY,  PAUL. 

Born  in  Hemlock,  Columbia 
County,  Pennsylvania,  November 
21,  1813.  He  was  educated  at  a 
common  school ;  the  early  part  of 
his  life  was  devoted  to  agricultural 
pursuits ;  from  the  age  of  sixteen 
to  twenty-four  he  followed  the  bu 
siness  of  a  tailor ;  a,nd  having 
studied  law  and  taught  school  at 
the  same  time,  has  practiced  the 
profession  for  about  sixteen  years. 
He  was  for  five  years  District  At 
torney  for  Montour  County;  for 
a  short  time  Superintendent  of 
Common  Schools,  for  the  same 
county;  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals. 

LEIGH,  BENJAMIN  WATKINS. 

Born  in  Virginia  in  1782,  and 
died  at  Richmond,  February  2, 
1849.  He  was  one  of  the  most 


eminent  men  of  his  State,  well 
known  as  a  lawyer  and  public  man. 
From  1829  to  1841  he  was  Re 
porter  of  the  State ;  frequently  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Delegates ; 
a  member  of  the  Convention  of 
1830,  for  revising  the  State  Con 
stitution  ;  and  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1834  to  1837. 

LEIPER,  GEORGE  G. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1829 
to  1831. 

LETTER,  BENJAMIN  F. 

Born  in  Leitersburg,  Washington 
County,  Maryland,  October  13, 
1813.  He  was  chiefly  educated  by 
his  father  ;  taught  school  in  Mary 
land,  from  1830  to  1834  ;  removed 
to  Ohio  and  taught  there  until 
1842,  after  which  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  and  devoted  himself  to 
the  practice  of  law,  in  which  he  was 
successful ;  he  was  elected  to  the 
Ohio  Legislature,  in  1848,  and  was 
chosen  temporary  Chairman,  by  the 
Democrats,  acting  as  such  through 
out  the  long  contest  of  that  year 
between  his  party  and  the  Whigs, 
which  is  now  spoken  of  in  Ohio  as 
the  "days  of  the  revolution;"  m 
1849  he  was  re-elected,  and  chosen 
Speaker;  and  in  1854  he  was 
elected  to  Congress,  and  re-elected 
to  each  successive  Congress,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Indian  Affairs. 

LENT,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1829  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


297 


1833,  and  died  in  Washington, 
February  24, 1833.  He  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Expen 
ditures  in  the  Department  of  State. 

LEONARD,  GEORGE. 

Born  in  Boston,  in  1729  ;  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  College  in  1748  ; 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1789  to  1793,  and  from  1795  to 
1797;  a  man  of  unusual  wealth; 
for  his  learning  was  made  a  Doctor 
of  Laws ;  and  died  at  Raynham, 
Massachusetts,  July  26, 1819.  His 
descendants  are  numerous,  and 
many  of  them  distinguished. 

LEONARD,  MOSES  G. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1843  to  1845..  and 
was  for  several  years,  Commissioner 
of  Emigration  in  the  City  of  New 
York. 

LEONARD,  STEPHEN  B. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1835  to  1837, 
and  again  from  1839  to  1841. 

LETCHER,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Lexington,  Rockbridge 
County,  Virginia,  March  29, 1813  ; 
he  commenced  his  classical  studies 
at  Washington  College,  and  com 
pleted  his  education  at  Randolph 
Macon  College ;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1839  ;  during  that  year 
he  established  and  for  a  time  edited 
the  Valley  Star,  in  Lexington ;  a 


member  of  the  Convention  for  re 
forming  the  Constitution  of  Virgi 
nia  in  1850  ;  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  the  Thirty-second, 
Thirty-third,  Thirty-fourth,  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  serving  at 
present  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  of  Ways  and  Means,  lie 
has  recently  been  nominated  by  the 
Democracy  of  Virginia,  as  their 
candidate  for  Governor  of  that 
Commonwealth. 

LETCHER,  ROBERT  P. 

He  was  born  in  Gerard  County, 
Kentucky;  received  a  good  educa 
tion,  and  adopted  the  profession  of 
law.  He  served  a  number  of  years 
in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
at  one  time  elected  Speaker  of  the 
House ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  from  1823  to  1833;  Go 
vernor  of  Kentucky  in  1840;  and 
in  1849  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Mexico. 

LEVIN,  LEWIS  C. 

He  was  born  in  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  November  10,  1808;  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education,  having 
graduated  at  Columbia  College, 
South  Carolina;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law,  and  practiced  the  same  in 
Maryland,  Louisiana,  Kentucky  and 
Pennsylvania ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1845  to  1847,  and 
again  from  1847  to  1851,  generally 
serving  on  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Affairs.  To  him  is  generally  award 
ed  the  credit  of  having  founded,  in 
1843,  the  Native  American  party. 


298 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


LEWIS,  ABNER. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ;  was 
a  member  of  the  Assembly  of  that 
State,  from  Chautauque  County  in 
1838  and  1839,  and  was  a  Repre- 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1845  to  1847. 

LEWIS,  DIXON  II. 

Born  in  Dinwiddie  County,  Vir- 
ginia,  in  1802,  and  was  educated  at 
the  South  Carolina  College*.  He 
studied  law,  removed  to  Alaba 
ma,  and  became  eminent  in  his  pro 
fession.  He  was  an  able  and  amia 
ble  man,  and  physically  very  large 
and  fleshy ;  and  the  story  is  related 
of  him,  that  when  returning  from 
home  on  one  of  the  Southern  steam 
ers,  which  was  wrecked,  he  refused 
to  take  a  seat  in  a  small  boat,  be 
cause  the  lives  of  several  persons 
would  thereby  be  jeopardized,  and 
though  for  a  time  he  was  in  great 
danger,  he  was  rescued.  He  Repre 
sented  Alabama  in  Congress,  from 
1829  to  1343,  and  from  1844  until 
his  death  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress.  Died  in  New  York,  October 
25,  1848. 

LEWIS,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Yirginia,  from  1803  to 
1807. 

LEWIS,  WILLIAM  J. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1817  to 
1819. 


LIGON,  THOMAS  W. 

He  was  born  in  Prince  Edward 
County,  Yirginia,  placed  at  an  ear 
ly  age  at  Hampden  Sydney  Col 
lege,  but  finished  his  education  at 
the  University  of  Yirginia.  He 
studied  law,  and  after  spending  a 
year  and  a  half  at  the  Yale  Law 
School,  settled  in  Baltimore.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  from  1845  to  1849, 
having  been  re-elected  for  a  second 
term  ;  and  was  elected  in  1854  Go 
vernor  of  that  State. 

LILLY,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  New  York, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

LINCOLN,  ABRAHAM. 

He  was  born  in  Hardin  County, 
Kentucky,  February  12,  1809;  re 
ceived  a  limited  education ;  adopted 
the  profession  of  law ;  was  a  cap 
tain  of  volunteers  in  the  Black 
Hawk  war ;  at  one  time  Postmas 
ter  of  a  small  village ;  four  times 
elected  to  the  Illinois  Legislature  ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Illinois,  from  1847  to  1849. 

LINCOLN,  ENOCH. 

Born  in  Worcester,  Massachu 
setts,  December  28, 1788  ;  and  after 
studying  law,  settled  in  Fryeburg, 
Maine,  and  afterwards  removed  to 
Paris.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
United  States  House  of  Represen 
tatives,  from  1818  to  1826,  when 
he  was  elected  Governor  of  Maine, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


and  re-elected  in  1828.     He  pub-  j 
lished,  while  at  Fryeburg,  a  poem,  1 
entitled   "The  Village;"   he   was  ! 
also  the  author  of  some  historical 
recollections  of  Maine.     He  died 
at  Augusta,  October  8,  1829. 

LINCOLN,  LEVI. 

A  native  of  Massachusetts ;  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  College  in  1772 ; 
and  settled  as  a  lawyer  in  "NVorces-  I 
ter,  where  he  rose  to  distinction ; 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1799  to  1801,  and  dur 
ing  the  administration  of  President  j 
Adams,  he  wrote  a  series  of  politi 
cal  papers,  called  "  Farmer's  Let 
ters."     In  1801  he  was  appointed 
Attorney-General    of    the   United 
States,  and  acted  as  Secretary  of 
State,  until  Mr.  Madison  reached  | 
Washington;    and    in    1807     was  j 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Massachu-  , 
setts;  acting  as  Governor  in  1809, 
after  the  death  of  Governor  Sul 
livan.     In  1811  he  was  Associate 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,     lie 
died  at  Worcester,  Massachusetts, 
April  14,  1820,  aged  seventy-one 
years. 

LINCOLN,  LEVI. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts; 
was  Governor  of  that  State,  from 
1825  to  1834;  and  from  1834  to 
1841  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress.  He  also  served  a  number 
of  years  in  the  Legislature  of  that 
State. 

LINDLEY,  JAMES  J. 

Born  at  Mansfield,  Ohio,  January 
1,  1822;  went  with  his  parents  to 


Kentucky  when  a  boy,  and  lived  at 
Cynthiaua  several  years ;  was  a 
student  in  Woodvillc  College,  Ohio, 
for  two  years ;  studied  law,  and 
located  at  Monticello,  Missouri,  in 
1846.  In  1848  he  was  elected  Cir 
cuit  Attorney  for-  eight  counties, 
and  re-elected  in  1852.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  the  Thirty-third 
Congress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fourth.  He  afterwards  re 
moved  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  and 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession. 

LINDSLEY,  WILLIAM  D. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
having  removed  to  Ohio,  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

LINN,  ARCHIBALD  L. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1841  to  1843,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Assem 
bly,  from  Schenectady,  in  1844. 

LINN,  JAMES. 

He  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1769,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jer 
sey,  from  1799  to  1801,  when  he 
was  appointed  by  President  Adams 
Supervisor  of  the  Revenue. 

LINN,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  of  which 
State  he  was  a  native,  from  1817  to 
1821. 


300 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


LINN,  LEWIS  F. 

Born  near  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
November  5,  1795  He  was  edu 
cated  chiefly  by  an  elder  brother, 
and  studied  medicine.  In  1809  he 
removed  to  Missouri;  and  in  1814 
helped  to  fight  the  battles  of  his 
country;  after  successfully  practic 
ing  his  profession,  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  in  1827  ;  and 
in  1833  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  in  which  capacity  he 
served  until  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  at  St.  Genevieve,  Missouri, 
October  3,  1843.  He  proved  him 
self  to  be  a  man  of  remarkable 
abilities,  identified  himself  through 
out  his  whole  career  in  Congress 
with  the  interests  of  the  valley  of 
the  Mississippi,  and  when  he  died, 
many  of  the  best  men  in  the  coun 
try  eulogized  him  for  his  manifold 
virtues. 

LITCHFIELD,  ELISHA. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ; 
served  five  years  in  the  State  Legis 
lature,  from  Onondaga  County ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1821 
to  1823,  and  again  from  1823  to 
1825. 

LITTLE,  EDWARD  I>. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1842 
to  1853. 

LITTLE,  PETER. 

He  was  born  in  Petersburg,  Penn 
sylvania  ;  removed  to  Maryland ; 


and  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1811  to  181 3,  and  was  in  the  latter 
year  appointed,  by  President  Madi 
son,  colonel  of  infantry  ;  and  again 
a  Representative  in  Congress  from 
1816  to  1829. 

LITTLEFIELD,  NATHANIEL  S. 

Born  in  Wells,  York  County, 
Maine,  September  20,  1804;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education  ; 
studied  and  adopted  the  profession 
of  law ;  was  a  member  of  the  Maine 
Senate  in  1837,  1838,  and  1839; 
President  of  the  same  a  part  of  the 
time ;  a  Representative,  from  Maine, 
of  the  Twenty-seventh  and  Thirty- 
first  Congresses ;  and  a  member  of 
the  Maine  House  of  Representatives 
in  1854.  Now  devoted  to  his  pro 
fession. 

L1VERMORE,  ARTHUR. 

Born  in  Londonderry,  New  Hamp 
shire,  July  26,  1776.  He  was  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  Hampshire  from  17 99  to  1816; 
from  1825  to  1833  Judge  of  the 
Common  Pleas  ;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1817  to  1821, 
and  from  1823  to  1825.  He  died 
at  Campton,  New  Hampshire,  July 
1,  1853. 

LIVERMORE,  EDWARD  S. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1807  to  1811. 

LIVERMORE,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  Waltham,  New  Hamp 
shire,  in  1732;  graduated  at  Prince- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


DO] 


ton  College  in  1752 ;  was  Judge- 
Advocate  of  the  Admiralty  before 
the  Revolution  ;  subsequently  Judge 
of  the  Superior  Court  of  New 
Hampshire;  and  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1793  to  1801.  He  died 
at  Holderness,  May,  1803. 

LIVINGSTON,  EDWARD. 

Born  at  Claremont,  Livingston 
Manor,  New  York,  in  1704;  gra 
duated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1781 ;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1785,  and  pursued 
his  profession  till  1795,  when  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  Con 
gress,  from  New  York  City,  serving 
until  1802.  He  was  then  appointed 
United  States  Attorney  for  the  Dis 
trict  of  New  York,  and  was  also 
mayor  of  the  city.  Removing  to 
New  Orleans  in  1804  he  became 
eminent  there  as  a  lawyer ;  at  the  i 
invasion  of  Louisiana  he  acted  as  j 
the  aid  to  General  Jackson  ;  and  j 
was  elected  a  Representative,  of 
Louisiana,  in  Congress,  from  1823 
to  1829,  and  as  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States  from  1829  to  1831, 
when  he  was  appointed,  by  Presi-  j 
dent  Jackson,  Secretary  of  State, 
and  in  1833  Minister  to  France. 
His  "  Penal  Code'' is  considered  a 
monument  of  his  profound  learning.  ; 
He  died  at  Rhinebeck,  May  23, 
1836. 

LIVINGSTON,  HENRY  WALTER. 

Was  born  in  1764  ;  graduated  at 
Yale    College    in    1786,   and  was  j 
educated  to  the  law  ;  he  was  secre-  i 
tary,  in  1792,  to  Mr.  Morris,  Am-  | 


bassador  to  France ;  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1803  to  1807.  He  died  at 
Livingston  Manor,  New  York,  De 
cember  22,  1810,  aged  forty-two. 

LIVINGSTON,  ROBERT  LE  ROY. 

He  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  the  Sixth  Con 
gressional  District  of  New  York, 
from  1809  to  1813,  but  resigned  in 
1812,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  T. 
P.  Grosvenor;  he  was  then  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Madison,  lieu 
tenant-colonel  of  infantry. 

LLOYD,  EDWARD. 

lie  was  at  one  time  Governor  of 
Maryland  ;  a  member  of  Congress 
from  1806  to  1809;  and  served  as 
United  States  Senator,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1819  to  1826.  He  was 
highly  respected,  both  in  public  and 
private  life.  He  died  June  2,  1834. 

LLOYD,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  from  1797  to  1800. 

LLOYD,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1769 ;  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1787;  and 
devoted  himself  to  mercantile  pur 
suits,  and  resided  in  Russia  a  num 
ber  of  years.  He  devoted  some 
attention  to  literature  ;  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  American  Acade 
my  of  Arts  and  Sciences ;  and  re 
ceived  from  his  Alma  Mater,  in 
1826,  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 
He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 


302 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


from  Massachusetts,  from  1808  to 
1813,  and  again  from  1822  to  1826, 
serving  as  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Commerce  and  Naval 
Affairs.  His  reputation  was  that 
of  an  able  statesman  and  a  wealthy 
and  benevolent  man.  He  died  in 
New  York  City,  April  5,  1831. 

LOCKE,  FRANCIS. 

Born  in  llowan  County,  North 
Carolina,  October  31,  1766.  He 
was  elected  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  in  1803,  arid,  having  resigned, 
was  chosen  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
for  the  years  1814  and  1815.  Died 
January,  1823. 

LOCKE,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Hopkinton,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1764;  graduated  at 
Cambridge  in  1792;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1796,  and  opened  an 
office  in  Ashby.  He  represented 
that  town,  in  the  Legislature,  in 
1804,  1805,  1813,  and  1823.  In 
1820  he  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
stitutional  Convention  of  the  State  ; 
and  from  1823  to  1829  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  the 
Worcester  North  District.  In  1830 
he  was  State  Senator,  from  Middle 
sex  County;  and  in  1831  was  a 
member  of  the  Executive  Council. 
He  removed  to  Lowell  in  1837,  and 
thence,  in  1849,  to  Boston,  where 
he  died  March  29,  1855. 

LOCKE,  MATTHEW. 

Born  in  llowan  County,  North 
Carolina,  in  1730,  and  died  in  1801. 


He  was  a  member  of  the  Congress 
at  Halifax,  in  1776,  which  formed 
the  Constitution  of  North  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States,  from 
1793  to  1799.  He  also  served  in 
the  Legislature,  and  had  four  sons, 
at  one  time,  in  the  revolutionary 
war. 

LOCKHART,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  but 
removed  to  Indiana,  and  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

LOGAN,  GEORGE. 

Born  at  Stanton,  near  Philadel 
phia,  September  9,  1753.  He  was 
educated  at  Edinburg  for  the  me 
dical  profession,  but  devoted  a 
great  portion  of  his  time  to  agricul 
ture  ;  and  was  a  member  of  the  Le 
gislature  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1798 
he  embarked  for  Europe  for  the  sole 
purpose  of  preventing  a  war  between 
America  and  France,  and  prepared 
the  way  for  a  negotiation  which 
terminated  in  peace.  He  was  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States,  from 
1801  to  1807.  He  went  to  Eng 
land,  in  February,  1810,  on  the 
same  peaceful  mission  which  led 
him  to  France,  but  not  with  the 
same  success.  He  was  an  active 
member  of  the  Philosophical  Society 
and  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture ; 
and  in  1797  published  "Experi 
ments  on  Gypsum"  and  "  Rotation 
of  Crops."  He  died  at  Stanton, 
April  9,  1821. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


LOGAN,   HENRY. 

He  was   born    in    Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con-  ! 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1835  i 
to  1839. 

LOGAN,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Harrodsburg, 
Kentucky,  Decembers,  177<5;  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Constitu 
tional  Convention  in  1799;  studied 
law  and  practiced  with  success  ;  was 
frequently  in  the  Legislature,  and 
officiated  as  Speaker;  was  twice 
chosen  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Ap 
peals  ;  was  a  Senator  in  Congress 
during  the  years  1819  and  1820; 
and  died  August  8,  1822. 

LfiNG,  EDWARD  II. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1847. 

LONG,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Randolph  County,  North 
Carolina ;  was  a  farmer  by  profes 
sion  ;  entered  public  life  as  a  Se-  ' 
nator  in  the  Assembly  in  1815,  and 
in  1821  was  elected  to  Congress  as 
a  Representative,  from  North  Ca 
rolina,  where  he  remained  until  1829. 

LONGFELLOW,  STEPHEN. 

He  was  born  about  the  year 
1770;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  17S9;  for  many  years 
a  leading  politician  and  lawyer  in 
Maine;  and  a  member  of  the 
Hartford  Convention  in  1814,  of 
which  body,  at  the  time  of  his 


death,  he  was  the  only  surviving 
delegate  from  Massachusetts.  From 
1817  to  183G  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Corporation  of  Bowdoin  Col 
lege,  from  which  institution  he  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL.I).  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Maine,  from  1823  to  1825, 
and  died  at  Portland,  August  2, 
1849. 

LOO  MIS,  A. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1837  to 
1838. 

LOOMIS,  ARP1IAXAD. 

lie  was  for  three  years  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  of  New  York, 
from  Herkimer  County,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1837  to  1839. 

LORD,  FREDERICK  W. 

Born  in  Lyine,  Connecticut,  De 
cember  11,  1800;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1821 ;  was  for  two 
years  Professor  of  Mathematics  in 
Washington  College ;  had  charge 
for  three  years  of  an  academy  in  the 
City  of  Baltimore;  devoted  himself, 
in  Baltimore,  for  several  years,  to 
the  study  of  medicine,  and  received 
a  diploma  from  Yale  College  in 
1829;  spent  fifteen  years  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  at  Sag 
Harbor,  New  York,  when  he  re 
tired;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1847  to  1849.  He  was  also  a  dele 
gate  to  the  Baltimore  National  Con 
vention  for  nominating  a  President, 
in  1840. 


304 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


LOVE,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1833 
to  1835. 

LOVE,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1807  to 
1811. 

LOVE,  THOMAS  C. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1835 
to  1837. 

LOVE,  WILLIAM  C. 

Born  in  Virginia,  educated  at  the 
University  of  North  Carolina,  of 
which  his  father  was  Steward ;  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
North  Carolina,  from  1815  to  1817. 

LOVEJOY,  OWEN. 

He  was  born  in  Albion,  Kenne- 
bec  County,  Maine,  January  6, 
1811;  labored  on  a  farm  until 
eighteen  years  of  age ;  taught 
school,  and  obtained  the  means  for 
a  college  education,  which  he  re 
ceived  at  Bowdoin.  He  was  a 
clergyman  of  the  Congregational 
Church,  at  Princeton,  Illinois,  from 
1838  to  1854,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  the  Illinois  Le 
gislature  in  1854,  when  he  resigned 
his  pastoral  duties ;  and  in  1856 
was  elected  a  Representative  from 
that  State  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Revolutionary  Claims. 


LOVETT,  JOHN. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly  in  1800  and  1801,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1813  to  1814,  and 
from  1815  to  1817.  He  died  in 
1818. 

LOWELL,  JOSHUA  A. 

He  was  born  in  Thomaston, 
Maine,  March  20,  1801 ;  his  edu 
cational  advantages  were  limited, 
but  he  commenced  active  life  by 
teaching  school ;  he  adopted  the 
profession  of  law;  was  a  member 
of  the  Maine  Legislature  in  1826, 
1831,  and  1832,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Maine,  from 
1839  to  1843. 

LOWER,  CHRISTIAN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1805 
to  1807. 

LOWNDES,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  in  1765;  received  a 
thorough  education,  and  was  one  of 
the  chivalrous  citizens  of  his  native 
city.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  South  Carolina, 
from  1801  to  1805,  and  was  distin 
guished  for  his  talents.  He  died 
in  Charleston,  July  8,  1843. 

LOWNDES,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  native  of  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1811  to  1822,  when, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


305 


from  ill  health,  he  resigned.  In  1 8 1 8 
he  was  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
of  Ways  and  Means.  He  died 
while  on  a  voyage  with  his  family 
from  Philadelphia  to  London,  in 
the  ship  Moss,  October  27,  1822, 
aged  forty-two.  He  had  a  memory 
of  uncommon  power,  was  an  elo 
quent  debater,  and  stood  in  the  first 
rank  of  American  statesmen. 

LOWRIE,  WALTER. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  New  Jersey,  from  1819  to 
1825. 

LOT  ALL,  GEORGE. 

Born  in  Norfolk,  Virginia,  May 
29,1789;  graduated  at  William 
and  Mary  College  in  1808.  In 
1815  he  visited  England,  and  on 
his  return  in  1817,  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Delegates 
of  Virginia,  and  served  ten  years. 
In  1829  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  to  amend  the  State  Consti 
tution,  and  from  1831  to  1837  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress. 
In  1837  he  was  appointed  Navy 
Agent  at  Norfolk,  and  with  the  ex 
ception  of  two  years,  he  has  occu 
pied  that  position  ever  since. 

LUCAS,  EDWARD. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1837. 

LUCAS,  JOHN  B.  C. 

H^e    was    born    in     Normandy, 
France,  in  1762;  was  educated  at 
the  University  of  Caen,  where  he 
20 


graduated  as  Doctor  of  Civil  and 
Common  Law  in  1782.  lie  prac 
ticed  his  profession  in  his  native 
country  two  years,  and  then  emi 
grated  to  the  United  States,  and 
settled  on  a  farm  near  Pittsburg, 
Pennsylvania,  where,  in  connec 
tion  with  agricultural  pursuits,  he 
devoted  himself  to  acquiring  the 
English  language,  and  making  him 
self  acquainted  with  the  history, 
constitution,  and  laws  of  his  adopt 
ed  country.  He  soon  gained  the 
confidence  of  the  people,  and  in 
1792  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  served  as  a 
Judge  in  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  for  his  district.  In  1X02  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  and  re-elected  in  1804. 
In  1805  he  was  appointed,  by  Pre 
sident  Jefferson,  Judge  of  the 
United  States  Court  in  Upper 
Louisiana,  when  he  resigned  his 
seat  in  Congress,  and  removed  to 
St.  Louis.  He  was  also  Commis 
sioner  of  Land  Titles  in  that  Ter 
ritory,  .lie  held  the  office  of  Judge 
until  1820,  when  he  retired  to  pri 
vate  life,  on  a  farm  adjoining  the 
City  of  St.  Louis,  where  he  died  in 
September,  1842. 

LUCAS,  WILLIAM. 
He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1841, 
and  for  a  second  term,  from  1843 
to  1845. 

LUMPKIN,  JOHN  H. 
He    was    born    in    Oglethorpe 
County,   Georgia,  June  13,  1812  ; 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


he  was  educated  at  Franklin  and 
Yale  Colleges ;  served  for  a  time 
as  secretary  in  the  Executive  De 
partment  of  Georgia ;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1834  ;  was  elected  to  the  State  Le 
gislature  in  1853;  in  1838  he  was 
Solicitor-General  of  the  Cherokee 
Circuit ;  and  he  was  a  Repi'esenta- 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Georgia, 
from  1843  to  1849,  and  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress.  He 
also  held  the  office,  for  three  years, 
of  Judge  of  the  Cherokee  Circuit 
Court,  and  that  of  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State. 

LUMPKIN,  WILSON. 

Born  in  Pittsylvania  County, 
Virginia,  January  14,  1783.  He 
received  a  common  school  educa 
tion,  and  while  engaged  as  a  copy 
ing  clerk,  in  his  father's  office, 
studied  law.  Soon  after  attaining 
the  age  of  twenty-one  he  was 
sent  to  the  State  Legislature,  and 
continued  in  that  capacity  a  num 
ber  of  years.  He  was  twice  elected 
Governor  of  Georgia.  In  1823  he 
was  appointed,  by  President  Mon 
roe,  to  mark  out  the  boundary  line 
between  Georgia  and  Florida ;  and, 
by  President  Jackson,  was  ap 
pointed  a  Commissioner,  under  the 
Cherokee  treaty  of  1835.  He  was 
also  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Public  Works.  He  served  in  the 
Federal  House  of  Representatives, 
from  1815  to  1817,  and  from  1827 
to  1831 ;  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1838  to  1841. 


LYLE,  AARON. 

He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1809  to  1817. 

LYMAN,  J.   S. 

He  was  born  in  Hampden,  Mas 
sachusetts,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1819  to  1821. 

LYMAN,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1770 ;  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1795  to  1800.  Died  in  1802. 

LYMAN,  WILLIAM. 

A  native  of  Northampton,  Mas 
sachusetts  ;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1776,  and  was  brigadier- 
general  of  militia.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1793 
to  1797  ;  and  appointed  Consul  to 
London  in  1805,  where  he  died,  Oc 
tober,  1811,  aged  about  fifty-eight 
years. 

LYNDE,  WILLIAM  P. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Wisconsin,  from  1848 
to  1849. 

LYON,  ASA. 

Was  a  native  of  Connecticut ;  a 
graduate  of  Darmouth  College,  in 
1790,  and  shortly  after  his  gradua 
tion  removed  to  South  Hero,  Ver 
mont.  He  was  appointed  Chief 
Judge  of  Grand  Isle  County,  in 
1805,  1806,  1808,  and  1813.^  He 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


South  Hero,  in  1802,  1804,  1805,  ! 
1806,  and   1808,  and  from  Grand  ! 
Isle,  in  1810,  1811,  1812,  1813,  and 
1814.     He  was   a  member  of  the  ' 
Executive  Council,    in  1808;    and  \ 
was  elected  a  member  of  Congress,  ; 
from    1815   to    1817.     He   was   a  ' 
member  of  the  Corporation  of  the  j 
University  of  Vermont,  from  1814  | 
to  1821,  inclusive.     He  is  said  to 
have  been  a  second  cousin  of  Ro 
bert  Burns,  the  Scotch  poet.     He 
was  for  many  years,  and  until  his 
death,  an  able  preacher  of  the  gos 
pel.     Although  never  regularly  in 
stalled,  he  prefered  the  Calvinistic 
form  of  worship.     He  was  distin-  . 
guished  for  his  ripe  scholarship  and  '. 
eloquence.     By  rigid  economy  and 
prudence,  he  amassed  wealth,  and 
died  at  South  Hero,  April  4, 1841. 
His  published  sermons  and  patriotic  | 
addresses  indicate  a  high  order  of 
talent,  and  an  intimate  acquaintance 
with  modern  and  classic  literature. 

LYON,  CALEB. 

He  was  born  in  Lyonsdale,  Lewis 
County,  New  York,  and   liberally 
educated,  and  while  devoting  him-  j 
self  to  the  quiet  pursuits  of  litera-  j 
ture,  was  elected  a  Representative  ! 
in  the  Thirty-third  Congress,  from 
New  York  ;   and  was  subsequently 
elected  for  one  term  to  each  house 
of  the  State  Legislature.     By  way 
of  distinction   he   signs   his  name  ' 
Caleb   Lyon,    of   Lyonsdale.      He 
has   traveled    extensively    in    the 
West   and   the   East,  and  has  re 
cently  devoted   some    attention  to 
lecturing. 


LYON,  CHITTENDEN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1827 
to  1835,  and  died  in  Caldwell 
County,  Kentucky,  in  November, 
1842. 

LYON,  FRANCIS  S. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  having  settled  in  Alabama,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1835  to  1839. 

LYON,  LUCIUS. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  but 
emigrated  to  Michigan  when  quite 
a  young  man  ;  devoted  himself  for 
a  number  of  years  to  the  business 
of  surveying  the  wild  lands  of  the 
Territory  ;  was  a  Delegate  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  Territory,  during 
the  years  1833,  1834  and  1835  ;  and 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  the 
State  of  Michigan,  from  1836  to 
1840 ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1843  to  1845.  His 
last  public  position  was  that  of 
Surveyor-General  in  the  North 
west.  Died  at  Detroit,  September 
25,  1851. 

LYON,  MATTHEW. 

He  was  born  in  Wicklow  County, 
Ireland,  in  1746,  and  having  emi 
grated  to  this  country  when  thir 
teen  years  of  age,  participated  to 
some  extent  in  the  revolutionary 
struggle,  having  in  1777  been  ap 
pointed  temporary  Paymaster  of 
the  Northern  army,  and  in  1778 
Deputy  Secretary  of  the  Governor 
of  Vermont,  and  at  the  same  time 


308 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Clerk  of  the  Court  of  Confiscation. 
He  settled  in  Vermont   after   the 
war,  and  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature,  in  1799  and 
the  three  following  years.    In  1783 
he  founded  the  town  of  Fairhaven, 
where  he  built  saw-mills,  grist-mills, 
established  a  forge  or  iron  foundry, 
manufactured     paper    from     bass- 
wood,  and  established  a  newspaper, 
called     The    Farmers'     Library. 
lie  served  that  town  in  the  Legis 
lature  ten  years.     In  1786  he  was 
Assistant  Judge  of  Rutland  Coun 
ty.     He  was  a   Representative  in 
Congress,    from     Vermont,     from 
1799  to   1801,  and  it  was  during 
his  first  term  that  he  had  a  personal 
difficulty,  on  the  floor  of  Congress, 
with  Roger  Griswold,  of  Connecti 
cut,  when  an  unsuccessful  effort  was 
made  to  have  him  expelled.     The 
fact   of  his  giving   the   vote   that 
made   Jefferson   President,  is  well 
known.     At  the  end  of  his  second 
term    as    a    Representative,    from 
Vermont,  he  removed  to  Kentucky, 
served  two  years  in  the  Legislature 
of  that  State,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from    1803    to    1811.     After    his 
final    retirement    from     Congress, 
and  on   November   13,    1811,   the 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  presented  a  petition  from 
him,    setting   forth    that    he   had, 
many  years  before,  been  prosecuted 
and  convicted   under  the  sedition 
law,  (see  "  State  Trials  of  the  Uni 
ted  States/')  that  he  had  suffered 
imprisonment,    and  been  made  to 
pay  the  sum  of  $1060  90,  and  that 


he  wished  to  have  the  money 
refunded  to  him.  On  July  4, 
1840,  a  law  was  passed,  pay 
ing  to  his  heirs  the  specified  sum, 
with  interest  from  February,  1799. 
It  was  while  in  prison  at  Vergennes, 
that  he  was  elected  to  Congress, 
from  Vermont,  and  at  the  close  of 
his  services  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  he  was  employed  to  build 
gun-boats  for  the  war,  but  became 
bankrupt  from  the  speculation.  In 
1820  he  was  appointed  a  Factor 
among  the  Cherokee  Indians  in 
Arkansas  ;  when  that  Territory  was 
organized,  he  was  elected  the  first 
Delegate  to  Congress,  but  did  not 
live  to  take  his  seat,  having  died  at 
Spadra  Bluff,  Arkansas,  August  1, 
1822. 

LYTLE,  ROBERT  T. 

He  was  distinguished  as  a  public 
speaker,  and  was  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1833  to 
1835.  He  died  in  New  Orleans, 
December  21,  1839. 

MACE,  DANIEL. 

Was  a  native  of  Ross  County, 
Ohio  ;  he  commenced  life  as  a  mer 
chant,  in  Warren  County,  Indiana, 
but  subsequently  became  a  success 
ful  lawyer.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Indiana, 
from  1851  to  1855. 

MACHIR,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1797  to 
1799. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


M  ACL  AY,  SAMUEL. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1795  to  1798,  and  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1803  to  1808. 

MACLAY,  WILLIAM. 
He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from    1789   to 
1791,  and  died  in  April,  1804. 

MACLAY,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1815 
to  1817,  and  again  from  1817  to  1819. 

MACLAY,  WILLIAM  15. 
Born  in  New  York  City  in  1815; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  New 
York,  where  he  subsequently  offi 
ciated  fur  a  time  as  Professor  of 
Latin  ;  lie  was  also  a  Trustee,  as 
well  as  Secretary  of  the  University ; 
he  adopted  the  profession  of  the 
law;  and  in  183G  he  was  associate 
editor  of  the  Neiv  York  Quarterly 
Magazine.  He  was  also  an  active 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  New 
York  for  several  years,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  in  1843  ;  was 
re-elected  in  1845,  1847,  and  also 
in  1857,  serving  generally  on  import 
ant  committees.  He  has  recently 
been  re-elected  a  Representative  in 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  which 
will  make  his  fifth  term. 

.MACLAY,  WILLIAM  P. 
He  was  born  in  Northumberland 
County,    Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
Representative   in  Congress,  from 
.that  State,  from  1816  to  1821. 


MACON,  NATHANIEL. 

He  was  born  in  Warren  County, 
North    Carolina,    in    1757.       His 
early  youth  was  marked  by  diligence 
in   the   acquisition   of  knowledge, 
and  he  was  sent  to  Princeton  Col 
lege  to  complete  his  education;  but 
the    troubles    of    the    Revolution 
closed  the  halls  of  that  institution, 
and  he  returned  home  and  volun 
teered  as  a  private  in  a  company 
commanded  by  his  brother,  having 
refused  a  higher  position.     While 
in  the  army,  he  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the    General    Assembly,  in 
which  he  served  for  several  years. 
In  1791  he  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  and  continued  a 
member  of   that  body  until  trans 
ferred  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
in  1815,  where  he  served  until  1S28. 
From  1801  to  1805  he  was  Speaker 
of  the   House,  and   from  1825  to 
1S2S   he   was   President  pro  tern. 
of  the  Senate.    He  was  for  thirty- 
seven    years    a    member    of     the 
I  House  or  Senate,  and  was  called 
the    Father  of  the  House,  having 
I  served  a  longer  time  in  that  body 
than  any  other  man.      In  1S28  his 
!  native  State,  in  honor  of  his  ser 
vices,  named  a  county  for  him.    He 
afterwards  returned  to  the  General 
Assembly,  and  in  1835  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Constitutional  Conven- 
j  tion  of  the  State.     He  died  sud- 
|  denly,   at  his  residence,  June   29, 
I  1837. 

MACY,  JOHN  B. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
1  gress,  from  Wisconsin,  from  1853 


310 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


to  1855.  He  resided  at  Fond  du 
Lac,  and  was  lost,  September  24, 
by  the  burning  of  the  steamboat 
Niagara,  on  Lake  Michigan. 

MADISON,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  on  the  Rappahan- 
nock  River,  in  Virginia,  March  16, 
1751 ;  and  after  due  preparation  he 
entered  Princeton  College  in  1769, 
and  graduated  in  1771,  going 
through  the  junior  and  senior  stu 
dies  in  one  year.  He  remained  at 
the  College  until  1772,  for  the  pur 
pose  of  studying  Hebrew.  In  1776 
he  was  sent  to  the  General  Assem 
bly,  and  in  1778  was  a  member  of 
the  Executive  Council ;  from  1779 
to  1785  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Continental  Congress,  and  was 
chosen  a  second  time  in  1786;  in 
1789  he  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  at  Philadelphia  which 
formed  the  Federal  Constitution, 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  under  the  Constitution, 
from  1789  to  1797.  In  1793  he 
went  again  into  the  Assembly,  and 
in  1800  was  an  Elector  for  Presi 
dent.  In  1801  he  was  Secretary 
of  State  of  the  United  States,  which 
office  he  held  until  1809,  when  he 
was  elected  President  of  the  Uni 
ted  States,  and  served  two  entire 
terms.  After  leaving  the  Executive 
chair,  he  retired  to  private  life  on 
his  estate,  known  as  Montpelier. 
He  was  subsequently  a  Yisitor  and 
Rector  of  the  University  of  Virgi 
nia;  and  in  1829  a  member  of  the 
State  Convention,  which  was  the 
last  public  position  he  held.  He 
was  one  of  the  contributors  to  the 


Federalist,  and  his  collected  State 
papers  and  miscellaneous  writings 
have  been  published  in  six  volumes. 
He  died  at  Montpelier,  Orange 
County,  Virginia,  June  28,  1836. 

MAGEE,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1827  to  1831. 

MAGRUDER,  ALLAN  B. 

A  native  of  Kentucky,  and  a  law 
yer  by  profession.  He  removed  to 
Louisiana,  and  in  1805  published 
"Reflections  on  the  Cession  of 
Louisiana  to  the  United  States;'' 
and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1812  to  181 3. 
He  had  collected  materials  for  a 
general  history  of  the  Indians.  He 
died  at  Opelousas,  Louisiana,  in 
April,  1822. 

MAGRUDER,  PATRICK. 

He  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Maryland,  in  1768;  edu 
cated  at  Princeton  College ;  adopt 
ed  the  profession  of  law;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Maryland,  from  1805  to  1807  ;  and 
was  Clerk  of  the  United  States 
House  of  Representatives,  from 
1807  to  1815.  He  died  in  Peters 
burg,  Virginia,  in  1819  or  1820. 

MALBONE,  FRANCIS. 
He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Rhode  Island,  in  1809,  having 
previously  been  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1793  to  1797.  He  died  June  4, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


311 


MALLARY,  IIOLLIN  C. 

He  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Con 
necticut,  in  1784,  and  died  in  Balti 
more,  April  16,  1831.  He  repre 
sented  the  State  of  Vermont  in 
Congress,  from  1819  to  1831,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  all  matters 
appertaining  to  commerce  as  chair 
man  of  an  important  committee.  He 
was  held  in  the  highest  estimation 
both  for  his  public  acts  and  private 
virtues. 

MALLORY,  FRANCIS. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1839, 
and  again  from  1841  to  1843. 

MALLORY,   MEREDITH. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1839  to  1841. 

MALLORY,  S.  R. 

He  is  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Florida,  having  been  elected  in  1851, 
serving  continuously,  by  re-election, 
to  the  present  time.  He  is  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Affairs,  and  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Claims. 

MANGUM,  WILIE  P. 

Born  in  Orange  County,  North 
Carolina,  in  1792,  and  graduated  at 
the  university  of  that  State  in  1815. 
He  studied  law,  rose  to  eminence 
in  his  profession,  entered  into  poli 
tics,  and  was  elected  to  the  House 
of  Commons,  in  1S18.  In  1819  he 
was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Superior 


Court;  and  from  18:23  to  1826, 
served  as  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress.  He  was  elected  a  United 
States  Senator  in  1831,  re-elected 
in  1841,  and  for  a  third  term  in 
1848.  In  1S37  he  received  eleven 
electoral  votes  for  President  of  the 
United  States ;  and  during  the  ad 
ministration  of  President  Tyler  was 
President  of  the  United  States  Se 
nate.  He  has  of  late  years  lived  in 
retirement  at  his  home  in  North 
Carolina. 

MANN,  ARI.IAH,  JR. 

Born  at  Fairfield,  Herkimer 
County,  New  York,  September  24, 
1793;  he  received  a  good  common 
school  education,  and  became  a 
teacher  in  the  district  school  in 
Oneida  County ;  he  was  afterwards 
a  merchant,  postmaster,  and  justice 
of  the  peace ;  and  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature  in  1827,  serving  by  re- 
elections  until  1S30.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1833  to  1837,  during  which  time  he 
served  on  several  committees,  being 
once  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Rules  and  Orders  of  the  House.  In 
1837,  on  returning  to  his  native 
county,  he  was  again  re-elected  to 
the  Legislature.  He  afterwards 
removed  to  New  York  City,  and 
declined  all  official  employments. 

MANN,   HORACE. 

Born  in  Franklin,  Massachusetts, 
May  4,  1796.  He  was,  to  some 
degree,  self-educated,  but  gradua 
ted  at  Brown  University  in  1819; 
he  studied  law  at  Litchfield,  Con 
necticut,  and  while  Counselor-at- 


312 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


law,  in  Dedharn,  Massachusetts,  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature. 
He  removed  to  Boston  in  1836, 
where  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  chosen  President  of  the  j 
Massachusetts  Board  of  Education,  | 
and  elected  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  1848  to  1853.  Since  that 
time  he  has  been  devoted  to  mat 
ters  connected  with  education,  hav 
ing  been  appointed  President  of 
Antioch  College  and  the  North 
western  Christian  University  at  In 
dianapolis. 

MANN,  JOB. 

He  was  born  in  Bethel  Town 
ship,  Bedford  County,  Pennsylvania, 
March  31,  1795  ;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education  ;  in  1816  was 
appointed  clerk  to  a  board  of  county 
commissioners ;  •  two  years  after 
wards  he  was  appointed  register, 
recorder,  and  clerk,  for  the  courts 
of  Bedford  County,  all  of  which  po 
sitions  he  continued  to  hold  until 
1835,  when  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  where  he 
served  one  term.  In  1839  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar;  in  1842  was 
appointed  State  Treasurer,  which 
office  he  held  for  three  terms  ;  and 
in  1847  was  again  elected  to  Con 
gress,  where  he  served  until  1851, 
declining  a  re-election. 

MANN,  JOEL  K. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in 
1780,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1831  to  1835.  He  died  in  Mont 
gomery  County,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1857. 


MANNING,  RICHARD  I. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina ; 
graduated  at  the  State  College  at 
Columbia  in  1811 ;  was  frequently 
in  the  Upper  and  Lower  House  of 
the  State  Legislature ;  was  Govern 
or  of  South  Carolina  for  two  years  ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1834  to  1836  ;  and  died  May 
1,  1836,  at  Philadelphia,  before  the 
expiration  of  his  term,  very  suddenly, 
while  seated  at  the  table  with  his 
family.  He  was  greatly  respected 
for  his  talents  and  virtues,  Mr. 
Preston  and  Mr.  Pinckney  both  eulo 
gizing  him  in  Congress. 

MARBLE,  JOHN  II. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1825 
to  1829. 

MARCIIAND,  ALBERT  G. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1839  to  1843,  and  died  at  his  resi 
dence,  in  Greensburg,  Pennsylva 
nia,  February  5,  1848. 

MARCIIAND,  DAVID. 

He  was  born  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Pennsylvania,  and  wa.s  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1817  to  1821. 

MAUCY,  WILLIAM  LARNED. 

He  was  born  in  Sturbridge,  Wor- 
cester  County,  Massachusetts,  in 
1786,  and  died  in  Ballston  Spa, 
New  York,  July  4,  1857.  -He  gra 
duated  at  Brown  University  in 
1808  ;  taught  school  for  awhile  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Newport,  Rhode  Islam! ;  studied 
law,  and  commenced  practice  in 
Troy,  New  York.  He  was  ap 
pointed  Recorder  of  that  City  in 
1816;  made  Comptroller  in  1823, 
and  removed  to  Albany.  In  1829 
he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State.  He 
was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  in  1831,  elected  Governor 
of  New  York  in  1832,  and  re-elect 
ed  in  1^34.  He  was  Secretary  of 
War,  under  President  Polk,  from 
1845  to  1849;  and  Secretary  of 
State,  under  President  Pierce,  from 
1853  to  1857.  He  was  a  hard 
working,  careful,  plain  man,  and  a 
good  scholar.  As  a  statesman  and 
diplomatist,  he  had  the  reputation 
of  displaying  both  judgment  and 
skill ;  but  his  crowning  virtue  was 
his  incorruptible  integrity. 

MARDIS,  SAMUEL  W. 

Born  in  Alabama  in  1801,  and 
died  at  Talladega,  in  that  State, 
November  14,  1S37.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Alabama,  from  1831  to  1835,  and 
was  much  respected  for  his  manly 
virtues. 

MARION,  ROBERT. 

He  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1805  to 
1810. 

MARKELL,   HENRY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1825  to 
1829. 


MARKELL,  JACOB. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1813  to 
1815. 

MARKLEY,  Till  LIP  S. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1823 
to  1827,  and  was  in  the  latter  year 
appointed  Naval  Officer  for  the 
port  of  Philadelphia. 

MARKS,  WILLIAM. 

Was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1825  to  1831. 

MARK,  ALEM. 

He  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1807  ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Pennsylvania, 
from  1829  to  1831.' 

MARR,  GEORGE  W.  L. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1817  to 
1819. 

MARROW,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1805  to 
1809. 

MARSH,  CHARLES. 

Born  at  Lebanon,  Connecticut, 
July  10,  17C5,  but  with  bis  father's 

I  family  removed  to  Vermont,  before 
the  Revolution.  He  graduated 
at  Dartmouth  College  in  1786,  stu 
died  law,  and  commenced  practice 
at  Woodstock,  Vermont.  He  was 

'  for  fifty  years  devoted  to  his  profes 
sion,  and  for  a  long  time  at  the  head 


314 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


of  the  bar  in  the  State.  He  served 
as  a  member  of  Congress,  from  1815 
to  18  U,  and  while  in  Washington 
became  identified  with  the  American 
Colonization  Society  as  one  of  its 
founders.  He  acquired  great  popu 
larity  as  a  patron  of  benevolent  so 
cieties  generally,  and  was  a  highly 
influential  and  useful  citizen.  Died 
at  Woodstock,  Vermont,  January 
11,  1849. 

MARSH,  GEORGE  P. 

Born  in  Woodstock,  Vermont, 
March  15,  1801 ;  was  educated  at 
Dartmouth  College,  where  he  gra 
duated  in  1820.  He  afterwards  re 
moved  to  Burlington  Vermont, 
where  he  commenced  the  study  of 
the  law ;  and  he  has  since  made 
that  place  his  home.  After  his  ad 
mission  to  the  bar,  he  came  into  an 
extensive  practice,  and  devoted 
much  of  his  time  to  politics.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature  in  1835,  and  in  1842  he  took 
his  seat  in  the  United  States  House 
of  Representatives,  which  he  conti 
nued  to  occupy  until  he  was  sent  as 
Resident-Minister  to  Turkey,  in 
1849,  by  President  Taylor.  At  this 
post  he  rendered  essential  service  to 
the  cause  of  civil  and  religious  to 
leration  in  the  Turkish  Empire.  He 
was  also  charged  with  a  special 
mission  to  Greece  in  1852.  He  is 
well  known  as  an  author  and  a 
scholar.  He  has  devoted  much  at 
tention  to  the  languages  and  litera 
ture  of  the  North  of  Europe,  and 
his  sympathies  appear  to  be  with 


the  Goths,  whose  presence  he  traces 
in  whatever  is  great  and  peculiar  in 
the  character  of  the  founders  of 
New  England.  In  a  work  entitled 
"  The  Goths  in  New  England,"  he 
has  contrasted  the  Gothic  and  Ro 
man  characters,  which  he  appears 
to  regard  as  the  great  antagonistic 
principles  of  society  at  the  present 
day.  He  is  also  the  author  of  a 
grammar  of  the  old  Northern  or 
Icelandic  language,  and  of  various 
essays,  literary  and  historical,  relat 
ing  to  the  Goths  and  their  connec 
tions  with  America.  He  is  the  au 
thor  of  an  interesting  work  on  the 
camel,  and  his  published  addresses 
and  speeches  are  quite  numerous. 
Since  his  return  from  Tin  Key  he  has 
been  performing  the  duties  of  Com 
missioner  of  Railroads  for  the  State 
of  Vermont.  His  library  is  said  to 
be  one  of  the  finest  in  this  country, 
rich  beyond  compare,  in  Scandina 
vian  literature. 

MARSHALL,  ALEXANDER  K. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1855  to  1857. 

MARSHALL,  ALFRED. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1841  to 
1843,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Militia. 

MARSHALL,  EDWARD  C. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  California,  from  1851  to  1853. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


MARSHALL,  HUMPHREY". 

He  was  among  the  earliest  pio-   • 
neers   to    Kentucky,    having  gone   | 
there  in  1780;  he  was  a  member  of 
the    State    Convention    in    17S7; 
served  for  many  years  in  the  State 
Legislature  ;  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1 7  95  to  1 80 1 .      lie 
was  the  author  of  the  first  published 
History  of  Kentucky,  and  died  at 
an  advanced  age. 

MARSHALL,  HUMPHREY. 

Born  at  Frankfort,  Kentucky, 
January  13,  1812.  He  graduated 
at  the  West  Point  Academy,  but  \ 
resigned  his  military  commission  of 
lieutenant,  and  studied  law,  which 
he  practiced  with  success.  During 
the  ten  years  preceding  the  Mexi 
can  war,  and  while  devoting  himself 
to  his  profession  in  Louisville,  he 
took  an  active  part  in  the  military 
affairs  of  the  State,  as  captain, 
major,  and  lieutenant-colonel ;  he 
served  in  the  Mexican  war  as  co 
lonel  of  cavalry ;  fighting  at  Buena 
Vista,  and  leading  the  charge  of 
the  Kentucky  Volunteers  ;  in  1847, 
after  declining  several  important  , 
nominations,  he  retired  to  a  farm ; 
he  was  elected  to  Congress,  in  1840, 
as  Representative,  and  re-elected  in 
1851 ;  he  was  appointed,  by  Pre 
sident  Fillmore,  Commissioner  to 
China,  which  was  immediately  raised 
to  a  first-class  mission;  in  185f>  he 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Na 
tional  Council,  held  in  New  York, 
where  he  caused  to  be  thrown  off 
all  secrecy  in  the  politics  of  his 
party;  and  in  1857  he  was  re- 


elected  to  Congress,  and  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Military 
Affairs. 

MARSHALL,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Fauquier  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  September  24,  1755, 
and  was  the  eldest  of  fifteen  children. 
He  had  some  classical  education  in 
his  youth,  but  his  opportunities  for 
learning  were  limited,  and  he  never 
entered  college,  his  father,  Thomas 
Marshall,  having  been  a  poor  man, 
but  possessed  of  superior  talents. 
At  the  commencement  of  the  Ame 
rican  war,  he  espoused  it  with  ardor ; 
in  1770  he  was  appointed  lieutenant, 
and  in  1777  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  captain.  In  1780  he  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  and  in  1781  re 
signed  his  commission,  and  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
soon  rising  to  distinction.  lie  was 
a  member  of  the  Virginia  Conven 
tion  to  ratify  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States,  and  as  such  pro 
duced  a  deep  impression  by  his 
logic  and  eloquence.  He  also  en 
tered  the  Legislature  of  Virginia, 
where  he  was  a  leader.  President 
Washington  invited  him  to  become 
Attorney  General,  and  offered  him 
the  mission  to  France,  after  Mr. 
Monroe's  return,  both  of  which 
honors  he  declined.  President 
Adams  appointed  him  an  Envoy  to 
France,  with  Pickering  and  Gerry, 
but  they  were  not  accredited,  and 
he  returned  to  the  United  States 
in  1798.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress  in  1799;  in  1800  he 
was  appointed  Secretary  of  War  ; 
soon  afterwards  Secretary  of  State ; 


316 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


and  January  31,  1801,  upon  the 
nomination  of  President  Adams, 
was  confirmed  as  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States.  He  wrote  a  "  Life  of  George 
Washington,"  and  a  "  History  of 
the  American  Colonies."  He  died 
in  Philadelphia,  July  6,  1835.  As 
a  judge  he  was  the  most  illustrious 
in  America,  and  for  his  public  ser 
vices  was  ranked  by  many  with 
Washington.  He  was  the  object 
of  universal  affection,  respect,  and 
confidence,  and  in  every  particular 
one  of  the  greatest  and  best  of  men. 

MARSHALL,  S.  S. 

He  was  born  in  Illinois,  edu 
cated  at  Cumberland  College,  Ken 
tucky;  studied  law,  and  devoted 
himself  to  its  practice  in  his  native 
State ;  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  in  1846  ;  by  the  Legis 
lature  he  was  elected  State  Attor 
ney,  serving  two  years  ;  in  1851  he 
was  elected  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court,  in  which  position  he  re 
mained  until  1854;  and  having 
been  elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress,  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fifth,  and  is  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Claims. 

MARSHALL,  THOMAS  A. 

He  was  born  near  Versailles, 
Kentucky,  January  15,  1194;  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1815  ; 
studied  law,  and  entered  upon  the 
practice  in  1816;  and  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1831  to  1835.  He 
has  been  a  Judge  and  Chief  Justice 


of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Kentucky 
for  about  twenty  years  ;  and  is  a 
Professor  of  Law  in  the  Transyl 
vania  College. 

MARSHALL,  THOMAS  F. 

He  was  a  native  of  Kentucky  ; 
Judge  of  the  Louisville  Circuit 
Court,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1841  to 
1843. 

MARTIN,  ALEXANDER. 

Born  in  Guilford  County,  North 
Carolina,  and  died  in  November, 
1807.  lie  was  educated  at  Prince 
ton  College,  and  devoted  much  at 
tention  to  the  pursuits  of  literature. 
lie  was  a  member  of  the  Colonial 
Assembly,  and  colonel  of  a  regi 
ment  in  the  Continental  line,  having 
been  at  the  battles  of  Brandywine 
and  Germantown.  He  was  subse 
quently  in  the  State  Senate,  and 
was  elected  Speaker ;  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  North  Carolina  in  1 7  82, 
and  again  in  1789,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  which  framed 
the  Constitution  of  tbe  United 
States.  From  1793  to  1799  he 
was  United  States  Senator,  also 
President  of  the  Senate.  In  1793 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  was 
conferred  on  him  by  Princeton  Col 
lege,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  a  Trustee  of  the  University 
of  North  Carolina. 

MARTIN,  BARCLAY. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1845  to 
1847. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


117 


MARTIN,  FREDERICK  S. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

MARTIN,  JOHN  P. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
press,  from  Kentucky,  from   1845 
to  1S47. 

MARTIN,  JOSHUA  L. 

He  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  Alabama,  from  1835  to  1839, 
and  from  1845  to  1847  Governor 
of  that  State.  He  died  at  Tusca- 
loosa,  November  2,  1856. 

MARTIN,  MORGAN  L. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from 
the  Territory  of  Wisconsin,  from 
1845  to  1847. 

MARTIN,  ROBERT  N. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1825 
to  1827. 

MARTIN,  WILLIAM  D. 

He  was  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  South  Caroli 
na,  from  1827  to  1833.  Hewasdis- 
tinguished  for  his  talents  and  public 
usefulness.  He  retired  to  bed  slight 
ly  indisposed,  and  was  found  dead 
in  the  morning.  lie  died  at  Charles 
ton,  November  17, 1833,  aged  forty- 
five  years. 


MARTINDALE,  HENRY  C. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1823  to  1831,  and  again  from 
1833  to  1835. 


MARVIN,   DUDLEY. 

Was  a  native  of  Lyme,  Connecti 
cut,  from  which  place  he  removed 
to  Canandaigna,  New  York,  in  1807. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  in 
1811,  and  goon  attained  eminence 
in  his  profession.  He  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress,  from  1823 
to  182'.).  In  1844  he  removed  to 
Ripley,  Chautauque  County,  and 
was  again  elected  to  Congress,  serv 
ing  from  1847  to  1849.  He  died 
at  Ripley,  New  York,  June  25, 
1852,  aged  sixty-five  years. 

MARVIN,  RICHARD  P. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  served 
in  the  Assembly  of  that  State,  from 
Chautauque  County,  in  1836,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1837  to 
1841. 

MASON,  ARMISTED  C. 

Born  in  Loudoun  County,  Virgi 
nia,  in  1785,  and  educated  at  Wil 
liam  and  Mary  College;  was  a. 
farmer  by  occupation,  and  a  colonel 
in  the  war  of  1812;  and  United 
States  Senator,  from  1815  to  1817. 
He  fell  in  the  memorable  duel  with 
Colonel  McCarty,  February  6, 1819. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


MASON,  JAMES  B. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Rhode  Island,  from  1815 
to  1819. 

MASON,  JAMES  M. 

Born  on  Analoston  Island,  Fair 
fax  County,  Yirginia,  November  3, 
1798.  He  received  a  good  educa 
tion,  and  graduated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Pennsylvania  in  1818  ;  he 
studied  law  at  the  College  of  Wil 
liam  and  Mary,  and  obtained  a  li 
cence  to  practice  in  1820;  in  1826 
he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  De 
legates,  and  twice  re-elected;  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1837  to  1839;  in  1847  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  in 
the  place  of  Senator  Pennybacker, 
and  re-elected  in  1849,  in  which 
position  he  still  continues,  having 
for  several  sessions  been  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Rela 
tions. 

MASON,  JEREMIAH. 

Born  at  Lebanon,  Connecticut, 
April  27,  1768,  and  died  at  Boston, 
November  14,  1848.  Destined  for 
professional  life,  he  entered  Yale 
College,  and  after  graduating  in 
1788,  entered  upon  the  study  of  law, 
and  acquired  the  reputation  of  be 
ing  profoundly  learned  in  common 
law.  He  went  to  Yermont,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  that 
State,  but  subsequently  removed  to 
Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  where 
he  became  the  friend  of  Daniel 
Webster,  who  always  spoke  of  him 
in  extravagant  terms  of  praise.  In 


i  1802  he  was  appointed  Attorney  - 
i  General  of  the  State,  and  from  1813 
to  1817,  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
having  resigned  for  the  purpose  of 
devoting  himself  to  his  profession. 
He  removed  to  Boston  in  1832, 
and  on  reaching  the  age  of  seventy 
he  left  the  bar,  though  he  was  con 
sulted  as  chamber-counsel  to  the 
close  of  his  life. 

MASON,  JOHN  C. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
elected  a  Representative,  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
and  is  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Accounts. 

MASON,  JOHN  THOMPSON. 

Born  at  Montpelier,  Washington 
County,  Maryland,  in  May,  1815; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1836  ;  read  law  in  Hagerstown,  and 
was  admmitted  to  practice  in  1838  ; 
the  same  year  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  of  Maryland,  and 
re-elected  in  1839.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1841 
to  1843,  being  at  that  time  the 
youngest  man  in  Congress.  In 
1851  he  was  elected  by  the  people, 
under  the  new  Constitution  of  the 
State,  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Ap 
peals,  which  position  he  filled  till 
1857,  when  he  resigned,  and  was 
appointed  Collector  of  the  port  of 
Baltimore. 

MASON,  JOHN  Y. 

He  was  born  in  Yirginia;  gra 
duated  at  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  in  1816,  from  which  in- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


319 


stitution  he  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.;  adopted  the  profession  of  , 
law,  and  was  a  Judge  of  the  Dis-  ; 
trict  Court  of  Virginia ;  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Virginia,  from  1831  to  1837 ;  a 
member  of  President  Tyler's  cal'i- 
net,  as  Secretary  of  the  Navy ;  a 
member  of  President  Polk's  cabi 
net,  first  as  Attorney-General,  and 
secondly,  as  Secretary  of  the  Navy  ; 
and  was  appointed,  by  President 
Pierce,  Minister  to  France,  in  which 
position  he  was  continued  by  Pre 
sident  Buchanan. 

MASON,  JONATHAN. 

He  was  born  in  1757  ;  graduated 
at  Princeton  College  in  1774;  and 
died  at  Boston,  November  1,  1831. 
He  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1800  to  1803;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1817  to  1820. 

MASON,  MOSES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1834  to 
1837. 

MASON,  SAMSON. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1835  to  1843. 

MASON,  STEVENS  THOMSON. 
Born  in  Chapawansick,  Stafford 
County,  Arirginia,  in  1760;  educated 
at  William  and  Mary  College ;  he 
was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and  an 
officer  in  the  revolutionary  war,  at 
taining  to  the  rank  of  general ;  was 
a  member  of  the  Virginia  House  of 


Burgesses;  and  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  from  1794  to  1803; 
also  a  member  of  the  Convention 
to  form  the  Constitution  of  Vir 
ginia,  and  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lature.  He  died  in  1803. 

MASON,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut ; 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  New 
York,  from  Chenango  County,  from 
1820  to  1822;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1835  to  1837. 

MASTERS,  JOSIAH, 

Born  in  Woodbury,  Connecticut, 
October  22,  1763;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1784,  soon  after 
which  he  removed  to  Schaghticoke, 
Rensselaer  County,  New  York, 
which  was  thereafter  his  place  of 
residence.  He  was  a  prominent 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1792,  1800,  and  1801,  when  he  was 
appointed  Associate  Judge  of  Rens 
selaer  County;  and  from  1805  to 
1809  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress.  In  1808  he  was  chosen  First 
Judge  of  the  County  Court  of  Com 
mon  Pleas,  which  office  he  held 
until  his  death.  He  was  a  zealous 
supporter  of  the  general  measures 
against  Great  Britain  during  the 
war  of  1812,  yet  he  opposed  with 
great  earnestness,  in  several  able 
speeches,  the  embargo,  non-inter 
course,  and  other  commercial  restric 
tions.  He  numbered  among  his 
personal  friends  such  patriots  as 
Jefferson, Randolph,  Madison,  Clay, 
etc.,  and  was  a  co-operator  and  ad- 


320 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


viser  of  De  Witt  Clinton  in  the  sys 
tem  of  internal  improvements,  which 
gave  to  New  York  the  rank  of  the 
Empire  State.  He  died  June  30, 
1822. 

MATIIEWS,  GEORGE. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia,  from  1789  to 
1791. 

MATHEWS,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1841  to  1845. 

MATHEWS,  VINCENT. 

Born  in  Orange  County,  New 
York,  June  29,  1766.  He  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1790  ;  and  fixing  his  residence  near 
Elmira,  Tioga  County,  was  elected 
a  State  Representative  in  1793,  and 
in  1796  chosen  a  State  Senator.  In 
1798  he  was  elected  a  commissioner 
to  settle  certain  claims  for  bounty 
land;  and  from  1809  to  1811  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress. 
In  1812  he  was  appointed  District 
Attorney  for  a  number  of  the  coun 
ties  in  Western  New  York  ;  and  in 
1816  he  removed  from  Elmira  to 
Bath,  and  thence  to  Rochester,  pur 
suing  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
in  different  places,  for  no  less  a 
period  than  fifty-six  years.  Toward 
the  close  of  his  life  he  served  a  se 
cond  time  in  the  Assembly  of  the 
State,  and  was  District  Attorney 
for  Monroe  County.  The  College 
of  Geneva  conferred  upon  him  the 


degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  when  he 
was  nearly  seventy-five  years  old; 
and  he  died  at  Rochester,  August 
23,  1846. 

MATHEWSON,  ELISHA. 

He  was  at  different  periods  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
Rhode  Island ;  once  a  Speaker  of 
the  House  ;  and  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1807 
to  1811.  He  died  at  Scituate, 
Rhode  Island,  October  14,  1853. 

MATIIIOT,  JOSHUA. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 

MATLACK,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1821 
to  1825,  and  died  at  Woodbury,  in 
that  State,  January  15,  1840. 

MATSON,   AARON. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1821  to  1825. 

MATTESON,  ORASMUS  B. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
having  been  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  Congress,  from  that  State, 
in  1849,  has  continued  in  the  same 
position  to  the  present  time. 

MATTHEWS,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1797  to 
1799. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


MATTOCKS,  JOHN. 
Born  in  1770,  and  was  a  resident 
of  Peacham,  Vermont ;  he  was  for 
many  years  distinguished  as  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer ;  had  held  various 
public  trusts,  being  for  two  years 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Vermont ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1821  to  1825,  and 
from  1841  to  1843;  also,  Governor 
of  the  State  one  year,  declining  a 
re-election  to  that  office.  He  died 
at  Peachara,  Vermont,  August  14, 
1847. 

MATTOON,  EBENEZER. 

Born  in  Amherst,  Massachusetts ; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College 
in  177fi ;  he  was  a  major  in  the  war 
of  1812,  and  sheriff  of  Hampshire, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  from  1800  to 
1803;  and  in  1816, adjutant-general 
of  militia.  He  died  in  Amherst, 
September  11,  1843,  aged  eighty- 
eight  years. 

MAURICE,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

MAURY,  ABRAHAM  P. 
A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1835  to  1839 ; 
died  at  his  residence,  in  William 
son  County,  Tennessee,  July  22, 
1848. 

MAXWELL,  AUGUSTUS  E. 

Born  in  Elberton,  Georgia,  Sep 
tember    21,    1820;    received    the 
benefit  of  country  schools  in  Ala- 
21 


bama,  and  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia  ;  studied  law  ; 
removing  to  Florida,  was  elected 
in  1847  to  the  Assembly  of  that 
State;  was  Secretary  of  State  in 
|  1848;  a  State  Senator  in  1849; 
was  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
1853  to  1857,  refusing  a  re-nomi 
nation,  and  in  1857  was  appointed, 
by  President  Buchanan,  Navy  Agent 
at  Pensacola,  Florida,  in  which 
position  he  still  continues. 

MAXWELL,  GEORGE  C. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1811 
to  1813. 

MAXWELL,   J.  P.  B. 

Born  in  New  Jersey  in  1805; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1823;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1827 ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1837  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841 
to  1843.  He  died  at  Belvidere,  New 
Jersey,  November  14,  1845. 

MAXWELL,  LEWIS. 

He  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1827  to  1833. 

MAXWELL,   THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1829 
to  1831. 

MAY,  HENRY. 

He  was  born  in  the  District  of 
Columbia ;  received  a  liberal  edu- 


322 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


cation ;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Maryland,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

MAY,  WILLIAM  L. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1835  to  1839. 

MAYALL,   SAMUEL. 

lie  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

MAYNARD,  HORACE. 

He  was  born  in  Westborough, 
Massachusetts,  August  30,  1814; 
graduated  at  Amherst  College  in 
1833,  and  soon  afterwards  emigrated 
to  Tennessee.  He  entered  the 
University  of  East  Tennessee  as  a 
tutor,  and  subsequently  received  the 
appointment  of  Professor  of  Ma 
thematics  in  that  institution  ;  during 
that  period  he  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1844.  He 
acquired  an  extensive  practice  in 
his  profession ;  held  a  number  of 
local  offices  in  his  adopted  State  ; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  Tennessee,  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress.  During  the  first  session 
of  that  Congress  he  was  Chairman 
of  the  Special  Committee  to  inves 
tigate  the  accounts  of  William 
Cull  urn,  late  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  and  is  at  the 
present  time  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Claims. 


MAYNAED,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  resident  of  Western 
New  York,  and  graduated  at  Union 
College  in  1810;  he  studied  law 
and  commenced  to  practice  at  Se 
neca  Falls,  and  then  removed  to 
Auburn.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1827  to  1829,  and  gave  a  zealous 
support  to  the  Administration  of 
Mr.  Adams ;  he  was  subsequently 
a  member  of  the  New  York  Senate 
for  four  years,  and  again  from  1841 
to  1843  a  member  of  Congress ;  he 
was  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  New  York,  and  from  January, 
1850,  a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Ap 
peals.  He  died  in  Auburn,  New 
York,  March  24,  1850. 

MAYRANT,  AVILLIAM. 

He  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  during  the 
years  1815  and  1816. 

McARTHUR,  DUNCAN. 

He  was  born  in  Dutchess  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  in  1112.  When  he 
was  eight  years  of  age  he  removed 
with  his  father  to  Pennsylvania, 
and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  he  volun 
teered  in  defence  of  the  frontier 
|  settlements  of  Ohio,  against  the 
Indians.  He  studied  surveying, 
and  acquired  great  wealth  in  the 
business  of  buying  and  selling  lands, 
in  addition  to  surveying  them.  In 
1805  he  was  a  member  of  the  Le 
gislature,  and  in  1806  was  appoint 
ed  colonel,  and  in  1808  major-ge 
neral  of  the  State  militia.  He 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


323 


performed  valuable  services  during 
the  war  of  1812;  in  IS  15  was  again 
a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and  in 
181 G  was  appointed  Commissioner 
to  conclude  treaties  with  the  In 
dians ;  from  1817  to  1819  was  in 
the  Legislature,  and  Speaker  of  the 
House  in  1817.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1823  to  1825,  and  in  1830 
was  chosen  Governor  of  the  State, 
which  position  he  held  until  1833, 
and  while  iu  that  service  met  with 
an  accident,  from  the  effects  of 
which  he  never  recovered. 

McBRYDE,  ARCHIBALD. 

Born  in  Moore  County,  North 
Carolina,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1809  to  1813,  and  subsequently  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate  for 
two  years. 

MCCARTY,  ANDREW  z. 

lie  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1855  to 
1857.  He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  New  York  Assembly  in  1848. 

MCCARTY,  JONATHAN. 

"Was  a  native  of  Tennessee,  but 
removed,  with  his  father,  at  an 
early  age  to  Indiana.  He  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits,  and  was  for 
a  time  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  or 
County  Court,  at  Connersville.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Indiana,  from  1831  to  1837. 
He  left  Indiana  for  Iowa,  where  he 
died  about  four  years  since. 


MCCARTY,  RICHARD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1821 
to  1823. 

MCCARTY,  WILLIAM  M. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1840  to 
1841. 

McCAUSLEN,  WILLIAM   C. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

McLEAN,  MOSES. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847. 

McCLELLAN,   ABRAHAM, 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1843. 

McCLELLAN,  ROBERT. 

He  was  at  one  time  Treasurer  for 
the  State  of  New  York  ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1837  to  1839,  and  again 
from  1841  to  1843. 

MCCLELLAND,  ROBERT. 

Born  in  Franklin  County,  Penn 
sylvania.  He  graduated  at  Dickin 
son  College  ;  practiced  law  for  a 
year  or  so  in  Pittsburg,  and  in  1833 
removed  to  Michigan,  and  esta 
blished  himself  at  Monroe.  He 
served  for  several  years  in  the  Le 
gislature  of  that  State  ;  and  was  a 


324 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1843  to  1849.  He  was  twice 
elected  Governor  of  Michigan,  in 
1851  and  1852  ;  and  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  Depart 
ment,  by  President  Pierce,  the  ar 
duous  duties  of  which  position  he 
performed  with  fidelity  and  ability. 

McCLENACHAN,  BLAIR. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  17  91 
to  1799. 

McCLERNAND,  JOHN  A. 

Born  in  Breckenridge  County, 
Kentucky,  May  30,  1812;  brought 
up  at  Shawneetown,  Illinois,  and 
had  only  the  advantages  of  a  com 
mon  school  education.  He  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1832,  and  served  as  a  private,  but 
with  credit,  in  the  Black  Hawk 
war.  He  established  the  first  De 
mocratic  press  in  Shawneetown, 
and  edited  his  paper  and  practiced 
law  until  1843,  when  he  was  elected 
to  Congress,  and  served  as  a  Re 
presentative  until  1851.  He  had 
also,  before  going  to  Congress,  been 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature. 

McCOMAS,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1837, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Manufactures. 

McCONNELL,  FELIX  G. 

"Was  a  native  of  Lincoln  County, 
Tennessee,  but  removed  in  1824  to 


Talladega  County,  Alabama.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1847. 
He  died,  by  his  own  hand,  in 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
September,  1846,  aged  thirty-six. 

McCORD,  ANDREW. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Xew 
York  Assembly,  during  the  years 
1800,  1801,  1802,  and  1807,  part 
of  the  time  Speaker ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1803  to  1805. 

McCORKLE,  JOSEPH  W. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
California,  from  1851  to  1853. 

McCOY,  ROBERT. 

He  resided  at  one  time  in  Carl 
isle,  Pennsylvania,  and  held  several 
public  positions  in  that  State,  such 
as  brigadier-general  of  militia,  and 
canal  commissioner.  He  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1831  to  1833,  and  died 
at  Wheeling,  Virginia,  June  7, 
1849. 

McCOY,   WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Augusta  County, 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1811  to  1833. 

McCRATE,  JOHN  D. 

He  graduated  at  Bowdoin  Col 
lege  in  1819,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Maine,  from 
1845  to  1847. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


325 


McCREARY,  JOHN. 

lie  was  born  in  Chester  County, 
South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  1821. 

McCREARY,   WILLIAM. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1803  to 
1809. 

McCIlEEDY,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1829 
to  1831. 

McCULLOCH,  GEORGE. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1840  to  1841. 

McCULLOCH,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

McCULLOCH,  THOMAS  G. 

He  was  born  in  Franklin  County, 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State,  ! 
from  1820  to  1822. 

MCDONALD,  JOSEPH  E. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 

MCDONALD,  MOSES. 

Born  in  Limerick,  York  County, 
Maine,  April  8,  1815.     Practiced  : 
law  from  1837  to  1845;  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Maine   Legislature 


in  1841  and  1842.  In  1845  was 
Speaker  of  the  House.  In  1847, 
1848,  and  1849,  served  as  Treasure r 
of  the  State  ;  represented  the  First 
Congressional  District  in  the  Thir 
ty-second  and  Thirty-third  Con 
gresses;  and  in  April,  1857,  was 
appointed,  by  President  Buchanan, 
Collector  for  the  District  of  Port 
land  and  Falmouth. 

McDOUGAL,  JAMES  A. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
on  emigrating  to  California,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1853  to  1855. 

MCDOWELL,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Rockbridge 
County,  Virginia,  in  1796,  and  gra 
duated  at  Princeton  College  in 
181G.  He  was  Governor  of  Virgi 
nia  from  1842  to  1845,  and  from 
1845  to  1851  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  the  Eleventh 
Congressional  District  of  Virginia. 
In  1846  his  Alma  Mater  conferred 
on  him  the  degree  of  LL.D.  He 
was  an  eloquent  speaker,  an  upright 
man,  and  a  true  patriot.  He  died 
near  Lexington,  Virginia,  August 
24,  1851. 

MCDOWELL,  JOSEPH. 

Born  in  Winchester,  Virginia, 
and  emigrated  with  his  father  to 
North  Carolina,  where  he  took  an 
active  part  in  the  military  operations 
of  the  time,  and  was  at  the  battle  of 
King's  Mountain.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
from  1782  to  1788,  and  a  Repre- 


326 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


sentative  in  Congress,  from  1793  to 
IT 95,  and  again  from  1797  to  1799. 

MCDOWELL,  JOSEPH  j. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  on  removing  to  Kentucky  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 

1847. 

McDUFFIE,  GEORGE. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina  ; 
graduated  at  the  South  Carolina 
College  in  1813  ;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law  ;  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  State  Legislature  ;  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  in  1821, 
and  served  until  1835,  when  he  was 
chosen  Governor  of  the  State.  In 
1843  he  was  elected  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  but  was  compelled 
by  ill  health  to  resign  that  station 
before  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
office.  His  ill  health  was  partly 
the  result  of  a  duel  which  he  fought 
in  Augusta,  Georgia,  with  Colonel 
Gumming,  in  which  he  was  wounded. 
He  was  a  co-worker  and  friend  of 
Calhoun  and  Hayne,  and  an  elo 
quent  defender  of  the  peculiar  insti 
tutions  of  the  South.  He  died  in' 
Sumpter  District,  South  Carolina, 
March  11,  1851. 

McFARLAN,  DUNCAN. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  North  Carolina,  from  1805  to 
1807,  and  subsequently  a  member 
of  the  State  Senate  for  three  years. 


McGAUGHEY,  EDWARD  W. 

He  was  born  in  Indiana,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1845  to  1847,  and 
for  another  term  ending  in  1851. 

McHATTON,  ROBERT. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
;  gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1826  to 
1829. 

McHENRY,  JOHN  H. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1847. 

McILVANE,  ABRAHAM  R. 

Born  at  Crum  Creek,  Delaware, 
August  14,  1804.  He  was  bred  a 
farmer,  in  which  pursuit  he  was 
eminently  successful,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1843  to  1849. 

McILVANE,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey ; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1818  ;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1823 
to  182G,  and  died  August  18,  1826. 

McINTYRE,  RUFUS. 

Born  in  York,  County  of  York, 
Maine,  December  19, 1784 ;  received 
a  common  school  education,  and  by 
teaching  for  two  or  three  years,  ac 
quired  the  means  to  fit  himself  for 
college  at  South  Berwick  Academy, 
and  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in 
1809.  He  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice  in  1812.  In  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


327 


mean  time  war  was  declared,  and 
he  was  appointed  captain  of  militia, 
and  remained  in  service  on  the  fron 
tier  until  peace  was  declared,  after 
which  he  returned  to  the  practice 
of  his  profession  at  York.  He  re 
presented  that  town  in  the  Bruns 
wick  Convention ;  and  after  the  | 
separation  from  Massachusetts,  he 
was  a  Representative  in  the  Legis-  1 
lature  at  its  first  session  ;  he  was 
then  appointed  County  Attorney, 
which  office  he  held  till  elected 
to  Congress  as  Representative  of 
Maine,  serving  from  1826  to  1835. 
In  1826  he  was  a  Commissioner  for 
settling  the  boundary  line  of  his 
State,  and  in  1836  was  a  member 
of  the  Legislature,  and  was  ap 
pointed  Land  Agent  for  two  years, 
in  1839.  He  was  subsequently 
United  States  Marshal  for  Maine, 
and  Surveyor  of  the  port  of  Port- 
hind  four  years.  He  has  been  con 
nected  with  two  or  three  academies 
as  overseer,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Overseers  of  Bowdoin  Col 
lege.  He  is  now  devoted  to  agri 
culture. 

McKAY,  JAMES  J. 

Born  in  Bladen  County,  North 
Carolina,  in  1793.  He  was  bred  to 
the  law;  and  served  from  1815  to 
1831  in  the  State  Senate,  and  was 
at  one  time  United  States  District 
Attorney.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress  from  1831  to  1849, 
and  was  for  a  time  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  of  Ways  and  Means. 
At  the  Baltimore  Convention,  which 
nominated  Lewis  Cass  for  Presi 
dent,  he  received  the  vote  of  the 


North  Carolina  delegation  as  can 
didate  for  Vice-President.  He  died 
in  Qoldsborough,  North  Carolina, 
September  14,  1853. 

McKKAN,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  182.') 
to  1 829,  and  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  from  1834  to  1839.  He  died 
June  23,  1840,  in  McKean  County. 
He  was  a*mau  of  talent  and  influ 
ence. 

McKEE,  JOHN. 

He  was  at  one  time  a  Govern 
ment  Agent  among  the  Choctaw 
Indians,  also  a  Commissioner  for 
settling  the  boundary  line  of  Ten 
nessee,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1823  to  1829. 

McKEE,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1809  to 
1817. 

McKENNAN",  THOMAS  M.  T. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1831 
to  1839,  and  from  1841  to  1843, 
and  died  at  Reading,  July  9,  1852. 

McKEON,  JOHN, 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  educated  a  lawyer.  In  1832, 
1833,  and  1834,  he  served  in  the 
Legislature  of  New  York,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1835  to  1837,  and 
again  from  1841  to  1843.  He  has 
twice  been  appointed  United  States 


328 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


District  Attorney  for  the  Southern 
District  of  New  York. 

McKIBBIN,  JOSEPH  C. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  having  taken  up  his  residence 
in  California,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  that  State,  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Pub 
lic  Lands  and  on  Private  Land 
Claims. 

McKIM,  ISAAC. 

He  was  a  much  respected  and 
wealthy  merchant  of  Baltimore  ;  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1823  to  1825,  and  again 
from  1835  to  1838;  and  died  in 
Washington,  April  1,  1838. 

McKIMM,  ALEXANDER. 

Born  in  1148,  and  died  at  Bal 
timore,  January  18,  1832.  He  was 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1809  to  1815. 

McKINLEY,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Alabama,  from  1826  to  1831, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1833  to  1835,  and  died  in 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  July  19, 1852. 

McKINLEY,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1810  to 
1811. 

McKISSOCK,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Ulster  County, 
New  York,  in  1798.  He  received 


a  classical  education  ;  was  bred  first 
to  the  medical,  and  afterwards  to 
the  legal  profession ;  was,  under 
the  old  organization,  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York ; 
and  .a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1849  to  1851. 

McLANAHAN,  JAMES  X. 

He  was  born  in  Antrim,  Frank 
lin  County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1809  ; 
graduated  at  Dickinson  College  in 
1826  ;  he  studied  law,  and  settled 
in  Chambersburg ;  in  1841  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate ;  and 
in  1849  he  was  elected  to  Congress, 
and  re-elected  in  1851,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Judiciary.  He  is  now  living  in  re 
tirement. 

McLANE,  LOUIS. 

He  was  born  in  Smyrna,  Kent 
County,  Delaware,  May  28,  1784. 
When  twelve  years  of  age,  he  was 
appointed  a  midshipman  in  the 
navy,  on  leaving  which,  in  1801,  he 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1807;  in  1812  he  was  a 
volunteer  in  a  company  commanded 
by  Caesar  H.  Rodney,  and  marched 
to  the  relief  of  Baltimore  when 
threatened  by  the  British.  He  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Delaware,  from  1817  to  1827;  and 
was  chosen,  by  the  Legislature,  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1827  to 
1829;  was  appointed  in  1829,  by 
President  Jackson,  Minister  to  Eng 
land,  where  he  remained  two  years; 
and  in  1831  he  received  the  ap 
pointment  of  Secretary  of  the  Trea- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


329 


sury ;  and  in  1833,  that  of  Secretary 
of  State  under  President  Jackson. 
In  June,  1834,  he  retired  from  poli 
tical  life,  and  in  1837,  was  chosen 
President  of  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  Railroad  Company,  and  re 
moving  to  Maryland,  discharged 
the  duties  of  that  office  until  1847. 
During  the  administration  of  Pre 
sident  Polk,  he  accepted  the  mis 
sion  to  England  while  the  Oregon 
negotiations  were  pending;  after 
which  he  returned  to  Maryland, 
and  in  1850  represented  Cecil 
County  in  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention,  and  then  retired  to 
private  life.  He  held  a  high  rank 
as  a  statesman,  and  died  in  Balti 
more,  Maryland,  in  1857. 

McLANE,  ROBERT  M. 

Born  in  Delaware,  June  23,  1815; 
was  educated  at  "Washington  Col 
lege,  District  of  Columbia,  and  at 
St.  Mary's  College,  Baltimore ; 
went  to  Europe  with  his  father, 
Louis  McLane,  in  1829,  and  on 
his  return  entered  the  West  Point 
Academy,  which  he  left  in  1837 ; 
be  served  as  an  army  officer  in 
Florida,  the  Cherokee  Country,  and 
in  the  Northwest;  in  1843  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  of  Baltimore  ;  in 
1845  and  1846  was  elected  to  the 
Maryland  Legislature ;  and  from 
1847  to  1851  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Maryland.  In 
1853  he  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Pierce,  Minister  to  China,  and 
on  his  return  resumed  the  practice 
of  his  profession  in  Baltimore. 


McLEAN,  ALNEY. 

He  was  born  in  Burke  County, 
Xorth  Carolina,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Ken 
tucky,  from  1815  to  1817,  and  again 
from  1819  to  1821. 

McLEAN,  FINIS  E. 

lie  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 

McLEAN,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Morris  County,  New 
Jersey,  in  1785.  Four  years  after 
his  birth  his  father  emigrated  with 
his  family  to  Virginia,  whence  he 
removed  to  Kentucky,  and  linally 
settled  in  the  State  of  Ohio.  Here 
the  son  received  a  scanty  education ; 
and,  having  determined  to  pursue 
the  legal  profession,  he  engaged  at 
the  age  of  eighteen  to  write  in  the 
clerk's  office,  at  Cincinnati,  in  order 
to  maintain  himself,  by  devoting  a 
portion  of  his  time  to  that  labor, 
while  engaged  in  his  studies.  In 
1807  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
the  law  at  Lebanon,  Ohio.  In  1812 
he  became  a  cadidate  to  represent 
his  district  in  Congress,  and  was 
elected  by  a  large  majority,  lie 
professed  the  political  principles  of 
the  Democratic  party,  being  an  ar 
dent  supporter  of  the  war,  and  of 
President  Madison's  administration. 
In  1814  he  was  again  elected  to 
Congress  by  a  unanimous  vote,  a 
circumstance  of  rare  occurrence ; 
and  remained  a  member  of  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


House  o  f  Representatives  until 
1816,  when  the  Legislature  of  Ohio 
having  elected  him  a  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  he 
resigned  his  seat  in  Congress  at  the 
close  of  the  session.  He  remained 
six  years  upon  the  Supreme  bench 
of  Ohio.  In  1822  he  was  appointed 
Commissioner  of  the  General  Land- 
office  by  President  Monroe ;  and 
in  1823  he  became  Postmaster-Ge 
neral.  In  the  year  1829  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Jackson,  a 
Justice  of  the  United  States  Su 
preme  Court,  after  he  had  refused 
the  offer  of  the  War  and  Navy  De 
partments.  He  entered  upon  the 
discharge  of  his  duties  at  the  Janu 
ary  Term  of  1830,  and  is  still  the 
occupant  of  his  high  position. 

McLEAN,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Illinois,  during  the  years 
1818  and  1819;  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1824  to  1825,  and  again  from  1829 
to  1830,  having  died  on  the  fourth 
of  October  of  the  latter  year. 

McLEAN,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey, 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1823  to  1829,  and  died 
at  Cincinnati,  October  12,  1839. 

McLENE,  JEREMIAH. 

He  was  born  in  1767,  and  died 
in  Washington  City,  March  19, 
1837.  He  was  for  twenty-one  years 
Secretary  of  State  for  Ohio,  and  a 


a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1833  to  1837. 

McMANUS,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1825 

to  1827. 

McMULLEN,  FAYETTE. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1849  to  1855,  and 
in  May,  1857,  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Buchanan,  Governor 
of  the  Territory  of  Washington, 
which  office  he  continues  to  hold. 

McNAIR,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1855. 

McNIEL,  ARCHIBALD. 

Born  in  Moore  County,  North 
Carolina;  entered  the  House  of 
Commons  in  1808,  re-elected  in 
1809,  served  in  the  State  Senate  in 
1811  and  1815,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1821 
to  1823,  and  again  from  1825  to 
1827. 

MCQUEEN,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Robinson  Coun 
ty,  North  Carolina,  and  is  about 
fifty  years  of  age.  He  claims  de 
scent  in  a  direct  line  from  the  heroic 
!  Robert  Bruce,  of  Scotland,  and  his 
father,  James  McQueen,  was  a 
nephew  of  the  celebrated  Flora 
Macdonald.  He  received  a  good 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


education  under  the  guidance  of  an  | 
elder   brother,   Rev.   A.  Mi-Queen,  j 
who  was  a  graduate  of  the  Chapel  : 
Hill   University,    North    Carolina.  ; 
He  commenced  the  study  of  law  in  | 
his  native  State,  and  completed  his  ; 
course  of  study  in  South  Carolina, 
to  which  he  removed  at  an  early  . 
day.     He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1S2S,  and  having  settled  in  Marl-  i 
borough    District,   he    there   com-  , 
menced,  and  has  ever  since,  as  his 
public  calls  have   permitted,  con-  j 
tinned  the  practice  of  his  profession 
with  success.     During  the  Nullifi 
cation  times  of  1833,  he  was  elected 
a  colonel  of  the   State  militia,  in 

1834  a   brigadier-general,   and   in 

1835  a  major-general,   which   last 
position  he  held  for  ten  years,  and 
then  resigned.     He  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  in  8149, 
and  has  continued  an  active  mem 
ber  down  to  the  present  time,  serv 
ing,  under  successive  Speakers,  on 
several  of  the  prominent  commit 
tees.     He  has  been   re-elected   to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

McRAE,  JOHN'  J. 

He  was  born  in  "Wayne  County, 
Mississippi ;  received  a  good  edu 
cation  ;   adopted  the  profession  of 
law  ;  was  elected  frequently  to  the 
State  Legislature,  and  during  two 
sessions  officiated  as  Speaker;  was 
also  elected  to  the  State  Senate; 
was  Governor  of  Mississippi,  from  ; 
1844  to    1848;    was,  by  appoint-  i 
inent,  for  a  short  time  in  the  United  : 
States  Senate ;  and  was  elected  to 
the  second  session  of  the  Thirty- 


fifth  Congress,  from  Mississippi,  as 
the  successor  to  General  Quitraan. 

McREADY,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1819  to  1821. 

McROBERTS,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Illinois,  from  1841  to  the  time 
of  his  death,  which  occurred  March 
27,  1843,  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  aged 
about  forty  years. 

McSIIERRY,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania ; 
served  twenty  years  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  that  State  ;  was  a  delegate 
to  reform  the  Constitution  of  the 
same  ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1821  to  1823.  Died  at  Littlestown, 
Pennsylvania,  February  3,  1849. 

McVEAN,  CHARLES. 

Born  at  Johnstown,  New  York, 
in  1802,  and  died  in  the  City  of 
New  York,  December  20,  1848. 
He  was  bred  to  the  law,  which  he 
practiced  with  success  in  Mont 
gomery  County,  until  he  removed 
to  New  York.  He  held  the  office 
of  surrogate ;  served  as  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1833  to 
1835  ;  and  at  the  time  of  his  death 
was  District  Attorney  for  Southern 
New  York. 

McWILLIE,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina  ; 
graduated  at  the  South  Carolina 


332 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


College  ;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law  ;  was  a  Representative  and  Se 
nator  in  the  Legislature  of  South 
Carolina ;  and,  on  removing  to 
Mississippi,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1849  to  1851.  He  was 
also  President  of  a  bank  for  several 
years. 

MEACHAM,  JAMES. 

Born  in  Rutland,  Vermont,  in 
1810 ;  graduated  at  Midcllebury 
College  in  1822  ;  was  tutor  there  ; 
studied  theology  ;  was  settled  in 
New  Haven,  Vermont ;  was  called 
from  his  parish  to  the  Professorship 
of  Elocution  and  English  Litera 
ture  in  Middlebury  College,  when, 
in  1849,  he  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  and  twice  re- 
elected.  At  the  time  of  his  death, 
August  22,  1856,  he  was  a  member 
of  Congress,  and  a  Regent  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution. 

MEAD,  COWLES. 

He  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  in  1805, 
but  his  election  was  successfully 
contested  by  Thomas  Spalding ; 
and  in  1806  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Jefferson,  Secretary  of 
Mississippi  Territory. 

MEADE,  RICHARD  K. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia ;  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education ;  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  law  ;  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Virginia,  from  1847  to  1853  ; 
was  appointed,  by  President  Pierce, 


in  1853,  Charge"  d' Affaires  to  Sar 
dinia ;  and  in  1857  was  appointed, 
by  President  Buchanan,  Minister  to 
Brazil,  which  mission  he  continues 
to  fill. 

MEBANE,  ALEXANDER. 

Born  in  Hawfields,  Orange  Coun 
ty,  North  Carolina,  November  26, 
1767,  and  died  July  5,  1795.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Convention, 
in  1776,  that  met  to  form  the  State 
Constitution  ;  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  Legislature  ;  and  was 
in  Congress  during  the  years  1793 
and  1794.  He  was  distinguished 
for  his  sense,  integrity,  and  firmness. 

MEDILL,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  New  Castle 
County,  Delaware  ;  received  an  aca 
demical  education  ;  he  studied  law, 
and,  having  removed  to  Ohio,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  that  State  in 
1832 ;  he  was  soon  after  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature,  serving  a 
number  of  years,  and  was  twice 
elected  Speaker ;  he  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1843 ;  by  President  Polk,  he  was 
appointed  First-Assistant  Postmas 
ter-General,  and  subsequently  held 
the  office  of  Commissioner  of  In 
dian  Affairs ;  in  1850  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  called  to 
revise  the  State  Constitution,  and 
chosen  Chairman ;  in  1851  and 
1852  he  was  elected  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  Ohio  ;  in  1853  he  was 
elected  Governor  of  Ohio  ;  and,  by 
President  Buchanan,  was  appointed 
First  Comptroller  of  the  United 


B  I  0  «  R  A  P  n  I  C  A  L     S  K 


II  E  S. 


333 


States  Treasury,  which  position  he 
still  occupies. 

MEECII,  EZRA. 

He  was  born  in  New  London, 
Connecticut,  July  26,  1773  ;  was 
associated  in  early  life  with  John 
Jacob  Astor  in  the  fur  trade;  in 
1806  became  agent  of  the  North 
west  Fur  Company;  and  in  1809 
was  agent  for  supplying  the  British 
Government  with  spars  and  timber. 
Having  settled  in  Vermont,  he  was, 
in  1S22  and  1823,  elected  Chief 
Justice  of  Chittenden  County ;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Constitu 
tional  Conventions  of  1822  and 
1826.  He  was  elected,  in  1805 
and  1807,  to  the  State  Legislature, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1819  to 
1821,  and  again  from  1825  to  1827. 
During  the  latter  years  of  his  life 
he  was  devoted  to  agricultural  pur 
suits,  and  owned  one  farm,  kept  in 
a  high  state  of  cultivation,  which 
contained  three  thousand  acres,  and 
upon  which  have  been  seen  a  flock 
of  three  thousand  sheep  and  a  herd 
of  eight  hundred  oxen,  lie  was  re 
markable  for  his  intelligence  and 
hospitality,  and  not  less  so  for  his 
personal  appearance,  as  he  measured 
six  feet  five  inches  in  height,  and 
weighed  three  hundred  and  seventy 
pounds ;  and,  strange  as  it  may  seem, 
he  was  one  of  the  most  expert  trout 
fishers  in  the  county.  He  died  at 
Shelburne,  Vermont,  September  23, 
1856. 

MEIGS,  HENRY. 

Born  in  New  Haven,  Connecti 
cut,  October  28,  1782;  graduated 


at  Yale  College  in  1798;  educated  a 
lawyer,  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York  City,  from  1819  to  1821,  and 
for  many  years  past  has  been  an  ac 
tive  officer,  Recording  Secretary, 
and  Trustee  of  the  American  Insti 
tute  in  New  York.  It  is  said  of 
him,  as  something  remarkable,  that 
he  never  wore  an  overcoat,  never 
had  a  sore  throat  or  headache,  and 
though  seventy  years  of  age,  docs 
not  use  glasses. 

MEIGS,  RETURN  J. 

Was  a  native  of  Middletown, 
Connecticut;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1785,  and  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  lie  removed  to  Ohio, 
and  became  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State ;  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  1808  to  1810; 
and  was  Governor  of  the  State  from 
1810  to  1814.  He  was  appointed 
Postmaster-General  of  the  United 
States  in  1814,  and  held  the  office 
nine  years.  He  died  at  Marietta, 
March,  1825. 

MELLEN,  PRENTISS. 

Born  in  Sterling,  Massachusetts, 
October  11,  1764;  graduated  at 
Cambridge  in  1784;  studied  law, 
and  settled  at  Bridgewater ;  in  1792 
he  became  a  citizen  of  Biddeford, 
Maine,  and  in  1806  settled  at  Port 
land.  In  1817  he  wras  chosen  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts  ;  and  on  the  separation  of 
Maine,  in  1820,  he  resigned  his  seat 
in  the  Senate,  and  was  elected  the 
first  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 


334 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Court  of  Maine.  He  occupied  a 
high  position  as  a  lawyer  and  jurist, 
and  in  1834,  after  becoming  disqua 
lified  by  age  to  serve  as  judge,  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  law.  His 
decisions  may  be  found  In  the  first 
eleven  volumes  of  the  Maine  Re 
ports.  He  was  also  a  Trustee  of 
Bowdoiu  College  from  1817  to  1836, 
and  in  1823  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  that  institution.  He 
died  at  Portland,  December  31, 
1840. 

MENIFEE,  RICHARD  II. 

He  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  Kentucky,  from  1837  to  1839, 
and  died  at  Frankfort,  February  21, 
1841. 

MERCER,  CHARLES  FENTON. 

Born  in  Fredericksburg,  Virgi 
nia,  June  G,  1778;  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  1797.  .In  1798,  while 
a  student  of  law,  he  tendered  his 
services  to  General  Washington  for 
the  defence  of  the  country  against 
a  threatened  invasion  by  the  French, 
and  received  from  him  a  commission 
as  first-lieutenant  of  cavalry,  and 
soon  after  that  of  captain,  which  he 
declined,  not  intending  to  devote 
his  life  to  the  military  profession. 
In  1803,  after  spending  a  year  in 
Europe,  he  returned  and  practiced 
law.  From  1810  to  1817  he  was  a 
member  of  the  General  Assembly 
of  Virginia.  In  1811  he  was  again 
called  to  military  duty  by  the  General 
Government,  and  in  1813  was  ap 
pointed  aid  to  the  Governor,  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-gene 


ral  of  militia,  having  command  of 
the  forces  at  Norfolk.  In  1816,  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Fi 
nance,  in  the  Legislature,  he  devoted 
his  time  to  the  promotion  of  inter 
nal  improvements,  and  was  chief 
supporter  of  the  measure  for  the 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal,  and 
was  appointed  President  of  the  Ca 
nal  Company.  He  was  a  member 
of  Congress,  from  1817  to  1840.  In 
1853  he  visited  Europe  from  phi- 
lanthopic  motives,  at  his  own  ex 
pense,  and  used  his  efforts  for  the 
entire  abolition  of  the  African  slave- 
trade,  conferring  with  the  chief  ex 
ecutive  officers  of  most  of  the  king 
doms  of  Europe  on  the  subject.  He 
died  at  Howard,  near  Alexandria, 
Virginia,  May  4,  1858. 

MERCER,  JOHN  F. 

lie  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolu 
tion  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Old 
Congress,  in  1782;  was  a  member, 
from  Maryland,  of  the  Convention 
which  formed  the  Federal  Consti 
tution  ;  a  Representative  in  the 
New  Congress,  from  1792  to  1794  ; 
Governor  of  Maryland  from  1801 
to  1803;  and  died  at  Philadelphia, 
August  30, 1821,  in  the  sixty-fourth 
year  of  his  age. 

MERIWETIIER,  DAVID. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia,  from  1802  to 
1807,  and  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Jefferson,  in  1804,  a  Commis 
sioner  to  treat  with  the  Creek  In 
dians. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


335 


MEIUWETHER,  I.  A. 

He  was  born  in  Georgia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 

MERIWETIIER,   JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia  from  1825  to 
1827. 

MERRICK,  WILLIAM  D. 

lie  filled  several  prominent  posi 
tions  in  the  State  of  Maryland,  and 
served  in  the  United  States  Senate, 
from   1838  to   1845.     He  died  in 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  j 
February  5,  1857,  at  an  advanced  j 
age. 

MERRILL,  ORSAMUS  C. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1817  to 
1819. 

MEIUUWETHER,  DAVID. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Kentucky,  by  appointment, 
for  one  session,  in  1852,  and  was 
appointed,  by  President  Pierce, 
May  6,  1853,  Governor  of  the  Ter 
ritory  of  New  Mexico. 

MERWIN,  ORANGE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Connecticut,  from  1825 
to  1820. 

METCALF,  ARUNAII. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1811  to  1813,  and 


subsequently  served  four  years  in 
the  Assembly  of  New  York,  from 
Otsego  County. 

METCALF,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Fauquier  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  March  20, 1780.  When 
he  was  quite  young  his  parents  emi 
grated  to  Kentucky,  and  settled  in 
Fayette,  where  his  education  was 
restricted  to  the  advantages  of  a 
few  months'  attendance  at  a  coun 
try  school.  He  worked  at  the 
trade  of  a  mason,  but  employed  his 
leisure  hours  in  study,  and  soon 
developed  remarkable  intellectual 
abilities.  In  1809  he  first  appeared 
as  a  public  speaker,  in  defence  of  his 
country  against  British  oppression  ; 
served  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  in 
1813  commanded  a  company  of  in 
fantry  at  the  battle  of  Fort  Meigs, 
and  greatly  distinguished  himself 
for  his  bravery.  He  was  subse 
quently  a  member  of  the  Kentucky 
Legislature,  for  several  years,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1819  to  1829,  when  he  was 
elected  Governor  of  Kentucky, 
which  office  he  held  until  1833.  In 
1834  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  and  in  1840  was  chosen 
President  of  the  Board  of  Internal 
Improvement.  In  1848  he  was 
appointed  to  fill  the  unexpired  term 
of  Mr.  Crittenden,  in  the  Senate  of 
the  United  States,  after  which  he 
retired  to  his  farm,  between  Mays- 
ville  and  Lexington.  He  boasted 
of  his  service  as  a  stone-mason,  and 
delighted  in  being  called  the  "  Old 
Stone  Hammer.  *'  He  died  in  Nich- 


O  Of? 

OOO 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


olas  County,  Kentucky,  August  18, 
1855. 

MIDDLETON,  HENRY. 

A  native  of  South  Carolina  ;  was 
chosen  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  in  1801 ;  then 
State  Senator  until  elected  Gover 
nor,  in  1810.  From  1815  to  1819 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  and  in  1820  was  appointed, 
by  President  Monroe,  Minister  to 
Russia,  which  position  he  filled  for 
many  years.  He  died  in  Charles 
ton,  South  Carolina,  June  14,  1846. 

MIDDLESWORTII,  NER. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
on  removing  to  Pennsylvania,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853 
to  1855. 

MILES,  W.  PORCHER. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  that 
State,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Commerce.  He  has 
been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

MILLEDGE,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Savannah,  Geor 
gia,  and  descended  from  one  of  the 
early  settlers  of  the  Colony.  He 
frequently  served  in  the  Legislature, 
and  in  1780  he  was  appointed 
Attorney-General  of  the  State,  and 
Governor  in  1802.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1792 
to  1802,  excepting  one  term,  and  a 


Senator  of  the  United  States,  from 
1806  to  1809.  He  was  the  princi 
pal  founder  of  the  University  of 
Georgia,  and  presented  the  land 
which  forms  its  site.  He  died  at 
his  country-seat,  at  the  Sand  Hills, 
February  9,  1818.  His  memory 
was  honored  by  an  Act  of  the  Le 
gislature,  calling  the  capital  of  the 
State  Milledgeville.  » 

MILLEN,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  1804,  educated 
a  lawyer,  served  in  the  Legislature 
of  Georgia,  and  died  near  Savan 
nah,  October  15,  1843,  about  ten 
days  after  his  election  to  a  seat  in 
the  National  House  of  Representa 
tives. 

MILLER,  DANIEL  H. 

He  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1823  to 
1831. 

MILLER,  DANIEL  T. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Iowa,  from  1850  to 

1851. 

MILLER,  JACOB  W. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  New  Jersey,  from  1841  to 
1847,  and,  having  been  re-elected, 
served  until  1853. 

MILLER,  JESSE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1836 
to  1837,  and  died  at  Harrisburg, 
August  20,  1850. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


MILLER,  JOHN. 

ITc  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1825 
to  1827,  having  previously,  as  well 
as  subsequently,  served  both  iu  the 
Assembly  and  Senate  of  New  York 
for  a  number  of  years. 

MILLER,  JOHN. 

He  was  distinguished  for  his  cou 
rage  as  an  officer,  in  the  last  war 
with  England  ;  soon  after  the  strug 
gle,  he  was  appointed  Register  of 
the  Land-office  in  Missouri ;  subse 
quently  elected  Governor  of  the 
State ;  and  he  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1837  to  1843. 
Died  near  Florissant,  Missouri, 
March  18,  1840. 

MILLER,  JOHN  G. 

Born  in  Kentucky,  and  in  1835 
emigrated  to  Missouri.  In  1840 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  from  1853  to  the  time  of 
his  death  he  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Missouri.  Died 
in  Saline  County,  Missouri,  May  11, 
1856,  aged  forty-four. 

MILLER,  JOHN  K. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1847  to  1851. 

MILLER,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  that  State,  j 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  Committees  on  Un-  I 
finished  Business  and  Expenditures  ' 
in  the  Navy  Department. 
22 


MILLER,   KILLIAN. 

Born  in  Claverack,  Columbia 
County,  New  York,  July  30,  1785; 
received  a  good  common  school  edu 
cation,  with  instruction  in  the  Latin 
and  Greek  languages.  He  studied 
law  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  1806 ;  from  that  time  to  the 
present  he  has  continued  to  pur 
sue  his  profession,  removing  from 
the  town  of  Livingston  to  Hud 
son  City  in  1833.  In  1824  and 
in  1827  he  was  a  member  of 
the  General  Assembly,  and  in 
1837  was  elected  County  Clerk, 
which  office  he  held  for  three  years. 
In  1854  he  was  chosen  a  Represen 
tative  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

MILLER,  MORRIS  S. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1813 
to  1815;  and  in  1819  was  appoint 
ed  a  Commissioner  to  superintend 
a  treaty  with  the  Seneca  Indians. 

MILLER,  PLEASANT  M. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1809  to 
1811. 

MILLER,  SMITH. 

He  is  a  native  of  North  Carolina, 
but  when  a  youth  removed  with 
his  father  to  Indiana.  His  school 
education  was  limited,  and  he  en 
gaged  in  farming  as  an  occupation. 
He  was  a  member  of  both  branches 
of  the  Legislature  of  Indiana,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1853  to  1855. 


338 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


MILLER,  STEPHEN  D. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina ; 
graduated  at  the  South  Carolina 
College  in  1808  ;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law ;  represented  his  na 
tive  State  in  the  Lower  House  of 
Congress  from  1817  to  1819;  was 
Governor  of  South  Carolina  from 
1828  to  1830;  and  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1831  to  1837.  He 
died  at  Raymond,  Mississippi, 
March  8,  1838. 

MILLER,  WILLIAM  S. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1845 
to  1847,  and  a  man  of  high  cultiva 
tion.  He  died  in  New  York  City, 
November  9,  1854. 

MILLIGAN,  JOHN  J. 
Born  in  Cecil  County,  Maryland, 
December  10, 1795;  after  receiving 
an  academical  education,  he  entered 
Princeton    College,    and   remained 
three  years ;  he  then  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted   to   practice   in 
New  Castle  County,  Delaware,  in 
1818,  and  pursued  his  profession  for 
several  years,  but  subsequently  re 
tired  to  a  country-seat  near  Wil 
mington.     In  1830  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  in  Congress,  and  served 
from   1831  to  1839.     In   1839  he 
was   appointed,   by  the  Governor, 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the 
State  of  Delaware,  and   has  con 
tinued  in  this  position  ever  since. 

MILLS,  ELIJAH  II. 
Born  in  1778;  graduated  at  Wil 
liams  College  in  1797 ;  studied  law; 


was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Massachusetts,  from  1815  to 
1819,  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  1820  to  1827.  He  died  at 
Northampton,  May  5,  1829. 

MILLSON,  JOHN  S. 

Born  in  Norfolk,  Virginia,  Octo 
ber  1,  1808,  and  commenced  the 
study  of  law  before  the  age  of  six 
teen  ;  he  held  no  public  office  until 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Vir 
ginia,  in  the  Thirty-first  Congress, 
which  position  he  has  filled,  by  re- 
elections,  to  the  present  time,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Com 
merce. 

MILLWARD,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1855 
to  1857. 

MILNOR,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
June  20, 1773 ;  he  received  his  edu 
cation  at  a  grammar  school  and  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
subsequently  studied  law.  In  1794 
he  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  before  he  was  twenty-one 
years  of  age.  From  1811  to  1813 
he  was  a  Representative,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  in  Congress.  In  1811  he 
was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  Gene 
ral  Convention  of  the  Episcopal 
Church,  and  in  1814  was  ordained 
a  clergyman  by  Bishop  White,  and 
in  1816  was  called  to  the  rectorship 
of  St.  George's  Church,  in  New 
York.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


of  the  New  York  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Institution,  and  after  spending  the 
evening  in  company  with  its  direc 
tors,  in  apparent  good  health,  died 
suddenly,  April  8,  1845. 

MILNOR,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1807 
to  1811,  from  1815  to  1817,  and 
again  from  1821  to  1822. 

MINER,  AHIMAN  L. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 

\va>  a  Kcprrsentative  in  <  'ongress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

MINER,  CHARLES. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1825 
to  1829.  He  is  the  author  of  a 
"History  of  Wyoming." 

MINER,  PHINEAS. 

He  was  an  eminent  lawyer,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Connecticut,  during  the  years  1834 
and  1835.  He  died  at  Litchfield, 
in  that  State,  September  16,  1839, 
aged  sixty  years. 

MITCHELL,  ANDERSON. 
Born  in  Caswell  County,  North 
Carolina,  in  1800.  He  graduated 
at  the  University  of  that  State  in 
1821 ;  studied  law,  and  settled  in 
Wilkes  County  in  1840,  when  he 
was  immediately  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature.  He  was  a  member  of 
Congress  in  1842  and  1843,  and 
since  that  time  has  devoted  all  his 
attention  to  his  profession. 


MITCHELL,  CHARLES  F. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1841. 

MITCHELL,  GEORGE  E. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1823  to 
1827,  and  again  from  1829  to  1832. 
He  died  in  Washington,  June  28, 
1832. 

MITCHELL,  HENRY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1833 
to  1835. 

MITCHELL,  JAMES  C. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1825 
to  1829. 

MITCHELL,  JAMES  S. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1821  to  1827. 

MITCHELL,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1825 
to  1829. 

MITCHELL,  NAHUM. 

Born  in  East  Bridgewater,  Mas 
sachusetts,  February  12,  1769; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1789;  taught  school,  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1792.  From  1811  to  1821  he  was 
Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of 
Common  Pleas,  and  afterwards 
Chief  Justice.  From  1798  to  1812 


340 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


he  was  a  Eepresentative  in  the 
General  Court :  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1803  to  1805. 
In  1813  and  1814  he  was  State 
Senator;  and  from  1814  to  1820 
he  was  one  of  the  Governor's  Coun 
cil  ;  and  from  1822  to  1827  he  was 
Treasurer  of  the  State.  In  1840 
he  published  a  history  of  Bridge- 
water,  Massachusetts  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
Society,  and  published  a  volume  of 
Sacred  Music,  entitled  the  "  Bridge- 
water  Collection."  He  fell  and 
died  suddenly  in  one  of  the  streets 
of  Plymouth,  August  1, 1853,  while 
attending  the  first  celebration  of 
the  embarkation  of  the  Pilgrims  at 
Delft  Haven. 

MITCHELL,  ROBERT. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1833  to  1835,  from  Ohio, 
of  which  State  he  was  a  native. 

MITCHELL,  SAMUEL  LATHAM. 

Born  on  Long  Island  in  1763, 
and  was  well  educated  ;  after  the 
close  of  the  war  he  went  to  Edin 
burgh  and  there  studied  medicine 
and  natural  history.  On  his  return 
he  was  appointed  Professor  of 
Chemistry  and  Natural  History  in 
Columbia  College  ;  and  his  prac 
tice  as  a  physician  was  extensive ; 
he  edited,  with  Dr.  Smith,  fourteen 
volumes  of  the  "  Medical  Reposi 
tory;"  he  also  published  a  life  of 
Tammany,  the  Indian  Chief,  and 
other  useful  works,  historical  and 
scientific.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 


from  1801  to  1804,  and  again  from 
1810  to  1813  ;  and  a  Senator  from 
1804  to  1809.  He  died  in  New 
York,  September  8,  1831. 

MITCHELL,  STEPHEN  M. 

He  was  born  at  Wethersfield, 
Connecticut,  December  20,  1743; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1763  ; 
was  chosen  a  tutor  in  the  College 
in  1766,  in  which  station  he  con 
tinued  three  years  ;  he  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  law  in  1772  ;  was 
appointed  in  1779  a  Judge  of  the 
Hartford  County  Court,  and  in 
1790  placed  at  the  head  of  that 
Court;  in  1795  he  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
Connecticut,  and  in  1807  Chief 
Justice  of  that  Court,  which  office 
he  held  until  1814,  when  he  became 
disqualified  by  age.  He  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  old  Congress,  in 
1783  and  1785;  and  in  1793  he 
was  appointed  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  which  position  he  held 
until  1795,  when  he  was  made 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court.  It 
was  to  his  services,  while  in  Con 
gress,  that  Connecticut  was  greatly 
indebted  for  the  establishment  of 
her  title  to  the  tract  of  land  in 
Ohio  called  the  "  Western  Re 
serve."  He  died  in  the  place  of 
his  birth,  September  30,  1835.  In 
him  were  combined  the  dignity  of 
the  Christian,  the  purity  of  the  pa 
triot,  and  the  virtues  of  the  faithful 
public  servant  and  useful  citizen. 

MITCHELL,  THOMAS  R. 
lie  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1802;  was  a  Represen- 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


341 


tative  in  Congress,  from  South 
Carolina,  from  1821  to  1823,  from 
1825  to  1829,  and  again  from  is:;  I 
to  1833;  he  died  iu  1837. 

MOFFIT,  HOSEA. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ; 
served  six  years  in  the  Legislature 
of  that  State;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1813  to 
1817. 

MOLONY,  RICHARD  S. 
He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Illinois,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

MOXELL,  ROBERT. 
lie  was  a  native  of  Columbia 
County,  New  York,  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  1821,  and 
again  from  1829  to  1831. 

MONROE,   JAMES. 

Born  April  28,  1758,  in  West 
moreland  County,  Virginia.  He 
was  educated  at  William  and  Mary 
College.  In  1776  he  joined  the 
army  in  the  revolutionary  war, 
and  continued  with  it  till  1788, 
having  displayed  great  bravery, 
when  he  retired  and  engaged  in  the 
study  of  law.  In  1780  he  held  the 
office  of  Military  Commissioner  for 
Virginia,  and  in  that  capacity 
visited  the  Southern  army.  In 
1782  he  was  a  member  of  the  Vir 
ginia  Assembly ;  and  in  1783  a 
Delegate  to  Congress.  In  1788 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion,  in  Virginia,  to  deliberate  on 


the  proposed  Constitution  for  the 
United  States.  In  1790  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  from  Virginia.  In  1794 
he  received  the  appointment  of 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  France, 
and  was  recalled  in  1797.  In  1799 
he  was  elected  Governor  of  Vir 
ginia.  In  1802  he  was  sent  on  a 
special  mission  to  France,  which 
resulted  in  the  purchase  of  Loui 
siana.  In  1803  he  was  appointed 
Minister  to  England  ;  and  in  1805 
he  was  associated  with  Charles 
Pinckney  to  negotiate  with  Spain. 
During  his  residence  in  England, 
he  and  Mr.  William  Pinckney  ne 
gotiated  a  commercial  treaty  with 
Great  Britain,  but  it  was  never  sub 
mitted  to  the  Senate,  by  President 
Jefterson.  He  returned  to  America 
in  1808.  In  1811  he  was  Governor 
of  Virginia,  and  the  same  year  re 
ceived,  from  President  Madison,  the 
appointment  of  Secretary  of  State, 
which  office  he  held  till  his  elec 
tion  as  President,  March  4,  1817. 
During  a  part  of  the  time,  in  1814 
and  1815,  he  also  performed  the 
duties  of  Secretary  of  War.  He 
was  again  elected  President  in  1821. 
He  died  July  4,  1831. 

MONROE,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
having  removed  to  New  York,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  serving  from 
1839  to  1841 ;  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Assembly  of  New  York  in  1850 
and  1852,  and  a  State  Senator  dur 
ing  the  three  subsequent  years. 


542 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


MONTANYA,  J.  L.  D. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  served 
two  years  in  the  Assembly  of  that 
State,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1839  to  1841. 

MONTGOMERY,  DANIEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1807 
to  1809. 

MONTGOMERY,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1807  to 
1811. 

MONTGOMERY,  JOHN  G. 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  Penn 
sylvania,  but  died  before  taking  his 
seat,  of  the  mysterious  National 
Hotel  disease,  at  Danville,  Pennsyl 
vania,  April  24,  1857,  aged  fifty- 
two  years.  He  was  an  excellent 
lawyer,  of  great  experience  and 
learning,  and  a  brilliant  career  was 
anticipated  for  him  in  the  arena  of 
national  politics. 

MONTGOMERY,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Nelson  County, 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Kentucky,  from 
1813  to  1815,  and  again  from  1821 
to  1823. 

MONTGOMERY,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1793 
to  1795. 


MONTGOMERY,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Guilford  County,  North 
Carolina,  and  was  educated  for  the 
medical  profession.  He  was  elected 
to  the  General  Assembly  in  1824, 
where  he  served,  with  but  one  inter 
mission,  until  1834,  when  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  and  continued  in  that  posi 
tion  until  1841.  He  died  November 
27,  1844,  aged  fifty-three  years. 


MONTGOMERY,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Canton  Township,  Penn 
sylvania,  April  11,  1819;  gradu 
ated  at  Washington  College,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  1839  ;  he  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842, 
and  he  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  in  185G,  and  still  con 
tinues  in  that  capacity,  serving  in 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  on  the 
Committee  on  Public  Lands.  He 
has  been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress. 

MOOR,  WYMAN  B.  S. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Maine,  from  1848  to  1849,  by 
appointment,  and  for  an  unexpired 
term. 

MOORE,  ANDREW. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1789  to 
1797,  and  again  from  1803  to  1804  ; 
when  he  was  chosen  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  and  served  until 
1809. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


MOORE,  ELI. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1S3") 
to  1839 

MOORE,  GABRIEL. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Alabama,  from  1822  to 
1829  ;  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1831  to  1837;  and  died  at  Caddo, 
Texas,  in  1844. 

MOORE,  HENRY  D. 

He  was  born  in  Goshen,  Orange 
County,  New  York,  April  17, 1817 ; 
received  his  education  at  one  of 
the  public  schools  of  New  York 
City;  when  sixteen  years  of  age, 
he  acquired  a  knowledge  of  the  tai 
loring  business,  which  he  followed 
until  1843;  in  that  year  he  removed 
to  Philadelphia,  and  became  in 
terested  in  the  marble  business ; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1849  to  1853. 

MOORE,  HERMAN  A. 

lie  was  born  in  Vermont,  in 
1810,  studied  law  in  Rochester, 
New  York,  and  removing  to  Co 
lumbus,  Ohio,  obtained  distinction 
as  a  lawyer,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1843  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Columbus,  April 
3,  1844. 

MOORE,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Louisiana,  from  1841  to 


MOORE,  JOHN. 

lie  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

MOORE,  NICHOLAS  R. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1803  to 
1811,  and  again  from  1813  to  181fi. 

MOORE,  OSCAR  P. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1855  to  1857. 

MOORE,  ROBERT. 

He  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1817  to  1821. 

MOORE,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Cumberland 
County,  New  Jersey,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1819  to  1822. 

MOORE,  S.  McD. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1833  to  1835. 

MOORE,  SYDENHAM. 

Born  in  Rutherford  County,  Ten 
nessee,  but  removed  to  Alabama 
with  his  parents,  soon  after  its  ad 
mission  as  a  State  ;  he  was  educa 
ted  at  the  University  of  Alabama ; 
was  bred  to  the  profession  of  the 
law;  was  Judge  of  the  County 
Court  of  Green  County,  Alabama, 
for  six  years,  and  for  a  short  time 


344 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


on  the  Circuit  Court  bench  of  that 
State  ;  resigned  his  judgeship,  and 
went  to  Mexico  as  captain  of  a  vol 
unteer  company,  and  served  one 
year,  a  portion  of  the  time  in  Gene 
ral  Taylor's  line  on  the  Rio  Grande, 
and  also  in  General  Scott's  line  at 
Tampico,  Yera  Cruz,  Alvarado, 
and  Jalapa ;  and,  on  his  return 
home,  was  elected  brigadier- gene 
ral  of  militia ;  and  was  chosen,  in 
1857,  a  member  of  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Claims. 

MOORE,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1801  to  1813,  and  again  from  1815 
to  1817. 

MOORE,  THOMAS  S. 

He  was  born  in  Jefferson  County, 
Virginia,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1820  to  1823. 

MOORE,  THOMAS  P. 

He  was  born  in  1795  ;  was  an 
officer  in  the  war  of  1812 ;  member 
of  Congress,  from  1823  to  1829, 
and  from  1833  to  1835;  Minister 
to  the  Republic  of  Colombia  in 
1829;  and  lieutenant-colonel  in 
the  regular  army  during  the  war 
with  Mexico.  He  died  in  Harrods- 
burg,  Kentucky,  July  21,  1853. 

MOREHEAD,  CHARLES  S. 
He  was  born  in  Nelson  County, 
Kentucky,  in  1802  ;  he  adopted  the 
profession  of  law,  and  after  practic 


ing  it  for  a  few  years  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  State  Legislature,  serving 
during  1828  and  1829  ;  he  was  ap 
pointed,  in  1832,  Attorney-General 
|  of  Kentucky,  which  office  he  held 
I  five  years;  in  1838, 1839,  and  1840, 
i  he  was  again  returned  to  the  Legis- 
|  lature,  officiating  during  the  latter 
I  year  as    Speaker ;    was   re-elected 
!  and  made  Speaker  in  1841 ;    was 
|  again  re-elected  in  1842  and  1844, 
and  for  the  third  time  chosen  Speak 
er  ;  and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,    from    Kentucky,    from 
1847  to  1851  ;  in  1853  he  was  once 
more  returned  to  the  Legislature ; 
and  in  1855  was  elected  Governor 
of  Kentucky,  which  position  he  still 
occupies.     He  was  for  many  years 
one  of  the  most  devoted  friends  and 
supporters  of  Henry  Clay. 

MOREHEAD,  JAMES  T. 

Born  in  Covington,  Kentucky, 
May  24,  1797  ;  studied  law  and 
entered  upon  the  practice  in  1818. 
He  served  three  years  in  the  State 
Legislature  ;  in  1832  he  was  elected 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Kentucky, 
and  after  the  death  of  Governor 
Breathitt,  in  1834,  became  Gover 
nor.  In  1837  he  was  again  elected 
to  the  Legislature  ;  and  in  1838  he 
was  appointed  President  of  the 
Board  of  Internal  Improvements, 
which  office  he  held  until  1841, 
when  he  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate  for  the  term  of  six 
years.  He  subsequently  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  and 
died  at  Covington,  Kentucky,  De 
cember  28,  1854. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


345 


MOREIIEAD,  I.  T. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  North  Carolina,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

MORGAN,  CHRISTOPHER. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1828, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  his  native  State,  from 
1839  to  1843. 

MORGAN,   DANIEL. 

Was  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  but 
removed  in  early  life  to  Virginia. 
Having  neither  the  advantages  of 
wealth,  nor  of  a  good  education,  he 
was  dependent  for  his  support  on 
hard  labor.  In  1755  he  served  as 
a  private  soldier  under  General  j 
Braddoek.  At  the  close  of  the  cam 
paign  he  retired  to  a  farm  in  Frede 
rick  County.  At  the  commencement 
of  the  Revolution  he  commanded  a 
troop  of  cavalry,  under  General 
Washington,  at  Boston.  He  was 
detached  on  the  expedition  against 
Quebec,  and  when  Arnold  was 
wounded  he  took  command  of  his  di 
vision  ;  but  the  retreat  of  the  other 
division,  after  the  fall  of  Montgo 
mery,  left  Morgan  to  contend  with  ! 
the  whole  force  of  the  enemy,  and 
he  was  taken  prisoner;  on  being 
exchanged  he  was  appointed  to  the 
command  of  a  regiment.  He  was 
with  General  Gates  at  the  capture  ; 
of  Burgoyne.  In  1778  he  com 
manded  a  corps  on  the  Schuylkill 
to  cut  off  supplies  from  the  British 
in  Philadelphia.  lie  served  in  the 


Southern  campaign,  under  General 
'{Jreene,  and  advanced  to  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general,  receiving  from 
Congress  a  gold  medal,  for  the  skill 
and  bravery  he  displayed  at  the  bat 
tle  of  Cowpens  in  the  defeat  of  Tarle- 
ton.  In  1794  he  commanded  the 
militia  of  Virginia,  ordered  out  by 
President  Washington,  for  the  pur 
pose  of  suppressing  the  Whisky  In 
surrection  in  Pennsylvania,  lie 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1795  to  1799.  In  1799  he 
published  an  address  to  his  consti 
tuents,  vindicating  the  administra 
tion  of  Air.  Adams.  He  died  at 
Winchester,  Virginia,  in  1802,  aged 
sixty-nine. 

MORGAN,  EDWIN  15. 

Born  at  Aurora,  Cayuga  County, 
New  York,  May  2,  1806.  He  was 
a  merchant  by  occupation,  until  his 
election  to  the  Thirty-third  Con 
gress  as  Representative ;  and  he 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  Committtee  on 
Public  Buildings  and  Grounds. 

MORGAN,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1811  to  1813. 

MORGAN,  JOHN  I. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  ;  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1821  to  1825;  and  again  in  the  As 
sembly  in  1836  and  1840. 


546 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


MORGAN,  WILLIAM  S. 

Born  in  Monongalia  County,  Vir 
ginia,  September  1,  1801.  He  was 
self-educated  ;  served  as  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Virgi 
nia,  from  1835  to  1839,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Re 
volutionary  Pensions,  and  declined 
a  re-election;  in  1840  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  clerk  in  the  House  of 
Representatives,  from  which  posi 
tion  he  was  transferred  to  the  Le 
gislature  of  Virginia,  and  declined 
a  re-election;  he  was  a  Democratic 
Elector  in  1843;  and  in  1845,  hav 
ing  injured  his  health  by  public 
speaking,  he  was  appointed  to  a 
clerkship  in  the  Treasury  Depart 
ment,  where  he  still  continues. 

MORRIL,  DAVID  L. 

Born  in  Epping,  New  Hampshire 
June  10,  1112,  and  died  February 
4, 1849.  He  attended  Exeter  Aca 
demy,  studied  medicine,  and  com 
menced  the  practice  at  Epsom  in 
1193.  He  also  studied  theology, 
and  was  ordained  a  pastor,  but  re 
signed  his  charge  in  1811,  and  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  medicine.  He 
was  a  Representative  to  the  Gene 
ral  Court,  and  in  1816  was  chosen 
to  the  United  States  Senate  for  six 
years.  He  subsequently  became  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate,  and  its 
President,  and  afterwards,  for  four 
successive  terms,  was  elected  Gover 
nor  of  New  Hampshire.  He  wrote 
and  published  many  occasional  dis 
courses  and  essays,  on  various  reli-  ! 
gious  and  secular  topics. 


MORRILL,  JUSTIN  S. 

He  was  born  in  Strafford,  Ver 
mont,  April  14,  1810;  received  an 
academical  education,  and  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits  until  the  year 
1848,  when  he  devoted  himself  to 
agriculture.  He  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Vermont,  in  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and  was  re- 
elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty- 
fifth  ;  he  was  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Sale  of  Fort  Snelling, 
and  serving  at  the  present  time  on 
the  Committee  on  Agriculture. 

MORRIS,  CALVARY. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1831  to  1844. 

MORRIS,  EDWARD  JOY. 

Born  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsyl 
vania,  July  15,  1811 ;  graduated  at 
Harvard  University;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives  of  Pennsylvania  in  1841, 
1842,  and  1843;  and  elected  to 
the  Twenty-ninth  Congress,  as  Re 
presentative  from  the  First  Con 
gressional  District ;  was  appointed 
United  States  Charge  d'Affaires  to 
Naples  in  1850,  where  he  remained 
four  years.  On  his  return  to  Phila 
delphia,  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Directors  of  Girard 
College.  In  1856  was  again  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  and  in  the 
fall  of  that  year  was  elected  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  for  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia.  As  an  author, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


347 


his  publications  arc,  "A  Tour 
through  Turkey,  Greece  and  Egypt, 
Arabia  Petnoa," etc.,  "The Turkish 
Empire,  Social  and  Political,"  "Af- 
raja,  or  Life  and  Love  in  Norway," 
(a  translation,)  and  also  a  transla 
tion  from  the  German  of  Gregozo- 
vius,  "Corsica,  Social  and  Politi 
cal,"  etc.  He  has  been  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

MORRIS,  GOUVERNEUR. 

Minister  from  the  United  States 
to  France,  and  an  eminent  American 
statesman  and  orator.  He  gradu 
ated  at  King's  College,  in  the  City 
of  New  York,  in  1768.  He  was 
bred  to  the  law,  and  attained  great 
celebrity  in  the  profession.  In  1775 
he  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Provincial 
Congress,  from  New  York ;  and 
was  employed  in  the  public  service 
in  various  capacities,  during  the  re 
volutionary  contest,  and  in  all  of 
them  displayed  great  zeal  and 
ability.  After  the  war  of  the  Re 
volution  he  retired  from  public 
life,  although  an  active  member 
of  the  Convention  which  formed 
the  present  Constitution  of  the 
United  States.  In  1792  he  was 
appointed  Minister  to  France,  and 
remained  in  that  capacity  till  Octo 
ber,  1794.  He  returned  to  America 
in  1798,  and  in  1800  was  chosen  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States,  from 
New  York.  He  died  in  1816,  aged 
sixty-four.  His  publications  were 
numerous ;  a  selection  from  his 
papers,  with  a  sketch  of  his  life,  have 
been  published  by  Jared  Sparks. 


MORRIS,   JOSEPH. 

Bora  in  Green  County,  Pennsyl 
vania,  October  16,  1795.  He  was 
left  an  orphan  at  the  age  of  ten 
years,  and  having  been  apprenticed 
to  the  trade  of  a  wheelwright,  he 
continued  to  follow  the  business 
until  he  was  twenty-five  years  old. 
In  1824  he  was  elected  sheriff  of 
his  native  county.  In  1829  he  re 
moved  to  Ohio,  and  devoted  himself 
to  merchandizing ;  he  was  elected 
to  the  Ohio  Legislature  in  1833  and 
1834;  he  was  Treasurer  for  Monroe 
County  for  one  year,  and,  while  in 
that  office,  was  elected  to  Congress 
in  1843,  and  re-elected  in  1845, 
serving  two  entire  terras.  He  died 
at  Woodfield,  Ohio,  October  23, 
1854. 

MORRIS,  LEWIS  R. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Yerrnont,  from  1797  to 
1803. 

MORRIS,    MATHIAS. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1835  to 
1839,  and  was  much  respected  for 
his  talents.  He  died  at  Doyles- 
town,  Pennsylvania,  November  9, 
1839,  aged  fifty-four  years. 

MORRIS,   ROBERT. 

He  was  a  native  of  England,  but 
came  to  the  United  States  when  a 
boy  of  thirteen,  and  settled  in 
Philadelphia  as  a  clerk,  where  he 
spent  the  most  of  his  life  as  an  in 
fluential  merchant  and  financier. 


348 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


He  was  a  member  of  the  Congress 
of  1116,  and  signed  the  Declaration 
of  Independence.  In  1181  he  ob 
tained  the  control  of  the  American 
finances,  and  rendered  important 
services  to  his  adopted  country. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  which  formed  the  present  Con 
stitution,  and  was  chosen  a  United 
States  Senator,  serving  from  1189 
to  1195.  Notwithstanding  his  valu 
able  services  to  his  country,  he 
passed  the  latter  years  of  his  life  in 
imprisonment  for  debt ;  until  the 
period  of  his  impoverishment,  his 
house  had  been  the  scene  of  most 
liberal  hospitality.  He  died  May 
8,  1806,  aged  seventy-one  years. 

MORRIS,   SAMUEL  W. 

Born  in  1188;  was  for  many  years 
Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  Tio- 
ga  County,  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives,  in  Congress,  from  1831 
to  1841.  He  died  in  Wellsborough, 
Pennsylvania,  May  25,  1841. 

MORRIS,  THOMAS. 

He  was  for  three  years  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly, 
from  Ontario  County,  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1801  to 
1803. 

MORRIS,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  Janu 
ary  3,  1116,  and  was  the  son  of  a 
Baptist  clergyman.  When  nine 
teen  years  of  age  he  emigrated  to 
the  valley  of  the  Ohio,  and  settled 
near  the  present  site  of  Cincinnati, 


but  two  years  afterwards  removed  to 
the  County  of  Clermont.  In  1802, 
while  engaged  in  the  avocation  of 
a  day-laborer,  and  without  an  in 
structor,  he  commenced  the  study 
of  law,  adopted  the  profession,  and 
became  eminent.  In  1806  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Ohio, 
and  represented  Clermont  County, 
either  in  the  Senate  or  House,  for  a 
period  of  twenty-four  years,  doing 
much  to  develop  the  resources  of 
his  adopted  State.  He  was  also 
Chief  Judge  of  Ohio,  and  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  for 
the  long  term,  from  1833  to  1839. 
He  died  December  1,  1844,  and  his 
life  and  collected  speeches  and 
writings  have  been  published  in 
one  volume,  under  the  supervision 
of  his  son,  Rev.  B.  F.  Morris. 
While  in  Congress  he  ably  defended 
the  freedom  of  the  press,  the  free 
dom  of  speech,  and  the  right  of  pe 
tition. 

MORRIS,  JONATHAN  D. 

He  is  the  eldest  son  of  the  pre 
ceding  ;  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession,  He  served 
for  twenty  years  as  Clerk  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  and  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Clermont  Coun 
ty,  Ohio  ;  and  he  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1841  to  1851.  Now  devoted  to  the 
practice  of  his  profession. 

MORRIS,  ISAAC  N. 

He  is  the  fourth  son  of  Thomas 
Morris,  and  brother  of  the  above 
named ;  and  was  born  in  Ohio, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


January  22,  1812.  He  studied  law  | 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1835;  in  1S3C>  he  emigrated  to 
Illinois,  and  settled  in  Quincy,  where 
he  still  resides.  In  1840  he  was 
appointed  Secretary  of  State  for 
Illinois,  but  declined  the  position; 
in  1841  he  was  chosen  President  of 
the  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal 
Company;  in  1846  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  from 
Adams  County ;  in  1856  he  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  Illi 
nois,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress.  lie  is  at  the  present 
time  a  member  of  the  Committe  on 
Roads  and  Canals. 

MORRISON,  JOHN  A. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

MORRISON,  GEORGE  W. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  Hampshire,  from  1850  to  1851, 
and  again  from  1853  to  1855. 

MORROW,  JEREMIAH. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania  in  17 TO, 
but  removed  to  the  Northwest  Ter 
ritory,  now  the  State  of  Ohio,  in 
1795,  and  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  Territorial  Legislature  in  1800. 
He  was  the  first  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Ohio,  serving  from 
1803  to  1813,  and  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1813  to  1819,  being 
appointed,  in  1814,  a  Commissioner 
to  treat  with  the  Indians.  He  was 


Governor  of  Ohio,  from  1822  to 
1826;  subsequently  a  Canal  Com 
missioner  ;  served  a  second  time  as 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1841  to  1843,  officiating  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Lands  ;  and  for  several  years  before 
his  death  was  President  of  the 
Little  Miami  Railroad  Company. 
He  died  in  Ohio,  March  22,  1852. 

MORSE,  FREEMAN   II. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  that 
State,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Cost  of  Public  Print 
ing,  and  that  on  Naval  Afl'airs.  He 
has  been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress. 

MORSE,  ISAAC  E. 

He  was  born  in  Louisiana,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State  from  1843  to  1851. 

MORSE,  0.  A. 

Born  in  Cherry  Valley,  Otsego 
County,  New  York,  March  26, 
1815  ;  graduated  at  Hamilton  Col 
lege,  New  York;  studied  law,  but 
has  not  practiced  of  late  years ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Invalid  Pensions. 

MORTON,  JACKSON. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia  and  re 
moving  to  Florida,  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1849  to  1855.  He  subsequently 


350 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


entered  extensively  into  the  busi 
ness  of  manufacturing  lumber,  in 
Florida. 

MORTON,  JEREMIAH. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 

MORTON,  MARCUS. 

He  was  born  in  Freetown,  Mas 
sachusetts,  December  19,  1784; 
graduated  at  Brown  University  in 
1804;  studied  law,  and  devoted 
himself  to  politics;  in  1811  he  was 
chosen  Clerk  of  the  Massachusetts 
Senate  ;  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1817  to  1821 ;  in  1823  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Executive  Council  of 
that  State ;  in  1824  was  elected 
Lieutenant-Governor ;  subsequently 
a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Massachusetts ;  and  in  1839  was 
chosen  Governor  of  the  State,  after 
which  he  retired  to  private  life. 

MOSELY,  JONATHAN  OGDEN. 

Born  at  East  Haddon,  Middle 
sex  County,  Connecticut;  was  a 
graduate  of  Yale  College  in  1780; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  his  native  State,  from  1805  to 
1821.  He  subsequently  removed 
to  Michigan,  and  died  at  Saginaw, 
in  that  State,  September  9,  1839, 
aged  seventy-seven  years. 

MOSELY,  WILLIAM  A. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1816 ;  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1835;  of  the 


State  Senate,  from  1838  to  1841 ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1843  to  1847. 

MOTT,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1801  to  1805. 

MOTT,  RICHARD. 

Born  in  Mamaroneck,  Westches- 
ter  County,  New  York,  July  21, 
1804.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Quaker  Seminary  of  "Nine  Part 
ners,"  in  Dutchess  County,  New 
York;  bred  a  merchant,  and  has 
resided  in  Toledo,  Ohio,  for  twenty 
years ;  and,  having  been  elected  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  was  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth. 

MOULTON,  MACE. 
He  was    born   in    New    Hamp 
shire,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,   from   that    State,    from 
1845  to  1847. 

MOUTON,  ALEXANDER. 
He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Louisiana,  from  1837  to  1842. 

MUHLENBERG,  FREDERICK  A. 

Born  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylva 
nia  ;  was  Treasurer  of  the  State ; 
President  of  the  Convention  which 
ratified  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1789  to 
1797;  and  Speaker  of  the  House 
during  the  First  and  Third  Con 
gresses.  He  died  at  Lancaster, 
Pennsylvania,  June  4,  1801,  aged 
fifty-one  years. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


351 


MUHLENBERO,  HENRY  A. 

He  was  born  in  Reading,  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1853  to  1854,  He  died  January  9, 
1854,  in  the  prime  of  life. 

MUIILENBERG,  HENRY  AUGUSTUS. 

He  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Penn 
sylvania,  May  13,  1782.  Under  the 
instruction  of  his  father,  a  learned 
clergyman  of  the  Lutheran  Church, 
he  completed  the  usual  course  of 
collegiate  studies  at  an  early  age; 
and  in  1802  he  was  ordained  as  a 
Lutheran  clergyman,  and  had  the 
pastoral  charge  of  Trinity  Church 
at  Reading,  in  which  position  he 
remained  until  1828,  when,  on  ac 
count  of  ill  health,  he  resigned,  and 
retired  to  a  farm  In  1829  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  serving  until  1838,  when  he 
resigned  his  seat,  having,  during  his 
term  of  office,  been  chairman  of  se 
veral  important  committees.  In 
1835  he  was  the  Democratic  candi 
date  for  Governor,  but  the  Whig 
party  was  successful.  In  1837 
President  Van  Buren  tendered  him 
a  place  in  his  cabinet  as  Secretary 
of  the  Navy,  and  also  the  mission  to 
Russia,  both  of  which  he  declined,  but 
in  1838  he  accepted  the  mission  to 
Austria,  and  was  recalled  at  his  own 
request  in  1841.  In  1844  he  was 
again  a  candidate  for  Governor,  but 
he  died  suddenly  at  Reading,  Au 
gust  12,  1844,  a  few  weeks  before 
the  election,  leaving  the  reputation 
of  an  upright  and  able  statesman. 


MUHLENBERG,  PETER. 

He  was  born  at  the  Trappe,  Mont 
gomery  County,  Pennsylvania,  Oc 
tober  1,  1746.  He  was  educated  in 
Germany,  and,  on  his  return  home, 
studied  theology  with  his  father. 
In  1772  he  went  to  London  with 
Bishop  White,  who  was  also  a  can 
didate  for  holy  orders,  and  was  or 
dained,  by  the  Bishop  of  London, 
as  an  Episcopal  clergyman.  He 
was  for  a  few  years  settled  over  a 
parish  in  Virginia,  but  at  the  com 
mencement  of  the  Revolution  he 
was  urged  to  take  a  military  com 
mand  ;  and  he  accordingly  preach 
ed  his  last  sermon  to  his  parishion 
ers,  throwing  off  his  clerical  robes 
and  appearing  in  the  pulpit  in  full 
uniform,  saying,  "  There  is  a  time 
for  all  things,  and  now  is  the  time 
to  fight; "read  his  commission  as 
colonel,  and  ordered  the  drummers 
to  beat  for  recruits  ;  his  parishion 
ers  crowded  to  the  standard,  and  he 
had  no  difficulty  in  forming  a  regi 
ment.  His  first  campaigns  were 
fought  in  Georgia  and  South  Caro 
lina.  In  1777  he  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general,  and 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Bran- 
dywine,  Germantown,  Monmouth, 
and  Stony  Point ;  and  in  1780  held 
the  chief  command,  when  Leslie  in 
vaded  Virginia,  and  was  next  in 
command  to  La  Fayette  when  Corn- 
wallis  entered  Virginia.  He  com 
manded  the  First  Brigade  of  Light 
Infantry  at  Yorktown ;  and  when 
the  army  was  disbanded,  he  receiv 
ed  the  commission  of  major-gene- 


352 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 


ral.  After  returning  to  his  abode 
in  Pennsylvania,  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Supreme  Executive 
Council  of  the  State.  In  1785  he 
was  chosen  Yice-President  of  the 
Commonwealth,  and  upon  the  adop 
tion  of  the  Federal  Constitution  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  serving  from  1789  to 
1791,  from  1793  to  1795,  and  from 
1799  to  1801.  In  1797  he  was  a 
Presidential  Elector ;  and  in  1801 
he  was  elected  United  States  Sena 
tor,  but  resigned  in  1802,  and  was 
appointed  Supervisor  of  the  Reve 
nue  for  the  District  of  Pennsylva 
nia.  In  1803  he  was  made  Col 
lector  of  the  port  of  Philadelphia, 
and  held  this  office  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  October  1,  1807. 

MULLEN,  JOSEPH. 
He  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1847  to  1849. 

MUMFORD,  GEORGE. 

Born  in  Rowan  County,  North 
Carolina.  He  represented  it  in 
the  General  Assembly  in  1810  and 
1811 ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1817  to  1819,  hav 
ing  died  in  Washington  before  the 
expiration  of  his  term. 

MUMFORD,  GURDON  S. 
He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1805  to  1811. 

MURFREE,  WILLIAM  H. 
Born  in  Hertford  County,  North 
Carolina ;    graduated    at    Chapel 


Hill  in  1801,  and  having  studied 
law,  was  a  successful  advocate.  He 
served  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1805,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1813  to  1817.  In 
1825  he  emigrated  to  Tennessee, 
and  soon  after  died  at  Nashville. 

MURPHY,  CHARLES. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

MURPHY,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina;  graduated  at  the  South  Ca 
rolina  College  in  1808;  was  Clerk 
of  the  Senate  of  South  Carolina; 
Governor  of  Alabama,  from  1825 
to  1829,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1833  to  1835.  He  died  in  Clark 
County,  Alabama,  September  21, 
1841,  in  the  fifty-sixth  year  of  his 
age. 

MURPHY,  HENRY  C. 

He  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  New 
York,  in  1810 ;  graduated  at  Co 
lumbia  College  in  1830;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1833 ;  was  at  one  time  Attorney 
for  the  City  of  Brooklyn ;  was 
elected  Mayor  of  that  city  in  1842; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1843  to  1849 ; 
and  by  President  Buchanan,  was 
appointed  Minister  to  the  Hague. 
In  his  tastes,  he  is  decidedly  lite 
rary,  and  has  devoted  much  atten 
tion  to  the  investigation  of  the  early 
history  of  his  native  State. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


MURRAY,  AMBROSE  S. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
that  State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Mile 
age. 

MURRAY,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Penn 
sylvania,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1817  to  1821. 

MURRAY,  JOHN  L. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1838  to 
1839. 

MURRAY,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1821 
to  1823. 

MURRAY,   WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1855. 

MURRAY,  WILLIAM  VANS. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  about 
the  year  1761.  In  1783  he  went 
to  London,  and  entered  as  a  stu 
dent  of  law  at  the  Temple,  and 
remained  three  years.  On  return 
ing  to  his  native  State,  he  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law,  but  was  soon 
elected  to  a  seat  in  the  Legislature. 
In  1791  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  Congress,  and  con 
tinued  in  that  position  until  1797, 
when  he  declined  being  a  candi- 
23 


date.  He  was  appointed,  by  Wash 
ington,  Minister  to  the  Batavian 
Republic  ;  and  in  connection  with 
Mr.  Ellsworth,  and  Mr.  Davie,  he 
negotiated  a  treaty  with  France  in 
1800.  He  returned  to  the  United 
States  in  1801,  and  died,  December 
11, 1803.  He  possessed  great  keen 
ness  of  wit  and  delicacy  of  taste, 
and  was  distinguished  for  his  elo 
quence,  having  a  mind  well  stored 
with  science  and  literature. 

NABERS,  BENJAMIN  I>. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
on  removing  to  Mississippi,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

NAUDAIN,  ARNOLD. 

He  was  born  in  Delaware  ;  gra 
duated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1806,  and  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1829 
to  1836. 

NAYLOR,  CHARLES. 

Born  in  the  County  of  Phila 
delphia,  Pennsylvania,  October  6, 
1806;  educated  a  lawyer,  admitted 
in  1828  to  the  bar  of  Philadelphia, 
and  was  there  for  some  years  ex 
tensively  engaged  in  practice.  He 
represented  his  native  district  in 
Congress,  from  1837  to  1841.  In 
1846  he  raised  in  Philadelphia  a 

j  company  of  volunteers,  and,  as  their 
captain,  took  part  in  the  war  with 

!  Mexico ;  rendezvoused  at  the  Island 
of  Lobos,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ; 


354 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


landed  with  the  invading  army  at 
Vera  Cruz;  was  active  in  the 
operations  before  that  city,  and  in 
most  of  the  engagements,  on  Ge 
neral  Scott's  line.  Upon  the  fall 
of  the  City  of  Mexico,  September 
14,  1841,  he  was  appointed  Go 
vernor  of  the  National  Palace,  (the 
"  Halls  of  the  Montezumas,")  and 
keeper  of  the  archives  and  pro 
perty  of  that  Republic ;  and  con 
tinued  to  hold  that  place,  and  to 
aid  in  the  administration  of  the  go 
vernment  of  the  city,  till  the  final 
evacuation  of  it  by  the  American 
army,  June  12,  1848.  He  has 
filled  many  posts  of  trust  and  honor 
in  his  native  State,  and  is  at  pre 
sent  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  the  City  of  Wash 
ington. 

NEAL,  RAPHAEL. 

He  was  born  in  St.  Mary's 
County,  Maryland  ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  1825. 

NELSON,  HUGH. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia ;  and 
was  at  one  time  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Delegates  of  Virginia; 
a  Judge  of  the  General  Court;  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  1811  to 
1823,  and  immediately  afterwards 
appointed  American  Minister  to 
Spain.  He  died  in  Albemarle 
County,  March  18,  1836. 

NELSON,  JEREMIAH. 

He  was  born  in  Essex  County, 
Massachusetts,  in  1778;  served  as 


a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1805  to  1807,  and 
again  from  1815  to  1823  ;  and  died 
at  Newburyport,  October  2,  1838. 

NELSON,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1821  to  1823, 
and  in  1831  was  appointed  Charge 
d'Affaires  to  the  Two  Sicilies. 

NELSON,  ROGER. 

He  was  a  general  in  the  revolu 
tionary  war  ;  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Maryland,  from 
1804  to  1810,  and  died  at  Frederick- 
town,  June  7,  1815,  at  an  advanced 
age. 

NELSON,  THOMAS  M. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1782  ; 
served  with  distinction  in  the  war 
of  1812,  as  a  captain  of  infantry  ; 
after  the  war  he  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  major,  but  resigned  his 
commission ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  his  native  State, 
from  1816  to  1819,  when  he  de 
clined  a  re-election  and  retired  to 
private  life.  He  died  November 
10,  1853. 

NELSON,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Clinton,  Dutchess  County, 
New  York,  June  29,  1784  ;  he  re 
ceived  an  academical  education  ; 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1807  ;  was  District  At 
torney  for  the  Counties  of  West- 
chester,  Putnam,  and  Rockland  for 
a  period  of  thirty  years ;  was  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


355 


member  of  the  Assembly  of  New 
York,  in  1819  and  1820;  and  a 
State  Senator,  in  1823 ;  and  he  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1847  to  1851. 
He  is  at  the  present  time  a  resident 
of  Peekskill. 

NES,  HENRY. 

Born  in  York,  Pennsylvania,  in 
17  !> 9,  and  was  educated  a  physician. 
lie  wr.s  frequently  called  to  fill 
places  of  trust  and  responsibility  in 
his  native  town,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1843 
to  1845,  and  again  from  1846  to 
1850.  He  was  retiring  in  his  ha 
bits,  but  had  many  devoted  friends. 
He  died  September  10,  1850. 

NESBITT,  WILSON. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1817  to  1819 

NEVEL,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1793  to 
1795. 

NEW,  ANTHONY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1793  to 
1805,  and  on  taking  up  his  resi 
dence  in  Kentucky,  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1811  to  1813,  from 
1817  to  1819,  and  from  1821  to 
1823. 

NEW  BOLD,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1807 
to  1813. 


NEWELL,  WILLIAM  A. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  was  edu 
cated  for  the  medical  profession, 
and  on  taking  up  his  residence  in 
New  Jersey,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1847  to 
1851.  In  1856  he  was  elected  Go 
vernor  of  New  Jersey  for  the  term 
ending  in  1860. 

NEWHARD,  PETER. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1839 
to  1843. 

NEWMAN,  DANIEL. 

He  served  as  a  soldier  in  the 
early  Indian  wars  in  Georgia,  held 
many  high  positions  in  the  State, 
and  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  1831  to  1833.  He  died  in 
Walker  County,  Georgia. 

NEWTON,  EBENEZER. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1851  to  1853. 

NEWTON,  THOMAS. 

Born  in  1769;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Virginia, 
from  1801  to  1829,  and  again  from 
1831  to  1833.  He  died  in  Norfolk, 
Virginia,  August  5,  1847. 

NEWTON,  THOMAS  W. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Arkansas,  from  1845  to 
1846. 


356 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


NEWTON,  WILLOUGHBY. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

NIBLACK,  WILLIAM  E. 

Born  in  Dubois  County,  Indiana, 
May  19, 1822.  He  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  1843; 
during  that  year  he  was  appointed 
County  Surveyor;  in  1849  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature, 
where  he  served  until  1852  ;  in  1854 
he  was  appointed  a  Circuit  Judge, 
and  subsequently  elected  for  six 
years.  He  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
from  Indiana,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  on  Mileage,  and  has  recently 
been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

NICHOLAS,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1793  to 
1801. 

NICHOLAS,  II.  C. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Louisiana,  from  1830  to  1841. 

t 
NICHOLAS,  WILSON  C. 

A  Governor  of  Virginia;  an  of 
ficer  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution, 
and  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  ratified  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States.  He  was  a  dis 
tinguished  member  of  the  National 
House  of  Representatives,  from 
1807  to  1809,  and  of  the  Senate  of 
the  United  States  from  1799  to 
1804,  and  ably  supported  the  mea 


sures  of  President  Jefferson's  ad 
ministration.  In  1804  he  resigned 
his  seat  in  the  Senate,  and  accepted 
the  office  of  Collector  of  the  ports 
of  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth.  He 
was  afterwards  a  member  of  the 
House ;  but  he  resigned  his  seat  in 
1809.  In  1814  he  was  Governor, 
and  remained  in  office  until  1817. 
He  died  at  Milton,  October  10, 
1820. 

NICHOLS,  MATTHIAS  H. 

Born  in  Salem  County,  New  Jer 
sey,  October  3,  1824.  His  educa 
tion  was  acquired  in  a  printing- 
office  and  by  the  aid  of  friends,  who 
!  instructed  him  after  the  ordinary 
hours  of  labor.  He  studied  law, 
and  in  1 849  was  licensed  to  practice 
in  Auglaize  County,  Ohio.  He 
was  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Allen 
County;  resigned  the  office  in  1852 
to  become  a  candidate  for  Congress, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Thirty-third,  Thirty-fourth,  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Joint  Committee  on 
Printing. 

NICHOLSON,  A.  0.  P. 

He  was  born  in  Williamson  Coun 
ty,  Tennessee,  August  31,  1808; 
graduated  at  Chapel  Hill  Univer 
sity,  North  Carolina,  in  1827  ;  set 
tled  in  Tennessee  as  a  lawyer ;  was 
a  member  of  the  Tennessee  Legisla 
ture  from  1833  to  1839;  was  a  Se 
nator  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1840  to  1842  ;  was  a  member 
of  the  Tennessee  Senate  from  1843 
to  1845 ;  was  Chancellor  of  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


middle  division  of  the  State  in  1S45  ; 
was  President  of  the  Bank  of  Ten 
nessee  in  184i>  and  1847;  was  elect 
ed  Printer  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives,  by  the  Thirty-third  Con 
gress,  and  Printer  of  the  Senate,  by 
the  Thirty-fourth  Congress;  and 
from  185.'}  to  1856  he  was  editor  of 
the  Washington  Daily  Union.  He 
has  been  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  for  the  term 
commencing  in  1859  and  ending  in 
1865. 

NICHOLSON,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  member  for  several 
years  of  the  New  York  Assembly, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1809  to  1811. 

NICHOLSON.  JOSEPH  HOPPER 

A  native  of  Maryland;  received 
a  good  education,  and  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession  In  1805  he  was  ap 
pointed  Chief  Judge  of  the  Sixth 
Judicial  District,  and  was  also  a 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of 
Maryland.  From  1799  to  1806  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
and  died  March  4,  1817,  aged  forty- 
seven  years. 

NICOLL,  HENRY. 

Born  in  the  City  of  New  York, 
October   23,   1812;    graduated    at 
Columbia  College  in  1830  ;  studied  ! 
law  and  has  practiced  with  success  ;   i 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York  j 
Constitutional  Convention  in  1846  ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1847  to  1849. 


NILES,  JOHN  M. 

He  was  born  in  Windsor,  Con 
necticut,  in  1787,  and  was  bred  to 
the  bar,  and  went  to  Hartford  in 
1816  to  practice  law.  In  1817  he 
was  there  concerned  in  publishing 
the  Times,  which  he  edited  for  a 
time.  In  1820  he  was  commissioned 
Judge  of  the  County  Court.  He  was 
appointed  Postmaster  of  Hartford, 
by  President  Jackson,  and  held  the 
office  until  made  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  in  1835,  in  which  position  he 
remained  until  1839.  In  1840  he 
was  appointed  Postmaster- General, 
by  President  Van  Buren.  In  1842 
he  was  again  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate,  served  six  years,  re 
tired  to  private  life,  and  died  May 
31,  1856.  He  was  fond  of  literary 
pursuits,  and  his  contributions  to 
the  periodical  press  were  abundant. 
He  edited  a  Gazetteer  of  Connec 
ticut  and  Rhode  Island,  and  wrote 
a  History  of  South  America.  In 
his  will  he  gave  $20,000  for  the 
benefit  of  the  poor  of  Hartford, 
and  bequeathed  his  library  to  the 
Historical  Society  of  Connecticut. 


NILES,  NATHANIEL. 

He  was  born  in  South  Kingston, 
Rhode  Island,  in  1741;  graduated 
at  Princeton  College  in  1766  ;  was 
a  student  of  law,  medicine,  and 
theology;  was  the  inventor  of 
making  wire  from  bar  iron,  by 
water  power,  and  erected  at  Nor 
wich,  Connecticut,  a  woolen  card 
manufactory  ;  he  was  a  member  of 


358 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  Vermont  Legislature,  and 
Speaker  of  the  House  ;  a  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  that  State  ; 
was  six  times  a  Presidential  Elec 
tor;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1791  to 
1795.  He  wrote  poetry,  and  many 
sermons,  and  preached  in  his  own 
house  twelve  years.  He  died  at 
West  Fairlee,  Vermont,  in  Novem 
ber,  1828. 

NISBET,   E.   A. 

He  was  born  in  Georgia;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1842. 

NIVEN,  ARCHIBALD  C. 

He  was  born  in  New  York  ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to 
1847. 

NOBLE,  DAVID  A. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts ; 
liberally  educated ;  adopted  the 
profession  of  law  ;  and  on  removing 
to  Michigan,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

NOBLE,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Indiana,  from  1816  to  1831, 
having  died  February  26,  of  the 
latter  year.  He  was  a  native  of 
Battletown,  Clark  County,  Vir 
ginia,  but  removed  when  a  youth  to 
Kentucky,  and  subsequently  to  In 
diana.  He  was  a  self-educated 
man  and  very  influential  in  his 
adopted  State. 


NOBLE,  WILLIAM  II. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ; 
served  three  years  in  the  Assembly 
of  that  State,  from  Cayuga  County ; 
an  d  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1837 
to  1-839. 

NORRIS,  MOSES. 
Born  in  Pittsfield,  New  Hamp 
shire,  in  1799  ;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1828;  studied 
law,  and  devoted  himself  success 
fully  to  the  practice  ;  in  1839  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  in  1840  was  elected 
Speaker  of  the  House  ;  in  1841  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  State 
Council;  and  in  1844  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress, 
where  he  continued  four  years.  In 
1847  he  was  again  a  member  of  the 
Legislature,  and  Speaker ;  and 
while  serving  in  that  capacity  he 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
serving  from  1849  to  1855;  and  he 
died  at  Washington,  January  11, 
1855. 

NORTH,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  aid  to  Baron  Steuben,  in 
the  revolutionary  war,  and  after 
wards  appointed  adjutant-general. 
He  was  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  in  Congress,  in  1798;  died 
at  New  York,  January  4,  183G, 
aged  eighty-three  years  ;  and  was 
buried  at  Duanesburg. 

NORTON,  EBENEZER  F. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ; 
served  in  the  State  Assembly,  from 
Erie  County,  in  1823  ;  and  was  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Representative  in   Congress,   from 
New  York,  from  1829  to  1831. 

NORTON,  JESSE  0. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Illinois,  from  1853  to  1857. 

XOKVELL,  JOHN. 

He  was  bred  a  printer,  was  for  a 
time  the  editor  of  a  newspaper  in 
Philadelphia,  was  appointed,  by 
President  Jackson,  Postmaster  of 
Detroit,  in  Michigan,  and,  having 
become  identified  with  the  Territo 
ry  of  Michigan,  became  one  of  the 
Senators  in  Congress,  from  the 
new  State,  having  served  in  that 
capacity  from  1835  to  1841.  He 
died  a  few  years  after  retiring  from  j 
public  life. 

NOTT,  ABRAHAM. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1787,  was  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  South  Carolina,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1799  to  1801. 

NOYES,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth 
College  in  1795,  was  subsequently 
a  tutor  in  that  institution,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1815  to 
1817.  He  died  in  1841,  aged 
seventy-eight  years. 

NOYES,  JOSEPH  C. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1837  to 
1839,  and  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Agriculture. 


NUC ROLLS,  WILLIAM  C. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina ; 
graduated  at  the  university  of  that 
State  in  1820;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  South  Caro 
lina,  from  1827  to  1833. 

OAKLEY,  THOMAS  JACKSON. 

Born  in  Dutchess  County,  \e\v 
York,  in  1783  ;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1801 ;  studied  law,  and 
entered  on  the  practice  at  Pough- 
keepsie,  New  York.  In  1810  he  was 
appointed  Surrogate  of  Dutchess 
County,  and  in  1813  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
where  he  continued  until  1815, 
when  he  resumed  his  profession, 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Assembly.  He  was  appointed 
Attorney-General  of  the  State  of 
New  York  in  1819,  in  1820  again 
served  in  the  Assembly,  and  in 
1827  he  was  again  elected  to  Con 
gress  In  1828,  when  the  Superior 
Court  of  New  Yrork  City  was  or 
ganized,  he  was  appointed  one  of 
its  judges ;  and  on  the  re-organi 
zation  of  the  Court,  under  the 
Constitution  of  1X46,  he  was  elect 
ed  the  Chief  Justice,  and  continued 
in  that  position  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  New  York  City, 
May  11,  1857.  The  duties  of  the 
various  stations  to  which  he  was 
called  he  discharged  with  fidelity 
and  marked  ability. 

O'BRIEN,  JEREMIAH. 

Born  at  Machias,  Maine,  in  170S, 
and  died  at  Boston,  May  30,  1858. 


360 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1823  to 
1829.  Early  in  life,  and  after  the 
separation  of  Maine  from  Massa 
chusetts,  he  was  for  several  years  in 
the  Legislature  of  the  new  State. 
His  educational  advantages  were 
limited,  but  he  was  a  man  of  sound 
sense  and  solid  judgment.  He  was 
both  a  farmer  and  a  merchant. 

OGDEN,  AARON. 

He  was  born  in  Elizabeth  town, 
New  Jersey,  December  3,  1756; 
graduated  at  Nassau  Hall  in  1773; 
taught  school  for  a  time ;  served 
as  an  officer  in  the  army,  during 
the  whole  revolutionary  war;  had 
a  horse  shot  from  under  him  at 
the  battle  of  Springfield,  New 
Jersey;  participated  in  the  Sul 
livan  campaign  against  the  In 
dians;  and  for  his  services  at 
Yorktown  was  complimented  by 
Washington;  after  the  war,  he  pur 
sued  the  legal  profession  with  dis 
tinction  ;  was  a  Presidential  Elector 
in  1800 ;  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1801  to  1803;  was  Go 
vernor  of  New  Jersey  in  1812 ;  and 
at  the  time  of  his  death  was  Pre 
sident-General  of  the  Society  of 
Cincinnati.  He  died  at  Jersey 
City,  April  19,  1839.  During  the 
war  of  1812,  President  Madison 
offered  him  a  commission  as  major- 
general  in  the  army  of  the  United 
States,  which  honor  he  declined, 
preferring  to  continue,  as  he  had 
been,  commander-in-chief  of  the 
militia  of  his  own  State. 


OGDEN,  DAVID  A. 

He  was  born  in  Morristown,  New 
Jersey ;  studied  law,  and  took  up 
his  residence  in  St.  Lawrence  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  in  1812;  was  a 
member  of  the  Assembly  in  1814 
and  1815  ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1817  to  1819.  He 
died  at  Montreal,  Canada,  June  9, 
1829. 

OGLE,  ANDREW  J. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1817  to  1819,  and  died 
in  Somerset,  Pennsylvania,  October 
14,  1852. 

OGLE,  ANDREW  J. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1851. 

OGLE,  CHARLES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1837 
to  1841,  also  a  general  of  militia; 
and  died  at  Somerset,  May  10, 
1841. 

OLCOTT,  SIMEON. 

He  was  born  in  1737  ;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1761 ;  studied 
law,  and  settled  in  the  practice  at 
Charlestown,  New  Hampshire ;  he 
was  appointed,  in  1784,  Chief  Jus 
tice  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas ; 
in  1790  a  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court;  Chief  Judge  of  the  same 
Court  in  1795  ;  and  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  New  Hampshire, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


3G1 


from   1801  to  1805.     lie  died  in 
New  Hampshire  in  1815. 

OLDS,  EDSON  B. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1849  to  1855. 

OLIN,  ABU  AM  B. 

lie  was  born  in  Shaftsbury,  Ben-  • 
uington  County,  Vermont,  in  1812; 
graduated  at  Williams  College, 
Massachusetts,  in  1835;  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  at  Troy,  New 
York,  in  1838  ;  was  for  three  years 
Recorder  of  the  City  of  Troy ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  New 
York,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Expenditures  on  the 
Public  Buildings.  He  has  also 
been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress.  His  father,  Gideon  Olin, 
was  in  Congress,  from  Vermont, 
during  the  administration  of  Presi 
dent  Jefferson. 

OLIN,  GIDEON. 

He  was  born  in  Rhode  Island, 
and  removing  to  Vermont,  became  j 
one   of  its   founders.     He    was   a  \ 
member  of  the  State  Legislature,  i 
and  Speaker  of  the  House,  a  Judge  | 
of  the   County  Court,   and  a  Re-  I 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1803  j 
to  1807.     He  died  at  Shafisbury, 
Vermont,  in  1822. 

OLIN,  HENRY. 

His  boyhood  was  spent  in  Addi- 
son  County,  Vermont ;  he  was 
elected  to  the  General  Assembly  of 
that  State  in  1799,  and,  excepting 


four  years,  continued  to  serve  in 
that  capacity  until  1825;  he  was 
also  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
stitutional  Convention  of  1814, 
1822,  and  1828;  was  an  Associate 
Judge  of  Addison  County,  from 
1801  to  1806;  Chief  Judge  of  said 
court  in  1807,  and  from  1810  to 
1824;  and  he  was  chosen  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  to  fill  a 
vacancy  in  1824,  and  served  through 
the  term,  ending  in  1825.  He  died 
at  Salisbury,  Vermont,  in  1837,  aged 
seventy  years. 

OLIVER,  ANDREW. 

Born  at  Springfield,  Otsego 
County,  New  York  ;  soon  after  his 
birth,  in  1819,  his  parents  removed 
to  Pen  Yan,  in  Yates  County,  lie 
received  a  classical  education,  and 
graduated  at  Union  College  in, 
1835  ;  he  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1838,  and  en 
tered  upon  a  successful  practice. 
lie  was  appointed  to  succeed  his 
father  as  First  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  in  1843,  which 
position  he  held  till  the  adoption 
of  the  new  State  Constitution.  In 
1846  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the 
Surrogate  and  County  Courts  In 
1852  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Thirty  third  Congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  ;  since  that  time  he  has  been 
devoted  to  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession. 

OLIVER,  MORDECAI. 

Born  in  Anderson  County,  Ken 
tucky,  October  22,  1819,  and  euii- 


362 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


grated  to  Missouri  in  1832,  he 
received  as  good  an  education  as 
that  country  afforded,  and  entered 
upon  the  study  of  law  at  the  age  of 
nineteen,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1842.  lie  was  elected  Cir 
cuit  Attorney  for  the  Fifth  Judicial 
Circuit  of  Missouri  in  1848,  and  in 
1852  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Thirty-third  Congress,  and  re-elect 
ed  to  the  Thirty-fourth.  Upon 
retiring  from  Congress,  he  resumed 
the  duties  of  his  profession,  in  Rich 
mond,  Missouri. 

OLIVER,  WILLIAM  M. 
He  was  a  native  of  Springfield, 
Otsego  County,  New  York,  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession ;  and  for  a 
long  time  the  First  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas.  He  was 
State  Senator,  and  Lieutenant-Go- 
vernor ;  and  a  Representative  of 
New  York,  in  the  Twenty-seventh 
Congress. 

ORMSBY,  STEPHEN. 
He  was  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court  of  Kentucky,  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1811  to 
1811,  lived  to  an  advance  age,  and 
died  in  Kentucky. 

OUR,  ALEXANDER  D. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1792 
to  1797,  and  died  at  Paris,  in  that 
State,  June  21,  1835,  aged  seventy 
years. 

ORR,  BENJAMIN. 

A  native  of  Bedford,  New  Hamp 
shire  ;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 


College  in  1798,  and  settled  as  a 
lawyer,  in  Brunswick,  Maine,  at 
taining  a  high  rank  in  his  profes 
sion.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1817  to  1819,  and  died  at  Bruns 
wick  in  1828,  aged  fifty  years. 

ORR,  JAMES  L. 

He  was  born  at  Craytonville, 
!  South  Carolina,  May  12,  1822 ; 
!  received  his  education  chiefly  in 
the  University  of  Virginia  ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1843;  in  1844  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature ;  re-elected 
in  1845  ;  and  in  1848  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
South  Carolina,  to  which  position 
he  has  been  regularly  re-elected  to 
the  present  time.  During  the  Thir 
ty-second  Congress,  he  was  fre 
quently  Chairman  of  the  Commit 
tee  of  the  Whole  on  the  State  of 
the  Union,  and  during  the  next 
Congress,  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs ;  and 
on  the  assembling  of  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  he  was  elected 
Speaker. 

ORR,  ROBERT. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1825  to  1829. 

OSBORNE,  THOMAS  B. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to 
1843. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


363 


OSGOOP,  OAYTOX  P. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1833  to  1S35. 

OTEKO,  MIGUEL   A. 

He  was  born  in  New  Mexico,  and 
was  elected  a  Delegate,  from  that 
Territory,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress. 

OTIS,  HARRISON  GRAY. 

He  was  born  in  Boston,  Massa 
chusetts,  October  8,  1765,  and  died 
at  Boston,  October  28,  1848.     His 
father,  Samuel  A.  Otis,  was  the  first 
Secretary   of    the    Senate    of  the 
United  States,  which  office  he  held 
for    twenty-five    years.      Harrison 
Gray  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1783,  and  soon  became  a 
successful  practitioner  at   the  bar. 
He  was  for  many  years  an  active 
and  leading  member  of  the  State 
Legislature,  serving  as  Speaker  and 
President  of  the  Senate.     He  was 
chosen   a   Representative  in   Con 
gress,  for  the   Suffolk  District,  in 
1797,  and  served  through  President 
Adams's    administration ;    and    in 
1817   he  was  chosen  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  where  he  remained  for  five 
years.     He  was  also  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  Mayor 
of  Boston,  for  whose  prosperity  he 
accomplished  much  good  ;  display 
ing,  in  all  his  public  stations,  great 
ability,  and  the  utmost  fidelity  to 
the  public  interests.     He  was  also 
appointed,   by    President    Adams, 
United  States  District  Attorney  for 
Massachusetts.       lie    was    distin 


guished  for  his  scholarly  acquire 
ments,  and  for  his  eloquence  as  an 
orator. 

OTIS,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Maine  in  1801 ; 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in 
1823 ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1849 
to  1851,  and  died  in  185(5. 

OUTLAW,  DAVID. 

Born  in  Bertie  County,  North 
Carolina,  and  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  that  State  in  1824.  He 
read  law  at  Newbern,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1827.  He 
served  three  years  in  the  House  of 
Commons ;  was  elected  Solicitor  of 
Edenton  District  in  1836;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1847  to  1853. 

OUTLAW,  GEORGE  U. 

He  was  born  in  Bertie  County, 
North  Carolina,  where  he  lived,  and 
died  many  years  ago.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Commons 
in  1796,  and  in  the  State  Senate  a 
number  of  years  thereafter,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  during 
the  years  1824  and  1825. 

OVERSTREET,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  native  of  Barn  well 
County,  South  Carolina,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  1822. 

OVERTON,  WALTER  H. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Louisiana,  from  1829  to 
1831. 


364 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


OWEN,  ALLEN  F. 

He  was  bora  in  North  Carolina, 
and  having  removed  to  Georgia, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1849  to  1851. 

OWEN,  GEORGE  W. 

Born  in  1798;  was  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  in 
Alabama,  and  Mayor  of  Mobile, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1823  to  1829, 
when  he  was  appointed  Collector  of 
the  port  of  Mobile.  He  died  August 
18,  1839,  at  Mobile,  Alabama. 

OWEN,  JAMES. 

Born  in  Bladen  County,  North 
Carolina,  in  December,  1784.  He 
was  well  educated,  but  adopted 
the  occupation  of  a  planter.  He 
was  a  general  of  militia,  four  years 
a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1817  to  1819. 

OWEN,  ROBERT  DALE. 

He  was  born  in  Scotland  ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Indiana,  from  1843  to  1847.  He 
was  one  of  the  first  Regents  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  and  took 
a  prominent  part  in  its  organiza 
tion  ;  and  he  was  appointed  Minis 
ter-Resident  at  Naples,  which  posi 
tion  he  still  holds. 

OWENS,  GEORGE  W. 

A  prominent  member  of  the 
Georgia  bar,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 


1835  to  1839.     Died  at  Savannah, 
in  1856. 

OWSLEY,  BRYAN  Y. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843 

PACKER,  ASA. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1853  to 
1857. 

PAGE,  JOHN. 

He  was  one  of  the  first  Repre 
sentatives  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  under  the  present  Constitu 
tion,  serving  from  1789  to  1797. 
In  1800  he  was  chosen  one  of  the 
Electors  for  President,  and  from 
1802  to  1805  was  Governor  of  Vir 
ginia.  He  published  addresses  to 
the  people  in  1796  and  1799.  He 
died  at  Richmond,  Virgina,  Octo 
ber  11,  1804,  aged  sixty-four  years. 

PAGE,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  New  Hampshire,  during  the 
years  1835  and  1837. 

PAGE,  ROBERT. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1799  to 
1801. 

PAGE,  SHERMAN. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut, 
served  in  the  Assembly  of  New 
York,  from  Otsego  County,  in 
1827,  and  was  a  Representative  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


805 


Congress,   from    that   State,   from 
1833  to  1837. 

PAINE,  ELIJAH. 

Born  in  Brooklyn,  Connecticut, 
January  21,  1757,  and  graduated 
at  Harvard  College  in  1781  He  was 
the  first  President  of  the  Phi  Beta 
Kappa  Society  of  Harvard,  and 
pronounced  the  first  oration  before 
the  same.  He  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession ;  and  having  settled  in 
Vermont,  was  one  of  the  most  use 
ful  pioneers  of  the  new  State,  fol 
lowing  the  practice  of  his  profes 
sion,  and  the  employments  of  farmer,  | 
road  maker,  and  cloth  manufac-  I 
turer.  In  1786  he  was  a  member  j 
of  the  Convention  called  to  revise  I 
the  State  Constitution,  and  of  which  i 
he  was  Secretary.  In  1787  he  was  j 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature, 
and  so  continued  until  1791,  when 
he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court.  He  was  one  of  the 
Commissioners  to  settle  the  contro 
versy  between  Vermont  and  New 
York,  in  1789;  was  a  Trustee  of 
Dartmouth  College;  President  of 
the  Vermont  Colonization  Society ; 
a  pecuniary  benefactor  to  the  Uni 
versity  of  Vermont;  received  from 
Harvard  College  the  degree  of 
LL.D.,  and  was  elected  a  Fellow 
of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts 
and  Sciences,  and  an  honorary  mem 
ber  of  several  other  literary  institu 
tions.  He  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1795  to 
1801.  In  1801  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Adams,  Judge  of  the 
District  Court  of  Vermont,  which 


office  he  held  till  within  a  month  of 
his  death,  when  he  resigned.  He 
died  at  Williamstown,  Vermont, 
April  21,  1842. 

PAINE,  ROBERT  T. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1855 
to  1857. 

1'ALEN,  RUFUS. 

lie  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1841. 

PALFREY,  JOHN  G. 

Born  in  Boston,  May  2,  1795. 
He  was  prepared  for  college  at 
Exeter  Academy,  and  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1815;  he  studied 
theology,  and  was  ordained  a  Uni 
tarian  preacher  in  1818;  he  was 
subsequently,  for  a  number  of  years, 
editor  of  the  North  American  Re 
view ;  delivered  a  course  of  Lec 
tures  before  the  Lowell  Institute; 
during  the  years  1842  and  1843 
he  was  a  member  of  the  General 
Court ;  was  elected  Secretary  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts; 
and  he  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  1847  to  1849.  His  published 
writings  are  numerous,  chiefly  of  a 
theological  and  political  character. 

PALMER,  BERIAH. 

Born  in  New  York,  served  four 
years  in  the  Assembly  of  New  York, 
from  Saratoga  County,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1803  to  1805. 


366 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


PALMER,  GEORGE  W. 

Born  in  Hoosick,Rensselaer  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  January  13,  1818; 
received  a  common  school  educa 
tion  ;  adopted  the  profession  of  law ; 
was  Surrogate  of  Clinton  County 
from  1843  to  1847;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Post-office  De 
partment.  He  has  been  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

PALMER,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Hoosick,  Rens- 
selaer  County,  New  York,  in  1785; 
received  a  good  education,  and  stu 
died  law,  and  having  settled  in 
Platsburg,  Clinton  County,  in  1810, 
formed  a  law  partnership  with 
Chancellor  Walworth,  which  con 
tinued  until  1820.  He  was  elected 
a  Representative  to  Congress,  in 
1817,  but  before  the  expiration  of 
his  term  he  was  chosen  District  At 
torney  for  Clinton  County,  in  which 
capacity  he  served  until  1831,  and 
during  that  year  he  was  made  the 
first  judge  of  said  county,  and  held 
the  office  until  1836.  He  was 
again  elected  to  Congress,  in  1837, 
and  served  one  term.  He  died  of 
consumption,  at  St.  Bartholomew, 
West  Indies,  December  8,  1840. 

PALMER,  WILLIAM  A. 
He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Yermont,  from  1818  to  1825. 

PARISH,  ISAAC. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 


that  State,  from  1839  to  1841,  and 
again  from  1845  to  1847. 

PARKE,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey, 
and  was  born  in  1777;  he  was  one 
of  the  early  pioneers  to  the  Western 
territory,  and  settled  in  that  por 
tion  which  now  forms  the  State  of 
Indiana,  in  1800.  From  1805  to 
1808  he  was  a  Delegate  in  Congress, 
from  that  Territory,  and  was  soon 
after  appointed,  by  President  Jef 
ferson,  Judge  of  the  District  Court, 
which  office  he  held  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  Salem,  Indiana, 
July  12,  1835.  He  was  at  one  time 
President  of  the  State  Historical 
Society. 

PARKER,  AMASA  J. 

Born  in  1807,  at  Sharon,  Con 
necticut,  and  graduated  at  Union 
College,  New  York.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  Delhi,  New 
York,  in  October,  1828.  In  1833 
he  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and  in  1835 
was  chosen  a  Regent  of  the  Univer 
sity.  From  1837  to  1839  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  and  in 
1844  he  was  appointed  a  Circuit 
Judge  and  Vice-Chancellor  of  the 
Court  of  Equity.  Soon  after  the 
adoption  of  a  new  State  Constitu 
tion,  he  became  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  New  York. 

PARKER,  ANDREW. 
He  was   born   in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative,  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1853. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


PARKER,  ISAAC. 

Born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts, 
June  17,  1708,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1786.  He 
commenced  the  practice  of  law  at 
Castine,  in  the  District  of  Maine, 
and  was  elected  to  Congress,  serv 
ing  as  Representative,  from  1707  to 
17i>9.  He  was  appointed,  by  Pre 
sident  Adams,  Marshal  for  the 
District  of  Maine,  which  office  he 
held  till  1801.  He  afterwards  re 
moved  to  Portland,  and  in  180(5 
was  chosen  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  in  1814  Chief  Justice, 
which  position  he  occupied  for  six 
teen  years.  In  1820  he  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Massachusetts  Conven 
tion  for  the  revision  of  the  Consti 
tution,  and  for  several  years  he  was 
Professor  of  Law  in  Harvard  Uni 
versity.  He  was  a  distinguished 
scholar  and  friend  of  literature,  and 
for  eleven  years  was  a  Trustee  of 
Bowdoin  College,  and  for  twenty 
years  an  Overseer  of  Harvard.  He 
died  in  Boston,  May  26,  1830. 

PARKER,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  the  Township  of 
Bethlehem,  Hunterdon  County,New 
Jersey,  March  1,  1776.  He  was  a 
student  in  Columbia  College,  New 
York,  and  graduated  in  1793;  he 
entered  the  counting-house  of  a 
merchant  in  New  York,  and  re 
mained  there  until  1797,  when  he 
settled  in  Perth  Amboy,  where  he 
has  since  resided;  he  was  for  a 
few  years  engaged  in  trade  ;  was  a 
member  of  the  New  Jersey  Legisla 
ture  in  1806,  1807,  1808,  1809,1810, 


1812,  1813,  1815,  1816,  1818,  and 
1827 — in  all  eleven  years;  was  a 
Jackson  Elector  in  1824  ;  Collector 
of  the  Customs  at  Perth  Amboy, 
from  18-29  to  1833;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1 833 
to  1837.  He  also  served  as  one  of 
the  Commissioners,  on  the  part  of 
New  Jersey,  to  settle  the  boundary 
and  jurisdiction  between  New  York 
and  New  Jersey,  at  the  different  pe 
riods  of  1807,  1827,  and  1833,  ob 
taining  an  agreement  during  the 
year  last  named;  and  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  the  State  in  1844.  Mr. 
Parker  is  still  living,  in  the  enjoy 
ment  of  a  pleasant  home  and  troops 
of  friends. 

PARKER,  JAMES. 

A  native  of  Boston,  Massachu 
setts  ;  was  a  physician  by  profes 
sion  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1813  to  1815,  and  from  1819  to 
1821.  He  was  for  fifty  years  a  re 
sident  of  Gardiner,  Maine,  where  he 
died,  November  9, 1837,  aged  sixty- 
nine  years. 

PARKER,  JOHX  .M. 

Born  in  Granville,  Washington 
County,  New  York,  June  14,  1805  ; 
graduated  at  Middlebury  College, 
Vermont,  in  1828;  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession ;  and  a  Representative 
in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from 
Xew  York,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tees  of  Public  Expenditures  and 
Revolutionary  Pensions. 


868 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


PARKER,  JOSIAH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1789  to 
1801. 

PARKER,  NAHUM. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  New  Hampshire,  from  1807  to 
1810. 

PARKER,  RICHARD. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 

PARKER,  RICHARD  E. 

Born  in  1777  ;  in  early  life  was  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  House  of 
Delegates  ;  for  many  years  a  Judge 
of  the  General  and  Circuit  courts 
of  Virginia ;  also,  a  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Appeals;  and, 
for  a  brief  period,  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress.  He  died  in  Virginia,  in  No 
vember,  1840. 

PARKER,  SAMUEL  W. 

He  was  born  in  Jefferson  County, 
New  York,  September  9,  1805; 
graduated  at  the  Miami  University, 
in  Ohio,  in  1828;  settled  in  Indi 
ana,  and,  while  studying  law,  taught 
school  and  edited  a  newspaper  ;  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1831; 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  in 
1836,  where  he  served  five  years  ; 
and  was  two  years  Attorney  for  the 
State.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Indiana,  from 
1851  to  1855;  he  was,  in  1846, 
President  of  the  White  Water  Ca 
nal  Company,  the  charter  for  which 


he  had  passed  by  the  Legislature  ; 
in  1844  he  was  a  Clay  Elector,  and 
in  1856  an  Elector  for  Fremont; 
and,  at  the  present  time,  is  Presi 
dent  of  the  Junction  Railway  Com 
pany  of  Indiana,  where  he  resides, 
chiefly  engaged  in  agricultural  pur 
suits. 

PARKER,  SEVERN  E. 

He  was   born   in   Northampton 
County,  Virginia,  and  was  a  promi 
nent  member  of  the  Virginia  Legis 
lature,   an  eminent   lawyer,  and    a 
Representative   in  Congress,  from 
!  1819  to  1821.     He  died  October 
!  21,  1836,  in  Northampton  County, 
!  Virginia. 

PARKS,  GORIIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1833  to 
1837. 

PARMENTER,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837  to 
1845. 

PARRIS,  ALBION  K. 

He  was  born  in  Hebron,  Oxford 
County,  Maine,  January  19,  1788; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1806  ;  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  in  1809  ;  in  1811  he 
was  appointed  Attorney  for  Oxford 
County  ;  in  1813  was  elected  to  the 
General  Court;  in  1814  was  cho 
sen  a  State  Senator ;  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


3G9 


1815;  again  iu  1817;  in  181G  he 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Consti 
tutional  Convention  ;  was  appoint 
ed  Judge  of  the  Federal  District 
Court  in  1818.  In  1819  he  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Convention 
for  framing  a  Constitution  ;  and  in 
1820  was  appointed  Judge  of  Pro 
bate  for  Cumberland  County.  He 
was  five  times  elected  Governor  of 
Maine,  from  1821  to  1826;  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress  in  1827  and 
1828  ;  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  in  1828, 
holding  the  office  until  1830,  when  he 
became  Second  Comptroller  in  the 
Federal  Treasury  Department.  lie 
left  this  office  in  1850,  and  returned 
to  Portland,  of  which  city,  in  1852, 
he  was  elected  Mayor.  He  died  in 
Portland,  February  11,  1857. 

PARRIS,  VIRGIL  D. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1839  to  1841,  and 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  In 
dian  Affairs. 

PARROTT,  JOHN  F. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1817  to  1819;  and  a  Senator  of 
the  United  States,  from  1819  to 
1825;  and  in  1826  was  appointed 
Postmaster  at  Portsmouth,  New 
Hampshire.  He  died  in  Greenland, 
New  Hampshire,  July  9,  1836, 
aged  sixty-eight  years. 

PARROTT,  MARCUS  J. 
Born  at  Hamburg,  South  Caro 
lina,  October  27,  1828  ;  graduated 
24 


at  Dickinson  College,  Pennsylva 
nia,  in  1849;  is  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession,  having  studied  at  Cam 
bridge  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Ohio 
Legislature  in  1853  and  1854;  and 
was  elected  a  Delegate  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  from  Kansas  Terri 
tory. 

PARTRIDGE,  GEORGE. 

He  graduated  at  Harvard  Col 
lege  in  1762;  was  a  Delegate  to 
the  Continental  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts  ;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  after  the  adoption 
of  the  Constitution,  from  1789  to 
1791.  He  died  at  Duxbury,  Mas 
sachusetts,  July  7,  1828,  aged 
eighty-eight  years. 

PARTRIDGE,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  New  York  ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 

PATERSON,   WILLIAM. 

Born  at  sea,  of  Irish  parents,  in 
1745.  He  graduated  at  Princeton 
in  1763  ;  studied  law  and  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1769  ;  was  a  member 
of  the  Convention  which  formed 
the  first  Constitution  of  New  Jer 
sey  in  1776;  from  that  time  until 
the  year  1786  he  was  Attorney- 
General  of  the  State  ;  and  was  one 
of  the  first  Senators  in  Congress, 
from  1789  to  1790,  having  pre 
viously  been  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  which  formed  the  Federal 
Constitution.  He  was  Governor 
of  New  Jersey,  from  1791  to  1794, 
when  he  was  appointed,  by  the  Pre- 


370 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


sident,  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  which 
he  held  until  his  death  in  1806.  In 
1198  and  1799  he  revised,  by 
authority  of  the  Legislature,  the 
laws  of  New  Jersey,  a  work  highly 
esteemed  and  the  foundation  of  the 
jurisprudence  of  the  State.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  LL  D.  from 
Harvard  and  Dartmouth. 

PATON,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Delaware,  from  1792  to 
1793,  and  for  a  second  term  from 
1795  to  1797. 

PATTERSON,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  member,  for  four  years, 
of  the  Assembly  of  New  York ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1803  to  1805. 

PATTERSON,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1323  to 
1825. 

PATTERSON,    THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Lancaster  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania  ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1817  to  1825. 

PATTERSON,  THOMAS  J. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

PATTERSON,  WALTER. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Assem 
bly  of  New  York  in  1818,  from 


Columbia  County ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1821 
to  1823. 

PATTERSON,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
having  settled  in  Ohio,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1833  to  1838. 

PATTERSON,   WILLIAM. 

He  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1837  to  1839,  but  died  before  the 
expiration  of  his  term,  at  Warsaw, 
New  York,  August  14,  1838. 

PATTON,  JOHN  M. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia ;  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  law,  in 
which  he  was  successful ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1830  to  1838. 
He  died  in  October,  1858,  in  the 
sixty-second  year  of  his  age. 

PAULDING,   LEVI, 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1817  to  1819. 

PAULDING,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Tarrytown,  Westchester 
County,  New  York,  in  1769  ;  was 
educated  for  the  law  and  engaged 
in  a  lucrative  practice  in  New  York 
City.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
New  York  Convention  for  revising 
the  State  Constitution  in  1821 ;  and 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1811 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


371 


to  1813,  but  he  was  absent  from  his 
seat  during  the  session  in  which 
war  was  declared,  and  served  as 
general  of  militia  during  its  prose 
cution.  In  1S23  he  was  chosen 
Mayor  of  New  York,  after  which 
he  held  no  public  office.  He  died 
at  Tarrytown,  February  11,  1854. 

PAYNE,  WINTER  W. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Alabama,  from  1841  to  1847. 

PAYNTER,  LEMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Delaware,  and  on 
removing  to  Pennsylvania  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1841. 

PEARCE,  DUTEE  J. 
Born  in  1789,  and  died  at  New 
port,  Rhode  Island,  May  9,  1849. 
He  was  a  prominent  lawyer,  at  one 
time  Attorney-General  of  the  State, 
and  United  States  District  Attorney 
for  that  district,  and  a  Represenative 
in  Congress,  from  Rhode  Island, 
from  1825  to  1833;  and  again  from 
1835  to  1837. 

PEARCE,  JAMES  A. 
He  was  born  in  Alexandria,  Vir 
ginia,  December  14,  1805,  although  i 
of  a  Maryland  family  by  his  father's 
side.  He  graduated  at  Princeton 
College,  with  the  first  honors,  in 
1822;  was  bred  to  the  law,  but  has 
been  much  engaged  in  the  pursuits 
of  agriculture ;  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Maryland  Legislature  in  1831 ; 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1835  to  1839,  and 


from  1841  to  1843;  and  a  Senator 
in  Congress  from  1843  to  the  pre 
sent  time,  having  served  for  a  num 
ber  of  years  as  Chairman  of  the 
Joint  Committee  on  the  Library. 
He  has  also  held  the  post  of  Pro 
fessor  of  Law  in  Washington  Col 
lege,  Chestertown,  and  is  a  Regent 
of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

PEARCE,  JOHN  J. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1855  to  1857. 

PEARSON,  JOSEPH. 

Born  in  Rowan  County,  North 
Carolina,  and  died  at  Salisbury,  Oc 
tober  27,  1834.  He  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  served  two  years  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from 
1809  to  1815.  While  in  Congress 
he  fought  a  duel  with  the  Hon. 
John  J.  Jackson,  the  result  of  a  po 
litical  quarrel. 

PEASLEE,  CHARLES  II. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hamp 
shire;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1824,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1847  to  1853. 

PECK,  GEORGE  W. 
He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Michigan,  from  1855  to  1857. 

PECK,  JARED  V. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 


372 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


PECK,  LUCIUS  B. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1847  to  1851. 

PECK,  LUTHER  C. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1837  to  1841. 

PECKHAM,  RUFCS  AY. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

PEEK,   HERMANUS. 

He  was  born  in  Albany,  New 
York,  and  was  for  two  years  a  mem 
ber  of  the  New  York  Assembly, 
from  Schenectady  County,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1819  to  1821. 

PEGRAM,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1818  to  1819. 

PELTON,  GUY  R. 

Born  at  Great  Barrington,  Berk 
shire  County,  Massachusetts,  Au 
gust  3,  1825;  his  tastes,  from  early 
boyhood,  had  inclined  him  to  the 
study  of  law,  but  it  was  not  until  he 
had  attained  his  twentieth  year  that 
he  was  enabled  to  prosecute  his 
plans  for  a  professional  life,  having 
previously  to  that  time  remained 
upon  the  homestead  farm  with  his 
father.  He  spent  two  years  in  the 
academy  of  his  native  town,  and 


three  years  in  the  Connecticut  Lite 
rary  Institute,  after  which  he  de 
voted  one  year  to  teaching  at  Lee, 
Massachusetts,  and  at  Dover  Plains, 
New  York,  employing  his  leisure  in 
reading  elementary  works  on  law; 
he  then  entered  a  law-office  at  Kin- 
derhook,  and  completed  his  studies, 
being  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1850. 
In  1851  he  opened  a  law-office  in 
New  York  City,  and  in  1854  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress,  after  which 
he  returned  to  New  York,  and  re 
sumed  his  professional  labors. 

PENDLETON,  EDMUND  II. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1831 
to  1833. 

PENDLETON,  GEORGE  II. 

Born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  July, 
1825;  he  is  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  of  Ohio  in  1854  and  1855 ; 
and  was  elected  to  the  House  of 
Representatives  in  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  from  Ohio,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Mili 
tary  Affairs.  He  has  also  been  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

PENDLETON,  JOHN  S. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia ;  in 
1841  was  appointed  Charge  d'Af- 
fairesto  the  Republic  of  Chile ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1847, 
and  for  a  second  term,  ending  in 
1849. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


PENDLETON,  N.  G. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1841  to 
1843. 

PENN,  ALEXANDER  0. 
He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
having  settled  in  Louisiana,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

PENNIMAN,  EBENEZER  J. 

lie  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative,  in  Congress, 
from  Michigan,  from  1851  to  1853. 

PENNINGTON,  ALEXANDER  C.  M. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

PENNYBACKER,  ISAAC  S. 

Born  in  1806,  in  Shenandoah 
County,  Virginia  ;  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1837  to  1839;  and 
then  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of 
Western  Virginia ;  and  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  1845  to  1851. 
He  died  in  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  January  12,  1847. 

PERKINS,  BISHOP. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  having  settled  in  New  York, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

PERKINS,  ELIAS. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Connecticut,  from  1801 


to  1803,  having  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1786  ;  he  died  in  1845. 

PERKINS,  JARED. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

PERKINS,  JOHN,  Ju. 

lie  was  born  in  Louisiana,  July 
1,  1819.  He  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1840,  and  subsequently 
at  the  Law  School  of  Harvard  Col 
lege  ;  he  settled  for  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  New  Orleans,  but 
his  health  compelled  him  to  travel 
in  Europe;  on  his  return,  in  1851, 
he  was  chosen  a  Judge  of  the  Cir 
cuit  Court  of  Louisiana,  which  po 
sition  he  held  until  elected  to  Con 
gress,  in  1853,  where  he  advocated 
Democratic  measures,  and  remained 
until  1855,  serving  on  the  Commit 
tee  on  Foreign  Affairs.  He  is  now 
devoted  to  planting  in  Louisiana. 

PERRILL,  AUGUSTUS  L. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1847. 

PERRY,  JOHN  J. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress,  from  that 
State. 

PERRY,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1847. 


374 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


PETER,  GEORGE. 

Born  in  Georgetown,  Montgo 
mery  County,  Maryland,  (now  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,)  September  28, 
1779.  He  was  educated  at  private 
institutions  and  Georgetown  Col 
lege  ;  entered  the  United  States 
army  in  1799,  and  resigned  in  1809  ; 
served  as  a  major  of  volunteers  dur 
ing  the  war  of  1812  ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1816 
to  1819,  and  again  from  1825  to 
1827  ;  was  elected  twice  to  the 
State  Legislature ;  and  is  now  serv 
ing  the  public  as  Commissioner  of 
Public  Works  for  the  State  of  Mary 
land. 

PETRIE,  GEORGE. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

PETRIKEN,  DAVID. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837 
to  1841. 

PETTIGREW  EBENEZER. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1835  to  1837,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Expenses  in  the 
Navy  Department. 

PETTIS,  SPENCER. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
educated  a  lawyer,  and  on  taking 
up  his  residence  in  Missouri,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  where  he  served  from  1829 
to  1831. 


PETTIT,  JOHN. 

Born  at  Sackett's  Harbor,  Jeffer 
son  County,  New  York,  July  24, 
1807,  he  received  a  good  education, 
and  studied  law,  and  removed  to 
Lafayette,  Indiana,  in  1831,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature, 
United  States  District  Attorney, 
and  served  in  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  in  Congress,  from  1843 
to  1847,  and  in  the  United  States 
Senate,  from  1853  to  1855.  In 
1850  he  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention,  and  has 
twice  held  the  office  of  Circuit 
Judge,  and  is  now  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession. 

PETTIT,  JOHN  U. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ;  gra 
duated  at  Union  College  in  1839; 
studied  law,  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Wa- 
bash,  Indiana,  in  1841.  He  went 
as  United  States  Consul  to  Maran- 
ham,  Brazil,  in  1850;  and  on  his 
return,  in  1853,  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Upper  Wabash  Cir 
cuit  Court  of  Indiana;  and  was 
elected  to  Congress,  as  a  Repre 
sentative  of  that  State  in  1854,  and 
was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Joint  Committee  on  the  Library. 
He  has  been  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

PEYTON,  BAILIE. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  law ;  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


375 


was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1837 ; 
he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Fillmore,  Minister  to  Brazil;  was 
subsequently  elected  United  States 
District  Attorney  for  Louisiana ; 
and  is  now  settled  at  San  Fran 
cisco,  California,  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession. 

PEYTON,  JOSEPH  H. 

He  was  frequently  elected  to  the 
Senate  of  Tennessee,  held  many 
other  local  positions  of  high  cha 
racter,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1843  to  1845. 

PEYTON,  SAMUEL  0. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  in  1847,  and 
after  serving  one  term,  was  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on  P  ub- 
lic  Grounds. 

PHELPS,  ELISIIA. 

He  was  a  native  of  Simsbury, 
Connecticut ;  born  in  November, 
1779;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1 800,  and  studied  law  at  Litch- 
field.  He  was  several  times  a  mem 
ber  of  the  House  of  Representa 
tives  and  of  the  Senate  of  his  native 
State.  He  was  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  in  the  Legisla 
ture  in  1821  and  1829  ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Con 
necticut,  from  1819  to  1821,  and 
also  from  1825  to  1829  ;  was  Comp 
troller  of  the  State  from  1830  to 
1834,  and  in  1835  was  appointed 


'  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  revise 

!  the   statutes   of  Connecticut.     He 

died  at  Simsbury,  in  April,  1847. 

PHELPS,  JOHN  SMITH. 

He  was  born  in  Simsbury,  Hart 
ford  County,  Connecticut,  Decem 
ber  22,  1814;  was  educated  at 
Washington  (now  Trinity)  College, 
Hartford,  Connecticut,  and  studied 
law  in  the  office  of  his  father,  Elisha 
Phelps.  He  practiced  law  a  short 
time  in  his  native  State,  and  in 
1837  emigrated  to  Missouri,  and  set 
tled  at  Springfield,  Greene  County, 
near  which  town  he  now  resides. 
In  1840  he  was  chosen  by  the  peo 
ple  of  Greene  County  to  represent 
them  in  the  Legislature.  In  1844 
he  was  elected  a  Representative  to 
the  Twenty-ninth  Congress,  serving 
in  that  position  until  the  present 
|  time.  He  is  now  Chairman  of  the 
;  Committee  of  Ways  and  Means, 
and  has  been  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

PHELPS,  LAUNCELOT. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1835  to  1839. 

PHELPS,  OLIVER. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1803 
to  1805,  and  a  member  of  the  As 
sembly  of  that  State,  from  Ontario 
County,  in  1834. 

PHELPS,  SAMUEL  S. 

He  was  born  in  Litchfield,  Con 
necticut,  May  13,  1793,  and  died 


376 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


March  25,  1855,  in  Middlebury, 
Yermont.  He  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1811,  and  while  studying 
law,  in  1812,  he  entered  the  Ame 
rican  army,  and  before  the  close  of 
his  military  career,  was  appointed 
paymaster.  He  settled  in  Middle- 
bury,  and  practiced  law.  In  1827 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Council  of 
Censors,  and  wrote  the  address 
issued  by  that  body.  In  1831  he 
was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Legis 
lative  Council  of  Yermont,  and  was 
soon  afterwards  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  in 
which  position  he  remained  until 
1838.  He  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1839  to  1854,  in  which 
body  he  displayed  abilities  of  a  high 
order. 

PHELP?,  WILLIAM  W. 

He  was  born  in  Oakland  County, 
Michigan,  June  1,  1826;  he  gra 
duated  at  the  University  of  Michi 
gan  in  1846;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1848  ;  and 
edited  a  Democratic  newspaper,  in 
Oakland  County,  from  1851  to  1855. 
In  1852  and  1853  he  held  the  of 
fice  of  Commissioner  for  his  native 
county,  performing  the  duties  of 
Judge  at  Chambers ;  in  1854  was 
appointed,  by  President  Pierce,  Re 
gister  of  the  United  States  Land- 
office  at  Red  Wing,  in  Minnesota  ; 
and  in  1857  he  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  from  that  State.  He  is  at 
the  present  time  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Mileage. 


PHILLIPS,  HENRY  M. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania ; 
elected  a  Representative,  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Finance. 

PHILLIPS,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania? from  1821 
to  1823. 

PHILLIPS,  PHILLIP. 

Born  in  Charleston,  South  Caro 
lina,  December  13,  1807,  and  was 
educated  at  the  Norwich  Military 
Academy,  in  Yermont,  and  at  Mid- 
dletown,  Connecticut.  In  1825  he 
commenced  the  study  of  law  in 
Charleston,  and  on  the  day  after 
attaining  his  majority,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.  He  entered  public  life 
by  becoming  a  member  of  the  Nulli 
fication  Convention  in  1832,  and 
voted  with  the  minority ;  in  1834 
he  was  elected,  for  two  years,  to  the 
State  Legislature;  in  1835  he  re 
signed  ;  removed  to  Mobile,  Ala 
bama,  and  practiced  his  profession 
with  success;  in  1837  was  elected 
President  of  the  Alabama  Democra 
tic  State  Convention  ;  in  1844  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Fe 
deral  Relations  ;  in  1849  was  presi 
dent  of  an  internal  improvement  con 
vention;  in  1851  was  again  elected  to 
the  Legislature  ;  in  1852  went  to  the 
Baltimore  Convention ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Alabama,  from  1853  to  1855,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


377 


declined  a  re-election.  Since  that 
time  he  lias  practiced  his  profession 
in  Washington  City. 

PHILLIPS,  STEPHEN  CLARENDON. 

lie  was  born  in  Salem,  Massa 
chusetts,  November  1,  1801 ;  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  College  in  1819, 
with  high  honors ;  began  to  study 
law,  but  sfon  became  a  merchant. 
From  1824  to  1829,  by  annual  re- 
elections,  he  was  chosen  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  State  Legislature 
from  Salem  ;  from  1830  to  1831  he 
was  State  Senator,  and  in  1832  and 
1833  was  again  a  member  of  the 
House.  From  1834  to  1838  he 
worthily  represented  Massachusetts 
in  Congress.  From  December,  1838, 
to  March,  1842,  he  was  Mayor  of 
Salem,  and  upon  his  voluntary  re 
tirement  devoted  the  whole  of  his 
salary  as  Mayor  to  the  public 
schools  of  the  city.  In  1840  he 
was  one  of  the  Presidential  Electors 
for  Massachusetts,  and  in  1848  and 
1849  was  the  Free-Soil  Candidate 
for  Governor.  He  held  various 
State  and  private  trusts,  in  the  dis 
charge  of  which,  by  his  ability,  sa 
gacity,  experience,  and  integrity, 
he  rendered  signal  service.  He  was 
for  many  years  a  member  of  the 
State  Board  of  Education,  and  a 
Trustee  of  the  State  Lunatic  Hos 
pital  at  Worcester.  He  retired 
from  public  life  in  1849,  and  was 
extensively  engaged  in  the  lumber 
ing  business.  He  was  lost  by  the 
burning  of  the  steamer  Montreal, 
on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  June 
26, 1857,  while  returning  from  Que 


bec,  whither  he  had  been  on  busi 
ness  to  Three  Rivers,  the  head 
quarters  of  his  operations  in  Canada. 

IMIILSON,  ROBERT. 

He  was  born  in  Donegal,  Ireland, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1819 
to  1821. 

PH(ENIX,  J.  PHILIP. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1843  to  1845  ;  a 
member  of  the  State  Assembly  in 
1848,  from  New  York  City  ;  and 
again  in  Congress  from  1849  to 
1851. 

PICKENS,  ANDREW. 

He  was  born  at  Paxton,  Penn 
sylvania,  September  19,  1739,  and 
removed  with  his  father,  in  1752, 
to  the  Waxhaw  Settlement,  in  South 
Carolina;  he  served  as  a  volunteer 
in  Grant's  expedition  against  the 
Cherokees,  and  was  an  active  mili 
tary  partisan  during  the  Revolu 
tion.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  from  the  close  of 
the  war  until  1793,  when  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1793  to  1795.  In  1795 
he  was  commissioned  major-general 
of  the  South  Carolina  militia,  and 
was  frequently  a  Commissioner  to 
treat  with  the  Indians.  He  was 
Governor  of  the  State,  from  1816 
to  1817.  He  died  at  Pendleton 
District,  South  Carolina,  August 
17,  1817. 


178 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


PICKENS,  FRANCIS  W. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1835 
to  1845. 

PICKENS,  ISRAEL. 

Born  in  Cabarrus  County,  North 
Carolina ;  served  one  year  in  the 
State  Legislature  ;  was  a  Represen 
tative  from  that  State  in  Congress, 
from  1811  to  1817,  in  which  year 
he  was  appointed  Register  of  the 
Land  office  of  Mississippi  Terri 
tory  ;  on  removing  to  Alabama,  he 
was  elected  Governor  of  that  State, 
in  1821. 

PICKERING,  TIMOTHY 

Was  born  in  Salem,  Massachu 
setts,  July  IT,  1745;  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  17 63,  and  after 
the  usual  course  of  professional  stu 
dies,  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of 
law.  When  the  dissensions  between 
the  mother  country  and  our  own 
commenced,  he  soon  became  the 
champion  and  leader  of  the  Whigs 
of  the  quarter  where  he  lived.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Committees  of 
Inspection  and  Correspondence,  and 
bore  the  entire  burden  of  writing. 
The  addresses  which,  in  1774,  the 
inhabitants  of  Salem,  in  full  town- 
meeting,  voted  to  Governor  Gage, 
on  the  occasion  of  the  Boston  Port- 
Bill,  proceeded  from  his  pen.  A 
part  of  it,  disclaiming  any  wish  on 
the  part  of  the  inhabitants  of  Salem, 
to  profit  by  the  closing  of  the  port 
of  Boston,  is  quoted  by  Dr.  Ram 


say,  in  his  History  of  the  American 
Revolution.  In  April,  1775,  on  re 
ceiving  intelligence  of  the  battle  of 
Lexington,  he  marched  with  the  re 
giment  of  which  he  was  at  the  time 
commander,  to  Charlestown,  but 
had  not  an  opportunity  of  coming 
to  action.  Before  the  close  of  the 
same  year,  when  the  provisional 
government  was  organising,  he  was 
appointed  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  Essex, 
his  native  county ;  and  sole  Judge 
of  the  Maritime  Court  (which  had 
cognizance  of  all  prize  causes)  for 
the  Middle  District,  comprehending 
Boston,  with  Salem  and  the  other 
ports  in  Essex.  These  offices  he 
held  until  he  accepted  an  appoint 
ment  in  the  army.  In  1777  he  was 
named  adjutant-general,  by  Wash 
ington,  and  joined  the  army  then  at 
Middlebrook,  New  Jersey.  He  con 
tinued  with  the  Commander-in- 
chief  until  the  American  forces  went 
into  winter  quarters  at  Yalley  Forge, 
having  been  present  at  the  battles 
of  Brandywine  and  Germantown. 
He  then  proceeded  to  discharge  the 
duties  of  a  member  of  the  Conti 
nental  Board  of  War,  to  which  he 
had  been  elected  by  Congress,  then 
sitting  at  Yorktown,  Pennsylvania. 
In  this  station  he  remained  until  he 
was  appointed  to  succeed  General 
Greene  in  the  office  of  quartermas 
ter-general,  which  he  retained  dur 
ing  the  residue  of  the  war,  and  in 
which  he  contributed  much  to  the 
surrender  of  Corwallis  at  Yorktown. 
From  1790  to  1794  he  was  charged, 
by  President  Washington,  with  se- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


379 


veral  negotiations  with  the  Indian 
nations  on  our  frontiers.  In  1791 
he  was  also  made  Postmaster-Gene 
ral  ;  and  in  1794  removed  from  that 
station  to  the  Secretaryship  of  War, 
on  the  resignation  of  General  Knox. 
In  1795  he  was  appointed  Secre 
tary  of  State  in  the  place  of  Mr. 
Randolph.  From  that  office  he  was 
removed,  by  President  Adams,  in 
1800.  At  the  end  of  the  year  1801 
he  returned  to  Massachusetts.  In 
1803  the  Legislature  of  that  State 
chose  him  a  Senator  to  Congress, 
for  the  residue  of  the  term  of 
Dwight  Foster,  who  had  resigned  ; 
and  in  1805  re-elected  him  to  the 
same  station  for  the  term  of  six 
years.  After  its  expiration,  in  1811, 
he  was  chosen,  by  the  Legislature, 
a  member  of  the  Executive  Council, 
and  during  the  war  of  1812  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  War  for  the  defence  of  the  State. 
In  1814  he  was  returned  to  Con 
gress,  and  held  his  seat  until  March, 
1817.  He  then  finally  retired  to 
private  life.  His  death  took 
place  January  29,  1829.  In  his 
manners,  Colonel  Pickering  was 
plain  and  unassuming.  In  public 
life  he  was  distinguished  for  energy, 
ability,  and  disinterestedness ;  as  a 
soldier  he  was  brave  and  patriotic  ; 
and  his  writings  bear  ample  testi 
mony  to  his  talents  and  information. 
He  was  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 
Federal  party  in  the  United  States. 

PICKMAN,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  born  in  1763;  graduated 
at  Cambridge  in  1784  ;  visited  Eu 


rope,  and  on  his  return  studied  law, 
and,  though  admitted  to  the  bar, 
abandoned  that  profession,  devoting 
himself  to  mercantile  pursuits.  In 
1800  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  re-elected  a  num 
ber  of  years  to  the  State  Senate ; 
in  1807  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Executive  Council;  was  a  Repre- 

i  sentative  in  Congress,  from  1809  to 
1811;  and  in  1820  was  a  member 

:  of  the  Convention  for  revising  the 
State  Constitution.  lie  also  held 
many  other  offices  of  trust  and  ho 
nor,  and  died  at  Salem,  Massachu 
setts,  in  August,  1843. 

PIERCE,  FRANKLIN. 

Was  born  in  the  town  of  Hills- 
borough,  New  Hampshire,  in  1S04, 
and  after  completing  his  academical 
studies,  entered  Bowdoin  College, 
Maine.  On  leaving  college  he  com 
menced  his  legal  studies  at  North 
ampton,  Massachusetts,  but  subse 
quently  returned  to  his  native  State, 
and  finished  his  studies  at  Amherst. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and 
;  commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  in  his  native  town ;  but  be 
fore  the  end  of  two  years  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature,  and  during  his 
second  year's  service  was  chosen 
Speaker  of  the  House.  In  183S* 
he  was  elected  to  Congress,  and  re 
mained  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  four  years.  In 
1837  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
United  States  Senate,  but,  after  five. 
!  years'  service  in  that  body,  resigned 
;  his  seat.  He  settled  in  Concord, 


380 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


and  resumed  his  practice  at  the  bar. 
He  adhered  to  his  resolution  of  ac 
cepting  no  political  office,  declined 
to  be  a  candidate  for  Governor  of 
the  State,  or  United  States  Senator? 
and  refused  the  offices  of  Attorney- 
General  and  Secretary  of  War,  which 
were  tendered  him  by  President 
Polk.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Mexican  war,  however,  he  enrolled 
himself  as  a  private  soldier  in  the 
New  England  Regiment,  but  Presi 
dent  Polk  sent  him  a  colonel's  com 
mission,  and  subsequently  raised 
him  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general 
in  March,  184T.  He  was  in  most 
of  the  battles  which  were  fought  be 
tween  Vera  Cruz  and  the  City  of 
Mexico.  On  the  restoration  of 
peace  between  the  two  countries,  he 
resigned  his  commission,  and  re 
turned  home,  where  he  remained, 
comparatively  unobserved,  until  the 
action  of  the  Baltimore  Democratic 
Convention  gave  him  a  new  import 
ance  throughout  the  Union.  He 
was  nominated  by  that  body  as  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  the  Pre 
sidency.  He  was  elected  President 
of  the  United  States  in  November, 

1852,  was   inaugurated   March  4, 

1853,  and  served  to  the  end  of  his 
term,  after  which  he  retired  to  pri 
vate  life.     The  best  biography  of 
him  was  written   by  his   personal 
friend,  Nathaniel  Hawthorne. 

PIERCE,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  during 
the  years  1801  and  1802. 


PIERSON,  ISAAC. 

He  was  born  August  15,  1770, 
and  died  September  22,  1833,  in 
New  Jersey.  He  was  educated  at 
Princeton  College,  graduating  in 
1789,  and  was  subsequently  a  Fel 
low  of  the  College  of  Surgeons  and 
Physicians  of  New  York.  He 
practiced  medicine  for  forty  years ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1827 
to  1831. 

PIERSON,  JEREMIAH  H. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1821 
to  1823. 

PIERSON,  JOB. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1831 
to  1835. 

PIKE,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  November,  1818; 
was  educated  at  the  Wesleyan  Uni 
versity,  in  Connecticut;  was  a 
minister  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  from  1841  to  1854;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
New  Hampshire,  in  the  Thirty- 
fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Enrolled  Bills. 

PILLSBURY,  TIMOTHY. 

He  was  born  in  Newbury,  Mas 
sachusetts,  April  12,  1789;  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education  ; 
spent  two  years  as  a  clerk  in  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


store,  and  several  subsequent  years 
as  a  sailor  and  coasting  trader, 
making  one  trip  to  Europe,  as  cap 
tain  of  a  brig ;  settled  in  Maine, 
and  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  Executive  Council ;  also  served 
in  the  State  Legislature  ;  went  from 
Maine  to  Ohio,  thence  to  Louisiana, 
and  finally  to  Texas ;  he  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives  of  Texas ; 
and  when  that  'Republic  came  into 
the  Union  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1846  to 
1849.  lie  died  near  Danville, 
Texas,  November  23,  1858. 

riNCKNEY,  CHARLES. 

Born  in  Charleston,  South  Caro 
lina,  in  1758;  was  a  patriot  in  the 
revolutionary  struggle  ;  received  the 
degree  of  LL.  D.  from  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1787;  and  in  1787  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Convention  which 
framed  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States.  He  was  Governor 
of  South  Carolina,  from  1789  to 
1792,  and  from  1796  to  1798.  He 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1798  to  1801,  and  was  appointed,  in 
1802,  Minister  to  Spain,  by  Presi 
dent  Jefferson,  holding  that  posi 
tion  till  1805.  He  was  subsequently 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1819  to  1821,  and  died  October  29, 
1824. 

1'ISCKNEY,  H.  L. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1833  to 
1837 


HNCKNEY,   THOMAS. 

He  was  a  soldier  of  the  American 
Revolution  ;  was  elected  Governor 
of  South  Carolina  in  1787  ;  was  ap 
pointed  Minister  to  Great  Britain 
by  Washington  ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress  from  1799  to 
1801.  He  died  in  1828. 

PINCKNEY  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Annapolis,  Maryland, 
March  17,  17(>5.  Having  prepared 
himself  for  the  bar,  under  the  in 
struction  of  Judge  Chase,  he  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  17S6,  and 
immediately  gave  promise  of  high 
distinction.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  which  ratified  the 
Federal  Constitution,  and  from  1789 
to  1792  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  and  then  a  member  of  the 
Executive  Council,  and  made  its 
President,  In  1795  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Legislature.  In 
17 96  he  was  a  Commissioner  under 
Jay's  treaty,  in  conjunction  with 
Mr.  Gore,  and  remained  in  London 
eight  years.  He  recovered  for  Mary 
land  a  claim  on  the  Bank  of  England 
for  $800,000.  In  1806  he  was  Envoy 
Extraordinary  to  England,  and  in 
1808,  on  the  return  of  Mr.  Monroe, 
was  made  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 
He  returned  to  the  United  States, 
and  settled  in  Baltimore,  in  1811, 
and  was  soon  after  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate.  In  December,  1811, 
he  was  appointed  Attorney-General, 
and  remained  in  that  position  until 
1814.  He  commanded  a  battalion 
of  riflemen,  and  was  wounded  at 
Bladensburg,  in  August,  1814.  He 


382 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1815  to  1816,  and  then  made 
Minister  to  Russia  and  Envoy  to 
Naples.  On  his  return,  in  1819,  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  United 
States  Senate,  and  continued  in  that 
station  until  his  death,  February 
25,  1822.  He  possessed  splendid 
talents,  and  was  one  of  the  most  ac 
complished  orators  and  statesmen  of 
his  time. 

PINDELL,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1817  to  1820. 

PIPER,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1811 
to  1819. 

PITCHER,  NATHANIEL. 

He  was  born  at  Litchfield,  Con 
necticut  ;  and  was  a  member  of  the 
New  York  Legislature  in  1806, 
1815,  1816,  and  1817  ;  a  delegate 
to  the  State  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  1821;  at  one  time  Lieute- 
nant-Governor  and  acting  Governor 
of  the  State ;  at  another,  Commis 
sioner  to  survey  the  State  roads ; 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1819  to  1823, 
and  again  from  1831  to  1833. 

PITKIN,  TIMOTHY. 

Born  in  Farmington,  Connecti 
cut,  in  1765,  and  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1785.  He  was  for  seve 
ral  years  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature,  and  Speaker  of  the 


House  during  five  sessions,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1805  to  1819.  In  1816  he  pub 
lished  "A  Statistical  View  of  the 
Commerce  of  the  United  States," 
and  in  1828  his  "Political  and  Civil 
History  of  the  United  States,  from 
1763  to  the  close  of  Washington's 
Administration."  He  died  in  New 
Haven,  December  18,  1847. 

PITMAN,  CHARLES  W. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1849  to 
1851. 

PLANT,  DAVID. 

Was  a  native  of  Stratford,  Con 
necticut,  and  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1804.  In  1819  and  1820 
he  was  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives;  in  1821  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Senate,  and  was 
twice  re-elected.  From  1823  to 
1827  he  was  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  the  State,  and  from  1827  to  1829 
a  Representative  in  Congress.  He 
died  October  18,  1851. 

PLATER,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative,  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1801  to 
1805. 

PLATT,  JONAS. 

Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  York,  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1799  to  1801,  and  died  in  Peru, 
Clinton  County,  New  York,  in 
1834. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


PLEASANTS,  JAMES. 

Born  in  Virginia,  in  1709,  and 
died  at  Goochland  County,  Novem 
ber  9,  183(5.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1811  to 
1819,  United  States  Senator,  from 
1819  to  1822,  Governor  of  Virgi 
nia,  from  1822  to  1825,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  of  1829-30, 
for  amending  the  State  Constitu 
tion.  He  was  twice  appointed  to 
the  bench,  but  declined,  from  a  dis 
trust  of  his  own  qualifications.  He 
was  a  man  of  rare  modesty,  greatly 
respected  and  esteemed  for  public 
and  private  virtues. 

PLUMER,  ARNOLD. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1837  to  1839,  and 
again  from  1841  to  1843. 

PLUMER,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1821  to  1827. 

PLUMER,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  at  Newburyport, 
Massachusetts,  June  25,  1759  ;  re 
ceived  a  good  education;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1787  ;  was  for  many  years  Solicitor 
for  the  County  of  Rockingham;  he 
was  for  eight  years  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature,  and  two 
years  Speaker  of  the  House  ;  served 
as  a  member,  and  President  of  the 
State  Senate.  He  was  also  Go 
vernor  of  Xew  Hampshire  for  four 
years ;  and  was  a  Senator  in  Con 


gress,  from  that  State,  from  1802 
to  1807.  He  died  at  Epping,  New 
Hampshire,  December  22,  1850. 

PLUMER,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Kpping,  New  Hamp 
shire,  in  1790,  and  died,  Septem 
ber  18,  1854.  He  graduated  at 
Cambridge  in  1809,  studied  law, 
but  never  practiced  his  profession. 
He  frequently  served  in  the  State 
Legislature,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1819  to 
1825, — his  father,  whose  name  he 
bore,  having  been  a  United  States 
Senator  in  1802,  from  the  same 
State.  He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  Convention  to  form  a  new  State 
Constitution,  in  1850. 

PLUMMER,  FRANKLIN  E. 

He  was  at  one  time  a  Judge  of 
the  Circuit  Court  of  Mississippi, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1831  to  1833, 
and  again  from  1833  to  1835.  He 
died  at  Jackson,  Mississippi,  Sep 
tember  24,  1852. 

POINDEXTER,  GEORGE. 

He  was  the  second  Governor  of 
Mississippi,  under  the  State  Con 
stitution,  from  1819  to  1821;  was 
a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from  the 
Territory,  from  1807  to  1813,  when 
he  was  appointed  Federal  Judge  of 
the  Territory ;  he  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1817 
to  1819,  and  United  States  Se 
nator,  from  Mississippi,  from  1831 
to  1835.  He  died  in  Jackson,  Mis 
sissippi,  September  5,  1853. 


384 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


POINSETT,  JOEL  R. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
in  1779;  spent  the  most  of  his 
youth  in  traveling  in  foreign  coun 
tries  ;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1821  to  1825 ;  was  appointed,  by 
President  John  Q.  Adams,  United 
States  Minister  to  Mexico ;  he  was 
Secretary  of  War  under  President 
Yan  Buren;  and  from  1840  until 
his  death  he  lived  in  retirement. 
He  was  a  man  of  letters,  and,  among 
other  things,  wrote  an  interesting 
book  on  Mexico  He  died  in  State- 
burg,  South  Carolina,  December 
14,  1851. 

POLK,  JAMES  KNOX. 

Born  in  Mecklenburg  County, 
North  Carolina,  November  2,  1795  ; 
removed  with  his  father,  in  1806,  to 
Tennessee,  and  lived  in  the  valley 
of  Duck  River,  a  branch  of  the 
Cumberland.  He  graduated  at  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  in 
1815 ;  studied  law  in  Tennessee 
with  Felix  Grundy,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1820  ;  he  was 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  in  Congress,  from  1825  to 
1839,  and  Speaker  in  that  body 
from  1835  to  1837;  and  was  elected 
Governor  of  Tennessee,  in  1839,  for 
two  years.  In  December,  1844, 
the  Electors  chose  him  President 
of  the  United  States;  and  during 
his  eventful  administration  the  Ore 
gon  question  was  settled,  Texas  an 
nexed,  war  with  Mexico  declared, 
and  New  Mexico  and  California 


were  acquired.     He  died  at  Nash 
ville,  Tennessee,  June  15,  1849. 

POLK,  TRUSTEN. 

He  was  born  in  Sussex  County, 
Delaware,  May  29,  1811;  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1831 ;  stu 
died  law  at  the  Yale  Law  School ; 
and  in  1835  he  emigrated  to  Mis 
souri,  where  he  commenced  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession.  In  1845, 
while  absent  from  Missouri  for  the 
benefit  of  his  health,  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Convention  called 
to  remodel  the  State  Constitution; 
in  185G  he  was  elected  Governor  of 
Missouri,  and  inaugurated  January, 
1857,  but  soon  resigned  for  a  seat  in 
the  United  States  Senate,  to  which 
he  was  elected  for  the  term  of  six 
years,  from  March  4,  1857.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Committees  on 
Foreign  Affairs  and  on  Claims. 

POLK,  WILLIAM  II. 

He  was  born  in  Maury  County, 
Tennessee,  May  24, 1815  ;  educated 
at  Chapel  Hill,  North  Carolina,  and 
the  University  of  Tennessee;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1839;  in  1841  and  1843,  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature  ; 
was  appointed,  by  President  Tyler, 
Charge  d'Affaires  to  Naples,  where 
he  negotiated  a  treaty  with  the  two 
Sicilies  ;  served  as  a  major  of  dra 
goons  in  the  Mexican  war;  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Nashville  Conven 
tion,  in  1850;  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Tennessee  from 
1851  to  1853. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


POLLOCK,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1831;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1843  to  1849. 

POND,  BENJAMIN. 
He  served  four  years  in  the  As 
sembly  of  New  York,  from  Essex 
County,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1811  to  1813. 

POPE,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Prince  William 
County,  Virginia,  in  1770;  having 
lost  one  arm,  by  accident,  he  de 
termined  to  study  law,  and  attained 
eminence  at  the  bar ;  he  removed 
to  Kentucky,  and  served  a  number 
of  years  in  the  Legislature  ;  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1807  to  1813  ;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1837  to  1843.  In  1829  he  was  ap 
pointed  Governor  of  the  Territory 
of  Arkansas,  and  died  in  Kentucky 
in  1842. 

POPE,  NATHANIEL. 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
from  the  Territory  of  Illinois,  from 
1810  to  1818,  in  which  year  he  was 
appointed  Register  of  the  Land- 
office,  in Edwardsville,  Illinois;  and 
was  appointed,  in  1819,  Federal 
Judge  of  the  Illinois  District. 

POPE,  PATRICK  H. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 


at   Louisville,   Kentucky,  in   May, 
1841. 

PORT  EH,  ALEXANDER. 

Born  in  Ireland  in  1780,  and  his 
father  having  fallen  a  victim  there 
during  the  disturbances  of  17!)8,  he 
emigrated  to  America,  and  settled 
at  Nashville,  Tennessee.  lie  at 
first  engaged  in  commerce,  but 
afterwards  studied  law,  and  re 
moved  to  Louisiana  about  the  year 
1809,  where  he  soon  acquired  dis 
tinction.  He  assisted  in  forming 
the  Constitution  of  the  State,  and 
became  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Louisiana ;  and  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1834  to 
1837.  He  died  at  Attukapas, 
Louisiana,  January  13,  1844. 

PORTER,  AUGUSTUS  S. 

Born  in  Canandaigua,  New  York, 
January  18,  1798 ;  graduated  at 
Union  College  in  1818;  studied 
law,  as  a  profession,  and  practiced 
for  twenty  years  in  Detroit,  Michi 
gan,  of  which  city  he  was  chosen 
Mayor  in  1838.  He  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Michigan,  from 
1840  to  1845,  and  in  1848  he  re 
moved  to  Niagara  Falls,  the  resi 
dence  of  his  father,  where  he  has 
since  lived  in  retirement. 

PORTER,  GILCIHUST. 
He   was   born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Missouri,  from  1851  to  1857. 


He 


POUTER,  JAMES. 
was  a  member  of  the  New 


gress,  from  1833  to  1835,  and  died  j   York  Assembly,  in  1814  and  1815, 
25 


386 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1811 
to  1819. 

PORTER,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1806 
to  1811. 

PORTER,  PETER  B. 

He  was  born  in  It 73,  a  native 
of  Salisbury,  Connecticut,  and  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1791. 
He  completed  his  law  studies  at 
Litchfield,  and  emigrated  to  West 
ern  New  York.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1809  to  1813,  and  from 
1815  to  1816.  As  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Foreign  Rela 
tions,  he  reported  the  resolutions 
authorizing  immediate  and  active 
preparations  for  war;  and  in  1816 
was  appointed  Commissioner  under 
the  treaty  of  Ghent.  In  1813  he 
was  made  major-general,  and  chief 
in  command  of  the  State  troops, 
and  in  1815  he  received,  from  Pre 
sident  Madison,  the  appointment 
of  commander-in-chief  of  the  Uni 
ted  States  army,  which  he  declined. 
Soon  after  the  war,  he  was  chosen 
Secretary  of  the  State  of  New 
York.  In  1828  he  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  War,  by  President 
Adams.  He  died  at  Niagara  Falls, 
March  20,  1844,  aged  seventy-one 
years. 

PORTER,  TIMOTHY  H. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
served  five  years  in  the  Assembly 


of  that  State,  and  also  five  years  in 
the  State  Senate,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1825  to  1827. 

POSEY,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Louisiana,  from  1812  to  1813. 
He  died,  March  19,  1818. 

POST,  JOTIIAM. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly,  for  four  years,  from 
the  City  of  New  York,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1813  to  1815. 

POTTER,  ELISIIA  11. 

He  filled,  for  forty  years,  a  large 
space  in  the  political  transactions 
of  Rhode  Island,  having  been  for 
twenty-five  years  a  member  of  the 
General  Assembly,  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1796  to  1797,  and  from 
1809  to  1815.  He  was  a  man  of 
superior  talents,  and  died  at  South 
Kingston,  Rhode  Island,  September 
26,  1835. 

POTTER,  ELISIIA  R.,  JR. 

He  was  born  in  Rhode  Island, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1845. 

POTTER,  EMERY  D. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1843  to  1845,  and 
again  from  1849  to  1851. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


387 


POTTER,  JOHN  F. 

Born  iu  Augusta,  Maine,  May 
11,  1817;  educated  at  Philips's 
Academy,  New  Hampshire  ;  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  of  Wiscon 
sin  in  1850,  and  Judge  of  Walworth 
County,  from  1842  to  1840,  and 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  j 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Re 
volutionary  Pensions.  He  has  been 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

POTTER,  ROBERT. 

Born  in  Granville  County,  North 
Carolina.  He  entered  the  navy  as 
a  midshipman,  but  resigned  this 
position,  and  studied  law.  He  en 
tered  the  State  Legislature  in  1820, 
and  was  in  Congress,  from  1829  to 
1831.  He  was  a  second  time  in 
the  Legislature,  but  owing  to  an 
outrage  that  he  committed  upon  the 
persons  of  two  men,  of  whom  he 
was  jealous,  he  lost  all  political  in 
fluence,  and  removing  to  Texas,  was 
killed  in  a  private  brawl. 

POTTER,  SAMUEL  J. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Rhode  Island,  during  the  years 
1803  and  1804,  having  died  in  Oc 
tober  of  the  latter  year,  aged  fifty- 
four  years. 

POTTER,  WILLIAM  W. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1837 
to  1839,  and  died  at  Bellefonte,  in 
that  State,  October  28,  1839. 


POTTLE,  EMORY  P. 

Born  in  Naples,  New  York  ;  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession  ;  was  once  in 
the  Legislature  of  New  York  ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  that 
State,  serving  on  the  Committee 
on  Expenditures  in  the  Navy  De 
partment.  He  has  also  been  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

POTTS,  DAVID,  JR. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1831 
to  1839. 

POTTS,  RICHARD. 

He  was  Governor  of  Maryland 
during  the  years  1781  and  17*2; 
and  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1792  to  1790.  He 
received  from  Princeton  College,  in 
1805,  the  degree  of  LL.D. 

POWELL,  ALFRED  II. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1825  to  1827. 

POWELL,  CUTIIBERT. 

He  was  at  one  time  Mayor  of 
Alexandria,  in  Virginia,  and  on  his 
removal  to  Loudon  County,  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature ;  was  sub 
sequently  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1841  to  1843.  He  died 
at  Langollen,  Virginia,  May  8, 
1849. 


388 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


POWELL,  LEVIN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1799  to 
1801.  I 

POWELL,  PAULUS. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
having  been  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
in  1849,  has  continued  in  that  ca 
pacity  to  the  present  time,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Navy  Depart 
ment,  and  that  on  Post-offices  and 
Post-roads. 

POWELL,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1815 
to  1817. 

POWERS,  GERSHOM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1829 
to  1831. 

POYDRAS,  JULIAN. 

He  was  a  Delegate  in  Congress, 
from  the  Territory  of  Louisiana, 
from  1809  to  1812. 

PRATT,  JAMES  T. 

He  was  born  in  Middletown  in 
1805 ;  was  bred  a  farmer,  which 
occupation  he  still  follows ;  has 
served  in  the  Connecticut  Legisla 
ture  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1853  to  1855. 

PRATT,  THOMAS  G. 

He  was  born  in  Washington  City 
in  1800;  was  educated  at  Prince 


ton  College;  was  bred  a  lawyer; 
was  Governor  of  Maryland,  from 
1844  to  1848,  and  was  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1851  to  1857. 

PRATT,  ZADOCK. 

Was  born  at  Stephentown,  Rens- 
selaer  County,  New  York,  October 
30,  1790.  He  commenced  in  early 
life  without  means,  but  by  his  in 
dustry  gained  a  large  fortune.  De 
voting  his  attention  to  tanning,  he 
attained  eminent  success  in  that 
branch  of  the  mechanic  arts,  and 
his  name  will  ever  be  associated 
with  Prattsville,  and  that  vast  tan 
nery,  where,  previous  to  the  close 
of  it,  in  1846,  he  had  tanned  more 
than  a  million  sides  of  leather.  He 
was  elected  to  Congress  in  1836, 
and  labored  successfully  for  the 
public  good.  His  career  in  Con 
gress  will  be  remembered  for  his 
efforts  in  behalf  of  the  reduction  of 
postage,  his  plans  for  the  new  post- 
office  buildings,  and  the  bureau  of 
statistics,  which  owes  its  origin  to 
him. 

PRENTISS,  JOHN  II. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1837 
to  1841. 

PRENTISS,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Stonington,  Con 
necticut,  March  31,  1782;  removed 
with  his  father  to  Worcester,  Mas 
sachusetts,  and  subsequently  to 
Northfield,  where  he  commenced 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


389 


the  study  of  law.  He  completed 
his  professional  studies  in  Brattle- 
borough  Vermont,  and  commenced 
practice  at  Montpelier  in  1803, 
where  he  soon  attained  success,  and 
became  one  of  the  foremost  men  of 
the  Vermont  bar.  In  1824  and 
1825  he  represented  Montpelier  in 
the  State  Legislature.  In  1820  he 
was  elected  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  having 
several  years  before  declined  the 
office  of  Associate  Justice  of  that 
Court.  He  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1831  to 
1842.  While  Senator,  he  did  much 
to  effect  the  passage  of  the  law 
against  duelling  in  the  District  of 
Columbia,  In  1842  he  was  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  Federal  Dis 
trict  Court  in  Vermont,  which  office 
he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
lie  died  in  Montpelier,  Vermont, 
January  15,  1857. 

PRENTISS,  SERGEANT  S. 

Born  in  Portland,  Maine,  Sep 
tember  30,  1808,  and  died  at  Long- 
wood,  near  Natchez,  Mississippi, 
July  1,  1850.  lie  graduated  at 
Bowdoin  College  in  1826,  when, 
after  studying  law  at  Gorham,  he 
removed  to  Mississippi,  and  passed 
two  years  as  tutor  in  a  private 
family.  He  studied  law  at  Natchez, 
and  on  removing  to  Vicksburg, 


became  from  the  start  the  leader  of  ! 
the  bar  in  his  adopted  State, — ac-  j 
quiring  by  his  profession  a  large 
property.    He  entered  into  politics, 
was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture   in    1835,    and   in    1837    was 


chosen  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  for  the  years  1838  and  1830. 
From  that  period  until  the  close  of 
his  life,  he  was  devoted  wholly  to 
his  profession,  appearing  frequently 
in  court  at  New  Orleans;  and  as  a 
jury  orator,  he  was  acknowledged 
as  having  no  equal  in  the  South 
western  States. 

PRESTON,  FRANCIS. 

He  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  Virginia,  from  1793  to  1707, 
and  died  at  Columbia,  South  Caro 
lina,  May  26,  1835,  whither  he  had 
gone  upon  a  visit  to  his  son,  the 
distinguished  William  C.  Preston. 

I   He  was  in  the  seventieth  year  of 

I  his  age. 

PRESTON,  JACOB  A. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

PRESTON,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  near  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  October  16,  1816;  was 
liberally  educated  at  St.  Joseph 
College,  Kentucky,  in  New  Haven, 
and  at  Harvard  University;  he 
settled,  in  the  practice  of  law,  at 
Louisville,  and  there  remained  un 
til  the  Mexican  war,  when  he  went 
to  Mexico  as  Lieutenant-Colonel  of 
the  Kentucky  Volunteers ;  he  served 
in  the  Convention  called  to  frame 
anew  the  Constitution  of  Kentucky  ; 
in  1850  and  1851  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature;  he  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1852,  voting 
for  Scott;  was  a  member  of  the 


390 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Cincinnati  Convention,  which  nomi 
nated  Mr.  Buchanan  in  1856  ;  and 
has  recently  been  appointed,  by 
President  Buchanan,  Minister  to 
Spain. 

PRESTON,  WILLIAM  B. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  184?  to  1849. 

PRESTON,  WILLIAM  C. 

Was  born  December  27,  1794, 
in   Philadelphia,    while   his   father 
was   attending   Congress,    at    that 
place,  as  a  member  from  Virginia. 
His  maternal  grandmother  was  the 
sister  of  Patrick  Henry.      He  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  South 
Carolina.     In  1812  he  graduated, 
and  returned  to  Virginia,  where  he 
studied  law  in  the  office  of  William 
Wirt,  at  Richmond.     In  1816  he 
went  to  Europe,  and  after  visiting 
France,  England,  and  Switzerland, 
resided  for  some  time  in  Edinburgh, 
where  he  attended  the  lectures  of 
Hope,  Playfair,    and   Brown.      In 
1819   he   returned  to   the   United 
States,  and  being  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1821,  commenced  the  prac 
tice  of  law  in  Virginia.     In   1822 
he  removed  to  Columbia,  in  South 
Carolina,   where   he   continued   to 
practice  his  profession  with  great 
distinction   and  success.     In   1832 
he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States,  where  he  assumed  a 
high   position   as   a   debater.      In 
1842  he  resigned  his  place  in  the 
Senate,  and  returned  to  the  prac 


tice  of  his  profession  in  South  Ca 
rolina.  In  1845  he  became  Presi 
dent  of  the  University  of  South 
Carolina,  which  office  he  filled  with 
great  credit  until  he  was  forced  to 
resign,  in  consequence  of  ill  health, 
since  which  time  he  has  lived  in  re 
tirement. 

PRICE,  RODMAN  M. 
Born  in  Sussex  County,  New 
Jersey,  November  5,  1816.  He 
attended  Princeton  College  until 
his  health  compelled  him  to  retire, 
and  he  devoted  some  attention  to 
the  study  of  law;  was  appointed 
Purser  in  the  Navy  in  1840;  is  said 
to  have  been  the  first  person  to 
exercise  judicial  functions  under  the 
American  flag  on  the  Pacific  Coast, 
as  Alcalde  ;  in  1848  was  made  Navy 
Agent  for  the  Pacific  Coast;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
his  native  State,  from  1851  to 
1853 ;  and  subsequently  elected 
Governor  of  New  Jersey.  He 
caused  the  establishment,  in  that 
State,  of  a  Normal  School,  and  has 
done  much  to  improve  the  militia 
of  the  State. 

PRICE,  STERLING. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Missouri,  from  1845  to  1847. 

PRINCE,  OLIVER  H. 
He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from    Georgia,    during    the    years 
1828  and  1829,  and  died   at   sea, 
October  9,  1837. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


391 


PRINCE,   WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1823  to 
1824. 

I'UINGLE,  BENJAMIN. 

He  w*as  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1857. 

PIIOFFIT,  GEORGE  II. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana,  from  1839  to 
1843 ;  and  in  1843  was  United 
States  Minister  to  Brazil.  He  died 
at  Louisville,  Kentucky,  September 
5,  184T. 

PUG  II,  GEORGE  ELLIS. 

Born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  No 
vember  28,  1822;  graduated  at 
Miami  University  in  1840,  and  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession.  He  was 
captain  of  the  4th  Regiment  of 
Ohio  Volunteers,  in  the  Mexican 
war,  in  1847  ;  Representative  in 
the  Legislature  in  1848  and  1849; 
was  appointed  Solicitor  to  the  City 
of  Cincinnati,  in  1850  ;  was  Attor 
ney-General  of  the  State  in  1851 ; 
and  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  March  4,  1855,  for  six  years, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Committees 
on  Public  Lands  and  on  the  Judi 
ciary. 

PUGII,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 

1805  to  1809. 


PURDY,  SMITH   M. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

PURVIANCE,  SAMUEL  A. 

Born  in  Butler,  Pennsylvania, 
November  8,  1809.  He  was  a 
student  of  Washington  College, 
but  did  not  graduate ;  is  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  and  has  practiced  for 
twenty-five  years  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  to  amend  the  State 
Constitution,  in  183G,  and  served 
in  the  Legislature  in  1838  and 
1839 ;  was  a  member  of  the  Elec 
toral  College  in  1848;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1854  to  the  present  time,  the  Thir 
ty-fifth  Congress.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Public  Build 
ings  and  Grounds. 

PURVIANCE,  SAMUEL  D. 

A  member  of  Congress,  from 
North  Carolina,  from  1803  to  1805. 

PURYEAR,  RICHARD  C. 

He  was  born  in  Mecklenburg, 
Virginia,  February  9,  1801  ;  re 
ceived  a  good  English  education  ; 
has  spent  the  most  of  his  life  en 
gaged  in  merchandising  and  farm 
ing.  In  1838,  having  removed  to 
North  Carolina,  he  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  of  that  State  ;  in 
1840  to  the  State  Senate  ;  in  1844, 
1846,  and  1852,  he  was  again  cho 
sen  to  the  Legislature  ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
North  Carolina,  from  1853  to  1857. 


392 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


PUTMAN,  HARVEY. 

For  many  years  a  leading  mem 
ber  of  Genesee  Co.unty  bar  ;  was 
elected,  several  times,  to  both 
branches  of  the  New  York  Legis 
lature  ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1847  to  1851.  He  died  in  Attica, 
New  York,  September  21,  1855, 
aged  sixty-two  years. 

QUARLES,  TUNSTALL. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1817  to  1820, 
and  was  subsequently  Receiver  of 
Public  Moneys  at  Cape  Girardeau, 
Missouri. 

QTJINCY,  JOSIAII. 

Born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts, 
February  4, 1772.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1790,  and  entered  on 
the  practice  of  law  in  Boston.  In 
1804  he  was  chosen  Representa 
tive,  from  Boston,  in  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States,  and  held  that 
station  eight  successive  years,  until 
he  declined  a  re-election  in  1813. 
He  was  chosen  State  Senator,  for 
Suffolk,  from  1814  to  1819;  Re 
presentative,  from  Boston  ;  and  was 
Speaker  of  the  House,  in  1820 ; 
Judge  of  the  Municipal  Court,  in 
Boston,  in  1821  ;  and  Mayor  of 
that  City  in  1823.  He  held  the 
office  of  Mayor  six  successive  years, 
until  he  declined  a  re-election,  in 
December,  1828.  In  1829  he  was 
chosen  President  of  Harvard  Uni 
versity,  and  held  that  office  until 
his  resignation  in  1845.  His  pub 


lished  works  are  "  Speeches  in 
Congress,  and  Orations  on  Yarious 
Occasions,"  "  Memoir  of  Josiah 
Quincy,  jr.,  of  Massachusetts," 
"  Centennial  Address  on  the  Two 
Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Set 
tlement  of  Boston,"  "  A  History 
of  Harvard  University,  from  1G36 
to  1836,"  "  Memoir  of  James  Gra- 
hame,  Historian  of  the  U.  S.  A.," 
"  Memoir  of  Major  Samuel  Shaw," 
"  History  of  the  Boston  Athe 
naeum,"  "  A  Municipal  History  of 
the  Town  and  City  of  Boston,  from 
1G30  to  1830." 

QUITMAN,  JOHN  A. 

Born  in  Rhinebeck,  Dntchess 
County,  New  York,  September  1, 
|  1799.  He  had  a  liberal  education; 
studied  theology,  but  preferred  the 
law,  and  in  his  twentieth  year  was 
a  professor  of  law  in  Mount  Airy 
College,  Pennsylvania.  In  1820  he 
emigrated  to  Ohio,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  of  that  State,  but 
soon  afterwards  removed  to  Natchez, 
Mississippi.  In  1827  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1828 
was  appointed  Chancellor  of  the 
State,  serving  three  years  ;  in  1835 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate, 
and  as  President  of  that  body  was 
called  upon  to  perform  the  duties  of 
Governor  ;  in  1836  he  distinguished 
himself  as  a  soldier  and  leader  in 
behalf  of  Texas  against  Mexico  ;  in 
1839  he  visited  Europe  on  business 
for  the  Mississippi  Railroad  ;  on  his 
return  was  appointed  Judge  of  the 
High  Court  of  Errors  and  Appeals ; 
he  served  with  distinction  in  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Mexican  war ;  had  a  horse  shot 
from  uiuler  him  at  Monterey;  com 
manded  at  Victoria;  was  at  Vera 
Cruz  and  Ojo  Del  Agua;  commis 
sioned,  by  the  President,  major- 
general  in  the  army ;  he  also  ac 
quitted  himself  with  great  credit  at 
Chapultepec ;  he  was  Governor  of 
Mississippi  in  1850;  and  in  1855 
he  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Mississippi,  and 
re-elected  in  1857,  serving  both 
terms  at  the  head  of  the  Committee 
on  Military  Affairs.  By  virtue  of 
his  experience  and  strict  integrity 
he  ever  commanded  the  respect  of 
all,  and  the  kindness  of  his  heart 
and  amiable  manners  won  for  him 
troops  of  friends  among  all  parties. 
He  was  spoken  of  on  two  occasions 
as  the  Democratic  canditate  for  j 
Vice-President,  and  was  the  recog-  i 
nized  leader  of  those  favorable  to  i 
the  annexation  of  Cuba.  He  died 
at  his  residence  in  Mississippi,  July  I 
IT,  1858. 

RAMSAY,  ALEXANDER. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1847. 

RAMSAY,   ROBERT. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1833 
to  1835,  and  again  from  1841  to 
1843. 

RAMSEY,  WILLIAM. 

Born  at  Sterrett's  Gap,  Cumber 
land  County,  Pennsylvania,  Septem 


ber  7, 1779.  In  1803hewasappoint- 
ed  Surveyor  of  his  native  county,  an 
office  held  by  his  father  during  the 
Revolution ;  and  he  also  held  the 
offices  of  Prothonotary,  Register, 
Recorder,  and  Clerk  of  the  Orphans' 
Court ;  studied  law,  and  practiced 
with  success.  In  1826  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  Congress,  re- 
elected  in  1828  and  1830,  and  died 
in  September,  1831. 

RAMSEY,  WILLIAM  S. 

Born  in  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania, 
June  12,  1810;  was  educated  at 
Dickinson  College,  but  on  account 
of  bad  health  did  not  graduate;  he 
traveled  in  Europe ;  was  an  attache 
to  the  American  Legation  in  Lon 
don,  and  formed  the  acquaintance 
of  Walter  Scott  and  General  La 
Fayette ;  returning  to  Carlisle,  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1832  ; 
elected  a  Representative  to  Con 
gress  in  1838,  re-elected  in  1840, 
but  died  in  Baltimore,  October  17, 
1840,  a  few  weeks  after  his  election. 

R  A  N  D  ALL,  ALEX  AN  DER. 
He  was  born  in   Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 

RANDALL,  BENJAMIN. 
He  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in 
1789;  graduated  at  Bowdoin  Col 
lege  in  1809  ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1814,  and 
commenced  to  practice  in  Bath, 
Maine,  where  he  resided  forty-five 
years.  lie  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  in  1833,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1839 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


to  1843,  and  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Invalid  Pensions.  He 
was  appointed,  by  President  Tay 
lor,  Collector  of  the  port  of  Bath, 
and  died  at  that  place  October  14, 
1857. 

RANDOLPH,  JAMES  F. 

Born  in  Middlesex  County,  New 
Jersey,  June  20,  1791;  received  a 
common  school  education,  served 
an  apprenticeship  to  the  printing 
business,  and  became  editor  of  the 
Fredonia,  a  weekly  newspaper,  in 
1812,  and  continued  in  that  capa 
city  for  thirty-years.  He  was  ap 
pointed  Collector  of  the  "  Internal 
Revenue"  of  the  United  States,  in 
1815,  and  held  that  office  till  the 
close  of  the  war  in  Texas.  lie  was 
subsequently  Clerk  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  for  the  County,  and 
for  two  years  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress  from  1828  to 
1833,  and  was  afterwards  president 
of  a  bank  in  New  Brunswick,  New 
Jersey,  for  ten  years. 

RANDOLPH,  JOHN,  OF  ROAXOKE. 

He  was  born  in  Chesterfield,  Yir- 
ginia,  June  2,  1773,  and  was  a  de 
scendant,  through  his  mother,  from 
Pocahontas,  the  daughter  of  Pow- 
hatan,  the  great  Indian  Chief.  His 
father  died  in  1775,  leaving  three 
sons  and  a  large  estate;  and  his 
mother  was  married  in  17S3~to  St. 
George  Tucker,  who  was  his  guar 
dian  during  his  minority.  His  early 
life  was  spent  at  different  places, 
under  different  instructors,  of  most 


of  whom  he  said  he  "never  learned 
anything."  He  passed  a  short  time 
at  Princeton  College,  Columbia 
College,  and  at  William  and  Mary 
College  ;  and  for  a  time  he  studied 
law  with  Edmund  Randolph.  He 
was  elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  in  1799,  and  he  continued  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Represen- 

I  tatives,  with  the  exception  of  two 
intervals  of  two  years  each,  until 
1829  ;  in  that  year  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  to  revise  the 
Constitution  of  Virginia,  and  he 
was  afterwards  appointed  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  to  Russia,  by  Presi 
dent  Jackson,  in  1830.  During  one 
of  the  intervals  alluded  to,  from 
1825  to  1827,  he  was  a  Senator  of 
the  United  States.  He  was  never 
married,  and  was  possessed  of  a 
large  estate  on  the  Roanoke.  He 
died  at  Philadelphia,  May  24, 1833, 
while  about  to  depart  for  Europe 
for  the  restoration  of  his  feeble 
health.  He  was  distinguished  alike 
for  his  genius,  his  effective  elo- 

j  quence,  and  for  many  eccentricities 
of  thought  and  manner. 

RANDOLPH,  JOSEPH  F. 

Born  in  1803,  in  New  Jersey,  and 
obtained  an  ordinary  school  educa 
tion,  after  which  he  studied  law  and 
was  licensed  to  practice  in  1825  ; 
he  settled  at  Monmouth  Court 
House,  and  was  appointed  States 
Attorney  for  the  County.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1837  to  1843,  and  during 
one  term  he  was  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Revolutionary 


B  i  o  G  ii  A  p  ii  i  o  A  L    SKETCHES. 


395 


Claims.  In  1844  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Convention  which  framed  the 
State  Constitution ;  and  in  1845 
was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  New  Jersey,  for 
seven  years,  after  which  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Trenton,  where  he  now  resides. 

RANDOLPH,  THOMAS  M. 

He  was  a  native  of  Virginia;  Go 
vernor  of  that  State ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1803  to 
1807,  and  died  at  Mouticello,  June 
20,  1828. 

RANKIN,  CHRISTOPHER. 

He  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Mississippi,  from  1819  to  1826. 

RANTOUL,  ROBERT. 

Born  in  Beverly,  Massachusetts, 
May  13,  1805.  He  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1820;  stu 
died  law ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1827,  and  settled  to  practice  in 
South  Reading,  and  removed  to  • 
Gloucester  in  1832  ;  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature  in  1834,  and  : 
in  1837  a  member  of  the  Massachu 
setts  Board  of  Education.  In  1838 
he  removed  to  Boston,  and  in  1843  | 
was  appointed  Collector  of  that 
port;  in  1845  was  appointed,  by 
President  Polk,  United  States  Dis 
trict  Attorney  for  Massachusetts ; 
in  1851  succeeded  Mr.  Webster  in 
the  United  States  Senate,  but  re 
mained  there  only  a  short  time ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 


from  1851  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  Washington,  Au 
gust  7,  1852.  His  writings  have 
since  been  published  in  a  large  vo 
lume. 

RARIDEN,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
and  was  an  early  settler  of  the  White 
Water  Valley,  in  that  State ;  he  was 
self-educated,  and  became  eminent 
as  a  lawyer.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Indiana, 
from  1837  to  1841,  and  died  at 
Cambridge  City,  in  that  State. 

RATHBUN,  GEORGE. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1847. 

RAYNER,  KENNETH. 

Born  in  Bertie  County,  North 
Carolina,  in  1808;  received  an  aca 
demical  education  ;  and  though  he 
studied  law,  he  did  not  practice. 
He  entered  public  life,  in  1835,  as  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
and  the  same  year  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  to  revise  the  State 
Constitution.  He  served  again  in 
the  local  Legislature  in  1836  and 
1838,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1839  to  1845.  In 
1846  he  went  for  the  third  time  into 
the  Legislature. 

REA,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1803 
to  1811,  and  again  from  1813  to 
1815. 


396 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


READ,  ALMON  H. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont  in  1790; 
graduated  at  Williamstown  Col 
lege  ;  studied  law,  and  removing  to 
Pennsylvania,  was  frequently  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature;  in  1840 
was  appointed  Treasurer  of  the 
State,  and  in  1841  was  elected  to  fill 
a  vacancy  in  the  National  House  of 
Representatives.  Died  at  Montrose, 
Pennsylvania,  June  3,  1843. 

HEAD,  GEORGE. 

Born  in  Cecil  County,  Maryland, 
in  1734,  but,  with  his  father,  re 
moved  to  New  Castle  County,  Dela 
ware.  He  was  educated  for  the  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Phi 
ladelphia,  at  the  age  of  nineteen, 
and  practiced  his  profession  in  New 
Castle;  was  made  Attorney-Gene 
ral  of  the  three  lower  counties  on 
the  Delaware,  in  1763,  and  held  the 
office  until  he  was  chosen  a  Delegate 
to  Congress,  in  1775.  In  1776  he 
was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence.  He  was  President 
of  the  Convention  which  formed  the 
first  Constitution  of  Delaware,  and 
also  a  member  of  the  Convention 
which  framed  the  Federal  Constitu 
tion,  and  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  United  States  Senate,  serving 
from  1789  to  1793.  He  was  then 
appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Delaware,  in  which 
office  he  remained  until  his  death, 
in  1798. 

READ,  JACOB. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 


1795  to  1802,  and  was  appointed,  by 
President  Adams,  Judge  of  the 
United  States  District  Court  of 
South  Carolina,  in  1801. 

READ,  NATHAN. 

Born  in  Essex  County,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1760;  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1781,  and 
two  years  afterwards  officiated  as 
tutor  in  that  institution.  He  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1800  to  1803; 
and  having  removed  to  Hallowell, 
Maine,  was  for  many  years  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas. 
He  was  devoted  to  science,  and  a 
petitioner  for  a  patent  for  an  inven 
tion,  before  the  patent  laws  were 
enacted ;  and  before  the  time  of 
Fulton's  experiments,  he  had  tried 
the  effect  of  steam  upon  a  boat  in 
Wenham  Pond.  He  died  at  Hal 
lowell,  January  20,  1849. 

READ,  THOMAS  B. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Mississippi,  from  1826  to 
1827,  and  also  during  the  session  of 
1829,  and  died  soon  afterwards. 

READE,  EDWIN  G. 

Born  in  Orange  County,  North 
Carolina,  November  13,  1812;  he 
had  a  liberal  education ;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1836,  in  Person  County,  and  en 
gaged  in  a  lucrative  practice.  He 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  in  1855,  serving  until 
1857. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


397 


RKADY,  CHARLES. 

Born  at  Ready  ville,  Rutherford 
County,  Tennessee,  December  22, 
1802.     lie  graduated  at  Greenville 
College,    and    received    from    the  ! 
Nashville  University  the  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts.     He  was  bred  a  I 
lawyer,  and  has  practiced  his  pro 
fession   with    success.     lie   was    a  i 
member  of  the  Tennessee  Legisla 
ture  in  1835,  and  closely  identified  . 
with  the  organization  of  the  Judi-  I 
ciary.     By  special   commission  he 
has  twice  presided  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Tennessee,  and  was  elect 
ed   a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  in  1853,  to  which 
position  he  has  been  twice  re-elect 
ed,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Judiciary. 

REAGAN,  JOHN  II. 

Born  in  Sevier  County,  Tennes 
see,  October  8,  1818;  is  a  lawyer 
by  profession  ;  was  appointed  De 
puty  Surveyor  in  the  Republic  of 
Texas,  in  1840;  and  in  1843  was  a 
justice  of  the  peace  and  militia  cap 
tain  ;  in  1846,  Probate  Judge  and 
colonel  of  militia,  and  elected  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  in  1847; 
was  a  Judge  of  the  District  Court 
from  1852  to  1857,  when  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  on  Indian  Affairs  and  Ex 
penditures  in  the  Post-office  De 
partment. 

REDING,  JOHN  11. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 


gress,  from  that  State,  from  1841  to 
1845. 

REED,  CHARLES  M. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1845. 

REED,  EDWARD  C. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York ; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1812  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1831  to  1833. 

REED,  ISAAC. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  his  native  State, 
from  1852  to  1853. 

REED,  JOHN. 

Graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1772  ;  was  ordained  as  a  minister 
of  the  gospel  in  1780,  and  settled  at 
West  Bridgewater,  Massachusetts. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1795 
to  1801,  and  from  1813  to  1817. 
He  died  February  17,  1831,  aged 
eighty  years. 

REED,  PHILIP. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  from  1806  to  1813, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1817  to  1819,  and  again  from 
1821  to  1823.  He  died  November 
2,  1829. 

REED,  ROBERT  R. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 


398 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


gress,  from  that  State,  from  1849  to 
1851. 

REED,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  native  of  Massachu 
setts,  an  eminent  merchant,  and 
highly  esteemed  for  his  benevolent 
and  religious  character.  He  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  from  1811  to  1815;  was 
President  of  the  Sabbath- School 
Union  of  Massachusetts,  and  of  the 
American  Tract  Society ;  Vice- 
President  of  the  American  Educa 
tion  Society;  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Visitors  of  the  Theological  Semi 
nary  at  Andover,  and  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  Dartmouth  College. 
Besides  liberal  bequests  to  heirs  and 
relatives,  he  left  $08,000  to  benevo 
lent  objects,  of  which  $17,000  were 
to  Dartmouth  College,  $10,000  to 
Amherst  College,  $10,000  to  the 
Board  of  Commissioners  for  For 
eign  Missions,  $9000  to  the  First 
Church  and  Society  in  Marblehead, 
$1000  to  the  Second  Congrega 
tional  Church  of  Marblehead,  and 
$5000  to  the  Library  of  the  Theo 
logical  Seminary  at  Andover.  He 
died  at  Marblehead,  February  18, 
1837,  very  suddenly,  while  attend 
ing  a  Sabbath-school  meeting. 

REESE,  DAVID  A. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia,  from  1853  to 
1855. 

REID,  DAVID  S. 

Born  in  Buckingham  County, 
North  Carolina,  April  19,  1813. 


He  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1843 ;  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature  in  1835, 
and  served  continuously  until  1842. 
In  1843  he  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  serving  that  lerm ;  and 
was  re-elected  in  1845  for  a  second 
term ;  he  was,  in  1850,  elected 
Governor  of  North  Carolina,  and 
re-elected  in  1852,  serving  until 
1855,  when  he  was  elected  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  which  position  he 
continues  to  hold.  He  is  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Patents 
I  and  the  Patent-office,  and  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Commerce. 

REID,  ROBERT  R. 

He  was  born  in  Beaufort  Dis- 
|  trict,  South  Carolina,  in  1T89;  re 
moved  early  in  life  to  Georgia ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1818  to  1823; 
was  also  a  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  that  State ;  was  appoint- 
j  ed,  in  1832,  by  President  Adams, 
|  District  Judge  for  Eastern  Florida; 
and  was  appointed,  by  President 
Van  Buren,  Governor  of  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Florida;  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  which  formed 
a  State  Constitution  for  Florida, 
over  which  body  he  presided  in  a 
creditable  manner.  He  died  near 
Tallahassee,  July  1,  1841. 

REILLY,  WILSON. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania;  followed 
for  a  time  the  business  of  a  hatter, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  in  185T,  serving  as  a 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


399 


member  of  the  Committee  on  Pa 
tents. 

REILV,  LUTIIKR. 

lie  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837 
to  1839. 

RELFE,  JAMES  II. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
having  settled  in  Missouri,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1847. 

RENCHER,  ABRAHAM. 

Born  in  Wake  County,  North 
Carolina,  and  in  1822  graduated  at 
the  University  of  that  State.  He 
practiced  law  for  a  time,  but  taking 
an  interest  in  politics,  was  elected 
to  Congress,  where  he  served  from 
1829  to  1839,  and  again  from  1841 
to  1842;  and  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Buchanan,  Governor 
of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico, 
which  oflice  he  still  retains. 

REYNOLDS,  GIDEON. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1851. 

REYNOLDS,  JAMES  B. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1815 
to  1817,  and  again  from  1823  to 
1825. 

REYNOLDS,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con-  , 


gress,  from  that  State,  from  1835 
to  1837,  and  again  from  1839  to 
1843. 

REYNOLDS,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1835  to  1837. 
He  also  served  in  the  Assembly  of 
that  State,  in  1819. 

RIIEA,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1803 
to  1815,  and  from  1817  to  1823. 
In  1816  he  was  appointed  United 
States  Commissioner,  to  treat  with 
the  Chocktaws. 


RHETT,  ROBERT  B. 

He  was  born  in  Beaufort,  South 
Carolina,  December  24,  1800;  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  law;  in 
1826  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  in  1832  he  was 
elected  Attorney-General  of  South 
Carolina;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1838  to  1847, 
and  for  a  second  term,  ending  in 
1849,  and  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress  during  the  years  1850  and 
1851,  having  resigned,  contrary  to 
the  wishes  of  his  State.  He  is 
said  to  have  been  the  first  man  who 
proposed,  and  advocated  on  the 
floor  of  Congress,  a  dissolution  of 
the  Union.  Of  late  years  he  has 
lived  wholly  retired  from  public 
life,  on  an  extensive  plantation. 


400 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


RICAUD,  JAMES  B. 

Born  in  Baltimore,  Maryland, 
February  11,  1808;  graduated  at 
Washington  College,  Maryland,  and 
is  a  lawyer  by  profession;  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Delegates  of 
Maryland,  in  1834,  and  of  the  State 
Senate  of  Maryland,  from  1836  to 
1844,  inclusive;  was  an  Elector  of 
President  and  Vice-President  in 
1836  and  1844;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty- 
fifth  Congresses,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Manufactures,  and 
also  that  for  investigating  the  Ac 
counts  of  the  late  Clerk  of  the 
House. 

RICE,  HENRY  M. 

He  was  born  in  Yermont,  Novem 
ber  29,  1816;  emigrated  to  Michi 
gan  when  it  was  a  Territory,  and 
since  that  time  has  lived  in  three 
other  Territories,  viz.,  Iowa, Wiscon 
sin,  and  Minnesota,  much  of  his  life 
having  been  spent  among  the  wild 
Indian  tribes  of  the  Northwest ;  in 
1840  he  was  appointed  a  sutler  in 
the  army;  has  been  employed  as 
Commissioner  in  making  many  In 
dian  treaties  of  great  importance; 
in  1853  he  was  elected  a  Delegate 
to  Congress,  from  Minnesota;  re- 
elected  in  1855,  having  secured  the 
passage  of  the  act  authorizing  the 
people  of  Minnesota  to  form  a  State 
Constitution;  and  in  1857  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Minnesota,  for  the  term  of  six  years. 
At  the  commencement  of  the  second 
session  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress 
he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 


Committees  on  Indian  Affairs  and 
on  Post-offices  and  Post-roads. 

RICE,  THOMAS. 

He  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1791  ;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts,  from  1815  to  1819;  and  died 
in  1854. 

RICH,  CHARLES. 

He  was  born  in  Hampshire  Coun 
ty,  Massachusetts,  in  1771,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Vermont,  from  1813  to  1815,  and 
again  from  1817  to  1824.  He  died 
at  Sherburne,  Vermont,  October  15, 
1824. 

RICHARD,  GABRIEL. 

He  was  a  Roman  Catholic  priest, 
and  a  man  of  learning.  He  was 
born  at  Saintes,  in  France  ;  came  to 
America  after  the  commencement 
of  the  French  Revolution ;  labored 
in  Illinois  as  a  missionary ;  went  to 
Detroit,  Michigan,  in  1798,  whence 
he  was  sent  as  a  Delegate  to  Con 
gress,  in  1823.  He  died  in  Detroit, 
September  13,  1832,  aged  sixty- 
eight  years.  During  his  ministry, 
it  became  his  duty,  according  to  the 
Roman  Catholic  religion,  to  excom 
municate  one  of  his  parishioners, 
who  had  been  divorced  from  his 
wife.  The  parishioner  prosecuted 
the  priest  for  defamation  of  charac 
ter,  which  resulted  in  his  obtaining 
a  verdict  of  $1000.  This  money 
the  priest  could  not  pay,  and  was 
consequently  imprisoned  in  the  com 
mon  jail;  as  he  had  already  been 
elected  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKBTCHBS, 


401 


went  from  his  prison,  in  the  wilds  of 
Michigan,  to  bu  seat  on  the  floor 
of  Congress. 

RICHARDS,  JACOB. 

He  wa«  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1803 
to 


RICHARDS,  JOHS. 

He  wa=  a  Representative  in  Con- 
-.  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1705 
to  1797. 

RICHARDS,  JOHS. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Xew 
York  Assembly,  in  1814  and  1815, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  .State,  from  1823  to  1825. 

RICHARDS,  MARK. 

He  was  born  in  Xew  Haven, 
Connecticut,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Vermont, 
from  1817  to  1821. 

RICHARDS,  MATH  IAS. 
He  WM  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1807 
to 


RICHARDSON,  JOHS  P. 

He  WM  a  judge,  and  a  member 
of  the  House  of  Representatives,  in 
Congress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1837  to  1840,  and  died  in  South 
Carolina,  in  1850. 

RICHARDSOS,  JOHS  8. 
Born  in  South  Carolina,  in  1777, 
and  died  at  Charleston,  May  11, 
1850.     He  was  an  Associate  Judge 
of  the  General   Sessions  and  the 
-• 


Common  Plea*,  and  Presiding 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeal*; 
and  was  elected  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  in  1820,  but  owing  to  some 
exigency  ia  his  private  affair*,  be 
was  not  qualified.  He  was  also  at 
one  time  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature,  and  also  Attorney-Ge 
neral  for  the  State. 

RICHARD8QS,  JOSEPH. 

He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  Col 
lege  in  1802,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Missarhn 
setts,  from  1827  to  1831. 

RICHARDSO.V,  WILLIAM  A. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
baring  removed  to  Illinois,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1847  to  1855;  and  was 
appointed,  by  President  Buchanan, 
Governor  of  Nebraska  Territory, 
which  office  he  resigned  in  1 858. 

RICHARDSOS,  WILLIAM  M. 

He  was  born  at  Pelham,  Xew 
Hampshire,  January  4,  1774,  and 
graduated  at  the  University  of 
Cambridge  in  17  97.  He  practiced 
law  for  a  few  years  at  Groton,  Mas 
sachusetts,  and  was  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  181 1  to  1 81 4.  He  re 
moved  to  Portsmouth,  Xew  Hamp 
shire,  in  1814,  and  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  in  1816 ;  and  be  dis 
charged  the  duties  of  the  omVt  with 
high  reputation  nearly  twenty-two 
jean.  He  was  a  man  of  distin- 

:-.-•-.•      _-.-,-       .       • 
extensive  acquirements,  and  highly 
respected    for    bis   integrity    and 


402 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


estimable  character.  He  was  the 
author  of  "  The  New  Hampshire 
Justice,"  and  "The  Town  Officer." 
A  considerable  portion  of  the  first 
and  second  volumes  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Reports  was  drawn  up 
by  the  Chief  Justice ;  nearly  all  the 
cases  of  the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth, 
were  furnished  by  him ;  and  of  the 
matter  for,  perhaps,  four  volumes 
more,  he  prepared  a  large  share. 
He  died  at  Chester,  New  Hamp 
shire,  March  23,  1838. 

RICHMOND,  JONATHAN. 
He  was  born  in  Bristol,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1774;  was  one  of  the 
pioneers  to  Western  New  York,  in 
1813;  was  once  Collector  of  the 
Customs  for  the  United  States,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1819  to  1821. 
He  died  in  Cayuga,  New  York, 
July  29,  1853. 

KIDDLE,  GEORGE  R. 
He  was  born  in  New  Castle, 
Delaware,  in  1817 ;  educated  at 
Delaware  College  ;  studied  survey 
ing,  and  was  engaged  for  years  in 
locating  canals  and  roads  in  Penn 
sylvania,  Maryland,  and  Virginia; 
he  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1848;  he  was  soon 
afterwards  appointed  Deputy  At 
torney-General  for  his  native  coun 
ty,  which  he  held  until  1850  ;  and 
he  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Delaware,  from  1851 
to  1855.  He  was  also  a  Delegate 
to  the  several  National  Conven 
tions  of  1844, 1848,  and  1856.  Now 
devoted  to  his  profession. 


RIDGELEY,  HENRY  M. 
Born  in  1778;  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession,  and  for  many  years  was  a 
distinguished  member  of  the  Dela 
ware  bar.  He  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Delaware, 
from  1811  to  1815;  and  supplied  a 
vacancy  as  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  1826  to  1829.  He  died  at 
his  residence  in  Dover,  Delaware, 
August  7,  1847. 

RIDGWAY,  JOSEPH. 
He  was  born  on  Staten  Island, 
New  York,  May  6,  1783,  received 
a  limited  education,  and  acquired 
the  trade  of  a  house  carpenter.  In 
1811  he  emigrated  to  Cayuga  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  and  devoted  himself 
to  making  fanning  mills;  and  in 
1822  settled  in  Columbus,  Ohio, 
and  established  an  extensive  iron 
foundry,  which  subsequently  became 
an  establishment  for  manufacturing 
railroad  carriages.  In  1828  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Ohio, 
and  re-elected  in  1830;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1837  to  1843.  He 
failed  in  business  in  1811,  and 
though  exonerated  by  the  Bank 
rupt  law,  he  thought  proper,  in 
1857,  to  pay  up  his  old  debts,  at  the 
rate  of  two  dollars  for  one  ;  and  of 
seventy  creditors,  he  only  found 
four  living,  so  that  he  had  to  hunt 
up  and  pay  the  heirs,  which  occu 
pied  four  months  of  his  time. 

RIGGS,  LEWIS. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


403 


RIKER,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly,  in  1784,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1804  to  1805,  and 
again  from  1807  to  1809. 

KINGGOLD,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1810  to 
1815,  and  again  from  1817  to  1821. 

RIPLEY,  ELEAZAR  W. 

He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  Col 
lege  in  1800;  studied  law,  and  set 
tled  in  the  District  of  Maine ;  was 
Speaker  of  the  Massachusetts  House 
of  Representatives,  in  1811;  ac 
quitted  himself  with  credit  as  an 
officer  in  the  last  war  with  Eng 
land  ;  removed  to  Louisiana,  whence 
he  was  elected  to  Congress,  serving 
from  1835  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  New  Orleans, 
March  2,  1839,  aged  fifty-seven 
years. 

RIPLEY,  JAMES  W. 

He  was  a  Collector  of  Customs 
for  the  Passamaquoddy  District  of 
Maine ;  an  officer  in  the  late  war 
with  England,  and  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1829  to 
1831.  He  died  in  June,  1835. 

RISLEY,  ELIJAH. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1849  to 
1851. 


RITCHEY,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  having  settled  in  Ohio,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1847 
to  1849,  and  again  from  1853  to 
1855. 

RITCHIE,  DAVID. 

He  was  born  at  Canonsburg, 
Washington  County,  Pennsylvania, 
August  19,  1812;  graduated  at 
Jefferson  College  in  1829 ;  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar,  at  Pittsburg,  in 
1835;  received  the  degree  of 
S.W.D.  from  the  University  of 
Heidelberg,  Germany,  in  1837 ; 
and  has  been  a  Representative,  from 
Pittsburg,  in  the  Thirty-third, 
Thirty-fourth,  and  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gresses,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs. 

RITTER,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1843 
to  1847,  and  died  in  Reading, 
Pennsylvania,  November  24,  1851. 

RIVERS,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1855  to  1857. 

RIVES,  FRANCIS  E. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1841. 

RIVES,  WILLIAM  C. 

He  was  born  in  Nelson  County, 
Virginia,  May  4,  1793;  was  edu- 


404 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


cated  at  Hampden  Sidney  and  Wil 
liam  and  Mary  Colleges  ;  studied 
law  and  politics  under  the  direction 
of  Thomas  Jefferson ;  was  aid-de 
camp  in  1814  and  1815  with  a 
body  of  militia  and  volunteers, 
called  out  for  the  defence  of  Vir 
ginia  ;  and  was  a  member,  in  1816, 
of  the  Staunton  Convention,  called 
to  reform  the  State  Constitution. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Legislature 
of  Virginia  in  1811,  1818,  and 
1819,  from  Nelson  County;  in 
1822  to  the  same  position  from  Al- 
bemarle  County;  in  1823  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  and  he  served  for  three  suc 
cessive  terms ;  in  1829  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Jackson, 
Minister  to  France  ;  on  his  return 
in  1832  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  and  resigned  in  1834 ; 
was  re-elected  in  1835,  and  served 
to  the  end  of  the  term,  in  1839  ;  in 
1840  was  elected  to  the  Senate,  for 
a  third  term,  where  he  remained 
until  1845.  In  1849  he  was  a 
second  time  appointed  Minister  to 
France,  and  returned  in  1853,  when 
he  finally  retired  from  political  life. 

ROANE,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1821  to  1831, 
and  for  a  third  term,  from  1835  to 
1831. 

EOANE,  JOHN  J. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  his  native 
State,  from  1831  to  1833. 


.    ROANE,  JOHN  T, 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1809  to 
1815. 

ROANE,  WILLIAM  II. 

Born  in  Virginia,  in  1788 ;  was 
twice  elected  a  member  of  the  Exe 
cutive  Council  of  that  State  ;  once 
a  Delegate  to  the  General  Assem 
bly;  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1815  to  1811 ;  and  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States,  from  1837  to 
1841.  He  died  at  Tree  Hill,  near 
Richmond,  Virginia,  May  11,  1845. 

ROBBINS,  GEORGE  R. 

Born  near  Allentown,  Monmouth 
County,  New  Jersey,  September 
24,  1812  ;  graduated  at  the  Jeffer 
son  Medical  College,  Philadelphia, 
in  1831,  and  pursued  the  practice 
of  medicine,  until  his  election  to 
the  House  of  Representatives,  du 
ring  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Invalid  Pensions. 

ROBBINS,  JOHN,  JR. 
He  was  born   in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1855. 

ROBERTS,  ANTHONY  E. 
Born  in  Chester  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  October,  1803,  but  re 
moved  with  his  parents  to  Lancaster 
County,  in  his  infancy ;  he  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education, 
and  commenced  life  as  a  merchant. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


405 


In  1839  he  was  elected  Sheriff  of 
Lancaster  County,  and  held  the 
office  till  1S42.  In  1  849  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Taylor, 
Marshal  of  the  Eastern  District  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  remained  in  that  i 
position  until  1853,  and  collected 
the  statistics  for  the  Seventh  Cen 
sus  of  that  District.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fifth,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Militia. 

ROBERTS,  JONATHAN. 

Born  in  1771,  and  early  in  the 
present  century  was  elected  to  both 
branches  of  the  Legislature  of 
Pennsylvania ;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1811  to 
1814,  and  an  advocate  of  the  war 
of  1812.  From  1S14  to  1821  he 
was  a  Senator  of  the  United  States  ; 
and  in  1841  he  was  appointed  Col 
lector  of  the  port  of  Philadelphia, 
by  President  Harrison.  He  died 
in  Philadelphia,  July,  1854. 

ROBERTS,  ROBERT  W. 

He  was  born  in  Delaware,  and 
having  settled  in  Mississippi,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1843  to  1847. 

ROBERTSON,  GEORGE. 

Born  in  Mercer  County,Kentucky, 
November  18,  1790,  and  completed 
his  education  in  Transylvania  Uni 
versity.  He  studied  law,  and  com 
menced  to  practice  in  1809.  In 
1816  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  and  served  from 


1817  to  1821.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislature,  and  Speaker  of  the 
House  four  sessions,  ending  in  1827. 
In  1828  he  was  Secretary  of  State, 
and  the  same  year  chosen  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Appeals,  and  in  1829 
commissioned  Chief  Justice  of  Ken 
tucky,  which  position  he  resigned 
in  1843,  and  resumed  the  practice 
of  law  in  Lexington,  in  1835.  He 
was  Professor  of  law  in  Transyl 
vania  University  for  twenty-three 
years,  and  is  still  engaged  in  teach 
ing  law.  He  has  repeatedly  de 
clined  important  offices,  including 
missions  to  Colombia  and  Peru. 

ROBERTSON,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1834  to  1839. 

ROBERTSON,  THOMAS  B. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Louisiana,  from  1812 
to  1818,  having  been  the  first  mem 
ber  elected  under  the  State  Consti 
tution. 

ROBIE,  REUBEN. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 
having  settled  in  New  York,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851  to 
1853. 

ROBINS,  ASHER. 

Born  in  Weathersfield,  Connecti 
cut,  in  1757.  He  held  many  im 
portant  public  positions,  and  was  a 
leading  Senator  in  Congress,  from 


406 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Rhode  Island,  from  1825  to  1839. 
Died  at  Newport,  Rhode  Island, 
February  25,  1845. 

ROBINSON,  EDWARD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  during  the  years 
1838  and  1839. 

ROBINSON,  JOHN  L. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Indiana,  from  1847  to  1853. 

ROBINSON,  JOHN  M. 

He  was  born  in  1*793,  and  was 
one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Illinois  ; 
and  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  that  State.  He 
was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1830  to  1842,  and  died  at  Ottawa, 
Illinois,  April  26,  1843. 

ROBINSON,  JONATHAN. 

He  was  appointed  Chief  Justice 
of  Vermont  in  1801,  in  the  place  of 
Judge  Smith,  who  resigned,  and  in 
1806  was  elected  to  succeed  Mr. 
Smith  as  Senator  in  Congress, 
serving  from  1807  to  1815.  He 
died  at  Bennington,  November  3, 
1819,  aged  sixty-four. 

ROBINSON,  MOSES. 

He  was  Governor  of  Yermont, 
having  succeeded  Mr.  Chittenden, 
in  1789.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Senate  of  the  United  States 
under  the  Administration  of  Presi 
dent  Adams,  from  1791  to  1796. 
He  was  one  of  the  minority  who 
were  opposed  to  the  ratification  of 


Jay's  Treaty.  He  died  at  Benning 
ton,  May  26,  1813,  aged  seventy- 
two. 

ROBINSON,  ORVILLE. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 
He  also  served  four  years  in  the 
Assembly  of  New  York,  from  Os- 
wego  County. 

ROBINSON,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Delaware,  from  1839  to 
1841,  and  died  in  Sussex  County, 
of  that  State,  October  28,  1843. 

ROBISON,  DAVID  F. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1855 
to  1857. 

ROCHESTER,  WILLIAM  B. 

He  was  a  man  of  legal  acquire 
ments,  much  respected  for  his  abili 
ties,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1821 
to  1823.  He  was  lost,  with  many 
others,  off  the  coast  of  North  Ca 
rolina,  by  the  explosion  of  the 
steamer  Pulaski,  June  15,  1838. 

ROCKHILL,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
having  settled  in  Indiana,  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

ROCKWELL,  JOHN  A. 

Born  in  Norwich,  Connecticut ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1824  ; 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


407 


studied  law;  was  at  one  time, 
Judge  of  Probate,  in  New  Lon 
don  County  ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Connec 
ticut,  from  1847  to  1849. 


ROCKWELL,  JULIUS. 

Born  at  Colebrook,  Litchfield 
County,  Connecticut,  April  26, 
1805.  Entered  Yale  College  in 
1822,  and  graduated  in  1826;  stu 
died  law  at  the  Xew  Haven  Law 
School,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  Litchfield  County,  in  1829, 
commencing  to  practice  in  1830,  at 
Pittsfield,  Massachusetts.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives,  of  Massachusetts,  from 
1834  to  1838,  and  was  Speaker, 
from  1835  to  1838,  and  in  that  year 
was  appointed  Bank  Commissioner, 
and  held  the  office  three  years.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1847  to  1851,and  United  States 
Senator  for  two  sessions,  to  succeed 
Mr.  Everett.  In  1853  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Convention  to  re 
vise  the  Constitution  of  Massachu 
setts;  and  in  1858  was  again  elected 
to  the  House  of  Representatives  of 
the  State. 

RODGERS,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  that 
State  in  1813;  adopted  the  profes 
sion  of  law ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1835  to  1837,  and  again  from 
1839  to  1843. 


RODMAN,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Bensalem,  Bucks  County, 
Pennsylvania,  October  7,  1757,  his 
parents  being  of  the  Society  of 
Friends.  He  received  a  liberal 
education ;  served  in  the  revolu 
tionary  war  as  a  soldier ;  under  the 
call  from  Washington,  he  raised 
and  commanded  a  company,  dur 
ing  the  "  Whisky  Insurrection"  in 
Western  Pennsylvania ;  he  was,  for 
many  years,  in  the  Legislature  of 
his  native  State  ;  and  he  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1811 
to  1813.  He  died  at  the  place  of 
his  birth,  July  27,  1824. 

RODNEY,  C.ESAR  A. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Delaware,  from  1 803  to 
1805.  He  was  appointed  Attorney- 
General  of  the  United  States,  by 
President  Jefferson,  and  in  1812 
commanded  a  company  of  volun 
teers  in  defence  of  Baltimore.  He 
was  a  Senator  of  the  United  States, 
from  1821  to  1823,  in  which  year 
he  was  appointed  United  States 
Minister  to  Buenos  Ayres.  He  died 
June  10,  1824. 

RODNEY,  DANIEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  the  State  of  Delaware, 
from  1822  to  1823,  and  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  1826  to  1827. 

RODNEY,  GEORGE   B. 

He  was  born  in  Delaware  ;  gra 
duated  at  Princeton  College  in  1820; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 


408 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


gress,  from  his  native  State,  from  I  He  is  at  the  present  time,  President 


1841  to  1845. 

ROGERS,  CHARLES. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 
He  also  served  in  the  Assembly 
of  New  York,  from  Washington 
County,  in  1833  and  1831. 

ROGERS,  EDWARD. 
He  was  born  in  Connecticut ; 
received  a  classical  education,  stu 
died  law,  and  settled  in  Madison 
County,  New  York.  He  was,  for 
many  years,  County  Judge  ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1843  to  1845. 
He  died  in  Galway,  Saratoga  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  May  23,  1857,  aged 
seventy  years. 

ROGERS,  SIGN  H. 
He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853  to 
1855. 

ROGERS,  THOMAS  I. 
He  was  born  in  "Waterford,  Ire 
land,  and  came  to  this  country  when 
three  years  of  age ;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsylva 
nia,  from  1818  to  1824. 

ROMAN,  JAMES  D. 
He  was  born  in  Maryland  ;  was 
educated  a  lawyer ;  was  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector  on  two  occasions ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 


of  the  Hagarstown  Bank. 

ROOSEVELT,  JAMES  I. 

Born  in  the  City  of  New  York, 
December,  1796;  was  educated  at 
Columbia  College  ;  studied  law  with 
Peter  Augustus  Jay,  and  was  for 
several  years  his  partner.  In  1835 
and  1840  he  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature,  and  in  1842  and 
1843  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York  City.  He  de 
clined  a  re-election,  and  went  abroad 
in  1843.  On  his  return  he  retired 
from  the  practice  of  law  to  private 
life;  but  was  induced  to  accept  the 
appointment  of  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  State,  in  1851. 
He  was  also  for  several  years  in  early 
life,  a  member  of  the  city  govern 
ment. 

ROOT,  ERASTUS. 

Born  in  Hebron,  Connecticut, 
March  1G,  1772  ;  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1793;  after  which 
he  taught  school  for  some  time  and 
then  studied  law  and  settled  in  Dela 
ware  County,  New  York,  in  1796. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  the  As 
sembly  eleven  years ;  Speaker  of 
the  House  three  years;  State  Se 
nator  eight  years,  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1803  to 
1805,  from  1809  to  1811,  1812  to 
1813,  1815  to  1817,  in  which  year 
he  was  appointed  Postmaster  at 
Delhi,  New  York,  and  was  re-elected 
to  Congress,  from  1831  to  1833. 
In  1822  he  was  chosen  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  the  State,  and  he  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


409 


also  major-general  of  militia.     He  j 
died  in  New  York  City,  December 
24,  1846.     His  intellect  and  tastes  ' 
were  highly  cultivated. 

ROOT,  JOSEPH  M. 

Born  in  Cnyuga,  New  York,  Oc 
tober  7,  1807  ;  read  law  at  Auburn, 
and  removed  to  Ohio  in  1829  ;  was 
appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  in 
that  State;  in  1840  chosen  to  the 
State  Senate ;  and  served  as  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1845 
to  1851.  He  was  for  a  time  Chair 
man  of  the  Committees  on  the  Post- 
office  and  Expenditures  in  the  Trea 
sury  Department. 

ROSE,  ROBERT   L. 

Born  in  Geneva,  New  York,  Oc 
tober  12,  1804;  is  a  farmer  by  oc 
cupation  ;  has  held  the  office  of  Su 
pervisor  for  the  town  of  Allen's 
Hill,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1847  to  1851. 

ROSE,  ROBERT  S. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  the  State  of  New  York, 
from  1823  to  1827,  and  again  from 
1829  to  1831.  He  died  at  Water 
loo,  New  York,  November  24,  1835, 
aged  sixty-three  years. 

ROSS,  HENRY  II. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1825 
to  1827. 

ROSS,  JAMES. 

Born  about  the  year  ltd,  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  Senator 


in  Congress,  from  It 94  to  1803,  and 
died  at  his  residence  near  Pittsburg, 
November  2t,  1847. 

ROSS,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1809 
to  1811,  and  again  from  1815  to 
1818. 

ROSS,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  ; 
graduated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1825  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1849  to  1853. 

ROSS,  THOMAS  R. 
lie  was  born  in  Chester  County, 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1819  to  1825. 

ROWAN,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
in  1773;  emigrated  to  Kentucky 
when  quite  young  ;  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  which  formed 
the  Constitution  of  1799  ;  he  was 
Secretary  of  State  in  1804;  elected 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  1807 
to  1809  ;  for  many  years  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly ;  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Appeals  in  1819  ; 
and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  1825  to  1831.  His  last  pub 
lic  position  was  that  of  Commis 
sioner  for  carrying  out  a  late  treaty 
with  Mexico,  lie  died  in  Louis 
ville,  Kentucky,  July  13,  1843. 

HOWE,  PETER. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1853 
to  1855. 


410 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ROYCE,  HOMER  E. 

He  was  born  in  Berkshire,  Ver 
mont,  in  1819  ;  received  a  common 
school  education  ;  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1842 ; 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature  in  1846  and  184T  ;  was  Pro 
secuting  Attorney  for  the  State  in 
1848;  a  State  Senator  in  1849, 
1850,  and  1851 ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  New  York,  to 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Foreign  Affairs.  He  has  also  been 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

RUFFIN,  THOMAS. 

BorninEdgecomb  County,  North 
Carolina ;  graduated  at  Chapel 
Hill  University ;  is  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession,  and  served  as  Circuit  Attor 
ney  of  the  Seventh  Judicial  Circuit 
of  the  State  of  Missouri,  from  De 
cember,  1844,  to  December.  1848  ; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative, 
from  North  Carolina,  to  the  Thirty- 
third,  Thirty-fourth,  and  Thirty- 
fifth  Congresses,  and  is  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  Public  Lands 
and  on  Accounts. 

RUGGLES,  BENJAMIN. 

Born  in  Windham  County,  Con 
necticut.  He  obtained  the  means 
for  receiving  a  classical  education 
by  teaching  a  school  in  winter.  He 
studied  law,  and  after  his  admission 
to  the  bar  removed  to  Marietta, 
Ohio ;  he  subsequently  settled  at 
St.  Clairsville;  and  in  1810  was 
elected  President  Judge  of  the 


Court  of  Common  Pleas  for  the 
Third  Circuit.  He  was  elected,  by 
the  Legislature,  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  from  Ohio,  serving 
from  1815  to  1833  ;  and  from  his 
well-known  habits  of  industry  and 
constant  devotion  to  the  interests 
of  his  clients,  he  was  called  "  The 
"Wheel-horse  of  the  Senate."  From 
his  youth  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity.  He  died  at 
St.  Clairsville,  September  2,  1857, 
aged  seventy-four  years. 

RUGGLES,  CHARLES  H. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1820,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1821  to  1823. 

RUGGLES,  JOHN. 

He  was  well  educated,  but  pos 
sessed  a  taste  for  the  mechanic  arts, 
and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Maine,  from  1835  to  1841,  and  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Com 
merce.  He  took  a  special  interest 
in,  and  was  the  originator,  when  in 
Congress,  of  the  idea  of  a  reorgani 
zation  of  the  Patent-office,  and  the 
very  first  patent  granted  after  the 
reorganization,  July  28,  1836,  was 
granted  to  him.  for  a  locomotive 
steam-engine. 

RUGGLES,  NATHANIEL. 

He  was  a  native  of  Massachu 
setts  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1781 ;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1813  to  1819,  and  died  near 
the  close  of  the  latter  year. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


411 


RUMSEY,  DAVID. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1851. 

RUMSEY,  EDWARD. 

lie  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1837  to  1839. 

RUNK,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1847. 

RUSK,  THOMAS  J. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina ; 
studied  law,  and  practiced  with  suc 
cess  in  Georgia.     In  the  early  part 
of  1835  he  removed  to  Texas,  and 
was  a  prominent  actor  in  all  the 
important  events  in  the  history  of 
the  Republic  and  State  of  Texas. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  that  declared  Texas  an  inde 
pendent  Republic,  in  March,  1836  ; 
was   the   first   Secretary  of  War; 
participated  in  the  battle  of  San 
Jacinto,  and  took  command  of  the 
army  after   General  Houston  was 
wounded.     He  continued   in  com 
mand  of  the  army  until  the  organi 
zation  of  the  Constitutional  Govern 
ment,  in  October,  1836,  when  he  was 
again  appointed  Secretary  of  War, 
and  resigned  after  a  few  mouths. 
He  afterwards  commanded  several 
expeditions   against  the    Indians ; 
served  as  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  and  as  Chief  Jus 
tice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  which  | 


last  office  he  resigned  early  in  1842. 
In  1845  he  was  President  of  the 
Convention  that  consummated  the 
annexation  of  Texas  to  the  United 
States.     Upon    the    admission    of 
Texas  into  the  Union  he  was  elected 
one  of  the  Senators  in  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States,  in  which  office 
he    served    two    terms,    and    was 
elected    for  the   third   term.     He 
was  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Post-office.     He  took  a  deep 
interest  in  the  wagon-road  to  the 
Pacific,  and  the  overland  mail.     At 
the  time  of  his  death,  which    oc 
curred  in  Nacogdoches,  Texas,  July 
29,   1856,  he   was   President,  pro 
tern.,  of  the  Senate.     In  a  moment 
of  insanity,  caused  by  overwhelming 
grief  at  the  death  of  his  wife,  he 
took  his  own  life,  aged  fifty-four. 

RUSS,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  native  of  Ipswich,  Mas 
sachusetts,  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Connecticut, 
from  1819  to  1823. 

RUSSELL,  DAVID. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1835 
to  1841.  He  was  also  in  the  As 
sembly  of  that  State,  in  1816  and 
1830,  from  Washington  County. 

RUSSELL,  JAMES  M. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1842  to 
1843. 


412 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


RUSSELL,  JEREMIAH. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

RUSSELL,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1805 
to  1809. 

RUSSELL,  JONATHAN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
gress,from  Massachusetts,  from  1821 
to  1823. 

RUSSELL,   JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1845 

to  1847. 

RUSSELL,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853  to 
1855. 

RUSSELL,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  hav 
ing  emigrated  to  Ohio,  was  a  Rep 
resentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1827  to  1833,  and  again 
from  1841  to  1843. 

RUSSELL,  WILLIAM  F. 

Born  in  Saugerties,  Ulster  Coun 
ty,  New  York ;  was  a  merchant  for 
twenty  years,  and  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  New  York,  in  1850, 
serving  one  term  ;  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  New  York,  in  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 


RUST,  ALBERT. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
removing  to  Arkansas,  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1855  to  1857. 

RUTHERFORD,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York 
City ;  a  nephew  of  William  Alex 
ander,  Earl  of  Stirling  ;  graduated 
at  New  Jersey  College  in  1176; 
was  educated  a  lawyer ;  was  one  of 
the  first  Presidential  Electors,  and 
a  Senator  of  the  United  States, 
from  New  Jersey,  from  1791  to 
1798  ;  and  was  the  last  survivor  of 
the  Senators  in  Congress,  during 
the  administration  of  Washington. 
He  early  retired  from  public  life, 
and,  being  one  of  the  largest  land 
holders  in  New  Jersey,  was  actively 
engaged  in  agricultural  and  inter 
nal  improvements.  He  died  at 
Ederston,  New  Jersey,  February 
23,  1840,  in  the  eightieth  year  of 
his  age. 

RUTHERFORD,  ROBERT. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1793  to 
1797. 

RUTLEDGE,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Ireland;  emi 
grated  in  1735  to  South  Carolina; 
studied  law  in  England,  and,  return 
ing  to  South  Carolina  in  1761,  took 
an  active  part  in  the  revolutionary 
cause,  and  was  a  Delegate  to  the 
Continental  Congress.  In  1776 
he  was  appointed  President  of  South 
Carolina,  and  commander-in-chief 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


413 


of  that  Colony.  lie  was  Governor 
of  the  State  in  1779;  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1797  to 
1803  ;  and,  after  having  been  Judge 
of  the  Court  of  Chancery,  Chief 
Justice  of  South  Carolina,  Judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  was  finally  promoted  to  the 
position  of  Chief  Justice,  in  which 
capacity  he  died  in  1800. 

HYALL,  D.  B. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1841. 

SABIN,  ALOAII. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1857. 

SABINE,  LORENZO. 

He  was  born  in  Lisbon,  New 
Hampshire,  February  28, 1803 ;  was 
entirely  self-educated;  was  bred  a 
merchant ;  was  for  many  years  a 
bank  officer,  and  is  at  the  present 
time  Secretary  of  the  Boston  Board 
of  Trade.  He  was  three  times 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Maine, 
from  East  port,  and  was  at  one  time 
Deputy  Collector  of  the  port  of 
Passamaquoddy.  He  has  held,  in 
Massachusetts,  the  position  of  Con 
fidential  Agent  of  the  Treasury  De 
partment;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
second  Congress.  He  has  devoted 
much  of  his  time  to  literary  pursuits, 
and  is  the  author  of  "Life  of  Com 
modore  Preble,"  "The  American 
Loyalists,"  "  Report  on  the  Ameri 


can  Fisheries,"  and  "  Notes  on  Duels 
and  Dueling,"  and  has  been  a  con 
tributor  to  the  North  American 
Review.  The  degree  of  A.M.  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  Bowdoiu 
and  Harvard  Colleges. 

SACKETT,  WILLIAM  A. 

Born  in  New  York,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1849  to  1853,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Revolutionary  Pensions. 

SAGE,  EBEXEZER. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1778,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1809  to  1815,  and  again  from  1819 
to  1820.  He  died  in  1834. 

SAGE,  RUSSELL. 

Born  in  Oneida  County,  New 
York,  August  4,  1816;  received  a 
common  school  education;  com 
menced  active  life  as  clerk  in  a  store 
at  Troy,  and  until  1853  was  wholly 
devoted  to  mercantile  pursuits.  In 
1841  he  was  elected  an  alderman  in 
the  City  of  Troy,  and,  by  animal 
elections,  served  seven  years  in  that 
capacity  ;  he  was  also  Treasurer  of 
Rensselaer  County  for  seven  years, 
in  which  office  he  was  especially 
popular ;  and  he  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1853  to  1857,  serving  on  the 
Committees  on  Invalid  Pensions 
and  on  Ways  and  Means.  He  was 
the  first  man  who  advocated,  on  the 
floor  of  Congress,  the  purchase  by 
the  General  Government  of  Mount 


414 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Yernon,  and  he  was  among  the 
most  active  supporters  of  Mr.  Banks 
for  the  office  of  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives.  He  is 
at  the  present  time  wholly  devoted 
to  his  private  affairs. 

SAILLY,  PETER. 

He  was  born  in  Loraine,  France, 
first  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1183,  and  settled  in  Clinton  Coun 
ty,  New  York.  Having  been  well 
educated,  and  possessing  a  decided 
talent  for  business,  he  acquired  con 
siderable  influence,  and  held  several 
offices  of  public  trust  in  his  adopted 
State.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1805  to  1807,  and  on  his  retirement 
from  that  position,  he  was  appoint 
ed,  by  President  Jefferson,  Collec 
tor  of  Customs  for  the  District  of 
Champlain,  holding  the  office  until 
his  death,  which  occurred  at  Platts- 
burg,  in  1826. 

SALTONSTALL,  LEVERETT. 

Born  in  Massachusetts  in  IT 81 ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1802  ;  commenced  the  practice  of 
law  in  Salem  in  1805,  and  was  dis 
tinguished  as  a  lawyer;  he  fre 
quently  served  in  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1839  to  1843.  He 
was  also  an  active  member  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sciences,  and  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society,  and  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Laws  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  Harvard  College,  to 
which  he  left  a  legacy,  and  he  also 


made  a  bequest  of  valuable  books 
to  Phillips's  Academy,  at  Exeter, 
where  he  commenced  his  education. 
He  died  at  Salem,  Massachusetts, 
May  8,  1845. 

SAMMONS,   THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1803 
to  1801,  and  again  from  1809  to 
1813. 

SAMPLE,  SAMUEL  C. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Indiana,  from  1843  to  1845. 

SAMPSON,  ZABDIEL. 

He  was  born  in  Plympton,  Mas 
sachusetts;  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1803,  and  adopted 
the  profession  of  law.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
his  native  State, from  1817  to  1819; 
and  in  1820  he  was  appointed  Col 
lector  of  Customs  at  Plymouth, 
where  he  died,  while  in  office,  July 
19,  1828. 

SAMUEL,  GREEN  B. 

Born  in  Yirginia,  and  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1839  to  1841. 

SANDFORD,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1841 
to  1843,  and  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Senate,  in  the  extra  session 
of  1851.  He  died  in  Amsterdam, 
Montgomery  County,  New  York, 
October,  1857. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


415 


SANDFORD,  JONAH. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1827  and  1830, 
from  the  County  of  St.  Lawrence, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1830  to  1831. 

SAXDIDGE,  JOHX  M. 

Born  in  Franklin  County,  Geor 
gia,  January  7,  1817  ;  is  a  planter 
by  occupation,  and  served  as  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature  of  Louisiana 
from  1846  to  1855.  In  1852  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Convention  that 
framed  the  present  Constitution  of 
that  State  ;  Speaker  of  the  House 
in  1854  and  1855;  and  elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  is 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Pri 
vate  Land  Claims. 

SAN  FORD,  JAMES  T. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1823  to 
1825. 

SANFORD,  NATHAN. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
and  held  successively  the  public  po 
sitions  of  Speaker  of  the  New  York 
Assembly,  District  Attorney  of  the 
United  States  for  his  State,  United 
States  Senator  from  1815  to  1821, 
Chancellor  of  the  State,  and  was 
again  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1825  to  1*31.  He  died  on  Long 
Island,  in  October,  1838. 

SANFORD,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1803  to 
1807. 


SANDS,  JOSHUA. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Senate,  from  King's  County, 
from  1792  to  1799,  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1803  to 
1804,  and  again  from  1825  to  1827. 

SAPP,  WILLIAM  R. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1857. 

SAUNDERS,  ROMULUS  M. 

Born  in  Caswell  County,  North 
Carolina,  March,  1791.  He  re 
ceived  an  academical  education, 
and  spent  two  years  in  the  uni 
versity  of  that  State.  He  studied 
law  in  Tennessee,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  there  in  1812.  He  re 
turned  to  North  Carolina;  was  in 
the  House  of  Commons  from  1815 
to  1820,  and  for  two  years  Speaker 
of  the  House.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1821 
to  1827,  and  from  1841  to  1845. 
In  1828  he  was  Attorney-General 
of  the  State;  in  1833  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Board  of  Commission 
ers  to  settle  the  claims  of  American 
citizens  under  the  Treaty  of  July  4, 
1831,  with  France ;  in  1835  he  was 
elected  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court;  in  1846  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Polk,  Minister  to 
Spain,  where  he  remained  four 
years ;  on  his  return,  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  North 
Carolina,  and  since  then  has  been 
devoting  much  attention  to  the  rail 
road  improvements  of  the  State. 


416 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


SAVAGE,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1814  ;  and  from 
1815  to  1819  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State.  He 
subsequently  held  the  positions  of 
District  Attorney,  Comptroller  of 
the  State,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court,  and  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States  for  New  York. 

SAVAGE,  JOHN  H. 

He  is  a  native  of  Warren  Coun 
ty,  Tennessee ;  during  his  minority 
he  volunteered  as  a  private  soldier 
under  General  Gaines  to  defend  the 
Texan  frontier,  also  served  during 
a  campaign  in  Florida.  He  after 
wards  studied  law,  and  commenced 
practice,  in  1837,  at  Smithville, 
Tennessee.  He  was  elected  colonel 
of  the  Tennessee  militia  ;  was  elected 
by  the  Legislature  Attorney-Ge 
neral  of  the  Fourth  District  of  his 
State  in  1841,  and  held  the  office 
until  1847.  During  that  year  he 
received  from  President  Polk  the 
appointment  of  major  in  the  14th 
Regiment  United  States  Infantry, 
and  joining  the  American  army  in 
Mexico,  was  present  at  the  battles 
of  Contreras,  Cherrubusco  and  Mo 
lina  del  Rey,  and  was  wounded  at 
Chapultepec.  He  was  promoted 
to  the  position  of  lieutenant-co 
lonel,  and  as  such,  had  command  of 
his  regiment,  after  the  death  of 
Colonel  Graham,  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  On  returning  to  Ten 
nessee,  he  resumed  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  and  was  first  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  in 


1849;  he  was  re-elected  in  1851; 
declined  being  a  candidate  in  1853  ; 
and  was  re-elected  in  1855  and 
1857.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 

SAWTELLE,  CULLEN. 

He  was  born  in  Maine ;  gradua 
ted  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1825  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1845 
to  1847,  and  again  from  1849  to 
1851. 

SAWYER,   LEMUEL. 

Was  born  in  Camden  County, 
North  Carolina,  in  1777  ;  educated 
at  Flat  Bush,  New  York  ;  studied 
law;  was  in  the  State  Legislature 
in  1801 ;  and  voted  in  the  Electoral 
College  for  Thomas  Jefferson  in 
1804.  He  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  Congress,  in  1807,  serv 
ing  until  1813 ;  and  subsequently 
served  in  the  same  capacity,  from 
1817  to  1823,  and  from  1825  to 
1829.  About  the  year  1850,  he  re 
moved  to  Washington,  and  held  a 
clerkship  in  one  of  the  Depart 
ments. 

SAWYER,  S.  T 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837 
to  1839. 

SAWYER,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1845  to  1849. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


417 


SAY,  BENJAMIN. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1808 
to  1809. 

SCALES,  ALFRED  M.,  JR. 

He  was  born  in  Rockingharn 
County,  North  Carolina,  November 
26,  1827  ;  was  educated  chiefly  at 
the  Chapel  Hill  University  ;  adopt 
ed  the  profession  of  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1851  ;  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  North 
Carolina  in  1852  and  1850  ;  and  in 
1857  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive,  from  his  native  State,  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia. 

SCAMMON,  JOHN  F. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1845  to  1847. 

SCHENCK,  ABRAHAM  H. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1804,  1805,  and 
180G  ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1815 
to  1817. 

SCHEXCK,  FERDINAND  S. 

Born  in  Middlesex  County,  New 
Jersey,  February  11,  1790;  he  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education  ; 
and,  having  studied  medicine,  has 
been  devoted  to  the  practice  ever 
since.  In  1829  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature,  and  re-elect 
ed  in  1830  and  1831,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
27 


New  Jersey,  from  1833  to  1837. 
He  was  a  member,  in  1844,  of  the 
Convention  to  revise  the  State  Con 
stitution,  and  was  soon  after  elected 
a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Errors, 
which  position  he  held  for  eight 
years. 

SCIIENCK,  ROBERT  C. 
Born  in  Franklin,  Warren  Coun 
ty,  Ohio,    October  4,   1809;    gra 
duated   with   high    honors   at  the 
Miami  University  in  1827,  where 
he  remained  one  or  two  years  as  a 
tutor  ;  he  studied  law  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1831,  and  set 
tled  in  Dayton,  where  he  has  since 
resided.     In   1840  he  was  elected 
to  the  Ohio  Legislature  ;  re-elected 
;   in  1842;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1843 
;   to   1851,    serving    on    many'  com- 
|   mittees,  and  during  the  Thirtieth 
i    Congress,    as     Chairman    of    the 
,    Committee  on  Roads  and  Canals. 
j   On  his  retirement  from  Congress, 
i   President  Fillmore  tendered  to  him 
!  the    appointment    of    Minister   to 
I  Brazil,    which    he    accepted,    and 
during  his  residence  in  South  Ame 
rica  took    part    in    negotiating   a 
number  of  treaties.     He  returned 
home  in  1853,  since  which  time  he 
j   has  taken  no  special  interest  in  poli- 
|  tics,  but  is  extensively  engaged  in 
1   the    railway   business,   being    pre- 
!   sident   of  a  company  owning  the 
!  line  between  Fort  Wayne  and  the 

Mississippi  River. 

i 

SCHERMERIIORN,  ABRAHAM  M. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1849 


418 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


to   1853,   and   died   in   Rochester, 
New  York,  August  22,  1855. 

SCHLEY,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Frederick  City,  Mary 
land,  December  15,  1786.  He 
received  an  academical  education  in 
Georgia ;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  at  Augusta,  in 
1812  ;  continued  the  practice  of  his 
profession  until  1825,  when  he  was 
elected  a  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  the  Middle  District  of 
Georgia.  He  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1830,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1833  to  1835,  and  during  the  two 
following  years  was  Governor  of 
Georgia.  He  published  a  "  Di 
gest  of  the  English  Statutes." 
He  was,  when  Governor,  one  of  the 
most  active  supporters  of  the  West 
ern  and  Atlantic  R.ailroad,  and  at 
the  time  of  his  death  was  President 
of  the  Medical  College  of  Georgia. 
He  died  at  Augusta,  Georgia,  No 
vember  20,  1858. 

SCITOOLCRAFT,  JOHN  L. 

Born  in  New  York,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1849  to  1853. 

SCHOONMAKER,  CORNELIUS  C. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Y.ork,  from  1791 
to  1793,  and  was  for  fourteen  years, 
before  and  after  the  above  term,  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assem 
bly,  from  the  County  of  Ulster. 


SCHOONMAKER,  MARIUS. 

Born  in  New  York,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

SCHUREMAN,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  prominent  man  in  New 
Jersey,  during  the  Revolution,  and 
was  a  graduate  of  Queen's  College. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1789 
to  1791,  and  from  1797  to  1799; 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1799 
to  1801  ;  and  again  a  Representa 
tive,  from  1813  to  1815.  He  was 
also,  at  one  time,  Mayor  of  New 
Brunswick. 

SCHUREMAN,  MARTIN  G. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1805 
to  1807. 

SCHUYLER,  J. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1817 
to  1819,  and  died  in  New  York 
City,  February  21, 1835,  aged  sixty- 
seven  years. 

SCHUYLER,  rillLIP. 

Was  a  native  of  Albany,  New 
York.  He  was  appointed  major- 
general  in  the  army  of  the  Revolu 
tion  in  1775,  and  dispatched  to  the 
fortifications  in  the  north  of  New 
York,  to  prepare  for  the  invasion  of 
Canada.  By  the  loss  of  his  health, 
the  command  soon  devolved  upon 
Montgomery.  On  his  recovery,  he 
directed  the  operations  against 
Burgoyne,  and  in  consequence  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


410 


the  evacuation  of  Ticonderoga,  he 
unreasonably  fell  under  some  suspi 
cion,  and  was  superseded  in  com 
mand  by  General  Gates.  He  after 
wards  rendered  important  services, 
though  not  in  command.  He  was 
a  Delegate  to  Congress  previous 
to  the  present  Constitution,  and  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States,  from 
1789  to  1791.  He  died  at  Albany 
in  1804,  aged  seventy -three. 

SCOTT,  CHARLES  L. 

He  was  born  in  Richmond,  Vir 
ginia,  January  23,  1837  ;  graduated 
at  William  and  Mary  College ; 
studied  law,  and  formed  a  partner 
ship  with  his  father  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession,  at  Richmond. 
In  1849  he  embarked,  as  a  member 
of  the  Madison  Mining  and  Trad 
ing  Company,  for  California.  In 
1851  he  abandoned  the  mines,  and 
resumed  the  practice  of  law  in 
Tuolumne  County,  California.  He 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  Cali 
fornia,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittees  on  Indian  Affairs,  and  on 
Post-offices  and  Post-roads. 

SCOTT,  HENRY  D. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  having 
removed  to  Indiana,  was  elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress,  from  that  State. 

SCOTT,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Queen  Ann 
County,  Maryland,  was  a  Delegate 
to  Congress,  from  the  Territory  of 
Missouri,  from  1816  to  1821,  and 


a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
the  same  State,  from  1821  to  1827. 

SCOTT,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Huntingdon  County, 
Pennsylvania,  from  1829  to  1831. 

SCOTT,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1789 
to  1791,  and  again  from  1793  to 
1795. 

SCUDUER,  TREADWELL. 

He  was  for  six  years  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Assembly,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1817  to  1819. 

SCUDDER,  ZENO. 

He  filled  with  credit  various  pub 
lic  positions.  He  was  President  of 
the  Massachusetts  Senate,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1851  to  1854,  when  he  was  com 
pelled,  by  failing  health,  to  resign 
his  seat.  He  was  a  good  lawyer, 
enjoyed  the  confidence  and  respect 
of  the  community  in  which  he  lived, 
and  died  at  Barnstable,  Massachu 
setts,  June  26,  1857. 

SCURRY,  RICHARDSON. 

Born  in  Tennessee,  and  was  elect-  • 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Texas,  from  1851  to  1853. 

SEAMAN,  HENRY  J. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1847. 


420 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


SEARING,  JOHN  A. 

Born  in  Queen's  County,  New 
York,  May  14,  1814.  His  father 
died  when  he  was  young,  and  he 
was  educated  at  the  common  schools 
of  New  York,  by  his  grandparents. 
He  was  bred  a  farmer,  held  several 
public  positions  previously  to  his 
election  as  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  in  1853,  and  was  chosen 
a  Representative  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittees  of  Revolutionary  Pensions 
and  Accounts. 

SEAVER,  EBENEZER. 

Born  in  1763,  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  in  1784  ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1803  to  1813. 
He  died  in  Roxbury,  Massachu 
setts,  March  1,  1844. 

SEBASTIAN,  W.  K. 

Born  in  Vernon,  Tennessee,  and 
educated  at  Columbia  College,  in 
that  State.  He  settled  as  a  lawyer 
in  Arkansas,  in  1835,  and  was  soon 
after  appointed  Prosecuting  Attor 
ney,  and  held  the  office  until  1837  ; 
he  was  Circuit  Judge  from  1840  to 
1842,  and  was  appointed  in  the 
latter  year  Supreme  Judge.  He 
was  a  State  Senator,  and  President 
of  the  body  in  1846 ;  and  Presi 
dential  Elector  in  1848.  He  was 
a  United  States  Senator,  from  1848 
to  1852,  and  re-elected  for  a  term 
of  six  years  ;  he  is  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs,  and 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Territories. 


SEDDON,  JAMES  A. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1845  to  1847,  and  again  from  1849 
to  1851. 


SEDGWICK,  THEODORE. 

Was  born  at  West  Hartford, 
Connecticut,  in  May,  1746.  He  was 
educated  at  Yale  College,  but  did 
not  graduate.  On  leaving  this  in 
stitution,  he  commenced  the  study 
of  theology,  but  soon  relinquished 
it,  and  studied  law,  and  was  admit 
ted  to  the  bar  before  reaching  the 
age  of  twenty-one.  He  commenced 
to  practice  at  Great  Barrington, 
Massachusetts,  then  settled  at  Shef 
field,  and  afterwards  at  Stockbridge, 
in  the  same  county.  He  was  a  zeal 
ous  patriot  in  the  revolutionary 
war.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Provincial  Congress,  in  1785  and 
1786;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  after  the  adoption  of  the 
Constitution,  from  1789  to  1796. 
He  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  from  1796  to  1798.  In 
1799  he  was  again  a  member  of  the 
House,  and  was  chosen  Speaker. 
From  1802  until  his  death,  he  was 
a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Massachusetts.  He  died  at  Boston, 
January  24,  1813.  He  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  Princeton 
and  Cambridge ;  as  a  statesman 
and  jurist,  he  was  highly  valued  by 
his  country.  His  life  was  in  an 
uncommon  degree  varied  and  ac 
tive  ;  his  industry  was  unwearied, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


CJ1 


and  an  ardent  enthusiasm  was  the 
basis  of  his  character. 

SELDEN,  DUDLEY. 

Formerly  a  prominent  member  of 
the  New  York  bar,  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1833  to  1S3">.  He  died  in 
Paris,  France,  November  7,  1855. 

SKMMES,  BENEDICT  J. 

Was  born  in  Charles  County, 
Maryland,  November  1,  1780.  lie 
was  bred  to  the  profession  of  medi 
cine,  and  graduated  at  the  Medical 
School  in  Baltimore,  about  the  year 
1811.  He  settled  in  Piscataway, 
Maryland,  where  he  acquired  an  ex 
tensive  practice,  but  subsequently 
relinquished  his  profession.  In  the 
year  1821  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature ;  was  again  elected 
in  1825,  1827,  and  1828,  and  during 
one  session  was  chosen  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Delegates.  In  1821 
he  introduced  and  carried  through, 
a  bill  for  removing  religious  tests, 
as  applicable  to  office  in  Maryland. 
In  1829  he  was  elected  to  Congress, 
from  the  district  composed  of  Prince 
George  and  Anne  Arundel  Counties, 
and  the  City  of  Annapolis,  lie 
was  re-elected  in  1831,  but  his 
health  soon  after  failing,  he  found 
it  necessary  to  retire,  at  a  time 
when  there  was  no  opposition  to 
him  in  his  district.  He  again 
served  in  the  State  Legislature  in 
1842  and  1843,  since  which  time 
he  has  lived  in  retirement  on  his 
estate,  in  the  County  of  Prince 
George. 


SEMPLE,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Illinois,  from  1843  to  1847. 

SENEY,  JOSHUA. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1789  to 
1792. 

SENTER,  WILLIAM  T. 

Born  in  Granger  County,  Ten 
nessee,  in  1802,  and  died  there 
August  28,  1849.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

SERGEANT,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
1779;  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1795 ;  he  was  for  a  short 
time  a  clerk  in  a  store,  but  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1799.  His  first  appointment  was 
that  of  Prosecutor  for  the  Common 
wealth,  which  he  held  several  years. 
He  was  for  more  than  half  a  cen 
tury  known  and  honored  for  his  ex 
traordinary  ability  in  his  profession 
of  the  law,  for  his  habitual  cour 
tesy,  his  liberal  fairness,  and  his  in 
tegrity.  Elected  to  Congress,  he 
served  there  from  1815  to  1823, 
from  1827  to  1829,  and  from  1837 
to  1842.  He  was  especially  famous 
for  his  part  in  the  great  Missouri 
Compromise  of  1820.  For  the  Pa 
nama  Congress,  Mr.  Sergeant  was 
selected  by  President  Adams  to  re 
present  the  United  States.  The 
measures  of  international  law  which 
were  proposed  to  be  settled  in  that 
Congress  were  deemed  so  important, 


422 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


that  Mr.  Clay,  the  Secretary  of 
State,  had  filled  eighty  pages  of  in 
structions  to  Mr.  Sergeant  on  the 
subject.  In  1832  Mr.  Sergeant 
was  the  Whig  candidate  for  Vice- 
President,  being  upon  the  same 
ticket  with  Henry  Clay.  Forty- 
nine  electoral  votes  were  cast  for 
these  candidates.  At  the  outset  of 
Harrison's  administration,  Mr.  Ser 
geant  was  tendered  the  mission  to 
England,  which  he  declined.  In 
the  cause  of  charity  he  was  never 
appealed  to  in  vain;  and  for  many 
years  before  his  death,  took  an  active 
interest  in  all  the  public  affairs  of 
his  native  city.  He  died  in  Phila 
delphia,  November  23,  1852. 

SETTLE,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Rockingham 
County,  North  Carolina.  He  was 
a  Representative  in  the  State  Le 
gislature  of  that  State  in  1815, 
and  in  1826,  1827,  and  1823,  at 
which  last  session  he  was  Speaker 
of  the  House  of  Commons.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  1811  to  1821.  In  1832  he 
was  chosen  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  Law  and  Equity,  and  held 
the  office  for  twenty  years,  when  he 
resigned.  He  was  highly  esteemed 
far  his  many  virtues.  He  died  in 
Rockingham  County,  August  5, 
1851,  aged  sixty-five. 

SEVERANCE,  LUTHER. 

He  was  the  founder  and  editor  of 
the  Kennebeck  Journal,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Maine,  from  1843  to  1847.  He 


was  frequently  a  member  of  the 
Maine  Legislature,  and,  by  Presi 
dent  Taylor,  was  appointed  Com 
missioner  to  the  Sandwich  Islands. 
He  died  of  a  cancer,  January  25, 
1855,  at  Augusta,  Maine. 

SEVIER,  AMBROSE  IT. 

Born  in  Tennessee,  in  1802.  He 
had  few  early  advantages  of  educa 
tion,  but  he  relied  on  his  own  ener 
gies,  and  removed  to  the  Territory 
of  Arkansas,  where,  before  the  age 
of  twenty-one,  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  as  an  attorney.  He  was 
first  elected  Clerk  of  the  Legisla 
ture,  and  so  soon  as  he  was  eligible, 
was  elected  a  member  of  that  body, 
first  in  1823,  and  again  in  1825. 
From  1827  to  1836  he  was  a  Dele 
gate  to  Congress,  from  Arkansas, 
and  when  the  Territory  became  a 
State,  in  1836,  he  was  elected  a 
Senator  iu  Congress.  He  was 
Chairman,  for  many  years,  of  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs,  and 
afterwards  of  the  Committee  on. 
Foreign  Relations.  He  resigned 
his  seat  in  the  Senate  in  1848,  to 
accept  the  appointment,  from  Presi 
dent  Polk,  of  a  special  mission  to 
Mexico,  to  negotiate  a  peace.  He 
possessed  the  unbounded  confidence 
of  his  constituents  and  party.  He 
died  at  Little  Rock,  December  21, 
1848. 

SEVIER,  JOHN. 

A  native  of  Tennessee ;  was  an 
officer  in  the  revolutionary  war, 
and  distinguished  himself  in  the  bat 
tle  at  King's  Mountain,  in  1780. 
For  his  services,  on  that  occasion, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  Legislature  of  North  Carolina, 
in  1813,  voted  him  a  sword.  He 
commanded  the  forces  which  defeat 
ed  the  Creek  and  Cherokee  Indians, 
in  17 S!).  He  was  afterwards  a 
general  in  the  Provisional  army,  and 
in  179S  Governor  of  Tennessee  ;  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1811  to  1815,  and  was  then 
appointed  one  of  the  Commissioners 
to  ascertain  the  boundary  line,  and 
died  while  engaged  in  that  service, 
at  Fort  Decatur,  in  October,  1815. 

SEWALL,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  Boston,  December  11, 
1757.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  177(5;  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession,  and  settled  at  Marble- 
head;  in  1796  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  serving  till 
1800,  and  was  distinguished  in  that 
body  by  his  knowledge  of  commer 
cial  law.  In  1800  he  was  placed 
upon  the  bench  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Massachusetts,  and  in  1813 
was  appointed  Chief  Justice.  He 
died  at  Wiscasset,  June  8,  1814, 
when  the  gentlemen  of  the  bar 
erected  a  monument  to  his  memory. 

SEWARD,  WILLIAM  H. 

Born  in  Florida,  Orange  County, 
New  York,  in  1801.  He  graduated 
at  Union  College  in  1820  ;  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1822,  and  en 
tered  upon  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  at  Auburn,  in  his  native 
State,  the  following  year.  In  1830 
he  was  elected  to  the  New  York 
Senate  for  four  years.  In  1834  he 
was  nominated  by  the  Whig  party 


their  candidate  for  Governor  of  the 
State,  but  failed  of  an  election.     In 
1838,  however,  on  a  second  nomina 
tion   for   the   same   office,  he   was 
elected,  and  entered  upon  the  dis- 
|  charge   of  his  duties   in   January, 
j  1839.     During  the  four  years  that 
he  held  that  office,  he  upheld  the 
!  system    of    internal    improvements, 
and  devoted  himself  to  reforming 
and  improving  the  system  of  public 
education.     His  plan  for  taking  the 
management  of  the  public  schools 
in  New  York  out  of  the  hands  of 
the  Public  School  Society,  and  sub 
jecting  them  to  the  control  of  the 
State,  caused  considerable  feeling  on 
the  subject  at  the  time,  and  gave  rise 
to  an  animated  contest  between  the 
Protestants,  who  maintained  the  ex 
isting  system,  and  the  Roman  Catho 
lics,  who  favored  the  change.  On  the 
j  expiration  of  his  second  term  of  office, 
!  Mr.  Seward  declined  to  be  a  candi- 
!  date  for  re-election,  and  resumed  the 
|  practice  of  his  profession  at  Auburn, 
in  1843.     He  had  an  extensive  prac- 
,  tice,  chiefly  in  the  Federal  courts. 
In    March,    1849,    he    was    chosen 
United  States  Senator  for  six  years, 
and  took  his  seat  at  the  extra  ses 
sion  called  to  consider  the  nomina 
tions  of  President  Taylor.    He  was 
re-elected  in  1855,  and  still  holds 
the  position. 

SEYBEKT,  ADAM. 

He  was  a  citizen  of  Philadelphia, 
;  and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
j  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1809  to 

1815,  and  again  from  1817  to  1819. 

He  died  at  Paris,  May  2,  1825,  be- 


424 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


queathing  $1000  for  educating  the 
deaf  and  dumb,  and  $500  to  the  Or 
phan  Asylum  in  Philadelphia.  He 
was  a  man  of  science,  and  was  par 
ticularly  skillful  as  a  chemist  and 
mineralogist.  lie  published  Statis 
tical  Annals  of  the  United  States, 
from  1789  to  1818. 

SEYMOUR,  DAVID  L. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly  in  1836,  from  Rens- 
selaer  County,  and  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1843  to  1845. 

SEYMOUR,  DAVID  L. 

Born  in  Connecticut,  and  was  a 
Representative  of  that  State,  in 
Congress,  from  1851  to  1853. 

SEYMOUR,  HORATIO. 

Born  in  Litchfield,  Connecticut, 
May  31,  1778;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1797;  studied  law  at  the 
Litchfield  school,  and  settled  in  Mid- 
dlebury,  Vermont.  lie  was  a  Judge 
of  Probate,  member  of  the  Council, 
and  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1821  to  1833.  He  died  at  Middle- 
bury,  November  21,  1857. 

SEYMOUR,  ORIGEN  S. 

He  was  born  in  Litchfield,  Con 
necticut,  in  1804 ;  was  bred  a  law 
yer;  has  been  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  served  as  Speaker  in  1850 ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Connecticut,  from  1851 
to  1855. 

SEYMOUR,  THOMAS  H. 
He  was  born  in  Hartford,  Con 
necticut,  in  1808 ;   was  educated  at 


the  Middletown  Military  Academy ; 
studied  law  and  practiced  the  pro 
fession  ;  was  a  Judge  of  Probate ; 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Connecticut,  from  1843  to  1845;  in 
1846  went  to  Mexico  as  a  major  of 
the  New  England  Regiment,and  was 
with  General  Scott  at  the  City  of 
Mexico  ;  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  in  1850,  and  re-elected  three 
times  ;  and  was  appointed,  by  Pre- 
i  sident  Pierce,  Minister  to  Russia, 
|  which  position  he  continues  to  oc 
cupy. 

SEYMOUR,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut, 
served  as  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly,  in  1832  and  1834, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1835  to  1837. 

SIIADWICK,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  North  Carolina,  during  the 
years  1796  and  1797. 

SHANNON,  THOMAS. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,   from    Ohio,    from    1826    to 

1827. 

SHANNON,  WILSON. 

He  was  born  iu  Belmont  County, 
Ohio,  February  24,  1802  ;  educated 
at  Athens  College,  in  Ohio,  and 
Transylvania  University,  in  Ken 
tucky;  adopted  the  profession  of 
law,  and  in  1835  was  Prosecuting 
Attorney  for  the  State  of  Ohio ; 
was  elected  Governor  of  Ohio  in 
1837,  and  again  in  1842;  by  Presi 
dent  Tyler,  was  appointed  Minister 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


to  Mexico ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1853  to  1855.  In  1855  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Pierce,  Go 
vernor  of  the  Territory  of  Kansas. 

SIIARPE,  PETER. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Assem 
bly  of  New  York,  from  1814  to 
1820,  officiating  a  number  of  ses 
sions  as  Speaker ;  he  was  also  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1821 ;  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1823  to  1825; 
and  a  member  of  the  Tariff  Con 
vention  held  in  1827. 

SHARPE,  SOLOMON  P. 

lie  was  born  in  Virginia,  but  re 
moved  to  Kentucky,  when  a  child  ; 
he  received  a  limited  education,  but 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  when  nineteen  years  of  age, 
and  was  successful ;  he  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  ;  was  Attorney-General  of  the 
State;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1813  to 
1817.  He  fell  by  the  hand  of  an 
assassin,  while  a  member  of  the  Le 
gislature,  in  November,  1835,  aged 
thirty-live  years ;  and  a  legislative 
reward  of  $3000,  for  the  arrest  of- 
the  murderer,  was  offered,  but  in 
vain. 

SHAW,  AARON. 

Born  in  Orange  County,  New- 
York,  in  1811 ;  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion  ;  was  States  Attorney  for  eight 
years,  in  the  Fourth  Judicial  Cir 


cuit  of  Illinois,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  State  House  of  Representatives, 
in  1849-50.  He  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  from  Illinois,  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Militia. 

SHAW,  HENRY. 

He  was  born  in  Windham  Coun 
ty,  Vermont ;  studied  law  with 
Judge  Foot,  in  Albany,  New  York, 
and  settled  to  practice  in  Lanesbo- 
rough,  Berkshire  County,  Massa 
chusetts,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two ; 
he  was  nominated  for  Congress  be 
fore  he  was  eligible,  and  was  subse 
quently  elected,  in  1810,  to  the  Six 
teenth  Congress,  and  voted  for  the 
Missouri  Compromise,  which  pre 
vented  his  re-election.  He  was  an 
intimate  friend  of  Henry  Clay,  and 
was  a  personal  friend  and  acquaint 
ance  of  ten  of  the  Presidents  of  the 
United  States.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature 
for  eighteen  years,  also  a  member  of 
the  Governor's  Council,  and  was  the 
pioneer  in  the  manufacturing  pros 
perity  of  Western  Massachusetts. 
In  1848  he  removed  to  New  York, 
and  resided  at  Fort  Washington,  on 
the  Hudson  ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Education  in  New  York 
City,  and  two  years  in  the  Common 
Council,  and  in  1853  was  a  member 
of  the  Assembly.  He  removed  to 
Newburg  in  1854,  where  he  re 
sided  until  within  a  few  months  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  at  Peeks- 
kill,  October  17,  1857,  aged  sixty- 
nine  years. 


426 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


SHAW,  HENRY  M. 

He  was  born  at  Newport,  Rhode 
Island,  November  20, 1819  ;  studied 
medicine,  and  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania  ;  removed 
to  North  Carolina,  and  was  a  State 
Senator  in  1852,  and  a  Representa 
tive,  from  that  State,  in  the  Thirty- 
third  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Committees 
on  Manufactures  and  Revolutionary 
Pensions. 

SHAW,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Dighton,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  December,  1168,  and 
removed  to  Putney,  Vermont,  at 
the  age  of  ten  years;  he  received 
a  limited  education ;  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine  at  the  age  of 
seventeen,  and  in  two  years  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  his  profession 
at  Castleton,  Vermont,  and  became 
eminent  as  a  surgeon.  He  entered 
early  into  politics,  and  was  one  of 
the  victims  of  the  Sedition  Law ;  for 
his  denunciation  of  the  administra 
tion  of  John  Adams,  he  was  impri 
soned,  and  liberated  by  the  people 
without  the  forms  of  law;  and  in 
1799  was  returned  as  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature.  He  was  for 
some  time  a  member  of  the  State 
Council,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Vermont,  from 
1808  to  1813.  He  was  a  personal 
friend  of  Jefferson  and  Madison,  and 
gave  his  earnest  support  to  the 
measures  for  the  prosecution  of  the 
war.  On  his  retirement  from  Con 
gress,  he  was  appointed  surgeon  in 
the  army,  and  removed  to  the  City 


of  New  York  ;  he  was  subsequently 
stationed  at  Greenbush,  St.  Louis, 
and  at  Norfolk,  and  held  this  office 
until  1816.  As  an  instance  of  his 
physical  endurance,  it  may  be  men 
tioned  that  he,  on  one  occasion,  rode 
on  horseback  from  St.  Louis,  Mis 
souri,  to  Albany,  New  York,  in 
twenty-nine  consecutive  days.  He 
died  at  Clarendon,  Vermont,  Octo 
ber  22,  1827. 

SHAW,  TRISTAM. 

Born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1787 ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1843 ; 
and  died  at  Exeter,  New  Hamp 
shire,  March  14,  1843. 

SHEFFER,  DANIEL. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1839. 

SHEFFEY,  DANIEL. 

He  was  born  at  Frederick,  Ma 
ryland,  in  1770  ;  had  a  limited 
education,  was  bred  to  the 
trade  of  a  shoemaker,  and  settled 
in  Augusta,  Virginia ;  he  after 
wards  studied  law,  engaged  in  a 
lucrative  practice ;  and  frequently 
represented  his  county  in  the  House 
of  Delegates.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1809  to  1817,  and  took 
a  high  rank.  His  speech  in  favor 
of  the  renewal  of  the  first  Bank  of 
the  United  States  was  a  masterly 
production.  He  was  opposed  to 
the  war  of  1812.  He  died  at  his 
home,  December  3,  1830. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


•!L'7 


SIIEPARD,  CHAULKS  B. 

Born  in  Newbern,  North  Caro 
lina,  December  5, 1807  ;  graduated 
at  Chapel  Hill,  in  1827;  was 
elected  to  Congress,  in  1837,  where 
he  continued  to  serve  until  1841  ; 
and  died  in  October,  1843. 

SHEPARD,  WILLIAM  B. 

Born  in  Xewbern,  North  Caro 
lina,  in  1799  ;  educated  at  Chapel 
Hill  ;  studied  law,  and  became 
eminent  in  his  profession  ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1827  to  1837,  when  he  declined  a 
re-election  ;  in  1838  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate,  and  served  five 
terras.  He  died  at  p]lizabeth  City, 
June  20,  1852. 

SHEPHERD,   WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Massachusetts,  Decem 
ber  1,  1737  ;  he  served  six  years  as 
a  captain  in  the  revolutionary 
army,  and  distinguished  himself  at 
William  Henry  and  Crown  Point ; 
in  1783  he  was  chosen  a  brigadier- 
general,  having  fought  in  twenty- 
two  battles  ;  he  was  subsequently 
a  major-general  of  militia;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1797  to  1803.  Died  at  Westfield, 
Massachusetts,  November  11, 1817. 

SHEPLEY,  ETHER. 

A    Senator    in    Congress,   from 
Maine,   from    1833   to    1836.     He 
was  born  in  Groton,  Massachusetts,  ' 
November  2,  1789;    graduated  at 
Dartmouth  College  in  1811;  stu-  ! 
died  law  and  commenced  the  prac 
tice     in    Saco,    but    subsequently  i 


settled  in  Portland ;  ho  was  in 
the  Massachusetts  Legislature  in 
1819;  a  member  of  the  Convention 
that  formed  the  first  Constitution  of 
Maine,  in  1820;  he  was  for  thirteen 
years  Attorney  of  the  United 
States  for  Maine  ;  after  leaving  the 
Sonate  of  the  United  States,  he 
was  chosen  a  Justice  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Maine,  and  subse 
quently  Chief  Justice  of  the  same, 
which  latter  position  he  held  until 
1855.  While  on  the  bench  he  fur 
nished  the  materials  for  twenty-six 
volumes  of  Reports,  and  as  sole 
Commissioner,  was  appointed  to  re 
vise  the  statutes  of  Maine.  He  is 
Trustee  of  Bowdoin  College,  from 
which  institution  he  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D. 

SHEPLOR,   MATTHIAS. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1837  to  1839. 

SHEPPERD,  AUGUSTUS  II. 

lie  was  born  in  Surry  County, 
North  Carolina  ;  educated  a  law 
yer  ;  served  in  the  House  of  Com 
mons,  from  1822  to  1826  ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1829  to  1839,  again  from  1841  to 
1843,  and  again  from  1847  to  1851. 

SHERBURNE,  J.  S. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire  ; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1776;  attended  the  law  school  at 
Harvard  ;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Su* 
perior  Court  of  New  Hampshire  ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 


428 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1793  to  1797.  He  died  in  1830, 
aged  seventy-three  years. 

SIIEREDINE,  UPTON. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1791  to 
1792. 

SHERMAN,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Lancaster,  Ohio,  May 
10,  1823;  is  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion  ;  and  was  elected  a  Represen 
tative  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Naval 
Affairs. 

SHERMAN,  J.  W. 

He  was  born  in  New  York  ;  and 
elected  a  Representative,  from  that 
State,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Unfinished  Business. 

SHERMAN,  ROGER. 

Born  at  Newton,  Massachusetts, 
April  19, 1721.  He  had  no  advan 
tages  for  education,  yet  he  was 
eager  in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge, 
and  while  apprenticed  to  a  shoe 
maker,  he  often  had  a  book  open 
before  him  while  at  his  work.  In 
1743  he  removed  to  New  Milford, 
Connecticut,  carrying  his  tools  upon 
his  back.  He  afterwards  studied 
law,  and  settled  at  New  Haven,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1754. 
He  was  a  Judge  of  the  County 
and  Superior  Courts ;  and  a  mem- 
*t>er  of  the  first  Congress,  in  1774, 
and  continued  a  member  for  many 
years.  He  signed  the  Declaration 


of  Independence  in  1776.  Afterthe 
adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  in  regard  to  which 
he  took  a  prominent  part,  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  Con 
gress  ;  and  chosen  a  Senator  in 
1791,  continuing  in  that  station  till 
his  death,  July  23,  1793.  He  was 
a  profound  and  sagacious  states 
man,  an  able  and  upright  judge,  and 
an  exemplary  Christian.  He  was 
made  Master  of  Arts  by  Yale 
College,  and  was  for  many  years 
Treasurer  of  that  institution. 

SIIERUILL,  ELIAKIM. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Manufactures. 

SHERWOOD,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1813 
to  1815. 

SHERWOOD,  SAMUEL  B. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1786 ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1817  to  1819, 
and  died  in  1833. 

SHIELDS,  BENJAMIN  G. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Alabama,  from  18f41  to 
1843. 

SHIELDS,  EBENEZER  J. 

Born  in  Georgia,  and  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1835  to  1839. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


429 


SHIELDS,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1829  to 
1831. 

SHIELDS,  JAMES. 

Was  born  in  County  Tyrone, 
Ireland,  in  1S10,  and  emigrated  to 
America  about  1826.  He  pursued 
his  mathematical  and  classical  stu 
dies  until  the  year  1832,  when  he 
wc-ii t  to  Illinois,  and  commenced  the 
practice  of  the  law  at  Kaskaskia. 
In  1S3C>  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Illinois  legislature,  and  Au 
ditor  of  the  State  in  1839.  In 
1843  he  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court;  and  in  1845 
Commissioner  of  the  General  Land- 
office.  At  the  commencement  of 
the  Mexican  war,  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Polk,  a  brigadier-ge 
neral  in  the  United  States  army, 
and,  for  his  distinguished  services 
«during  the  course  of  the  war,  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  brevet  ma 
jor-general.  In  1S48  he  was  ap 
pointed  Governor  of  Oregon  Terri 
tory,  which  he  resigned.  In  1849 
he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  Uni 
ted  States  Senate,  for  the  term  of 
six  years,  from  the  State  of  Illinois. 
He  subsequently  took  up  his  resi 
dence  in  the  Territory  of  Minne 
sota,  and  in  1857  was  elected  to  re 
present  the  same  in  the  Senate  of 
the  United  States,  when  she  became 
a  State,  in  which  position  he  con 
tinues. 

SHINN,  WILLIAM  N. 
He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 


was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1837. 

KH11TERD,  ZEBULON  11. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1813 
to  1815. 

SHORTER,  ELI  S. 

Born  in  Monticello,  Georgia, 
March  15,  1823  ;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1843;  is  a  lawyer  by 
profession,  but  engaged  in  the  plant 
ing  business.  lie  was  elected  a 
Representative,  from  Alabama,  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth 
Congresses,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

SHOWERS,  JACOB. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1853  to 
1855. 

SIBLEY,  HENRY  II. 

He  was  born  in  February,  1811, 
in  Detroit,  Michigan  ;  spent  much 
of  his  early  life  on  the  Northwestern 
frontiers ;  was  for  many  years  an 
Indian  trader  in  the  employ  of 
the  American  Fur  Company,  at 
Mackinaw  and  Fort  Snelling  ;  was 
a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from 
Minnesota  Territory,  from  1849  to 
1853;  and,  having  witnessed  the 
progress  of  Minnesota  from  a  wil 
derness  to  an  organized  State,  he 
was  elected,  in  1857,  its  first  Gov 
ernor,  which  office  he  still  occupies. 

SIBLEY,  JONAS. 

He  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  Worcester  County,  Massachu- 


430 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


setts,  from  1823  to  1825,  and  died 
at  Sutton,  in  that  State,  February 
10,  1834,  aged  seventy-two  years. 

SIBLEY,  MARK  H. 

Born  in  Great  Barrington,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1796,  and  removed  to 
Cananduigua,  New  York,  in  1814. 
He  studied  law,  and  was  distin 
guished  as  an  advocate.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assem 
bly  in  1834  and  1835  ;  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1837  to 
1839  ;  subsequently  a  State  Sena 
tor ;  and  in  1846  a  county  judge. 
He  died  in  Canandaigua,  New 
York,  September  8,  1852. 

SIBLEY,   SOLOMON. 

He  was  born  in  Sutton,  Massachu 
setts,  October  7,  17G9.  He  studied 
law,  and  removed  to  Ohio  in  1795, 
establishing  himself  first  at  Mari 
etta  and  then  at  Cincinnati,  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  He  re 
moved  to  Detroit  in  1797,  and  in 
1799  was  elected  to  the  first  Terri 
torial  Legislature  of  the  North 
western  Territory.  He  was  a  De 
legate  to  Congress,  from  the  Terri 
tory  of  Michigan,  from  1820  to 
1823;  in  1824  he  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and 
held  the  office  until  1836,  when  he 
resigned  in  consequence  of  increas 
ing  deafness.  He  died  at  Detroit, 
April  4,  1846.  He  was  universally 
respected  for  his  talents  and  mani 
fold  virtues. 

SICKLES,  DANIEL  E. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  bred  a  lawyer ;  for  a  short  time, 


when  Mr.  Buchanan  was  the  Ame 
rican  Minister  in  England. he  was  the 
Secretary  of  that  Legation  ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative,  from  New 
York,  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Foreign  Affairs.  In  1847  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Assembly  of 
New  York,  and  in  1856-57  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate.  He 
has  been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress. 

SICKLES,  NICHOLAS. 

He  was  born  in  Kinderhook, 
New  York,  was  a  Representative 
iu  Congress,  from  1835  to  1837, 
and  died  at  Kingston,  New  York, 
May  13,  1845. 

SILL,  THOMAS  II. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Erie   County,  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1829  to  1831. 

SILSBEE,  NATHANIEL. 
Born  in  Essex  County,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  1773,  and  died  at  Sa 
lem,  Massachusetts,  July  1,  1850. 
He  was  a  distinguished  and  success 
ful  merchant,  and  frequently  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
for  three  years  President  of  the 
State  Senate  ;  he  served  as  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1816 
to  1820 ;  and  was  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  from  1826  to  1835. 
He  was  the  firm  supporter  of  the 
Administration  of  J.  Q.  Adams, 
and  when  his  term  expired,  Mr. 
Silsbee  offered  to  vacate  his  seat  in 
the  Senate,  in  his  favor,  but  the 
ex-President  declined  the  proposal. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


431 


SILVESTER,  PETER. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  was 
a  member  of  the  Albany  Committee 
of  Safety  in  1774,  and  of  the  New 
York  Provincial  Congress;  was  a 
Judge  of  the  Common  Pirns  in 
1786,  and  elected  a  member  of  the 
first  Congress  under  the  Federal 
Constitution.  He  was  subsequent 
ly  a  State  Senator,  and  died  at 
Kinderhook,  January  30,  1845. 

SILVESTER,  PETER  II. 

lie  was  born  at  Kindcrhook, 
Columbia  County,  New  York,  Feb-  ; 
ruary  17,  1807;  graduated  at 
Union  College  in  1827;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1830;  and  he  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1847  to  1S51. 

SIMMONS,  GEORGE  A. 

He   was   born    in    New   York ; 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
181G;  served  a  number  of  years  in 
the  Assembly  of  that  State  ;   and  j 
was   elected   a    Representative   in  I 
Congress  to  the  Thirty-third  and 
Thirty-fourth  Congresses,  from  that 
State.     In  1852  he  received  from  ! 
his    Alma   Mater  the    degree    of 
LL.  D.,  and  died  in  1857,  aged  sixty- 
six  years. 

SIMMONS,  JAMES  F. 

Born  in  Little  Compton,  Rhode 
Island,  September  10,  1795.  His 
employments  were  farming  and 
manufacturing ;  he  was  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly,  from 
1828  to  1841;  elected  to  the  Uni 


ted  States  Senate  in  1841,  for  six 
years,  from  March  4,  1847;  and 
again  chosen  for  another  term,  be 
ginning  March  4,  1857;  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committees  on 
Claims,  and  on  Patents  and  the 
Patent-office. 

SIMONS,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Connecticut,  from  1843 
to  1845,  and  died  in  Bridgeport, 
Connecticut,  January  13,  1847, 
aged  fifty-five  years. 

S1MONTON,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  member  of  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1830  to 
1843,  and  died  at  South  Hanover, 
Pennsylvania,  May  18,  1840. 

SLMPKINS,  ELDRED. 

He  was  born  in  Edgefield  Coun 
ty,  South  Carolina,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from 
South  Carolina,  from  1818  to  1821. 

SIMPSON,  RICHARD  F. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1843  to  1847.  He 
graduated  at  the  University  of 
South  Carolina  in  1816;  adopted 
the  profession  of  law;  and  before 
entering  Congress  had  been  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Senate  of  his  native 
State. 

SIMS,  ALEXANDER  D. 

He  was  born  in  Brunswick  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  June  12,  1803,  and 
died  at  Kingstree,  South  Carolina, 


432 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


November  16,  1848.  He  went 
through  a  course  of  studies  at 
Chapel  Hill,  North  Carolina,  and 
finished  his  education  at  Union  Col 
lege,  New  York.  He  read  and 
practiced  law  in  Virginia,  and  re 
moving  to  South  Carolina,  taught 
an  academy  at  Darlington  Court 
House.  In  1829  he  commenced 
the  practice  of  law  in  South  Ca 
rolina,  and  became  a  prominent 
member  of  the  bar  in  that  State. 
He  had  a  taste  for  politics,  and 
during  the  Nullification  times  was 
active  and  decided ;  and  he  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  1845  to 
1849. 

SIMS,  LEONARD  II. 

Born  in  North  Carolina,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Missouri,  from  1845  to 
1847. 

SINGLETON,  0.  R. 

Born  in  Jessamine  County,  Ken 
tucky  ;  graduated  at  St.  Joseph 
College,  Bardstown,  Kentucky,  and 
adopted  the  law  as  a  profession  ; 
I\Q  was  two  years  in  the  Lower 
House  of  the  Mississippi  Legisla 
ture  ;  six  years  in  the  State  Senate ; 
a  Presidential  Elector  in  1852  ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-third  Congress,  and  re-elect 
ed  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
from  the  same  State,  and  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Joint  Committee  on 
Printing. 

SINGLETON,  THOMAS  D. 

He  was  elected  to  Congress,  from 
South  Carolina,  in  1833,  and  while 


on  his  way  to  Washington  to  take 
his  seat,  he  died  at  Raleigh,  North 
Carolina. 

SINNICKSON,  THOMAS. 
Born  in  Salem,  New  Jersey,  De 
cember  13,  1786;  received  a  com 
mon  school  education ;  commenced 
active  life  as  a  merchant ;  was  a 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  for  twenty  years ;  a  member 
of  the  New  Jersey  Legislature ; 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Errors  and 
Appeals ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  during  the  years  1828 
and  1829. 

SINNICKSON,  THOMAS. 

Born  in  Salem  County,  New  Jer 
sey,  received  a  classical  education, 
and  was  bred  a  merchant,  He  served 
in  the  revolutionary  war  at  the  bat 
tles  of  Trenton  and  Princeton,  in 
the  capacity  of  captain  ;  was  for 
many  years,  a  member  of  the  Coun 
cil  'and  Assembly  of  New  Jersey, 
and  the  Presiding  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  ;  he  was 
a  correspondent  of  the  Committee 
of  Safety,  during  the  Revolution, 
and  a  Representative  in  the  first 
Congress,  after  the  adoption  of  the 
Constitution,  from  1789  to  1791, 
and  again  from  1797  to  1799. 

PITGREAVES,  SAMUEL. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1795 
to  1798;  and  was  then  appointed, 
by  President  Adams,  Commissioner 
to  treat  with  Great  Britain. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


•l:;:; 


SKELTON,  CHARLES. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  Jersey,  from  1851  to  1855. 

SKINNER,  RICHARD. 

ITe  was  born  at  Litchfield,  Con 
necticut,  May  30,  1788,  and  re 
ceived  his  education  at  the  cele 
brated  law  school  of  his  native 
town ;  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1800,  and  removed  to  Manches 
ter,  Vermont.  In  1801  he  was 
appointed  States  Attorney  for  Ben- 
nington  County,  and  in  1809  Judge 
of  Probate ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1813  to  1815;  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  in  1816;  and  Chief 
Justice  in  1S1T.  In  1818  he  was 
elected  to  the  lower  branch  of  the 
Legislature,  and  was  Speaker.  He 
was  Governor  in  1820,  1821,  and 
1822  ;  was  re-appointed  Chief  Jus 
tice  in  1824,  and  resigned  in  1829. 
He  died  at  Manchester,  May  23, 
1833,  much  respected  for  his  pub 
lic  services  and  private  worth.  He 
was  President  of  the  Northeastern 
Branch  of  the  American  Education 
Society ;  was  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  Middlebury 
College,  from  which  institution  he 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  He 
was  also  interested  in  various  local 
benevolent  associations. 

SKINNER,  THOMSON  J.,  Jn. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,   from    Massachusetts,    from 
1796  to  1799,  and  again  from  1803 
to  1805;  in  1804  he  was  appoint- 
28 


ed,  by   President   Jefferson,  Com 
missioner  of  Loans. 

SLADE,  CHARLES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Illinois,  from  1833  to 
1834,  and  died  on  his  return  from 
Washington,  in  Knox  County,  In 
diana,  after  an  illness  of  only  twenty- 
four  hours. 

SLADE,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Verm  out ;  gra 
duated  at  Middlebury  College ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  his  native  State,  from  1831  to 
1843;  and  Governor  of  Vermont,, 
from  1844  to  1846. 

SLAYMAKER,  AMOS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1814  to  1815. 

SLIDELL,  JOHN. 

Born  in  New  York  about  the 
year  1793,  and  on  reaching  the  age 
of  manhood  removed  to  New  Or 
leans,  where  he  established  himself 
as  a  lawyer,  and  practiced  his 
profession  with  success.  He  was 
appointed,  by  President  Jackson, 
United  States  District  Attorney ; 
was  frequently  elected  to  the 
Legislature  of  Louisiana;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1843  to  1845;  while  in  Congress 
he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Polk,  Minister  to  Mexico ;  and  in 
1853  was  elected  to  the  United 
States  Senate  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  Senator  Soule,  and  was  re- 


434 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


elected  for  six  years,  and  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  the  Con 
dition  of  the  Banks,  and  is  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  Naval  Af 
fairs  and  Foreign  Relations. 

SLINGERLAND,  JOHN  I. 

He  was  born  in  Albany  County, 
New  York,  March  1,  1804;  re 
ceived  a  good  common  school  edu 
cation  ;  and,  as  a  business,  has 
devoted  nearly  his  whole  life  to 
agricultural  pursuits.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Legisla 
ture  in  1843,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1847  to  1849. 

SLOAN,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1803 
to  1809. 

SLOANE,  JOHN. 

Born  in  York,  Pennsylvania,  but 
removed  to  Ohio,  while  yet  a  Ter 
ritory.  He  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly  in  1804, 
and  in  1805  and  1806  was  Speaker. 
He  was  Receiver  of  Public  Moneys 
at  Canton,  from  1808  to  1816,  and 
afterwards  at  Wooster,  until  1819, 
when  he  was  elected  to  Congress  as 
a  Representative,  continuing  a  mem 
ber  until  1829.  He  was  also  Clerk 
of  the  Common  Pleas  for  seven 
years,  Secretary  of  State  for  three 
years,  and  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States  under  President  Fillmore. 
He  was  a  colonel  of  militia  during 
the  war  of  1812,  and  died  in  Woos 
ter,  May  15,  1856,  aged  seventy- 
seven  years. 


SLOCUM,  JESSE. 

Was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1817  to  1821,  and  died  in  Wash 
ington  before  the  expiration  of  his 
term. 

SMART,  EPHRAIM  K. 

Born  at  Prospect,  Maine,  (now 
Searsport,)in  1813.  Hewasthrown 
upon  his  own  resources  to  obtain 
means  for  his  education,  which  he 
received  at  the  Maine  Wesleyan  Se 
minary.  After  the  study  of  law 
for  three  years,  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Camden.  He  was  ap 
pointed  Postmaster  in  1838,  and  in 
1841  was  elected  State  Senator. 
In  1842  he  was  aid  to  the  Governor, 
with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel, 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate 
the  same  year.  In  1843  he  went 
to  Missouri,  and  practiced  law,  as 
an  attorney  and  counselor  and  so 
licitor  in  chancery ;  but  returned  to 
Camden,  and  was  again  Postmaster 
in  1845.  He  was  a  Representative 
from  Maine,  in  Congress,  from  1847 
to  1849,  and  from  1851  to  1853. 
From  1853  to  1858  he  was  Collec 
tor  at  Belfast.  In  1854  he  estab 
lished  the  Maine Free  Press,  and  was 
its  editor  three  years;  and  in  1858 
returned  to  the  practice  of  law  in 
Camden,  and  in  September  of  that 
year  was  again  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature. 

SMELT,  DENNIS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia,  from  1806  to 
1811. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


435 


SMILIE,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1793 
to  1795,  and  again  from  1799  to 
1813. 

SMITH,  ALBERT. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1839  to 
1841,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Public  Expenditures. 

SMITH,  ALBERT. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly,  from  Genesee  County, 
in  1842,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1843  to  1847. 

SMITH,  ARTHUR. 

Born  in  the  County  of  Isle  of 
Wight,  Virginia,  November  15, 
1785;  was  educated  at  the  College 
of  William  and  Mary ;  served  with 
credit  at  the  head  of  a  militia  force 
at  Norfolk,  in  1812  ;  was  a  member 
of  the  Privy  Council  of  Virginia, 
and  subsequently  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1821 
to  1825.  He  was  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession,  but  never  practiced.  He 
died  in  Virginia,  March  30,  1853. 

SMITH,  BALLARD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1815  to 


SMITH,  BERNARD. 

He  was  born  in  Morristown,  New 
Jersey,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  his  native  State, 
from  1819  to  1821,  when  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Monroe, 
Register  of  the  Laud-office  in  Ar 
kansas. 

SMITH,  CALEB  B. 

He  was  born  in  Boston,  Massachu 
setts,  April  lf>,  1808 ;  emigrated  with 
his  parents  to  Ohio  in  1814;  and 
was  educated  at  the  Cincinnati 
College  and  Miami  University; 
adopted  the  profession  of  law,  and 
settled  in  Indiana;  in  1832  he  esta 
blished  and  edited  a  Whig  journal 
called  the  Indiana  Sentinel;  in 
1833  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  ;  re-elected  in  1834, 
1835,  and  1836,  during  the  latter 
year  officiating  as  Speaker ;  in 
1847  and  1848  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Fund  Commissioners; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Indiana,  from  1843 
to  1849.  He  was  also  a  Presiden 
tial  Elector  in  1840  and  1856; 
and  after  leaving  Congress,  in  1849, 
he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Taylor,  one  of  the  members  of  the 
Board  for  investigating  the  claims 
of  American  citizens  against  Mex 
ico.  He  is  at  the  present  time 
practicing  his  profession  in  Cincin 
nati,  Ohio. 

SMITH,  DANIEL. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  during  the  years 


436 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1798  and  It 9 9,  and  again  from 
1805  to  1809.  He  died  in  July, 
1818. 

SMITH,  F.  0.  I. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1833  to 
1839. 

SMITH,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1809 
to  1813. 

SMITH,  GERRITT. 

Born  in  New  York,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

SMITH,  ISAAC. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Princeton 
College  in  1755,  and  a  tutor  in 
that  institution  ;  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  Jersey,  from 
1795  to  1797;  was  appointed,  by 
President  "Washington,  in  the  latter 
year,  a  Commissioner  to  treat  with 
the  Seneca  Indians ;  and  was  a 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of 
New  Jersey.  He  died  in  1807. 

SMITH,  ISAAC. 

He  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1813  to  1815. 

SMITH,  ISRAEL. 

Born  in  Connecticut,  April  4, 
1759.  He  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1781,  studied  law,  and  set 


tled  at  Rupert,  Vermont.  He  sub 
sequently  settled  at  Rutland,  and 
was  sent  to  the  State  Legislature 
from  that  town.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1791  to 
1797,  again  in  1800,  and  a  Senator 
in  Congress  during  the  years  1801 
and  1802.  He  was  also  appointed 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
in  1797,  and  was  Governor  of  Ver 
mont  in  1807.  He  died  December 
2,  1810. 

SMITH,  JAMES  S. 

He  was  born  in  Orange  County, 
North  Carolina,  and  was  educated 
for  the  medical  profession ;  served 
in  the  Legislature  of  North  Caro 
lina  in  1821 ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1817  to  1821. 

SMITH,  JEDEDIAH  K. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1807  to  1809. 

SMITH,  JEREMIAH. 

Born  in  Peterborough,  New 
Hampshire,  and  graduated  at  Rut- 
ger's  College,  New  Jersey,  in  1780, 
and  also  received,  from  Harvard 
College,  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Laws.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  Hampshire,  in 
1791,  and  continued  there  till  1797, 
being  one  of  the  last  survivors  of 
the  distinguished  men  who  partici 
pated  with  Washington  in  the  ad 
ministration  of  the  government. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


437 


He  was  appointed,  by  John  Adams, 
in  1801,  a  Judge  of  the  United 
States  Circuit  Court,  but  did  not 
serve,  as  the  office  was  soon  after 
wards  abolished  by  Congress,  lie 
was  chosen  Governor  of  New  Hamp 
shire  in  1809,  and  was  for  several 
years  Chief  Justice  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  the  State.  His  extraordi 
nary  mental  endowments  not  only  re 
mained  unimpaired,  but  even  shone 
forth  brightest  when  he  was  near 
the  close  of  his  long  life.  Few  per 
sons  have  been  more  widely  known 
as  statesmen  and  jurists,  or  have 
left  behind  them  a  more  enduring 
reputation.  His  acquaintance  with 
books  was  extensive,  and  his  lite 
rary  taste  remarkably  correct  and 
pure.  He  was  highly  esteemed, 
not  only  as  a  lawyer  and  judge,  but 
for  his  eminent  social  qualifications, 
and  for  all  the  attributes  of  a  great 
and  good  man  He  was  a  patron 
and  friend  of  Daniel  Webster,  and 
died  at  Dover,  New  Hampshire, 
September  21,  1843. 

SMITH,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1799 
to  1804  ;  from  1804  to  1813  he  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress;  and  was 
appointed,  in  the  latter  year,  by 
President  Madison,  United  States 
Marshal  for  New  York.  He  died 
in  1810. 

SMITH,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1801  to 
1815. 


SMITH,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  1735,  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1803  to  1808,  and  died  in 
July,  1816. 

SMITH,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  at  Barre,  Massa 
chusetts,  in  August,  1789  ;  received 
a  limited  education,  and  removed  in 
early  life  to  St.  Albans,  Vermont, 
where  he  was  admitted  to  practice 
as  a  lawyer  in  1810.  He  repre 
sented  St.  Albans  in  the  Legisla 
ture  for  nine  successive  years,  and 
was  elected  States  Attorney  of 
Franklin  County  in  1826,  and 
served  six  years.  In  1831,  1832, 
and  1833,  he  was  Speaker  in  the 
General  Assembly.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1839  to  1841,  after 
which  he  resumed  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  In  1840  he  became 
enlisted  in  important  railroad  pro 
jects,  and  was  so  engaged  at  the 
time  of  his  sudden  death,  which 
occurred  at  St.  Albans,  November 
20,  1858.  He  received  the  degree 
of  A.M.  from  Middlebury  Col 
lege  and  the  University  of  Ver 
mont. 

SMITH,  JOHN  B. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Louisiana,  from  1853  to 
1855. 

SMITH,  JOHN  COTTON. 

He  was  born  in  Sharon,  Connec 
ticut,  February  12,  1765,  and  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1783. 


438 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


He  studied  law,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice,  in  Litclifield  County,  in 
1T86.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
General  Assembly  in  1793,  and 
from  1796  to  1800  was  a  member 
of  the  Lower  House,  and  in  1799 
was  elected  Speaker.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Connecticut,  from  1800  to  1806, 
and  was  again  a  member  of  the  Le 
gislature  until  1809,  when  he  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  Council. 
He  also  held  the  several  offices  of 
Governor  of  Connecticut,  from  1812 
to  1817,  Lieutenant-Governor,  and 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court.  He 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Yale  College ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Northern  Society  of  Antiqua 
ries  in  Copenhagen ;  also  of  the 
Connecticut  Historical  Society,  and 
of  various  religious  associations. 
He  died  at  Sharon,  Connecticut, 
November  7, 1845,  and  had  devoted 
the  latter  years  of  his  life  to  agri 
cultural  and  literary  pursuits. 

SMITH,  JOHN  SPEED. 

He  was  repeatedly  a  member  of 
the  Kentucky  Legislature,  and  from 
1821  to  1823,  a  Representative  in 
Congress.  He  died  in  Madison 
County,  Kentucky,  June  6,  1854. 

SMITH,  JOHN  T. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1843  to  1845,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Expenditures  in 
the  State  Department. 


SMITH,  JOSIAH. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1774;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1801  to  1802,  and  died  in  1828. 

SMITH,  NATHAN. 

He  was  born  at  Roxbury,  Con 
necticut,  in  1770;  received  his  pro 
fessional  education  at  the  Law 
School  in  Litchfield ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  that  formed 
the  State  Constitution ;  for  many 
years  States  Attorney  for  the  Coun 
ty  of  New  Haven  ;  frequently  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and  for  seve 
ral  years  United  States  Attorney 
for  the  District  of  Connecticut.  He 
represented  his  native  State  in  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States,  from 
1833  to  1835.  He  was  long  known 
as  an  eminent  lawyer,  respected  for 
his  integrity  and  ability.  He  died 
at  Washington,  District  of  Colum 
bia,  December  6,  1836. 

SMITH,  NATHANIEL. 

He  was  born  in  Woodbury,  Con 
necticut,  January  6,  1762.  His 
education  was  limited,  but  he  ob 
tained  distinction  by  the  energy  of 
his  talents.  He  studied  law,  and 
settled  to  practice  in  his  native 
town,  in  1789.  He  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature,  having  served  in  both  Houses. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1795 
to  1799.  In  1806  he  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State,  and  held  the  office  until  1819. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


139 


He  died  March  9,  1822 ;  his  legal 
knowledge  was  extensive,  and  he 
was  greatly  esteemed  for  his  integ 
rity  and  piety. 

SMITH,  OLIVER  II. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Indiana,  from  1837  to  1843, 
and  a  Representative  from  1827  to 
1829.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work 
giving  his  "  Recollections  of  Con 
gressional  Life." 

SMITH,  PERRY. 

Born  in  Washington,  Connecti 
cut  ;  attended  the  Litchfield  Law 
School,  and  settled  in  New  Milford 
in  1807.  He  was  a  State  Repre 
sentative  for  four  years,  Judge  of 
Probate  for  two  years,  and  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  1837  to  1843. 
He  died  in  New  Milford  in  1852. 

SMITH,  ROBERT. 

Born  in  Peterborough,  New 
Hampshire,  June  12,  1802,  and  re 
ceived  a  limited  education.  He 
was  a  farmer  by  occupation  until 
he  attained  his  twentieth  year,  but 
subsequently  engaged  in  manufac 
turing  and  merchandising.  Re 
moving  to  Illinois  in  1832,  he  served 
in  the  Illinois  Legislature  from 
1836  to  1840;  was  Enrolling  and 
Engrossing  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  Illinois,  from 
1840  to  1843,  and  was  then  elected 
to  Congress,  and  served  till  March 
4,  1849,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  being  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Mileage. 
Of  late  years  he  has  taken  an  active 


part  in  organizing  the  railroads  in 
his  adopted  State. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
July  27,  1752.  He  was  a  distin 
guished  merchant  of  Baltimore,  and 
contributed  largely  to  the  advance 
ment  of  that  city,  of  which  he  was 
once  mayor.  He  rose  from  the  rank 
of  captain  to  that  of  brigadier-gene 
ral  in  the  revolutionary  war.  In 
1776  he  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  for  framing  the  Constitution 
of  Maryland ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1793  to  1803,  and  again  from 
1816  to  1822;  and  a  Senator  in 
Congress  from  1803  to  1815,  and 
again  from  1S22  to  1823.  He  died 
suddenly,  at  Baltimore,  April  25, 
1839. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  1767,  in  Peterborough, 
New  Hampshire ;  held  many  public 
positions ;  was  for  many  years  a 
manufacturer  of  paper ;  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  L813  to  1815.  He  died 
in  1842. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1805 
to  1809. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL  A. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania, 
from  1829  to  1833,  serving,  during 


440 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


his  second  term,  on  the  Committee 
on  Agriculture. 

SMITH,  SAMUEL  A. 

He  was  born  in  Monroe  County, 
Tennessee,  June  26,  1822.  He 
lost  his  father  when  quite  young, 
and  with  limited  opportunities  for 
attending  school,  spent  the  most  of 
his  time  on  a  farm,  until  he  became 
of  age.  At  that  time  he  began  to 
attend  school  in  earnest,  and  at 
the  end  of  three  months  became  a 
teacher,  and  for  two  years  alter 
nately  attended  and  taught  school 
in  his  native  county.  He  also 
taught  school,  for  awhile,  during 
ten  months  that  he  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1845. 
During  that  year  he  was  elected 
Attorney- General  for  the  Third  Ju 
dicial  District  of  Tennessee,  which 
office  he  held  until  1848.  He  was 
a  delegate  to  the  National  Conven 
tion  of  that  year  held  at  Baltimore, 
and  was  soon  afterwards  elected  a 
Presidential  Elector,  and  was  again 
chosen  an  Elector  in  1852.  In 
1850  he  took  a  deep  interest  in  the 
affairs  of  the  East  Tennessee  and 
Georgia  Railroad,  and  he  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative,  from  Tennes 
see,  to  the  Thirty-third  Congress, 
and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  is 
Chairman  of  the  Joint  Committee 
on  Printing. 

SMITH,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1815 
to  1817. 


SMITH,  THOMAS. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Indiana,  from  1839  to  1841,  and 
again  from  1843  to  1847. 

SMITH,  TRUMAN. 

He  was  born  in  Roxbury,  Litch- 
field  County,  Connecticut,  Novem 
ber  27,  1791 ;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1815  ;  he  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1818  ;  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  in  1831,  and  re-elected 
in  1832  and  1834;  in  1839  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  and  re-elected  in  1841,  1845, 
and  1847  ;  in  1849  he  took  his  seat 
in  the  United  States  Senate,  for  a 
full  term  of  six  years,  resigning  in 
1854.  Of  late  years  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  in  New  York  City. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1777  to  1778,  and  a  Repre 
sentative  under  the  Constitution, 
from  1789  to  1791,  when  he  was 
appointed,  by  President  Washing 
ton,  Auditor  of  the  Treasury. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1789  to  1797,  and  resigned  on  being 
appointed  United  States  Minister 
to  Portugal,  by  President  John 
Adams. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Ill 


SMITH,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  1705,  and  was  a 
native  of  South  Carolina.  He  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  the  Charleston  District, 
South  Carolina,  from  1797  to  1799. 
He  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  from  1S16  to  1823,  and 
again  from  182G  to  1831.  He  was 
a  distinguished  supporter  of  the 
doctrine  of  State  rights.  He  spent 
the  later  years  of  his  life  in  Ala 
bama,  and  died  at  Huntsville,  in 
July,  1840. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  King  George  County, 
Virginia,  September  6,  1797.  After 
prosecuting  his  studies  at  Plain- 
field  Academy,  in  Connecticut,  and 
at  private  schools  in  Virginia,  he 
studied  law,  and  commenced  the 
practice  in  1818.  Soon  after  he 
was  the  means  of  establishing  a  line 
of  post-coaches  through  Yirgina, 
the  Carolinas,  and  Georgia,  by 
which  he  made  a  fortune ;  and  in 
1836  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature;  and  re-elected  in  1840. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  during  the  term  of  1842  and 
1843;  in  1845  he  was  elected  Go 
vernor  of  Virginia  for  three  years  ; 
and  in  1853  was  re-elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  in  which 
position  he  has  continued  to  the 
present  time.  He  was  Chariman  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Laws  of 
Public  Printing,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  Territories. 


SMITH,  WILLIAM   11. 

II,-  was  a  Representative  in  <  'on- 
gress,  from  Alabama,  his  native 
State,  from  1851  to  1855,  where 
he  acquired  reputation  by  making  a 
demonstration  against  Kossuth.  He 
has  chiefly  devoted  himself  to  litera 
ture  and  law,  and  has  had  a  seat  on 
the  bench  of  Alabama. 

SMITH,  WILLIAM  S. 

He  was  for  three  years  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Assembly,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1813  to  181 G. 

SMYTH,  ALEXANDER. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1817  to 
1825,  and  again  from  1827  to  1830. 

SMYTHE,  GEORGE  W. 

Born  in  North  Carolina,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Texas,  from  1853  to 
1855. 

SNEEI),  WILLIAM  II. 

lie  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1855  to  1857. 

SXODGR ASS,  JOHN  FRYALL. 

Born  in  Berkeley  County,  Virgi 
nia,  March  2,  1804;  was  a  lawyer 
by  profession,  and  practiced  in 
Parkersburg,  Virginia.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  Constitu 
tional  Convention  assembled  at 
Richmond,  in  1 850 ;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1853 


442 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


until  his  death,  which  occurred  while 
trying  a  case  in  court,  in  Parkers- 
burg,  June  5,  1854. 

SNYDER,  ADAM  W. 

Born  in  1801;  frequently  served 
in  the  State  Legislature  of  Illinois, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837  to 
1839.  He  was  a  candidate  for  Go 
vernor  of  the  State  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  at  Belle 
ville,  Illinois,  May  14,  1842. 

SNYDER,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1841  to  1843,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Committee  on  the  Militia. 

SOLLERS,  AUGUSTUS  R. 

Born  in  Maryland,  and  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  his  native  State,  from  1841  to 
1843,  and  again  from  1853  to  1855. 

SOULE,  NATHAN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1831 
to  1833.  He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  State  Assembly,  from  Ononda- 
ga,  in  1837. 

SOULE,  PIERRE. 

Born  at  Castillon,  in  the  Pyre 
nees,  during  the  First  Consulate  of 
Napoleon.  He  was  destined  for 
the  church,  and  in  1816  was  sent  to 
the  Jesuits'  College  at  Toulouse. 
He  was  afterwards  sent  to  complete 
his  studies  at  Bordeaux.  At  the  age 


of  fifteen  he  took  part  in  a  conspi 
racy  against  the  Bourbons,  and  the 
plot  having  been  discovered,  he  was 
obliged  to  take  refuge  in  a  little  vil 
lage  of  Navarre,  where  he  remained 
for  more  than  a  year,  following  the 
occupation  of  a  shepherd.  He  was 
permitted  to  return  to  Bordeaux; 
but  he  longed  for  a  more  exciting 
scene  of  action,  and  accordingly  re 
paired  to  Paris.  Here,  in  conjunc 
tion  with  Barthelemy  and  Mery,  he 
established  a  paper  advocating  li 
beral  republican  sentiments.  This 
soon  brought  him  under  the  eye  of 
the  authorities,  and  he  was  put  upon 
his  trial.  His  advocate  appealed  to 
the  clemency  of  the  court  in  behalf 
of  the  prisoner  on  the  score  of  his 
youth.  This  line  of  defence  did  not 
suit  the  prisoner,  who  rose  from  his 
seat  and  addressed  the  court,  deny 
ing  the  criminality  of  his  opinions, 
and  conduct.  His  eloquence  did  not 
save  him  from  St.  Pelagic,  whence 
he  succeeded  in  making  his  escape 
to  England.  Disappointed  in  his 
expectations  of  obtaining  a  situation 
in  Chile,  which  had  been  promised 
him,  and  finding  himself  alone  in  a 
strange  country,  wholly  ignorant  of 
the  language,  he  returned  to  France. 
At  Havre  he  met  a  friend,  a  captain 
in  the  French  navy,  who  advised 
him  to  seek  an  asylum  in  the  United 
States,  and  offered  him  a  passage  in 
his  ship  as  far  as  St.  Domingo.  He 
accepted  the  proposition,  and  ar 
rived  at  Port-au-Prince,  in  Septem 
ber,  1825.  From  this  place  he  took 
passage  to  Baltimore,  and  finally 
removed  to  New  Orleans,  in  the  fall 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


II:; 


of  1825.  Having  determined  to 
make  the  law  his  profession,  he  first 
applied  himself  assiduously  to  the 
study  of  English,  and  passed  his  ex 
amination  for  the  bar  iti  that  lan 
guage,  and  was  admitted.  In  1847 
he  was  elected  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  Louisiana,  to  fill  a  va 
cancy,  and  was  re-elected,  in  1849, 
for  the  terra  of  six  years.  In  1853 
he  was  appointed,  by  President 
Pierce,  Minister  to  Spain. 

SOUTIIGATE,  WILLIAM  W. 

Born  in  Kentucky,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1837  to  1839. 

SOUTHARD,  HENRY. 

Born  on  Long  Island,  October, 
1749.  When  he  was  eight  years  of 
age  his  father  removed  to  Basking- 
ridge,  in  the  Colony  of  New  Jersey. 
He  received  but  an  ordinary  educa 
tion,  and,  as  a  day-laborer,  earned 
the  money  to  buy  a  farm.  lie  took 
an  active  part  in  the  revolutionary 
war,  and  after  the  adoption  of  the 
Constitution,  served  nine  years  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1801  to  1811,  and  from  1815  to 
1821.  A  short  time  before  retiring 
from  Congress,  he  met  his  son  in 
joint  committee,  and  they  voted  to 
gether  on  the  Missouri  Compromise. 
He  died  June  2,  1842.  He  was  a 
man  of  superior  talents  and  remark 
able  memory. 


SOUTHARD,  ISAAC. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1831 
to  1833. 

SOUTHARD,  SAMUEL  L. 

Was  the  son  of  Henry  Southard  ; 
born  in  Baskingridge,  New  Jersey, 
June  9,  1787.  He  graduated  at 
Princeton  in  1804,  and  soon  after 
wards  removed  to  Virginia,  where  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1 8 1 1  he 
returned  to  his  native  State,  and 
rose  to  a  high  position  as  a  lawyer. 
He  was,  for  several  years,  Deputy 
Attorney,  and  in  1814  was  admitted 
as  counselor-at-law,  and  appointed 
Law  Reporter,  by  the  Legislature. 
In  1815  he  was  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature,  and,  in  a  week  after  tak 
ing  his  seat,  was  placed  on  the 
bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
New  Jersey.  In  1820  was  a  Pre 
sidential  Elector.  In  1821  he  was 
elected  a  Senator  in  Congress,  re 
mained  there  until  1823,  when  he 
was  appointed,  by  President  Mon 
roe,  Secretary  of  the  Navy ;  he  was 
also  Acting  Secretary  of  the  Trea 
sury,  and  for  a  short  period,  Act 
ing  Secretary  of  War.  In  1822 
he  was  elected  a  Trustee  of  Nassau 
Hall,  and  also  of  the  Theological 
Seminary  of  Princeton.  In  1830 
he  was  elected  Attorney-General  of 
the  State  ;  and  in  1832,  was  Gover 
nor  of  the  State.  In  1833  he  was 
re-elected  to  the  United  States  Se 
nate,  and  served  until  1842,  and  on 
the  death  of  President  Harrison,  he 
became  the  President  of  the  Senate. 


444 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


He  is  remembered  in  New  Jersey, 
as  the  "favorite  son"  of  that  State. 
He  died  at  Fredericksburg,  Virgi 
nia,  June  26,  1842. 

SPALDING,  THOMAS. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia,  from  1805  to 
1806. 

SPAIGHT,  RICHARD  D. 

He  commenced  his  academic  stu 
dies  in  Ireland,  and  finished  his 
education  at  the  University  of  Glas 
gow.  He  joined  the  American  army 
in  1778,  as  aid-de-camp  to  General 
Caswell,  and  was  at  the  battle  of 
Camden  in  1780.  In  1781  he 
entered  the  House  of  Commons 
of  North  Carolina;  from  1782  to 
1784,  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
tinental  Congress,  and  also  dur 
ing  the  years  1785  and  1786  ;  and 
he  was  one  of  the  delegates  to  form 
the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  to  which  his  name  is  ap 
pended.  In  1792,  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  local  Legislature,  and 
was  the  same  year  elected  Gover 
nor  of  North  Carolina.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1798  to  1801,  after  which  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate.  On 
Sunday,  September  5,  1802,  he 
fought  a  duel  with  the  Honorable 
John  Stanley,  was  wounded  in  the 
side,  and  died  in  about  twenty 
hours. 

SPAIGHT,  RICHARD  D. 

He  was  the  son  of  the  above,  and 
born  in  Newbern,  North  Carolina, 
in  1796.  He  graduated  at  the  Uni 


versity  of  that  State,  in  1815  ;  stu 
died  law ;  served  four  years  in  the 
State  Legislature ;  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1823  to 
1825  ;  he  subsequently  served  ten 
years  in  the  State  Senate,  and  was 
Governor  of  North  Carolina,  in 

1835  and    1836.      After    retiring 
from   that   office,    he   declined   all 
public  positions,  and  devoted  him 
self  to  agricultural  pursuits.      He 
died  in  1850. 

SPANGLER,  DAVID. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1833  to 
1837j  and  in  1844  was  nominated 
by  the  Whig  party,  Governor  of 
the  State,  but  declined  the  nomi 
nation.  He  died  in  Coshocton, 
Ohio,  October  18,  1856. 

SPANGLER,  JACOB. 

Born  in  1768,  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1816  to  1818,  and  sub 
sequently  Surveyor-General  of  the 
State.  Died  at  York,  Pennsylvania, 
June  17,  1843. 

SPAULDING,  ELBRIDGE  G. 

He  was  born  at  Summer  Hill, 
Cayuga  County,  New  York,  Feb 
ruary  24,  1809;  was  educated  at 
Auburn  Academy ;  taught  school, 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  Genesee  County.  In 
1834  he  removed  to  Buffalo,  and  in 

1836  was  attorney  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  York,  and  also  soli 
citor  in  chancery,  and  in  1839,  was 
counselor  of  the  same.      In  1836, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


1  i  ."> 


he  was  appointed  city  clerk  of 
Buffalo;  in  1S41  he  was  alderman, 
and  in  1847  was  elected  mayor.  In 
1848  he  was  a  member  of  the  As 
sembly  of  the  State,  and  from  1849 
to  1851  he  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  serving  on  the  Com 
mittee  of  Foreign  Relations.  In 
1853  he  was  elected  Treasurer  of 
the  State  of  New  York,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Canal  Board  for 
two  years ;  and  is  now  President  of 
the  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Bank 
of  Genesee,  at  Buffalo. 

SPEED,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1817  to 
1819. 

SPEIGHT,  JESSE. 

Born  in  Greene  County,  North 
Carolina,  September  22,  1795. 
His  education  was  limited,  but  his 
natural  abilities  were  of  a  high 
order.  In  1822  he  was  a  member 
of  the  House  of  Commons ;  in 
1823  of  the  Senate,  where  he  con 
tinued  until  1827,  officiating  several 
years  as  Speaker ;  and  he  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  North 
Carolina,  from  1829  to  1837.  He 
declined  a  re-election ;  removing  to 
Mississippi,  was  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature  there  and  made  Speaker ;  and 
from  1845  to  1847,  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  his  adopted  State. 
He  died  at  Columbus,  Mississippi, 
May  5,  1847. 

SPENCE,  JOHN  S. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  from  1837  to  1841, 


and  a  Representative,  from  1823  to 
1825,  and  again  from  1831  to  1833. 

SPENCE,  THOMAS  A. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1829;    and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Mary 
land,  from  1843  to  1845. 

SPENCER,  AMBROSE. 
Born  in   Salisbury,  Connecticut, 
December  13,    17G5;    in  1799  en 
tered  Yale  College,  and  remained 
three  years,  but  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  in   1783  ;    studied 
law,  and  settled  at  Hudson,   New 
York.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
Assembly  in  1793;    from  1795  to 
1798,  State  Senator;  in  1796  As 
sistant    Attorney-General    of    the 
Counties  of  Columbia,  and  Rensse- 
laer,  and  a  member  of  the  Council 
of  Appointment;  in  1802  was  At 
torney-General  for  the   State ;    in 
1804  was  chosen  Judge,  and  in  1810 
Chief    Justice    of    the     Supreme 
Court  of  the  State.     In   1823   he 
retired   from  the  bench,   and   was 
engaged   at    the    bar ;     and    was 
elected  a  Representative  in   Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1829  to 
1831.     He  was  also  mayor  of  Al 
bany  one  term.     He  retired  to  the 
village  of  Lyons,  in  1839,  and  en 
gaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  and 
in  1844  was  President  of  the  Na 
tional  Whig  Convention,  at  Balti 
more.     He  died  at  Lyons,  March 
13,  1848. 

'    SPENCER,  ELIJAH. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York   Assembly   in   1819;    and  a 


546 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Representative  in    Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1821  to  1823. 

SPENCER,  J.  B. 

He  served  as  a  captain  in  the 
war  of  1812,  and  was  in  several  en 
gagements  ;  he  was  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  New  York,  in  1831  and 
1832  ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
183T  to  1839.  He  subsequently 
held  the  various  positions  of  Elec 
tor,  Magistrate,  County  Judge, 
Collector,  and  Indian  Agent.  He 
died  at  Fort  Covington,  Kentucky, 
in  March,  1848. 

SPENCER,  JOHN  C. 

He  was  born  in  Hudson,  New 
York,  January  8,  1783.  He  en 
tered  Williams  College,  but  soon 
went  to  Union  College,  where  he 
graduated  in  1806.  President  Nott 
was  then  at  the  head  of  the  Col 
lege,  and  one  of  the  last  profes 
sional  acts  of  Mr.  Spencer  was  to 
defend  in  Court  the  President's  Ad 
ministration  for  many  years  of  the 
affairs  of  the  College.  Mr.  Spen 
cer  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1809, 
and  opened  an  office  in  Canandai- 
gua.  He  lived  in  Canadaigua  until 
1845,  when  he  removed  to  Albany, 
where  he  resided  until  his  death. 
He  was  private  secretary  to  Gover 
nor  Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  and  at  the 
age  of  nineteen,  became  connected 
with  public  affairs,  and  from  that 
time  until  his  last  illness,  no  promi 
nent  public  event  occurred  in  which 
he  did  not  take  an  interest.  In 
1811  he  was  made  Master  in 


Chancery;  in  1813  he  was  Brigade 
Judge-Advocate,  in  active  service 
on  the  frontier ;  in  1814  he  was  ap 
pointed  Postmaster  of  Canandai- 
gua;  in  1815  was  Assistant  Attor 
ney-General  for  the  western  part  of 
the  State  ;  and  in  1816  was  elected 
to  Congress,  where  he  remained 
two  years.  While  there  he  was  one 
of  the  Committee  who  examined 
into  the  affairs  of  the  United  States 
Bank,  and  their  report  was  drawn 
by  his  hand.  In  1820  he  was  first 
elected  to  the  Assembly,  and  was 
chosen  Speaker.  The  next  year  he 
was  returned,  but  was  in  the  mino 
rity.  In  1824  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate,  and  served  four  years. 
He  joined  the  Anti-Masonic  party 
and  was  appointed,  by  Governor 
Van  Buren,  Special  Attorney-Gene 
ral,  under  the  law  passed  for  that 
purpose,  to  prosecute  those  con 
nected  with  the  alleged  abduction 
of  Morgan.  In  1832  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  Assembly.  In  1839 
he  was  appointed  Secretary  of 
State  and  Superintendent  of  Com 
mon  Schools,  and  did  much  to  re 
duce  them  to  a  system.  He  served 
for  two  years.  He  was  appointed 
Regent  of  the  University  in  1840. 
In  October,  1841,  he  was  made 
Secretary  of  War,  by  'President 
Tyler,  and  in  March,  1843,  was 
transferred  to  the  Treasury  Depart 
ment,  but  resigned  in  1844,  from 
his  opposition  to  the  annexation 
of  Texas.  Mr.  Spencer  was  a  suc 
cessful  lawyer,  but  he  achieved  his 
highest  fame  from  his  connection 
with  the  revision  of  the  statutes  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


•NT 


New  York.  Not  content  with 
merely  preparing  the  statutes,  he 
followed  them  up  with  a  series  of 
essays  explaining  their  purposes. 
So  great  confidence  was  placed  in 
him  by  the  people,  that  he  was  se 
lected  to  revise  the  whole  body  of 
the  law  of  the  State ;  but  his  ad 
vancing  age  compelled  him  to  de 
cline  the  task.  He  was  industrious, 
and  a  man  of  intellect  and  intense 
energy.  He  died  at  Albany,  May 
18,  1855. 

SPENCER,  RICHARD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1829  to 
1831. 

SPINNER,  FRANCIS  E. 

Born  in  the  town  of  German 
Flats,  Herkimer  County,  New 
York,  (where  the  village  of  Mo 
hawk  now  stands,)  January  21, 
1802  ;  and  received  most  of  his 
instruction  from  his  father,  who  was 
a  highly  educated  German  clergy 
man.  For  twenty  years  he  was  the 
executive  officer  of  the  Mohawk 
Valley  Bank  ;  he  held  all  the  com 
missions,  from  the  Governors  of 
New  York,  from  a  lieutenant  to  a 
major-general  of  the  State  Artil 
lery  ;  was  County  Sheriff,  and  Com 
missioner  for  building  the  State 
Lunatic  Asylum.  From  1845  to 
1849  he  was  Auditor  in  the  Naval 
Office  at  New  York  ;  and  in  1854 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress,  and  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 


Accounts.     He  has  been  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

SPRAGUR,  PELEG. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1797  to  1799,  and  is  supposed  to 
have  been  the  father  of  the  Repre 
sentative  from  Maine  of  the  same 
name. 

SPRAGUE,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Cranston,  Rhode 
Island,  in  1800.  When  quite  young 
he  was  elected  to  the  General  As 
sembly,  and  in  1832  was  chosen 
Speaker  of  the  House.  In  1835  he 
was  chosen  Representative  to  Con 
gress,  and  declined  a  re-election. 
He  was  Governor  of  Rhode  Island, 
in  1838  and  1839,  and  in  1842  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly 
of  his  State  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  Provi 
dence,  October  19,  1851. 

SPRAGUE,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Rhode  Island, 
and  removing  to  Michigan,  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 

SPRIGG,  JAMES  C. 

Born  in  Maryland,  and  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1841  to  1843. 

SPRIGG,  MICHAEL  C. 

He  was  frequently  a  member 
of  the  Maryland  Legislature,  at 
one  time  President  of  the  Chesa- 


448 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


peake  and  Ohio  Canal,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  182T 
to  1831.  He  died  at  Cumberland, 
Maryland,  in  December,  1845. 

SPRIGG,  RICHARD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1796  to 
1799,  and  from  1801  to  1802. 

SPRIGG,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1793  to 
1796. 

SPRUANCE,  PRESLEY. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Delaware,  from  1847  to 
1853. 

STALLWORTH,  JAMES  A. 

Born  in  Conecuh  County,  Ala 
bama,  April  7,  1822.  He  received 
an  academic  education;  studied 
law ;  served  in  the  Legislature  dur 
ing  the  years  1845-6,  and  1847-8; 
was  twice  elected  Solicitor  for  his 
District ;  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Commerce. 

STANBERRY,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1827  to 
1833. 

STANDIFER,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1823 
to  1825,  and  again  from  1829  to 
1837.  He  died  near  Kingston, 
Tennessee,  August  24,  1836. 


STANFORD,  RICHARD. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1797  to  1816. 

STANLEY,  EDWARD. 

Born  in  North  Carolina,  and 
served  three  years  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  most  of  the  time  as 
Speaker;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1837  to  1843, 
and  again  from  1847  to  1853.  He 
subsequently  left  his  native  State, 
and  emigrated  to  California. 

STANLEY,  JOHN. 
He  was  born  in  North  Caro 
lina;  was  a  distinguished  member 
of  the  Legislature  of  North  Caro 
lina,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1801  to 
1803,  and  again  from  1809  to  1811. 
He  was  an  able  and  eloquent  deba 
ter,  greatly  respected  for  his  talents 
and  private  character.  While  de 
livering  a  speech  in  the  Legislature, 
in  1826,  he  was  arrested  by  an  at 
tack  of  hemiplegia,  from  the  effects 
of  which  he  suffered  until  his  death, 
August  3,  1834,  at  Newbern,  North 
Carolina. 

STANTON,  BENJAMIN. 

Born  at  Mount  Pleasant,  Jeffer 
son  County,  Ohio,  June  4,  1809. 
He  lived  on  a  farm  until  the  age  of 
seventeen,  and  then  worked  at  the 
trade  of  a  tailor  until  he  was  twenty- 
one.  He  studied  law,  and  settled 
in  Bellefontaine,  Ohio,  in  April, 
1834,  where  he  practiced  his  pro 
fession.  He  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  in  1841,  resigned  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


I!'.) 


1842,  but  was  re-elected  the  same 
year.  In  1S50  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  Ohio  Constitutional  Conven 
tion,  and  in  October  of  that  year  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  Representa 
tives  of  the  Thirty-second  Congress. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses; 
and  is  one  of  the  Regents  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Military 
Affairs.  He  has  also  been  re-elect 
ed  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

ST ANTON,  FREDERICK  P. 

Born  in  the  District  of  Columbia, 
and  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1845 
to  1847,  and  again  from  1847  to 
1855. 

STANTON,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Rhode  Island,  from  1790  to 
1793,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1801  to  1807. 

STANTON,  RICHARD  H. 

Born  in  the  District  of  Columbia, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1849  to 
1855. 

STARKWEATHER,  DAVID  A. 

Born  in  Connecticut,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1839  to 
1841,  and  again  from  1845  to  1847. 

STARKWEATHER,  GEORGE  A. 

Born  in  Connecticut,  and  was  a 
Representative  in    Congress,  from 
29 


New  York,  from  1847  to  1849,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Accounts. 

STEARNS,  ASAHEL. 

He  was  born  at  Lunenburg,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1774;  graduated  at 
Cambridge  University  in  1797  ;  was 
educated  as  a  lawyer ;  practiced 
with  reputation  many  years  at 
Chelmsford;  was  several  years 
County  Attorney  for  Middlesex 
County ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
from  1815  to  1817;  was  appointed 
Professor  of  Law  at  Cambridge  in 
1817,  and  continued  in  the  office 
till  1829,  when  he  resigned.  In 
1824  he  published  a  volume  on  Real 
Actions — a  learned  work.  He  was 
afterwards  appointed  one  of  the 
Commissioners  for  revising  the  sta 
tutes  of  the  Commonwealth.  After 
this  work  was  completed,  his  health 
declined,  and  he  continued  very 
feeble  till  his  decease.  He  died  at 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  Febru 
ary  5,  1839. 

STEDMAN,  WILLIAM. 

He  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1784  ;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts,  from  1803  to  1810  ;  and  died 
in  1831. 

STEELE,  JOHN. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  North  Carolina,  from  1790  to 
1793.  He  was  born  in  Salisbury, 
November  1,  1764,  and  died  Au 
gust  14,  1815.  He  was  brought  up 


450 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


a  merchant,  but  turned  his  attention 
to  agricultural  pursuits.  He  served 
a  number  of  years  in  the  State  Le 
gislature,  part  of  the  time  as  Speak 
er  ;  was  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
vention  to  consider  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States ;  he  was,  in 
1806,  Commissioner  to  adjust  the 
boundaries  between  the  States  of 
North  and  South  Carolina  ;xwas  a 
general  of  the  militia  ;  and  held  the 
office  of  First  Comptroller  of  the 
Treasury,  under  Presidents  Wash 
ington  and  Adams.  On  August  14, 
1815,  he  was  again  elected  to  the 
Legislature,  but  on  that  day  he 
died. 

STEELE,  JOHN  N. 

Born  in  Maryland,  and  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1835  to  183Y. 

STEENROD,  LEWIS. 

Born  in  Virginia,  and  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1839  to  1845. 

STEPHENS,  ALEXANDER  H. 

Born  in  Taliaferro  County,  Geor 
gia,  February  11,  1812.  He  was 
left  an  orphan  at  the  age  of  four 
teen,  when  kind  friends,  unsolicited, 
furnished  him  with  the  means  to  ob 
tain  an  education,  all  of  which  he 
subsequently  returned  with  interest. 
He  prepared  himself  for  college  in 
nine  months,  and  graduated  at 
Franklin  College  in  1832.  He 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1834.  After  paying 
his  debts,  his  first  earnings  were  de 


voted  to  redeeming  from  the  hands 
of  strangers,  the  home  of  his  child 
hood,  which  had  been  sold  after  his 
father's  death,  and  upon  which  he 
still  resides.  In  1836  he  was  elect 
ed  to  the  Lower  House  of  the  State 
Legislature,  where  he  served  five 
years,  devoting  himself  especially  to 
the  internal  interest  of  his  native 
State.  In  1839  he  was  chosen  a 
delegate  to  the  Commercial  Con 
vention  at  Charleston,  where  he  is 
said  to  have  made  a  deep  impression 
by  his  peculiar  eloquence.  In  1842 
he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  his 
State  ;  and  in  1843  he  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Georgia,  to  which  position  he  has 
been  regularly  re-elected  to  the  pre 
sent  time.  He  has  served  on  many 
committees,  delivered  many  speech 
es  ;  and  it  was  while  he  officiated  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Territories,  that  the  Territory  of 
Minnesota  was  admitted  into  the 
Union.  He  is  still  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Territories. 

STEPHENS,  PHILANDER. 

Was  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1829  to  1833. 
He  died  at  Springfield,  Pennsylva 
nia,  July  8,  1842,  aged  fifty- four 
years. 

STEPIIENSON,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  a  Delegate  in  Congress, 
from  Illinois  Territory,  from  1815 
to  1816,  when  he  was  appointed 
Receiver  of  Public  Moneys  in  Ed- 
wardsville,  Illinois. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


451 


STEPIIENSON,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Gettysburg,  Penn 
sylvania,  March  20,  17G4,  and  hav 
ing  removed  to  Virginia  at  an  early 
day,  commanded  a  company  in  the 
campaign  of  General  St.  Clair;  was 
present  at  the  quelling  of  the  Whis 
ky  Insurrection  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  promoted  to  the  office  of 
brigade-inspector ;  he  served  for 
many  years  as  a  Delegate  to  the 
Virginia  Assembly;  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1803  to  1805,  from  1809 
to  1811,  and  again  from  1822  to 
1825.  He  died  in  August,  1833. 

STEl'HENSOX,  JAMES  S. 

lie  was*a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1825 
to  1829 ;  and  died  at  Pittsburg, 
October  17,  1831. 

STERIG,  JOHN  B. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Montgomery  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  from  1827  to  1831,  and  a 
member,  in  1829,  of  the  Committee 
on  Private  Land  Claims. 

STERLING,  ANSEL. 

He  was  a  native  of  Connecticut, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1821  to  1825. 

STERLING,  MICAH. 

Born  at  Lyme,  Connecticut,  in 
1781,  and  graduated  at  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1804.  He  removed  to  the 
State  of  New  York,  and  was  for 
some  years  a  member  of  the  Legis 


lature  ;  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1821  to  1823.  He 
died  at  Watertown,  New  York, 
April  10,  1844. 

STERRETT,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States,  from  Maryland,  from  1791 
to  1793;  and  died  at  Baltimore, 
July  12,  1833,  aged  seventy-seven 
years. 

STETSON,  CHARLES. 

Born  in  New  Hampshire,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Maine,  from  1849  to  1851. 

STETSON,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ; 
served  for  three  years  in  the  As 
sembly  of  that  State,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1843  to  1845. 

STEVENS,  ABRAHAM  P. 

Born  in  New  York,  and  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

STEVENS,  IIESTOR  L. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
on  taking  up  his  residence  in  Michi 
gan,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

STEVENS,  ISAAC  I. 

He  was  born  in  North  Andover, 
Massachusetts,  in  1818  ;  graduated 
at  the  West  Point  Military  Aca 
demy  in  1839,  and  entered  the 


452 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


corps  of  engineers,  in  which  service 
he  continued  until  1853,  when  he 
was  appointed  Governor  and  Su 
perintendent  of  Indian  Aifairs  for 
the  Territory  of  Washington.  This 
office  he  resigned  in  1857,  having 
previously  been  elected  a  Delegate 
to  Congress,  from  Washington  Ter 
ritory,  where  he  still  continues.  As 
an.  officer  of  the  army,  he  was  at 
the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz,  under 
General  Scott ;  fought  in  several 
subsequent  battles;  was  severely 
wounded  in  the  final  assault  upon 
the  City  of  Mexico,  and  was  twice 
breveted  for  gallant  services.  He 
also  served  for  a  time  as  an  assist 
ant  in  the  Coast  Survey  Office  in 
Washington  City.  When  Governor 
of  Washington  Territory,  he  tra 
veled  throughout  its  whole  extent, 
and  as  Commissioner  made  many 
treaties  with  the  Indian  tribes. 

STEVENS,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Fairfield,  Con 
necticut  ;  served  in  Congress  as  a 
Representative,  from  that  State, 
from  1819  to  1821;  and  in  1822 
was  appointed  Postmaster  at  Stam 
ford  ;  he  died  at  that  place,  in 
April,  1835,  aged  sixty-seven  years. 
> 

STEVENS,  THADDEUS. 

Born  in  Vermont,  and  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1849  to  1853. 

STEVENSON,  ANDREW. 

He  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
entered  public  life  in  1804,  as  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature, 


where,  after  several  sessions,  he  was 
elected  Speaker  of  the  House.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Virginia,  from  1821 -to  1834, 
and  for  the  Twentieth,  Twenty-first, 
and  Twenty-second  Congresses,from 
1828  to  1834,  was  Speaker.  He 
was  appointed  Minister  to  Great 
Britain  in  1836,  and  remained  there 
till  he  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Everett, 
in  1841.  After  his  return  to  Ame 
rica,  he  devoted  himself  chiefly  to 
agricultural  pursuits,  and  to  the 
interest  of  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia,  of  which  institution  he  was 
Rector  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
As  a  friend  and  neighbor  he  was 
much  beloved.  He  died  at  Blenheim, 
Albemarle  County,  Virginia,  Janu 
ary  25,  1857,  aged  seventy-three. 

STEVENSON,  JOHN  W. 

Born  in  Richmond,  Virginia ; 
graduated  at  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia  ;  read  law,  and  settled  in 
Covington,  Kentucky,  in  1841,  prac 
ticing  his  profession  with  success  ; 
was  elected  to  the  Kentucky  Legis 
lature  in  1845,  1846,  and  1847;  in 
1849  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Constitutional  Convention,  in  which 
he  took  a  leading  part ;  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Democratic  National 
Conventions  of  1848,1852  and  1856; 
he  was  twice  a  Senatorial  Elector ; 
was  one  of  three  Commissioners  ap 
pointed  to  revise  the  civil  and  crimi 
nal  code  of  Kentucky ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Elec 
tions. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


453 


STEWART,  ANDREW. 

Born  in  Fayette  County,  Penn 
sylvania,  in  June  1792.  He  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1815;  was  soon  afterwards  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature,  and  served 
three  years ;  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Monroe,  District  Attor 
ney  for  Western  Pennsylvania;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1821  to  1829,  from  1831  to 
1835,  and  from  1843  to  1847.  In 
Congress  and  out  of  it,  he  was  ever 
a  warm  advocate  of  what  is  known 
as  the  "American  protective  sys 
tem,"  and  of  late  years  he  has  been 
devoted  chiefly  to  the  congenial 
pursuits  of  agriculture,  though  pay 
ing  some  attention  to  the  business 
of  manufacturing. 

STEWART,  DAVID. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  from  1849  to  1850. 

STEWART,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  during 
the  years  1818  and  1819. 

STEWART,  JAMES  A. 

He  was  born  in  Dorchester  Coun 
ty,  Maryland,  November  24,  1808  ; 
received  a  good  education,  and  stu 
died  law ;  served  in  the  State  Le 
gislature  ;  was  a  Judge  of  the  Cir 
cuit  Court  of  Maryland  ;  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fourth,  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  is  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Patents. 


STEWART,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1800 
to  1805. 

STEWART,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Chatham,  Connecticut, 
in  1795;  is  by  occupation  a  farmer; 
has  served  many  years  in  the  Con 
necticut  Legislature ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

STEWART,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Mercer,  Mercer  County,  Pennsyl 
vania,  September  16,  1811;  was 
educated  at  Jefferson  College,  in 
that  State ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  1835.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate 
of  Pennsylvania  for  three  years,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
that  State,  to  the  Thirty-Bfth  Con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Expenses  in  the  War 
Department. 

STILES.  WILLIAM  H. 

He  was  born  in  Georgia,  and 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1845,  and  before  leaving  Washing 
ton  was  appointed  Charge"  d'Affairea 
to  Austria. 

ST.  JOHN,  HENRY. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  from  1843  to  1847. 


454 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ST.  MARTIN,  LOUIS. 

He  was  born  in  Louisiana,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

STOCKTON,   RICHARD. 

Born  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey, 
April  17,  1764,  and  graduated  at 
Nassau  Hall  in  1779;  on  leaving 
college  he  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  practice  at  the  age  of 
twenty.  In  1792  he  was  a  Presi 
dential  Elector.  He  was  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States  from  179G  to 
1799,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1813  to  1815.  In  1827 
he  was  a  Commissioner  for  settling 
the  boundary  line  between  New 
York  and  New  Jersey.  He  was  emi 
nently  distinguished  for  his  talents, 
was  an  eloquent  and  profound  law 
yer,  and  during  more  than  a  quarter 
of  a  century  was  at  the  head  of  the 
bar  in  New  Jersey.  He  died  March 
7,  1828,  at  Princeton. 

STOCKTON,  ROBERT  FIELD. 

He  was  born  at  Princeton,  New 
Jersey.  Early  in  life  he  entered 
the  United  States  navy,  and  was 
actively  engaged  in  some  of  the 
most  important  naval  battles  during 
the  war  of  1812.  He  commanded 
the  American  squadron  on  the  coast 
of  Africa,  and  he  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Colony  of  Liberia. 
He  was  one  of  the  first  of  our  com 
manders  to  introduce  and  apply 
steam  to  naval  purposes,  the  famous 
sloop-of-war  Princeton  having  been 
built  under  his  supervision.  When 
war  was  declared  with  Mexico,  he 


was  placed  in  command  of  our  fleet 
in  the  Pacific,  and  performed  the 
duties  of  Commodore,  General,  and 
j  Governor,  and  the  foundation  of 
religion,  education,  and  social  pro 
gress  were  laid  by  his  instrumentali 
ty  in  many  of  those  outposts  of  our 
Western  world.  Soon  after  his 
return  from  the  Pacific  he  resigned 
his  commission  in  the  navy,  and 
devoted  himself  to  the  internal  im 
provement  of  his  native  State.  He 
was  elected  United  States  Senator, 
!  from  1851  to  1853,  serving  as  a 
j  member  of  several  important  com 
mittees.  He  is  now  living  in  re 
tirement  at  Princeton. 

STODDART,  EBENEZER. 

Born  in  West  Woodstock,  Con 
necticut,  May  6,  1786,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Brown  University  in  1806  ; 
he  was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and 
practiced  extensively;  had  several 
years  been  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature ;  and  was  Lieutenant- 
Go  vernor  of  the  State  for  one  year. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1821  to  1825,  and  died 
at  Woodstock,  August,  1848. 

STODDART,  JOHN  T. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1833  to 
1835,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Claims  and  on  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

STOKELY,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  received  a 
liberal  education  ;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law ;  served  in  the  State 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


455 


Legislature ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1841  to  1843,  serving  on  two  pro 
minent  committees. 

x» 

STOKES,  MONTFOKD. 

Born  in  North  Carolina  in  17GO; 
was  for  several  years  Clerk  of  the 
Superior  Court,  and  subsequently  of 
the  Senate,  in  which  capacity  he 
became  so  popular  as  to  be  elected 
to  the  United  States  Senate,  which 
honor  he  declined.  He  was  again 
elected  in  1810  to  the  same  posi 
tion,  and  served  until  1823.  In 
1826  he  went  into  the  General  As 
sembly  as  Senator,  in  1829  into  the 
Commons,  also  in  1830,  when  he 
was  elected  Governor  of  the  State. 
In  1831  he  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Jackson,  Indian  Agent  in 
Arkansas,  where  he  died,  in  1842. 

STONE,  ALFRED  P. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1844  to 
1845. 

STONE,  DAVID. 

Born  in  Bertie  County,  North 
Carolina,  February  IT,  1770;  gra 
duated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1788;  studied  law,  and  rose  to 
a  high  position  at  the  bar;  he 
was  four  years  in  the  State  Le 
gislature  ;  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  from  1795  to  1798 ;  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1799  to 
1801 ;  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
1801  to  1807  ;  Governor  of  North 
Carolina  in  1808;  and  served  a 
second  term  as  United  States  Se 
nator,  from  1813  to  1814,  which 


position  he  resigned,  on  account  of 
disagreements  with  his  constituents. 
Died  October  7,  1818. 

STONE,  JAMES. 

Born  in  Kentucky,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

STONE,  JAMES  W. 

Born  in  Kentucky  in  1813,  and 
died  October  13,  1854.  lie  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1843  to  1845,  and  again  from  1851 
to  1853. 

STONE,  MICHAEL. 

He  was  born  in  Charles  County, 
Maryland,  about  the  year  1750,  and 
died  in  1812.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  his  na 
tive  State,  from  1789  to  1791 ;  and 
was  subsequently,  for  many  years, 
Judge  of  the  Charles  County  Court. 

STONE,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1838 
to  1839. 

STOKER,  BELLAMY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1835  to 
1837,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions. 

STORER,  CLEMENT. 

He  was  born  in  17  GO,  and  died 
at  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire, 
November  22,  1830.  He  was  a 
United  States  Senator,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1817  to  1819. 


456 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


STORES,  HENRY  R. 

Born  in  Middletown,  Connecti 
cut,  in  1187.  He  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1804;  practiced 
law  some  years  at  Utica,  New 
York,  and  during  his  residence 
there,  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1819  to  1821,  and  from 
1823  to  1831.  He  afterwards  es 
tablished  himself  in  the  City  of 
New  York,  where  he  soon  became 
a  very  eminent  practitioner  in  his 
profession.  He  was  possessed  of 
extensive  and  various  acquirements, 
uncommon  powers  of  discrimina 
tion,  great  logical  exactness,  and  a 
ready  and  powerful  elocution ;  and 
as  a  debater  in  Congress,  he  stood 
conspicuous  in  the  first  rank.  He 
died  July  29,  1837,  at  New  Haven. 

STORES,  WILLIAM  L. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1814 ; 
adopted  the  law  as  a  profession ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Connecticut,  from  1829  to 
1833,  and  again  from  1839  to  1840; 
and  has,  for  many  years  past,  been 
the  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Connecticut. 

STORY,  JOSEPH. 

Born  in  Marblehead,  Massachu 
setts,  September  18,  1779.  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1798  ;  studied  law  ;  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature  in  1805, 
and  elected  Speaker ;  and  during 
the  years  1808  and  1809,  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress.  In 
1811,  he  was  appointed,  by  Presi 


dent  Madison,  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  the  United  States, 
which  office  he  held  until  his  death. 
He  acquired  a  large  fortune  from 
his  practice  as  a  lawyer,  and  it  is 
said  that  his  income  from  the  sale 
of  his  legal  writings,  which  are 
numerous  and  of  the  highest  order, 
numbering  twenty-seven  volumes, 
with  thirty-four  volumes  of  deci 
sions,  has  amounted  to  ten  thou 
sand  dollars  per  annum.  In  1830 
j  he  was  appointed  Dane  Professor 
in  the  Law  School  of  Harvard 
University,  and  subsequently  pub 
lished  his  Commentaries  on  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States. 
In  early  life  he  was  a  writer  of 
poetry,  and  in  his  later  years,  was 
considered,  even  in  England,  "the 
first  of  living  writers  on  law."  He 
received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
the  Colleges  of  Harvard,  Brown, 
and  Dartmouth.  He  died  in  Cam 
bridge,  September  10,  1845.  His 
life  was  published  by  his  son,  W. 
W.  Story,  in  1851. 

STOW,  SILAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New^York,  from  1811 
to  1813. 

STOWER,  JOHN  G. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  "from  New  York,  from  1827 
to  1829,  and  was  a  State  Senator, 
from  Madison  County,  in  1833  and 
1834. 

STRANAHAN,  J.  S.  T. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1855  to  1857. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


457 


STRANGE,  ROBERT. 

Born  in  Virginia,  September  20, 
1796;  educated  at  Hampden  Sid 
ney  College  ;  studied  law  and  re-  : 
moved  to  North  Carolina,  where 
he  took  a  high  position  in  his  pro 
fession  ;  he  served  a  number  of 
years  in  the  State  Legislature ; 
was  elected  in  1826  a  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court ;  and  held  the  of-  | 
fice  until  he  was  elected  a  Senator  j 
of  the  United  States,  from  1837  to 
1841,  but  resigned  his  seat  in  1840, 
having  received  from  his  State  in 
structions  incompatible  with  his 
ideas  of  duty.  He  was  subse 
quently  appointed  Solicitor  for  the 
Fifth  Judicial  District  of  the  State, 
and  toward  the  close  of  his  life, 
was  wholly  devoted  to  his  profes 
sion.  He  died  in  1854. 

STIIATTON,  CHARLES  C. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1839, 
and  again  from  1841  to  1843. 

STRATTON,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1801  to 
1803. 

STIIATTON,  NATHAN  T. 

Born  in  New  Jersey,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1851  to  1855. 

STRAUB,  CHRISTIAN  M. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 


STREET,  RANDALL  8. 

He  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Con 
necticut,  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1819  to  1821. 

STROHM,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  October  16,  1793, 
in  Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania, 
in  what  is  now  Fulton  Township ; 
received  a  common  school  educa 
tion,  and  taught  a  school  for  six 
years.  In  1831  he  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  the  Legislature 
of  his  native  State,  serving  three 
sessions  in  the  House  and  eight  in 
the  Senate,  and  during  one  term  as 
Speaker.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1845  to  1847, 
and  for  a  second  term  ending  in 
1849. 

STRONG,   CALEB. 

Born  in  January,  1745,  and  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  College  in  1764. 
In  consequence  of  poor  health  he 
did  not  commence  the  practice  of 
law  for  eight  years  afterwards.  He 
spent  his  life  at  Northampton, 
where  his  paternal  ancestors  had 
lived  from  the  year  1659.  He  held 
various  public  offices.  In  1780  he 
was  chosen  one  of  the  Council  of 
Massachusetts.  In  1779  he  assisted 
in  forming  the  Constitution  of  that 
State;  and  in  1787  he  also  assist 
ed  in  forming  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States.  From  1789  to 
1797  he  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
and  from  1800  to  1807  he  was  Go 
vernor  of  the  State ;  also,  from 
1812  to  1815.  Governor  Strong 


458 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


was  a  man  of  unimpeachable  moral 
character,  and  he  possessed  a  vigor 
ous  and  well  cultivated  mind.  He 
died  November  7,  1819. 

STRONG,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Windham,  Con 
necticut,  in  1783,  and  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Vermont  in  1806 ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1819  to 
1821 ;  and  again  from  1823  to 
1831.  He  died  in  Chester,  New 
Jersey,  August  8,  1847. 

STRONG,  SELAH  B. 

He  was  born  in  Brookhaven, 
Long  Island,  May  1,  1792;  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1811 ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1814 ;  was  at  one  time 
Attorney  for  Suffolk  County ;  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1843  to  1845  ;  and  was  appointed, 
in  1847,  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  York. 

STRONG,  SOLOMON. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1815  to  1819. 

STRONG,  STEPHEN. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1845  to  1847. 

STRONG,  THERON  R. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut ; 
served  in  the  Assembly  of  New 
York,  from  Wayne  County,  in  1842 ; 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 


gress,  from  New  York,  from  1839 
to  1841. 

STRONG,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Windham  Coun 
ty,  Connecticut,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1811  to  1815,  and  again 
from  1819  to  1821. 

STRONG,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Somers,  Tolland  County, 
Connecticut,  May  G,  1808  ;  attend 
ed  Plainfield  Academy,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1828; 
taught  school  in  Connecticut  and 
New  Jersey ;  studied  law  in  New 
Haven,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar,  in  Philadelphia,  in  1832;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1847  to 
1851. 

STROTHER,  GEORGE  F. 

He  was  a  native  of  Culpepper 
County,  Virginia,  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Virginia,  from  1817 
to  1820,  when  he  was  appointed 
Receiver  of  Public  Moneys  at  St. 
Louis,  Missouri. 

STROTIIER,  JAMES  F. 

He  was  born  in  Culpepper  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  September  4,  1811, 
received  a  collegiate  education,  and 
adopted  the  profession  of  law,  which 
he  still  continues  to  practice.  He 
served  ten  years  in  the  Legislature 
of  Virginia,  having  occupied  the 
chair  of  Speaker  during  the  sessions 
of  1847  and  1848.  He  was  a  mem- 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


459 


her,  in  1850,  of  the  Convention 
which  formed  the  present  Constitu 
tion  of  the  State  ;  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1851  to 


STUUDWICK,  WILLIAM  E. 
lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1796  to 
1797. 

STUART,  ALEXANDER  II.  H. 
He  was  born  in  Virginia  ;  studied 
law,  and  settled  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  Stauntou,  Vir 
ginia;  served  a  number  of  years 
in  the  Legislature  of  Virginia; 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843  ; 
and  was  appointed,  by  President 
Fillmore,  Secretary  of  the  Inte 
rior  Department.  His  last  public 
position,  which  he  now  occupies, 
is  that  of  State  Senator  in  the  Le 
gislature  of  Virginia. 

STUART,  ANDREW. 
Born  in  Pennsylvania  ;  and  was 
elected   a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1853  to  1855. 

STUART,  ARCHIBALD. 
He  was   born   in  Virginia,  and 
elected   a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837  to 
1839. 

STUART,  CHARLES  E. 
He  was  born  in  Columbia  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  November  25,  1810, 
and  adopted  the  profession  of  law. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Michigan 
Legislature  in  1842;  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Thirtieth  and  Thirty-se 


cond  Congresses,  and  was  elected,  in 
1853,  a  Senator  in  Congress,  where 
he  still  continues,  serving  as  Chair 
man  of  the  important  Committee  on 
Public  Lauds. 

STUART,  DAVID. 

Born  in  New  York,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Michigan,  from  1853  to  1855. 

STUART,  JOHN  T. 

Born  in  Kentucky,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Illinois,  from  1839  to  1843. 

STUART,  PHILIP. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1811  to 
1819. 

STURGEON,  DANIEL. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1840  to 
1851. 

STURGES,  JONATHAN. 

Born  at  Fairfield,  Connecticut, 
August  23, 1740;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1 759, and  became  a  lawyer. 
In  17  75  he  was  chosen  a  Delegate  to 
Congress ;  he  espoused  and  support 
ed  the  cause  of  Independence,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1789  to  1793,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Connecticut,  and  continued 
in  the  office  until  1805.  He  died  at 
Fairfield,  October  4,  1819. 

STURGES,  LEWIS  BURR. 

Born  in  Fairfield,  Connecticut,  in 
1762,  and  graduated  at  Yale  Col- 


460 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


lege  in  1782.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Connecti 
cut,  from  1805  to  1817;  and  subse 
quently  emigrated  to  the  State  of 
Ohio.  He  died  in  Norwalk,  Ohio, 
March  30,  1844. 

SULLIVAN,  GEORGE. 

He  was  born  in  Durham,  New 
Hampshire,  in  1772;  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1790,  and 
commenced  in  early  life  the  practice 
of  law  in  Exeter,  which  he  continued 
for  more  than  forty  years,  and  ac 
quired  a  high  reputation.  He  was 
a  Representative  in  the  General 
Court,  in  1805  and  1813;  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  in  1811  and 
1812 ;  and  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate,  in  1814  and  1815.  He  was 
twenty-one  years  Attorney-General 
of  the  State,  which  office  he  resigned 
in  1836.  He  died  at  Exeter,  June 
14,  1838,  highly  esteemed  for  his 
talents  and  public  usefulness. 

SUMMERS,  GEORGE  W. 

He  was  born  in  Fairfax  County, 
Virginia,  near  Alexandria,  but  has 
lived  from  infancy  in  Kanawha 
County,  in  the  western  part  of  the 
State.  He  was  educated  for  the 
legal  profession,  and  came  to  the 
bar  in  1827.  In  1830  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Delegates,  and  continued  to  repre 
sent  Kanawha  County  in  the  Le 
gislature  for  several  years.  He 
was  elected  to  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  in  the  spring  of  1841, 
and  re-elected  in  1843,  serving 
throughout  the  Twenty-seventh 


and  Twenty-eighth  Congresses.  In 
1850  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  State  Convention  which  framed 
the  present  Constitution  of  Virgi 
nia.  In  1851  he  was  unanimously 
nominated  as  the  Whig  candidate 
for  Governor,  at  the  first  election  of 
the  Governor  by  the  people,  that 
officer  having  been  previouslychosen 
by  the  Legislature,  but  was  defeat 
ed.  In  May,  1852,  he  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  Eighteenth  Judicial 
Circuit  in  Virginia,  and  having 
served  in  that  capacity  for  six 
years,  he  resigned  his  office,  July 
1,  1858,  there  being  two  years  of 
the  term  for  which  he  had  been 
elected  unexpired.  He  is  now  de 
voting  himself  to  agriculture,  and 
the  practice  of  law. 

SUMNER,  CHARLES. 

Born  in  Boston,  January  G,  1811. 
After  preparing  himself  at  a  Latin 
school  in  his  native  city,  he  entered 
Harvard  College  in  1826,  and  in 
1831  commenced  his  studies  at  the 
Cambridge  Law  School.  While 
yet  a  student,  he  wrote  several  ar 
ticles  in  the  American  Jurist,  which 
attracted  attention,  and  before  his 
admission  to  the  bar  he  became  the 
editor  of  that  periodical.  He  con 
tinued  to  occupy  this  position  for 
three  years.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1834,  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Boston,  where  he  was  appointed  re 
porter  to  the  Circuit  Court,  and 
published  three  volumes  known  as 
"Sumner's  Reports."  During  the 
three  winters  succeeding  his  admis- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


4G1 


sion  to  the  bar,  and  again  in  1843, 
he  lectured  at  the  Cambridge  Law 
School,  by  invitation  of  the  faculty. 
In  1837  he  visited  Europe,  where 
he   remained   until    the   spring   of 
1840.       On    the   death    of   Judge  ! 
Story,  in  1845,  he  was  offered  the  j 
appointment  to  the  chair  he  had 
occupied,  but  he  declined  the  honor. 
He  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of 
the  United  States  in   1851,  which 
position  he  continues  to  hold  at  the 
present   time.      Since   the    assault  i 
made   upon   him   by   Mr.  Preston  j 
Brooks,  on  the  floor  of  the  Senate, 
he  has  not  taken  any  part  in  the 
proceedings  of  that  body,  and  has 
again  visited  Europe  for  the  benefit 
of  his  health. 

SUMTEK,  THOMAS. 

A  distinguished  soldier  of  the 
American  Revolution  ;  was  a  citizen 
of  South  Carolina ;  and  was  pro 
moted,  by  Governor  Rutledge,  in 
1780,  from  the  office  of  colonel  to 
that  of  brigadier-general.  For  his 
services  he  received  the  thanks  of 
Congress,  and  the  applause  of  his 
country.  In  1809  he  was  appoint-  i 
ed  Minister  to  Brazil,  and  on  his  j 
return,  in  1811,  he  was  chosen  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States.  He 
died  suddenly,  June  1,  1832,  aged 
ninety-seven. 

SUMTEIl,  THOMAS  D. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  South  Carolina,  from  1840  to 
1843. 


SUTHERLAND,  JOEL  B. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Philadelphia  County, 
Pennsylvania,  from  1827  to  1837, 
and  was  Chairman  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Commerce  during  the 
Twenty-fourth  Congress. 

SUTHERLAND,  JOSIAII. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-second  Congress,  from  that 
State. 

SWAN,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  1771,  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  Jer 
sey,  from  1821  to  1831,  and  died  at 
Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  August  24, 
1844. 

SWANWICK,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1795  to  1798. 

SWART,  PETER. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Senate,  from  Schoharie  Coun 
ty,  from  1817  to  1820,  and  had 
been  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1807  to  1809. 

SWEARING  EN,   HENRY. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1839  to  1841. 

SWEARINGEN,  THOMAS  V. 

He  was  born  in  Jefferson  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  and  elected  a  Repre- 


462 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


sentative  in    Congress,   from  that 
State,  from  1819  to  1821. 

SWEENY,  GEORGE. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1839  to  1843. 

SWEETSER,  CHARLES. 

Born  in  Vermont,  and  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  Ohio, 
from  1849  to  1853. 

SWIFT,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  born  at  Amenia,  New 
York,  April  5,  1781  ;  he  received 
an  academic  education ;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  practice  at 
Bennington  in  1800  ;  he  was  settled 
for  a  time  in  Manchester,  and  sub 
sequently  in  St.  Albans,  where  he 
rose  to  eminence  in  his  profession. 
In  1813  and  1814,  1825  and  1826, 
he  was  a  Representative  to  the  Ge 
neral  Assembly,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Ver 
mont,  from  1821  to  1831.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  A.M.  from 
Middlebury  College  in  1820,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  corporation  of 
that  institution,  from  1830  to  1839. 
In  1833  he  was  elected  to  the  Se 
nate  of  the  United  States  for  six 
years,  after  which  he  retired  to  pri 
vate  life.  While  in  apparent  good 
health  he  died  suddenly,  in  an  open 
field  on  his  farm,  November  11,1841. 

SWIFT,  ZEPHANIAH. 

Born  in  Wareham,  Massachu 
setts,  in  1159;  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1718,  and  established 


himself  as  a  lawyer  at  Windham, 
Connecticut,  where  his  superior  ta 
lents  gained  him  a  lucrative  practice 
in  his  profession.  He  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Con 
necticut,  from  1193  to  1191,  and  in 
1800  was  secretary  to  Ellsworth, 
Davie,  and  Murray  in  their  mission 
to  France.  Soon  after  his  return  he 
was  placed  on  the  bench  of  the  Su 
perior  Court  of  the  State,  where  he 
continued  eighteen  years,  during  the 
last  five  of  which  he  was  Chief  Jus 
tice.  He  was  afterwards  a  member 
of  the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
one  of  a  committee  to  revise  the 
Statute  Laws  of  the  State.  He  pub 
lished  several  works;  among  them 
was  a  Digest  of  the  Laws  of  Con 
necticut,  on  the  model  of  Black- 
stone.  He  died  at  Warren,  Ohio, 
September  21,  1823. 

SWOOPE,  JACOB. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1809  to 
1811. 

SWOPE,  SAMUEL  F. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative,  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1855  to  1851. 

SYKES,  GEORGE. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1841. 

TAGGART,  SAMUEL. 

Born  in  Londonderry,  Massachu 
setts,  and  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
in  1114;  he  studied  for  the  minis- 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


463 


try,  and  settled  in  Coleraine  in  1777. 
He  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  serv 
ing  from  1803  to  1817,  and  died  in 
1825,  aged  seventy-one  years. 

TAII.  CHARLES. 

He  was  born  in  Louisa  County, 
Virginia,  but  removed  at  an  early 
age  to  Georgia,  lie  was  for  several 
years  a  Judge  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  Georgia,  and  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1809  to  1819.  He  distinguished 
himself  as  a  supporter  of  the  ad 
ministrations  of  Madison  and  Mon 
roe.  In  1819  he  removed  to  Ala 
bama,  and  was  appointed  a  Judge 
of  the  District  Court,  when  first 
established  in  that  State,  which  of 
fice  he  resigned  in  182G.  He  died 
iu  Wilcox  County,  Alabama,  Octo 
ber  7,  1835,  in  the  sixty-eighth  year 
of  his  age. 

TALBOT,  ALBERT  G. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
that  State,  to  the  Thirty-fourth 
and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  and  is 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Expenditures  in  the  War  Depart 
ment,  and  a  member  of  that  on 
Roads  and  Canals. 

TALBOT,  ISIIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Bedford  County, 
Virginia,  in  1773;  received  a  good 
education;  studied  law,  and  prac 
ticed  with  success ;  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Kentucky  Senate,  from 
1812  to  1815;  from  1815  to  1819  a 


member  of  the  United  States  Se 
nate,  and  for  a  second  term,  from 
1820  to  1825.  He  died  near  Frank 
fort,  September  27,  1837. 

TALBOT,  SILAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1793 
to  1794,  when  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Washington,  captain  in 
the  navy,  having  previously  served 
a  number  of  years  in  the  State  As 
sembly,  from  Montgomery  County. 

TALIAFERRO,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia,  from  1799  to 
1802. 

TALIAFERRO,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1708 ; 
was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1801  to 
1803,  from  181 1  to  1813,  from  1824 
to  1831,  and  from  1835  to  1843. 
For  three  years  before  his  death  he 
was  Librarian  of  the  Treasury  De 
partment  in  Washington.  He  died 
at  his  residence  in  Virginia,  August 
18,  1853. 

TALLMADGE,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  born  in  Litch field,  Con 
necticut,  about  the  year  1754  His 
military  services  were  very  valuable ; 
he  acted  a  prominent  part  in  the 
capture  of  Andre ;  planned  and 
conducted  the  expedition  in  1780, 
which  resulted  in  the  capture  of 
Fort  George  and  the  destruction  of 
the  British  stores  on  Long  Island ; 
and  was  a  member  of  Washington's 


564 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


military  family.  After  the  war, 
having  attained  the  rank  of  gene 
ral,  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pur 
suits,  and  acquired  a  large  property. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Connecticut,  from  1801 
to  1811.  He  was  highly  respected 
for  his  public  services  and  private 
character,  and  died  at  Litchfield, 
Connecticut,  March  6,  1835. 

TALLMADGE,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Stanford,  Dutchess 
County,  New  York,  January  28, 
1188;  graduated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  1798,  and  was  by  profes 
sion  a  lawyer.  He  was  early  in  his 
public  life  private  secretary  to  Go 
vernor  Clinton,  and  during  the  war 
of  1812  commanded  a  portion  of 
the  force  detailed  for  the  defence  of 
New  York  City.  From  1817  to 
1819  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  and  de 
clined  a  re-election ;  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  which  framed 
the  Constitution  of  the  State,  and 
in  1823  was  elected  to  the  Assembly 
from  Dutchess  County.  From  1825 
to  1828  he  was  Lieutenant-Govenor, 
under  Clinton,  and  in  184G  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  New  York.  For  the  last 
twenty  years  of  his  life  he  was  Pre 
sident  of  the  American  Institute  in 
New  York.  He  visited  Europe, 
and  benefited  the  United  States  by 
his  introduction  of  a  knowledge  of 
American  machinery  into  Russia, 
and  induced  that  government  to 
adopt  it  in  their  manufacture  of 
cotton  goods.  He  was  one  of  the 


founders  of  the  University  of  New 
York,  and  was  President  of  the 
Council.  He  was  honored  with 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  that  in 
stitution.  He  died,  suddenly,  in 
New  York  City,  September  29, 
1853. 

TALLMADGE,  NATHANIEL  P. 
He  was  born  in  Chatham,  Co 
lumbia  County,  New  York,  Feb 
ruary  8,  1795;  graduated  at  Union 
College ;  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1818;  was  a 
member  of  the  Assembly  of  New 
York  in  1828;  of  the  State  Senate, 
from  1830  to  1833  ;  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1833  to  1844  ;  and  was  subsequently 
appointed,  by  President  Tyler,  Ter 
ritorial  Governor  of  Wisconsin, 
where  he  now  resides,  devoted  to 
his  profession. 

TALLMAN,  PELEG. 
He  was  born  at  Tiverton,  Rhode 
!  Island,  in  1764 ;  in  1778,  at  the  age 
j  of  fourteen,  he  entered  into  the  pri- 
!  vateering  service  for  employment; 
i  in  1780  he  had  his  left  arm  shot 
j  off;  and  in  1781  he  was  taken  pri- 
i  soner,  and  was  confined  in  Ireland 
I  and  England  till  the  peace  in  1783. 
i  He  soon  afterwards  became   com- 
i  mander  of  a  merchant  vessel,  and, 
]  after  following  a  seafaring  life  for 
j  many  years,  he  devoted  himself  to 
j  the  business  of  a  merchant,  and  ac 
quired  a  large  fortune.     He  was  a 
Representative   in   Congress,  from 
\  Massachusetts,  from  1811  to  181 3, 
and  died  at  Bath,  Maine,  March  8, 
1841. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


465 


TALMADGE,  FREDERICK  A. 

He  was  born  in  Litchfield,  Con 
necticut,  August  29,  1792;  gra 
duated  at  Yale  College  in  1811, 
and  having  studied  law,  settled  in 
New  York,  to  practice,  in  1814  ;  in 
1836  he  was  elected  an  alderman  of 
the  city,  and  also  a  State  Senator  ; 
was,  subsequently,  five  years  Re 
corder  of  the  city ;  a  Representa 
tive,  from  New  York,  of  the  Thir 
tieth  Congress ;  was  again  Recorder 
for  three  years,  and  in  1857  was 
appointed  General  Superintendent 
of  the  Metropolitan  Police,  in  which 
position  he  is  now  acting. 

TANNEHILL,  ADAMSON. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1813 
to  1815. 

TAPPAN,  BENJAMIN. 

Born  at  Northampton,  Massa 
chusetts,  May  25,  1773;  was  taught 
the  business  of  copper-plate  en 
graving  and  printing ;  devoted  some 
attention  to  portrait  painting  ;  and 
subsequently  studied  and  adopted 
the  profession  of  law.  In  1799  he 
emigrated  to  Ohio,  and  was  one  of 
the  earliest  settlers  there  ;  in  1803 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
the  new  State ;  he  served  in  the  war 
of  1812  as  aid-de-camp  to  General 
Wadsworth ;  was  for  seven  years 
President  Judge  of  the  Fifth  Ohio 
Circuit;  in  1833  he  was  appointed, 
by  President  Jackson,  United  States 
Judge  for  the  Ohio  District ;  and 
he  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1839  to  1845,  serving 
30 


as  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Library,  lie  died  at  Steuben- 
ville,  Ohio,  April  12,  1857. 

TAPPAN,  MASON  W. 

Born  in  Newport,  Sullivan  Coun 
ty,  New  Hampshire  ;  fitted  for  col 
lege,  and  studied  law  as  a  profes 
sion  ;  he  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Legislature  in  1 853, 1854,  and  1855 ; 
and  a  Representative,  from  New 
Hampshire,  in  the  Thirty-fourth 
Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-fifth,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Judiciary. 

TARR,   CHRISTIAN. 

He  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Mary 
land,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1817  to  181 9,  and  again  from  1820 
to  1821. 

TATE,  MAGNUS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1815  to  1817. 

TATNALL,  EDWARD  F. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia,  from  1821  to 

1827. 

TATTNALL,  JOSIAII. 

He  was  born  at  Bonaventure, 
near  Savannah,  and  died  in  the 
West  Indies,  in  1804.  His  boy 
hood  was  full  of  adventure,  and  at 
the  age  of  eighteen  he  joined  the 
army  of  General  Wayne,  at  Ebene- 
zer.  In  1793  he  was  appointed 
colonel  of  a  Georgia  regiment,  and 
in  1800  a  brigadier-general,  partici- 


466 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


pating  extensively  in  the  military 
affairs  of  the  State,  and  serving  oc 
casionally  in  the  Legislature.  He 
also  served  in  1796  at  Louisville,  in 
the  General  Assembly  that  rescinded 
the  Yazoo  Act  of  1795  ;  and  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  Georgia, 
from  1796  to  1799. 

TATUM,  ABSALOM. 

A  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  North  Carolina,  during  the 
years  1795  and  1796. 

TAUL,  MICAII, 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  18 15  to 
1817. 

TAYLOR,  GEORGE. 

He  was  born  in  Wheeling,  Vir 
ginia,  October  19,  1820,  and  after 
receiving  a  liberal  education,  turned 
his  attention  to  the  study  of  medi 
cine,  but  subsequently  adopted  the 
profession  of  law  ;  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1840,  and  removed  to 
Indiana,  where  he  was  successful  as 
a  special  pleader.  In  1844  he  re 
moved  to  Alabama,  and  there  prac 
ticed  his  profession  for  four  years, 
after  which  he  removed  to  New 
York,  where  he  now  resides.  In 
1856  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Committees 
on  Revolutionary  Claims,  and  on 
the  Cost  of  Public  Buildings.  As 
an  author,  writing  upon  topics 
connected  with  the  natural  sci 
ences,  he  has  been  successful.  A 
work  published  in  1851,  and  en 
titled  "  Indications  of  the  Creator," 


has  passed  through  four  editions, 
and  been  highly  applauded  by  the 
critics  of  England  and  France. 
lie  has  also  written  much  in  behalf 
of  popular  education,  and  his  col 
lected  addresses  and  lectures  make 
quite  a  large  and  interesting  vo 
lume. 

TAYLOR,  JOHN. 

He  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1790;  was  distinguished 
for  his  attention  to  agriculture,  and 
published  a  work  entitled  "  Con 
structor  Construed :  an  Inquiry 
into  the  Principles  and  Policy  of 
the  Government  of  the  United 
States,  1814;  "  and  was  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1792  to  1794,  in  1803, 
and  from  1822  to  1824.  He  died 
in  Caroline  County,  Virginia,  Au 
gust  20,  1824,  at  an  advanced  age. 

TAYLOR,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1807  to  1810,  and  for  a  second 
term,  from  1815  to  1817,  when  he 
was  appointed  Receiver  of  Public 
Moneys  in  Mississippi  Territory. 

TAYLOR,  JOHN  J. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  having  settled  in  New  York, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

TAYLOR,  JOHN  L. 

Born  in  Stafford  County,  Vir 
ginia,  March  7, 1805 ;  was  educated 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


407 


in  the  common  schools  and  semi 
naries  of  the  neighborhood ;  studied 
law  in  Washington  City,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1828 ;  set 
tled  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  in  1829; 
he  was  for  six  years  major-general 
of  the  Ohio  militia ;  and  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1847  to  1855,  serving 
from  time  to  time  on  important 
committees. 

TAYLOR,  JOHN  W. 

Born  in  Saratoga  County,  New 
York,  in  1784,  and  graduated  at 
Union  College  in  1803.  He  studied 
law  in  Albany  ;  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  in  1811,  and 
while  in  that  body  was  elected  to 
Congress,  where  he  served  from 
1813  to  1833.  He  was  Speaker  of 
the  House,  during  the  second  ses 
sion  of  the  Sixteenth  Congress, 
during  the  passage  of  the  Missouri 
Compromise.  lie  removed  to 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1843,  where 
he  died  in  September,  1854.  He 
was  for  many  years  a  leading  and 
prominent  stateman  of  New  York, 
and  was  esteemed  for  his  personal 
virtues-and  liberal  hospitality. 

TAYLOR,  JONATHAN. 

He  was  a  native  of  Connecticut, 
and  having  removed  to  Ohio,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1839 
to  1841. 

TAYLOR,  MILES. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
having  taken  up  his  residence  in 


Louisiana,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative,  from  that  State,  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gresses,  and  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Claims,  and  on  the 
Judiciary. 

TAYLOR,  NATHANIEL  G. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
\v;is  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1854  to  1855. 

TAYLOR,  ROBERT. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  his  native 
State,  from  1825  to  1827. 

TAYLOR,  WALLER. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Indiana,  from  1816  to  1825, 
and  died  August  26,  1826. 

TAYLOR,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut ;  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1833  to  1839,  and 
served  two  years  in  the  Assembly 
of  that  State,  from  New  York 
City,  and  two  years  from  Onondaga 
County. 

TAYLOR,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Alexandria,  District  of 
Columbia ;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Vir 
ginia,  from  1843  to  1847,  but  died 
in  Washington  City,  January  17, 
1846. 

TAYLOR,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1835. 


468 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


TAZEWELL,  HENRY. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Virginia,  from  1794  to  1799. 
He  died  January  24,  1799. 

TAZEWELL,  LITTLETON  W. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  during  the 
years  1800  and  1801 ;  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States,  from  1824  to 
1833;  and  Governor  of  Virginia, 
from  1834  to  1837. 

TELFAIR,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia,  from  1813  to 
1817. 

TEN  EYCK,  E. 

He  was  born  in  Rensselaer  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  April  18,  1779: 
graduated  at  Williams  College ; 
studied  law  in  Albany  ;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Assembly  in  1812  and 
1813,  and  Speaker  ;  member  also  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1822;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1823 
to  1825.  He  also  held  the  offices 
of  Judge  of  the  Jefferson  County 
Court,  and  president  of  a  county 
agricultural  society.  He  died  at 
Watertown,  New  York,  April  11, 
1844. 

TENNEY,  SAMUEL. 

Was  born  at  Byfield,  Massa 
chusetts  ;  and  having  received  a 
collegiate  education  at  Harvard 
University,  commenced  the  study 
of  medicine.  When  the  revolution 
ary  war  began,  he  was  found  among 


the  assertors  of  his  country's  rights ; 
and  was  present  at  the  battle  of 
Bunker's  Hill,  where  he  was  em 
ployed  in  attending  upon  the 
wounded.  He  served  during  the 
whole  war,  and  was  attached  to  the 
Rhode  Island  line  of  the  Provincial 
army.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
I  retired  from  his  profession,  and  set- 
|  tied  at  Exeter,  New  Hampshire. 
For  many  years  he  was  Judge  of 
Probate ;  and  in  1800  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  the  Congress 
of  the  United  States,  serving  until 
1807.  His  death,  which  occurred 
i  in  1816,  was  universally  regretted. 
An  ardent  lover  of  his  country,  a 
faithful  expounder  of  her  laws  and 
institutions,  and  an  elegant  scholar, 
his  memory  is  still  fondly  cherished 
by  many  who  knew  him. 

TERRILL,  WILLIAM. 
He  was  frequently  a  member  o' 
the  Georgia  Legislature,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1817  to  1821.  Be 
coming  tired  of  politics,  he  took 

I  great  interest  in  the  promotion  of 
agricultural  science,  and  in  1853  he 
made  a  donation  of  $20,000  for  the 
establishment  of  an  agricultural  pro 
fessorship  in  the  University  of  Geor 
gia,  which  professorship  bears  his 

I  name.  He  was  one  of  the  most 
accomplished  and  useful  citizens  of 
his  State,  and  died  at  Sparta, 
Georgia,  July  4,  1855. 

TERRY,  NATHANIEL. 
Born  in  Enfield,  Connecticut,  in 
1768,  and  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1786.     He  resided  in  Hartford, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


4G9 


Connecticut,  and  held  various  offices 
in  his  native  State;  from  1817  to 
1819  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  ;  and  died  in  New  Haven, 
June  14,  1844. 

TEST,  JOHN. 

Tie  was  a  native  of  Xew  Jersey, 
and  emigrated  to  Indiana ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1823  to  1827,  and 
from  1S21)  to  1831.  He  was  Pre 
siding  Judge  of  one  of  the  Circuit 
Courts  of  Indiana;  and  afterwards 
removed  to  Mobile,  Alabama,  where 
he  gained  a  high  reputation  for  his 
learning  and  talents  as  a  lawyer. 
He  died  near  Cambridge  City,  In 
diana,  October  9,  1849. 

Til  AC  HER,   GEORGE. 

Born  in  Yarmouth,  Massachu 
setts,  April  12,  1754;  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  177G;  studied  ' 
law,  and  established  himself  to  prac-  j 
tice  in  Biddeford,  Maine;  he  was  a  ! 
Delegate  to  the  old  Congress,  and  \ 
on  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution, 
served  as  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from  1789 
to  1801 ;  in  1792  he  was  elected  a 
District  Judge,  in  Maine,  serving 
until  1800,  when  he  was  chosen  a 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  in 
Massachusetts ;  and  he  held  the  lat 
ter  office  until  January,  1824,  when 
he  resigned,  and  died  on  the  sixth 
of  April  following.  He  was  also 
a  member  of  the  Convention  which 
formed  the  Constitution  of  Maine, 
in  1819.  lie  was  a  man  of  superior 
abilities,  and  performed  all  his  duties 


to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  pub 
lic.  He  was  famous  for  his  wit,  and 
when  a  bill  was  reported  in  Congress 
respecting  the  use  of  the  eagle  on 
American  coin,  he  playfully  recom 
mended  a  goose,  for  which  he  was 
challenged  by  the  reporter  of  the 
bill,  and  the  challenge  he  ridiculed. 

TIIACHER,  SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1793 ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1802  to  1805. 

TIIAYER,   ELI. 

Born  in  Men  don,  Worcester 
County,  Massachusetts,  June  11, 
1819;  graduated  at  Brown  Univer 
sity  ;  is  a  farmer  by  occupation  ; 
and  served  as  alderman  of  the  City 
of  Worcester  in  1853;  he  was  a 
Representative  in  the  Massachu- 
chusetts  Legislature  during  the 
years  1853  and  1854,  and  elected  a 
Representative  to  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  from  that  State,  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Militia.  He  has  been  re-elected  to 
the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

TIIIBODEAUX,  B.  G. 

He  was  born  in  Louisiana,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1847, 
and  for  a  second  term  ending  in 
1849. 

THOMAS,  DAVID. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1801 
to  1808;  served  four  years  in  the 


470 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Assembly  of  that  State ;  and  also 
held  the  position  of  State  Trea 
surer. 

THOMAS,  FRANCIS. 

He  was  born  in  Frederick  Coun 
ty,  Maryland,  February  3,  1*799; 
educated  at  St.  John  College,  in 
that  State ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1820;  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Delegates 
in  1822,  1827,  and  1829;  and  he 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  from  1831  to  1841. 
When  in  Congress  he  was  Chair 
man  of  the  Judiciary  Committee, 
and  a  report  made  by  him  led  to 
the  settlement  of  the  boundary  diffi 
culties  between  Ohio  and  Michigan. 
After  leaving  Congress,  he  was  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  Governor 
of  Maryland. 

THOMAS,  ISAAC. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1815  to 
1817. 

THOMAS,  JAMES  H. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1847  to 
1851. 

THOMAS,  JESSE  B. 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
from  the  Territory  of  Indiana,  from 
1808  to  1809,  and  was  then  ap 
pointed  United  States  Judge  of  Illi 
nois  Territory. 

THOMAS,  JESSE  B. 

He  was  one  of  the  first  Senators 
in  Congress,  from  Illinois,  having 


held  the  position  from  18 18  to  1829, 
and  serving  on  important  Commit 
tees.  He  died  in  February,  1850. 

THOMAS,  JOH&  C. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1799  to 
1801. 

THOMAS,  PHILEMON. 

A  native  of  North  Carolina, 
where,  during  the  revolutionary 
war,  he  was  engaged  in  many 
skirmishes  with  the  British.  He 
resided  some  years  in  Kentucky, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Legisla 
ture  of  that  State ;  he  afterwards 
removed  to  Louisiana,  and,  in  1810 
and  1811,  headed  the  insurrection 
at  Baton  Rouge,  which  threw  off 
the  yoke  of  Spain  from  West  Flo 
rida.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Louisiana,  from 
1831  to  1835,  and  died  at  Baton 
Rouge,  Louisiana,  November  18, 
1847,  aged  eighty-three  years. 

THOMAS,  PHILIP  FRANCIS. 

He  was  born  in  Talbot  County, 
Maryland,  September  12, 1810  ;  was 
educated  at  Dickinson  College ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1831  ;  in  1836  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention;  in  1838  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1839  to  1841 ;  was,  subsequently, 
Judge  of  the  Land-office  Court  of 
the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland ;  in 
1843  and  1845  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  Delegates ;  and  in  1847 
was  elected  Governor  of  Maryland. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


471 


THOMAS,  RICHARD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1795 
to  1805. 

THOMASSON,  WILLIAM  P. 

Born  in  Henry  County,  Ken 
tucky  ;  commenced  the  study  of  law 
at  an  early  age  ;  and  when  eighteen, 
was  licensed  to  practice  at  Corydon,  i 
Indiana,  from  which  place  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature.  He  re 
moved  to  Louisville  about  the  year 
1841,  and  was  chosen  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Kentucky, 
from  1843  to  184 7.  He  afterwards 
went  to  Chicago,  where  he  is  now 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession. 

THOMPSON,   ALEXANDER. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1824 
to  1826;  died. at  his  residence,  in 
Chambersburg,  Pennsylvania,  Au 
gust  2, 1848,  aged  sixty-three  years. 

THOMPSON,  BENJAMIN. 

Born  in  Massachusetts,  in  1798. 
He  held  many  responsible  offices  in 
the  town  of  Charlestown,  and  was 
several  times  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature.  He  was  twice 
elected  to  Congress  as  a  member 
from  the  Fourth  District  of  Massa 
chusetts,  serving  from  1845  to  1847 ; 
and  again  from  March  1851,  till  his 
death.  He  united  mental  cultiva 
tion  and  sound  judgment  with  great 
business  talent.  His  services  upon 
the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs, 
during  the  Mexican  war,  were  espe 


cially  valuable.  He  died  in  Charles- 
town,  September  24,  1852. 

THOMPSON,  GEORGE  W. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and,  re 
moving  to  Virginia,  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1851  to  1852. 

THOMPSON,  HEDGE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Xew  Jersey,  during  the 
years  1827  and  1828. 

THOMPSON,  JACOB. 

He  was  born  in  Caswell  County, 
North  Carolina,  May  15,  1810,  and 
received  his  education  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Chapel  Hill.  He  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1834,  and  during  the  following  year 
removed  to  the  State  of  Mississippi. 
Locating  himself  in  what  was  known 
as  the  Chickasaw  Country,  he  ap 
plied  himself  to  the  task  of  making 
the  wilderness  blossom  like  the  rose, 
and  through  his  influence  the  In 
dian  lands  were  divided  into  coun 
ties,  and  became  politically  identi 
fied  with  the  State.  The  conse 
quence  was  that  a  grateful  constitu 
ency  called  upon  him  to  represent 
them  in  Congress,  and,  having  been 
elected  in  1839,  he  continued  to 
serve  in  that  capacity,  with  ability 
and  fidelity,  until  1851.  On  first 
taking  his  seat  in  Congress,  he  was 
placed  on  the  Committee  on  Public 
Lands,  and  was  for  some  years 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  In 
dian  Affairs.  He  was  one  of  the 
most  devoted  defenders  of  Missis- 


472 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


sippi,  and  of  the  Democratic  party, 
at  the  time  when  the  cry  of  repu 
diation  was  ringing  throughout  the 
land;  and  as  he  had,  in  1845,  de 
clined  going  into  the  United  States 
Senate,  by  appointment  of  the  Go 
vernor  of  Mississippi,  so  did  he,  in 
1851,  decline  a  re-election  to  the 
House  of  Representatives,  prefer 
ring  to  lead  the  more  peaceful  life 
of  a  man  of  fortune,  in  the  midst  of 
troops  of  friends.  But  this  retire 
ment  did  not  happen  to  coincide 
with  the  views  of  President  Bu 
chanan  when  he  came  into  power, 
and  as  he  was  familiar  with  Mr. 
Thompson's  career  in  Congress  and 
the  National  Nominating  Conven 
tions,  the  natural  result  was  his  ap 
pointment  as  Secretary  of  the  Inte 
rior  Department. 

THOMPSON,  J.  B. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843, 
and  again  from  1847  to  1851 ;  and 
in  1853  he  was  elected  a  Senator  in 
Congress  for  a  long  term.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Private  Laud  Claims  and  of  that 
on  Pensions. 

THOMPSON,  JAMES. 

Born  in  Middlesex,Butler  County, 
Pennsylvania,  October  1,  1806.  He 
received  a  good  education,  and  com 
menced  life  as  a  printer ;  he  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1828  ;  he  was  elected  to  the  As 
sembly  of  his  native  State,  in  1832, 
1833,  and  1834,  presiding  during 


the  last  session  as  Speaker;  in  1836 
he  was  a  Presidential  Elector ;  he 
was  Presiding  Judge  of  the  Dis 
trict  Court  for  six  years,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1845 
I  to  1851.    Of  late  years  he  has  been 
I  chiefly  devoted  to  the  practice  of 
|  his   profession,    and   in    1847    was 
j  elected   a   Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Pennsylvania,  for  fifteen 
years. 

THOMPSON,  JOEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1813 
to  1815,  having  previously  served 
one  year  in  the  State  Assembly, 
from  Albany,  and  two  years  from 
Chenango  County. 

THOMPSON,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly,  from  Albany,  in 
!  1788  and  1789,  in  1827  from  Dela 
ware  County,  in  1802  and  1841 
from  Dutchess  County ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1799  to  1801,  and 
again  from  1807  to  1811. 

THOMPSON,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  1777,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Ohio,  from  1825  to  1827,  and  again 
from  1829  to  1837.  He  died  at 
New  Lisbon,  Ohio,  December  2, 
1852. 

THOMPSON,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Rhinebeck, 
Dutchess  County,  New  York,  July 
4,  1809.  He  was  educated  at  Yale 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


and   Union    Colleges ;    lived  on  a  ' 
farm    until   sixteen   years   of   age,  | 
since  which   time  he  has   devoted 
himself  to   the   law ;    and  against  : 
his  own  wishes   and    consent  was 
elected  a  Representative  in   Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  to  the  Thir 
ty-fifth  Congress;    serving  on  the 
Committee  on  lloads  and  Canals. 

THOMPSON,  MARK, 
lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1795  j 
to  1799. 

THOMPSON,  PHILIP. 
He  was  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1823  to  1825. 

THOMPSON,  PHILIP  R. 
Born   in   1766,  and  died  in  Ka- 
nawha  County,  Virginia,  July  22,   ' 
1837.      He  was  a  Representative  | 
in  Congress,  from  Virginia,  from  '• 
1801  to  1807. 

THOMPSON,  RICHARD  W. 
He    was     born     in     Culpepper 
County,    Virginia,   June  9,  1809;   j 
received  a  good  English  and  clas-  | 
sical   education ;    and   his  love  of  ; 
adventure  led  him  into  the  wilds  of  j 
Kentucky  before  he  became  of  age.   j 
In   1831    he  settled  in  Louisville, 
and  became  a  clerk  in  an  extensive 
mercantile  house;    tiring  of   this, 
he  removed  to  Lawrence  County, 
Indiana,  taught  school  for   a   few 
months,  but  again  turned  his  atten 
tion  to  merchandising,  selling  goods 
and  studying  law  at  the  same  time. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1834, 
and  was  almost  immediately  elected 


to  the  Indiana  Legislature;  was 
re-elected  in  1835;  in  1836  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate,  served 
two  years,  and  was  for  a  time  Pre 
sident  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate,  and 
Acting  Lieutenant-Governor;  he 
was  a  Presidental  Elector  in  1840, 
and  voted  for  General  Harrison, 
whose  election  he  zealously  advo 
cated  with  his  pen  and  on  the 
stump  ;  and  in  1841  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  for 
the  term  ending  in  1843.  In  1844 
he  was  again  chosen  a  Presidential 
Elector ;  was  again  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Indiana, 
from  1847  to  1849,  when  he  de 
clined  a  re-election.  Since  that 
time  he  has  held  no  public  office, 
but  has  been  devoted  to  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  at  Terre 
Haute.  President  Taylor  offered 
him  the  appointment  of  Charge 
d'Affaires  to  Austria,  and  President 
Fillmore,  the  office  of  Recorder  of 
the  General  Land-office,  both  of 
which  honors  he  declined 

THOMPSON,  ROBERT  A. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 
Now  Land  Commissioner  in  Cali 
fornia. 

THOMPSON,  THOMAS  W. 

He  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1786;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1805  to  1807,  and  a  Uni 
ted  States  Senator  from  1814  to 
1817  ;  and  died  in  1821.  He  was  a 


474 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


neighbor,  and   one  of  the  earliest 
friends  of  Daniel  Webster. 

THOMPSON,  WADDY. 

He  was  born  at  Pickensville, 
South  Carolina,  September  8,  1798, 
graduated  at  the  South  Carolina 
College  in  1814,  and  having  studied 
law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1819.  He  has  served  in  the  Legis 
lature  of  his  native  State,  was  at 
one  time  Solicitor  for  the  "Western 
Circuit  of  South  Carolina,  was 
chosen  a  Presidential  Elector,  at 
tained  the  military  title  of  brigadier- 
general,  and  was  appointed,  in 
1842,  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
Mexico,  about  which  he  published 
an  interesting  work.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1835 
to  1841,  serving  in  1840  as  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Military 
Affairs. 

THOMPSON,  WILEY. 

He  was  a  native  of  Georgia,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1821  to  1833. 

THOMPSON,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  having  settled  in  Iowa,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1847 
to  1851. 

THOMPSON,  JOHN  R, 

Born  in  Philadelphia,  September 
5,  1800 ;  entered  Princeton  Col 
lege,  but  left  in  the  junior  year,  and 
devoted  himself  to  mercantile  pur 
suits,  making  a  voyage  to  China  in 


1817,  and  in  1820  established  him 
self  as  a  merchant  in  Canton,  and 
was  appointed  Consul  of  the  Uni 
ted  States  at  that  port  in  1823,  and 
remained  there  until  1825.  Since 
the  year  1830  he  has  been  engaged 
in  the  management  of  several  rail 
ways,  and  of  the  New  Jersey  Canal. 
In  1844  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  New 
Jersey,  and  was  United  States  Se 
nator  from  1853  to  1857,  and  was 
re-elected  for  the  term  ending  in 
1863.  He  was  offered  a  seat  in 
the  cabinet  by  President  Buchan 
an,  which  he  declined.  He  is  at 
present  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tees  on  Naval  Affairs  and  on  Post- 
offices  and  Post-roads. 

THORINGTON,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  removing  to  Iowa,  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  that  State 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

THROOP,  ENOS  T. 

He  was  born  in  Johnstown, 
Montgomery  County,  New  York, 
August  21,  1784;  while  perform 
ing  the  duties  of  an  attorney's 
clerk,  he  acquired  a  classical  educa 
tion  ;  studied  law,  and  settled  in 
Auburn ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress  during  the  years  1815 
and  1816;  in  1823  was  elected  Cir 
cuit  Judge;  in  1829  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  New  York ;  and  in 
1831  was  Governor  of  that  State. 
In  1838  he  was  appointed  Charge 
d'Affaires  to  the  two  Sicilies. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


475 


THRUSTON,  BUCKNER. 

Born  in  Virginia,  about  the  year 
1703.  He  emigrated  in  early  life 
to  Kentucky,  and  being  possessed 
of  superior  talents,  he  was  soon 
called  into  the  public  service.  He 
was  appointed  Federal  Judge  in  the 
Territory  of  Orleans,  in  1805,  and 
was  the  same  year  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  United  States  Senate,  j 
for  six  years,  but  he  resigned  in 
1809,on  being  appointed,  by  Presi-  i 
dent  Madison,  Judge  of  the  United  i 
States  Circuit  Court  of  the  District 
of  Columbia,  which  office  he  held 
until  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
Washington,  August  30,  1845. 

THUKMAN,  ALLEN   (!. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and 
having  taken  up  his  residence  in 
Ohio,  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1845  to  1847. 

THURMAN,  JOHN  R. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1849 
to  1851,  and  died  in  New  York, 
July  25,  1854. 

THURSTON,  BENJAMIN  B. 

He  was  born  in  Hopkinton,  Rhode 
Island,  June  29,  1804  ;  he  received 
a  common  school  education  ;  was 
bred  a  merchant ;  was  elected  four-  ' 
teen  years  in  succession  to  the  A  <- 
sembly  of  his  native  State  ;  and  in 
1838  was  Lieutenant  -Governor; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Rhode  Island,  from 
1847  to  1849,  and  again  from  1851 


to  1857.  He  is  at  the  present 
time  a  member  of  the  Senate  of 
Rhode  Island. 

THURSTON,  JOHN  B. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  in  1757 ; 
studied  law,  and  emigrated  to  Ken 
tucky,  whence  he  was  sent  to  the 
United  States  Senate,  in  1805,  for 
a  long  term.  He  was  subsequently 
elected  a  Judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court  of  Kentucky,  in  which  posi 
tion  he  continued  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  Washington, 
August  30,  1845. 

THURSTON,  THOMAS  R. 

He  was  born  in  Maine ;  gra 
duated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1843, 
and  was  a  Delegate  in  Congress, 
from  the  Territory  of  Oregon,  from 
1849  to  1851.  He  died  on  board 
the  steamer  California,  on  her  pas 
sage  from  Panama  to  San  Fran 
cisco,  April  9,  1851. 

TIBBATTS,  JOHN  W. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1847. 

TIBBETS,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1803 
to  1805,  and  a  member  of  the  State 
Assembly,  from  Rensselaer  County, 
in  1802  and  1820,  and  of  the  State 
Senate,  from  1815  to  1818. 

TICHENOR,  ISAAC. 

He  was  born  in  1754  ;  graduated 
at  Princeton  College  in  1775;  and 


476 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


died  at  Bennington,  Vermont,  in 
December,  1838.  He  was  an  officer 
of  the  Revolution  ;  a  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Vermont ;  a  Re 
presentative  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture  ;  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
during  the  sessions  of  1796  and 
1797  ;  Governor  of  Vermont  from 
1797  to  1808,  and  again  in  the 
United  States  Senate,  from  1815 
to  1821. 

TIFFIN,  EDWARD. 

lie  was  born  in  1765;  was  Go 
vernor  of  Ohio  from  1803  to  1807  ; 
and  a  Senator  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1807  to  1809.  He 
died  in  July,  1829. 

TILDEN,  DANIEL  R. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
having  settled  in  Ohio,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1843  to  1847. 

TILLINGIIAST,  JOSEPH  L. 

Born  in  Taunton,  Massachusetts, 
in  1791,  and  removed  to  Rhode 
Island  in  his  boyhood.  He  gra 
duated  at  Brown  University  in  1819, 
and  in  1833  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  that  in 
stitution.  He  studied  law,  and  de 
voted  himself  to  its  practice  in  Pro 
vidence,  with  marked  success,  for 
thirty  years ;  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Rhode  Isl 
and,  from  1837  to  1843.  He  was 
also  for  many  years  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature,  and  was 
elected  Speaker  on  several  occa 


sions  ;  and  to  him  was  awarded  the 
authorship  of  the  free  schools  and 
improved  judiciary  systems  of  his 
native  State. 

TILLINGIIAST,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Rhode  Island,  from  1797 
to  1799,  and  again  from  1801  to 
1803. 

TIPTON,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Indiana,  from  1832  to  1839; 
and  died  at  Logansport,  of  apo 
plexy,  in  1839. 

TITUS,  OBADIAII. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1837 
to  1839. 

TOD,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1821  to  1824. 

TODD,  LEMUEL. 

Born  in  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania, 
July  29,  1817  ;  educated  at  Dickin 
son  College  ;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1841,  and 
practiced  in  his  native  town.  In 
1854  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

TOLAND,  GEORGE  W. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837 
to  1843. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


477 


TOMLINSON,  GIDEON. 

He  was  born  at  Stratford,  Con 
necticut,  December  31,  1780,  and 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1802. 
He  studied  law  and  practiced  the 
profession  in  Fail-field.  He  was 
then  called  to  public  life,  and  in 
1818  was  chosen  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  in  which  office  he  was 
continued  till  1827.  That  year  he 
was  chosen  Governor  of  Connecti- 
cnt,  and  remained  in  that  station 
until  March,  1831,  when,  on  being 
appointed  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  he  resigned  his  office  as  Go 
vernor.  After  six  years  service  he 
returned  to  private  life.  Died  Oc 
tober  8, 1854,  at  Fairfield,  Connec 
ticut. 

TOMLINSON,  THOMAS  A. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ; 
served  in  the  State  Assembly,  from 
Essex  County,  in  1835  and  183G, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1841  to  1843. 

TOMPKINS,  CALEB. 

He  was  born  in  Westchester 
County,  New  York,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  New  York  Assem 
bly,  from  that  County,  from  1804  to 
1806  ;  and  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1817  to  1821. 

TOMPKINS,  C.  B. 

Born  in  Belmont  County,  Ohio, 
November  8,  1810,  and  was  edu 
cated  at  the  Ohio  University,  at 
Athens  ;  was  bred  a  farmer,  and 
afterwards  studied  law,  having  prac 


ticed  for  twenty-two  years;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Ohio  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
serving  as  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  the  Militia. 

TOMPKINS,  CHRISTOPHER. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1831  to 
1835,  and  died  at  Glasgow,  Ken 
tucky,  in  1845. 

TOMPKINS,  DANIEL  D. 

He  was  born  in  Westchester 
County,  New  York,  June  21, 1774. 
His  father  was  a  farmer,  and  he 
was  his  seventh  son.  lie  graduated 
at  Columbia  College  in  1705,  then 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  City  of  New  York, 
in  1797.  In  1831  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  the  State,  and  also  served 
in  the  State  Legislature.  He  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1805  to  1807,  but  re 
signed,  to  accept  an  appointment  as 
Associate  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State.  In  1807  he 
was  elected  Governor  of  the  State, 
and  held  that  office  ten  years.  His 
aid  in  support  of  the  National  Go 
vernment,  during  the  war  of  1812, 
gave  him  prominence  as  a  states 
man.  He  prorogued  the  State 
Legislature,  in  1812,  for  the  space 
of  ten  months,  to  prevent  the  es 
tablishment  of  the  Bank  of  Ame 
rica,  in  the  City  of  New  York; 
his  opposition  postponed,  but  did 
not  defeat  the  measure,  and  a  char 
ter  was  granted  in  1813.  In  1817 


478 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


he  resigned  the  office  of  Governor, 
and  was  elected  Yice-President  of 
the  United  States,  and  served  two 
terms ;  by  virtue  of  which  office  he 
was  also  President  of  the  Senate. 
He  died  in  New  York,  June  11, 
1825. 

TOMPKINS,  PATRICK  W. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
settling  in  Mississippi,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

TOOMBS,  ROBERT. 

He  was  born  in  Wilkes  County, 
Georgia,  July  2,  1810.  The  first 
three  years  of  his  collegiate  life 
were  spent  at  the  University  of 
Georgia,  but  he  left  it  during  the 
senior  year,  and  went  to  Schenecta- 
dy,  New  York,  and  graduated  at 
Union  College.  He  read  law  at 
the  University  of  Virginia,  under 
Judge  Lomas,  and  practiced  it  regu 
larly  until  his  election  to  Congress, 
in  1845.  His  first  public  service 
was  as  captain  of  volunteers,  in  the 
Creek  war  in  1836,  under  General 
Winfield  Scott.  In  1837  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature,  from  his 
native  county,  where  he  now  re 
sides,  and  with  the  exception  of 
1841,  continued  a  member  of  the 
lower  branch,  until  his  election  to 
the  Federal  House  of  Representa 
tives,  where  he  served  during  the 
Twenty-ninth,  Thirtieth,  Thirty- 
first  and  Thirty-second  Congresses. 
He  entered  the  Senate  during  the 
Thirty-third  Congress,  for  six  years, 
and  was  re-elected  for  a  second 


term,  ending  March  4,  18G5.  In 
the  House,  and  also  in  the  Senate, 
he  has  always  served  on  important 
committees. 

TOUCEY,  ISAAC. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  in 
1198.  He  received  a  common 
school  education  ;  adopted  the  pro 
fession  of  law,  and  early  in  life  was 
States  Attorney  for  his  native 
county.  He  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  1835  to  1839;  in 
1846  was  elected  Governor  of  Con 
necticut;  in  1848  went  into  Presi 
dent  Folk's  cabinet  as  Attorney- 
General  ;  in  1850  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  of  Connecticut; 
he  was  a  Senator  in  Congress  from 
1852  to  1857  ;  and  in  March  of  the 
latter  year  went  into  President  Bu 
chanan's  cabinet  as  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  which  position  he  continues 
to  occupy  at  the  present  time*. 

TOAVNS,  GEORGE  W.  B. 

Born  in  Wilkes  County,  Georgia, 
May  4,  1802.  He  was  prevented, 
by  ill  health,  from  receiving  a  colle 
giate  education,  and  commenced  life 
as  a  merchant,  afterwards  studied 
law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Ala 
bama  in  1824,  and  for  a  time  per 
formed  the  duties  of  editor  of  a  po 
litical  paper.  In  1826  he  returned 
to  Georgia,  and  settled  in  Talbot 
County.  He  served  for  several 
years  in  both  branches  of  the  Le 
gislature  of  that  State,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from 
1835  to  1839,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1846;  his  last  public  position  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


479 


that  of  Governor  of  Georgia,  to 
which  office  he  was  elected  in  1847, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1849.  He  died 
at  Macon,  July  15,  1854. 

TOWXSEXD,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1815 
to  1819. 

TOWXSEXD,  X.  S. 

He  was  born  in  England,  and 
having  settled  in  Ohio,  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

TRACY,  ALBERT  II. 

He  was  born  in  Norwich,  Con 
necticut,  June  17,  1793;  received  a 
good  classical  education ;  studied 
medicine  with  his  father,  but  when 
eighteen  years  of  age  he  removed  to 
New  York  State,  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1815; 
and  he  served  three  terms  in  Con 
gress  as  a  Representative  from  a 
district  comprehending  almost  the 
whole  of  that  part  of  New  York 
west  of  Seneca  Lake,  from  1819  to 
1825  ;  and  in  1829  he  was  elected 
to  the  Senate  of  New  York  for  four 
years,  and  was  re-elected  for  a  se 
cond  term  of  four  years. 

TRACY,  ANDREW. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

TRACY,  PHIXEAS  L. 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1806;  and  was  a  Representative  in 


Congress,  from  Genesee  County, 
New  York,  from  1827  to  1833,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Expenditures  on  Public  Buildings. 

TRACY,  URL 

He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1789;  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1805 
to  1807,  and  ngain  from  1809  to 
1813,  and  died  in  1813. 

TRACY,  URIAH. 

Born  in  Franklin,  Connecticut, 
February  2,  1755;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1778;  read  law  in 
Litchfield,  and  settled  in  that  town. 
He  was  often  chosen  a  State  Re 
presentative,  and  in  1793  was 
Speaker  of  the  House.  He  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress  from 
1793  to  1796,  and  from  1796  to 
1797  a  Senator  of  the  United  States. 
He  was  also  a  major-general  of  mi 
litia,  commanded  the  respect  and 
enjoyed  the  friendship  of  the  leading 
men  of  his  time  ;  and  died  at  Wash 
ington  City,  July  19, 1807,  and  was 
the  first  person  buried  in  the  Con 
gressional  Burying-ground. 

TRAFTON,  MARK. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  elect 
ed  a  Representative,  from  Massa 
chusetts,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

TREADWAY,  WILLIAM   M. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1845  to  1847. 


480 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


TREDWELL,   THOMAS. 

He  was  for  seven  years  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Assembly,  from 
1776  to  178 3,  from  Suffolk  County, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1791 
to  1795. 

TREZVANT,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Sussex  County, 
Virginia ;  was  a  lawyer  by  profes 
sion  ;  was  Attorney  for  the  State ; 
member  of  the  State  Legislature, 
and  of  the  Constitutional  Conven 
tion  of  1830;  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Virginia,  from  1825 
to  1831,  serving  during  his  last 
term  as  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Military  Pensions.  He  died  in 
1838. 

TRIGG,  ABEAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1797  to 
1809. 

TRIGG,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1797 
to  1804. 

TRIMBLE,  DAVID. 

He  was  born  in  Frederick  County, 
Virginia,  about  the  year  1782;  edu 
cated  at  William  and  Mary  Col 
lege  ;  studied  law,  and,  when  he 
came  of  age,  removed  to  Kentucky. 
He  was  engaged  in  the  war  of  1812, 
serving  two  campaigns  under  Gene 
ral  Harrison.  In  1817  he  was 
chosen  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  and  served  without  in 


terruption  till  1827,  being  highly 
esteemed  for  the  integrity  of  his 
principles  and  his  devotion  to  his 
public  duties.  After  his  retirement 
from  Congress,  he  became  engaged 
in  agriculture  and  the  iron  manu 
facture,  and  in  the  latter  interest  he 
did  much  to  develop  the  resources 
of  the  State.  He  died  at  Trimble's 
Furnace,  Kentucky,  October  26, 
1842. 

TRIMBLE,  WILLIAM  A. 

He  was  born  in  1786 ;  he  served 
with  credit  in  the  army  of  the 
United  States  during  the  war  of 
1812 ;  occupied,  as  commander, 
several  frontier  posts ;  was  a  Sena 
tor  in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from 
1819  to  1821,  having  died  Decem 
ber  13,xof  the  latter  year. 

TRIPLETT,  PHILIP. 

He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Kentucky,  from  1839  to  1843. 

TRIPPE,  ROBERT  P. 

He  was  born  in  Georgia,  and  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  to  the  Thirty- 
fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses. 

TROTTER,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Mississippi,  during  the  years 
1828  and  1829. 

TROUP,  GEORGE  M. 

Born  on  the  Tombigbee  River, 
September,  1780;  graduated  at 
Princeton  College ;  studied  law ; 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


481 


and  in  1800  was  elected  to  the  Le 
gislature  of  Georgia,  and  re-elected 
for  four  terms  ;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Georgia,  from 
1807  to  1815,  and  a  Senator  from 
1816  to  1818,  and  from  1829  to 
1834.  From  1823  to  1827  he  was 
Governor  of  that  State.  lie  died 
in  Laurens  County,  Georgia,  May 
3,  1856.  He  was  an  advocate  of 
State  rights,  and  the  champion  of 
State  sovereignty. 

TROUT,  MICHAEL  C. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative,  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853  to 
1855. 

TRUMBO,  ANDREW. 

A  native  of  Kentucky ;  was  born 
in  Montgomery  County,  now  Bath, 
September  13,  1799;  he  had  a 
limited  English  education,  and  at 
the  age  of  fifteen  went  into  the 
County  Clerk's  office,  and  afterwards 
became  clerk ;  studied  law,  and  com 
menced  to  practice  in  1824.  lie 
was  a  Representative  in  the  Twenty- 
ninth  Congress,  and  one  of  the  Pre 
sidential  Electors  of  Kentucky,  in 
1848. 

TRUMBULL,  JONATHAN. 

Born  in  Lebanon,  Connecticut, 
March  26,  1740,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1759.  In  1775 
he  was  appointed,  by  Congress, 
Paymaster  in  the  Northern  depart 
ment  of  the  army,  and  not  long 
after  was  attached  to  the  family  of 
31 


Washington  as  secretary  and  first 
aid,  with  whom  he  continued  until 
the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  for 
several  years  a  Representative  in  the 
State  Legislature  of  Connecticut, 
and  Speaker  of  the  House ;  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1789  to  1795; 
elected  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  in  1791,  and  con 
tinued  in  that  station  till  he  was 
transferred  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  in  1795,  where  lie  served 
only  one  year,  having  been  elected 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Connecti 
cut,  and  in  1798  Governor,  in  which 
position  he  remained  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  August  7,  1809. 

TRUMBULL,  JOSEPH. 

Born  in  Lebanon,  Connecticut,  in 
1783;  graduated  at  Yale  College 
in  1801;  studied  law,  and  practiced 
it  with  success,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Con 
necticut,  from  1839  to  1843. 

TRUMBULL,  LYMAN. 

Born  in  Colchester,  Connecticut, 
in  1813;  is  a  lawyer  by  profession  ; 
was  a  member  of  the  Illinois  Le 
gislature  in  1840,  Secretary  of  State 
in  1841-42 ;  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Illinois,  from  1848  to  1853; 
elected  to  the  House  of  Represen 
tatives  of  the  United  States,  in 
1854,  and  chosen  United  States 
Senator,  by  the  Illinois  Legisla 
ture,  in  1855,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  the  Judiciary 
and  on  the  Patent-office. 


482 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


TUCK,  AMOS. 

He  was  born  in  Maine;  gra 
duated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1835  ;  was  for  some  time  a  tutor  in 
that  institution ;  and  removing  to 
New  Hampshire,  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1847  to  1853. 

TUCKER,  EBENEZER. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  in 
1758,  but  when  a  young  man  re 
moved  to  New  Jersey;  he  was  a 
soldier  in  the  revolutionary  war, 
and  served  at  the  battle  of  Long 
Island ;  he  filled  many  offices  of 
distinction  and  trust,  among  them 
those  of  Collector  and  Postmaster 
in  New  Jersey,  and  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  from  New  Jersey, 
from  1825  to  1829.  He  also  held 
the  offices  of  Judge  of  the  Com 
mon  Pleas,  Justice  of 'the  Court  of 
Quarter  Sessions,  and  Judge  of  the 
Orphans'  Court.  He  died  at  Tuck- 
erton,  New  Jersey,  September  5, 
1845. 

TUCKER,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1819  to  1825. 

TUCKER,  HENRY  ST.  GEORGE. 

Born  in  Virginia  in  1779  ;  re 
ceived  a  liberal  education,  and  be 
came  a  prominent  lawyer.  He  was 
at  one  time  President  of  the  Court 
of  Appeals  ;  also  Professor  of  Law 
in  the  University  of  Virginia;  the 
author  of  several  valuable  works  on 
law  ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 


gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1815  to 
1819.  He  died  at '  Winchester, 
Virginia,  August  28,  1848. 

TUCKER,  STARLING. 

He  was  born  in  Halifax  County, 
North  Carolina,  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  the 
Laurens  District  of  South  Caro 
lina,  from  1817  to  1831.  He  died 
February  4,  1834. 

TUCKER,  THOMAS  T. 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Con 
tinental  Congress,  from  1787  to 
1788;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  South  Carolina, 
from  1789  to  1793. 

TUCKER,  TILGHMAN  W. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Mississippi,  from  1843 
to  1845. 

TURNER,  CHARLES. 

Graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1752,  studied  for  the  ministry, 
and  settled  in  Duxbury,  Massachu 
setts  ;  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Massachusetts, 
serving  from  1809  to  1813,  and 
died  in  1816,  aged  about  sixty-six 
years. 

TURNER,  DANIEL. 

Born  in  Warren  County,  North 
Carolina,  September  26,  1796.  He 
commenced  his  education  at  War- 
renton  Academy;  completed  it  at 
West  Point;  in  1814  was  appoint 
ed  lieutenant  of  artillery,  as  such, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


488 


served  at  Brooklyn  Heights,  and 
at  Plattsburg,  and  resigned  in  1815;  i 
after  leaving  the  army,  he  spent 
two  years  at  William  and  Mary 
College;  from  1S19  to  1823  he 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  North 
Carolina;  and  was  a  member  of 
Congress,  from  1827  to  1829.  He 
subsequently  had  charge  of  the 
Warrenton  Female  Seminary. 

TURNER,  JAMES. 

Born  in  Virginia,  in  the  year 
1766.  His  education  was  such  as 
could  be  afforded  by  the  common 
schools  of  the  country ;  he  served 
in  the  Revolution  as  a  private  sol 
dier  ;  entered  public  life  in  1800,  as 
a  member  of  the  Legislature  of 
North  Carolina;  in  1802  was  elect 
ed  Governor  of  the  State;  and  was 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1805 
to  1816.  He  died  at  Bloomsbury, 
January  15,  1824,  much  respected 
for  his  talents  and  personal  worth. 

TURNER,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1837. 

TURNER,  THOMAS  J. 

Born  in  Trumbull  County,  Ohio, 
April  5,  1815,  where  he  resided 
until  ten  years  of  age,  receiving  all 
his  school  education  within  that 
time.  In  1825  he  removed  with  his 
father's  family  to  Butler  County, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  worked  on 
a  farm  until  fourteen  years  old, 
when  the  destitute  circumstances  of 
his  father  compelled  him  to  make  ' 


unusual  exertions  to  assist  in  the 
support  of  the  family,  which  lie  did 
by  working  as  a  laborer  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Canal,  and  contribut 
ed  his  earnings  to  his  father  until 
the  age  of  eighteen.  Leaving  his 
father  comfortable,  he  went  to  the 
"far  West,"  and  spent  three  years 
in  St.  Paul's  County,  Indiana,  and 
finally  settled  in  Freeport,  Steven 
son  County,  Illinois.  He  was  made 
justice  of  the  peace,  which  office  he 
held  for  several  years;  in  1838  he 
studied  law  as  a  profession,  and 
obtained  a  lucrative  practice.  In 
1842  he  was  elected  Probate  Jus 
tice  of  the  Peace,  and  in  1844  was 
appointed  Postmaster.  In  1845 
he  was  chosen  States  Attorney  for 
the  Sixth  Judicial  District,  and  in 
1840  he  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  the  Thirtieth  Congress. 
In  1854  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Lower  House  of  the  Legislature, 
and  chosen  Speaker.  Since  that 
time  he  has  devoted  himself  to  the 
practice  of  law. 

TURNEY,  HOPKINS  L. 

Born  in  Smith  County,  Tennessee, 
October  3,  1797.  He  was  in  his 
boyhood  bound  to  a  tailor,  and 
served  at  that  business  several 
years;  in  1818  he  entered  upon 
the  campaign  against  the  Seminole 
Indians  ;  he  did  not  learn  to  write 
until  twenty-two  years  of  age,  and 
yet  soon  after  studied  law,  and  was 
very  successful  at  the  bar ;  he 
served  about  ten  years  in  the  Le 
gislature,  from  1828  to  1838,  and 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 


484 


BlOGKAPHICAL     SKETCHES. 


gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1837 
to  1843,  and  in  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States,  from  1845  to  1851. 
He  died  in  Winchester,  Tennessee, 
August  1,  1851,  leaving  behind  him 
a  high  reputation  for  his  abilities 
and  virtues. 

TURRELL,  JOEL. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1833  to  1837, 
having  been  a  member  of  the  State 
Assembly,  from  Oswego  County, 
in  1831. 

TWEED,  WILLIAM  M. 

Born  in  the  City  of  New  York, 
April  3,  1823  ;  received  a  common 
school  education ;  is  by  occupation 
a  chair  manufacturer ;  was  a  city 
alderman  in  New  York  in  1852  ; 
a  member  of  the  Thirty-third  Con 
gress;  a  member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Eduction  in  1857  ;  and 
a  Supervisor  of  New  York  County 
in  1858. 

TWEEDY,   SAMUEL. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1835. 

TYLER,  ASIIER. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1845. 

TYLER,  JOHN. 

Born  in  Charles  City  County, 
Virginia,  in  1790.  He  commenced 
his  political  life  at  an  early  age, 


having  been  elected  to  the  Virginia 
Legislature  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  years,  and  five  years  later  to 
Congress.  In  1826  he  was  elevated 
to  the  station  of  Governor  of  his 
native  State.  He  discharged  the 
duties  of  his  office  but  one  year  and 
a  half,  when  the  Legislature  select 
ed  him  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  Se 
nate  of  the  United  States.  He 
served  in  this  capacity  until  a  dif 
ference  of  opinion  having  arisen 
between  General  Jackson  and  him 
self,  he  resigned  his  seat,  and  went 
into  voluntary  retirement.  Mr. 
Tyler  did  not  again  make  his  ap 
pearance  in  public  life  until  1840, 
when  he  was  selected  by  the  Whig 
party  as  their  candidate  for  Vice- 
President.  He  was  elected  to  that 
office  by  a  large  majority,  and  en 
tered  upon  the  discharge  of  his  du 
ties  in  March,  1841,  when  the 
death  of  the  President,  General 
Harrison,  shortly  after,  raised  him 
to  the  chief  magistracy  of  the  Re 
public.  His  term  of  office  expired 
in  1845,  since  which  time  he  has 
been  living  in  retirement  in  Vir 
ginia. 

TYSON,  JACOB. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Senate,  from  Richmond  Coun 
ty,  in  1828,  and  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1823  to  1825. 

TYSON,  JOB  R. 

He  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Pennsylvania,  in  1804,  and 
died  near  Philadelphia,  in  1858. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


-is:, 


lie  was  educated  a  lawyer,  fre 
quently  served  in  the  City  Councils 
of  Philadelphia,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Twenty-fourth  Congress. 
He  commanded  uncommon  influ 
ence  in  Congress,  and  was  a  man  of 
refined  tastes  in  literature  and  the 
fine  arts.  He  also  served  in  the 
Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
through  his  exertions  the  archives 
of  that  State  were  first  published. 

UDREE,  DANIEL. 

He  was  bora  in  Philadelphia, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1813  to  1815,  from  1819  to  1821, 
and  from  1823  to  1825. 

UNDERHILL,  WALTER. 

He  was  born  in  Xew  York,  and 
was  a  Representative,  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 

UNDERWOOD,  JOSEPH  R. 

Born  in  Goochland  County,  Vir 
ginia,  October  24,  1791.  He  was 
adopted  by  his  maternal  uncle  in 
1803,  who  resided  in  Barren  County, 
Kentucky.  He  received  his  educa 
tion  at  various  schools  in  that  State, 
and  ended  his  scholastic  course  at 
the  University  of  Lexington,  in 
1811 ;  and  then  read  law  with  Ro 
bert  Wickliffe.  In  1 8 1 3  he  entered 
the  service  of  the  United  States,  as 
lieutenant  of  a  volunteer  company, 
and  was  badly  wounded  and  taken 
by  the  enemy  at  Dudley's  defeat, 
commanding  his  company  after  the 
captain  was  mortally  wounded. 
He  was  released  from  captivity,  and 


landed  from  the  prison-ships  on 
Lake  Erie,  near  Cleveland,  where 
he  was  lodged  in  a  hospitable  cabin 
until  sufficiently  recovered  to  return 
home.  In  the  fall  of  1813  he  lo 
cated  at  Glasgow,  Kentucky,  and 
practiced  law  for  ten  years,  during 
which  time  he  was  Trustee  of  the 
town,  and  County  Attorney  ;  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
from  18KJ  to  1819.  In  1S23  he  re 
moved,  with  his  family,  to  Bowling 
Green,  and  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly  in  1825 
and  1826.  From  1828  to  1835  he 
was  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Ap 
peals,  and  resigned  on  being  elec 
ted  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
in  which  position  he  served  for  ten 
sessions.  In  184G  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Ken 
tucky,  and  was  Speaker  of  the 
House.  In  1847  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  United  States  Se 
nate,  for  six  years,  and  at  the  expi 
ration  of  the  terra  returned  to  the 
practice  of  law.  In  1824  and  in 
1844  he  was  a  Presidential  Elector. 

UNDERWOOD,  WARNER  L. 

Born  in  Goochland  County,  Vir 
ginia,  August  7,  1808;  graduated, 
at  the  University  of  Virginia,  where 
he  received  the  first  honors  in  the 
studies  of  law,  mathematics,  and 
the  modern  languages,  in  1830.  He 
removed  to  Bowling  Green  County, 
Kentucky,  at  the  age  of  seventeen  ; 
is  a  lawyer  by  profession,  with  an 
extensive  practice.  In  1833  he 
visited  Texas,  and  spent  most  of 
the  time,  until  1840,  in  that  Repub- 


486 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


lie.  He  was  appointed,  by  Presi 
dent  Lamar,  Attorney-General  for 
the  Eastern  District  of  that  Republic, 
but  held  the  office  only  a  short  time, 
and  also  declined  the  offer  of  a 
place  in  General  Houston's  cabinet, 
being  unwilling  to  relinquish  his 
citizenship  of  the  United  States.  In 
1848  he  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Kentucky  Legislature,  and  in  1849 
a  member  of  the  State  Senate  ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gresses,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Engraving. 

UPMAN,  CHARLES  W. 
Born  in  St.  John,  New  Bruns 
wick,  May  4, 1802.  He  commenced 
life  by  becoming  a  merchant's  clerk  ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1821 ;  in  1824  he  was  settled  over 
the  first  church  in  Salem,  Massa 
chusetts  ;  and  in  1844  he  relin 
quished  the  ministry  on  account  of 
loss  of  voice.  He  has  also,  at  dif 
ferent  times,  edited  the  Christian 
Review,  (Unitarian  ; )  was  Mayor  of 
Salem;  in  1840  and  1850  was  in 
the  State  Legislature ;  in  1851 
President  of  the  Senate ;  and  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Thirty-third 
Congress,  serving  upon  the  Com 
mittee  on  Post-roads  and  the  Post- 
office,  and  was  Chairman  of  a  Spe 
cial  Committee  on  the  Smithsonian 
Institution.  As  an  author  he  has 
been  industrious,  and  among  his 
publications  are  the  following : 
"  Letters  on  the  Logos,"  "  Lectures 
on  Witchcraft,"  "  Life  of  Sir  Henry 
Vane,"  and  "  Life  of  John  C.  Fre 
mont." 


UPHAM,  GEORGE  B. 

He  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1789  ;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1801  to  1803. 
He  died  in  1848. 

UPHAM,  JABEZ. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts ; 
graduated  at  Harvard  University 
in  1785  ;  and  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1807  to  1810.  He  died  in  1811. 

UPHAM,  NATHANIEL. 

Born  in  Deerfield,  Rockingham 
County,  New  Hampshire,  June  9, 
1774.  He  was  educated  at  the 
schools  of  his  native  town,  and  at 
Phillips's  Exeter  Academy.  At  an 
early  age  he  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  of  New  Hampshire,  and 
of  the  Governor's  Council ;  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1817  to  1823. 

UPHAM,    WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  at  Leicester,  Mas 
sachusetts,  in  1792;  in  1802  re 
moved  with  his  father  to  Vermont ; 
spent  some  time  in  the  University 
of  Vermont ;  and  was  a  lawyer  by 
profession.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Vermont  Assembly  in  1827, 
1828,  and  1830;  and  was  States 
Attorney,  for  Washington  County, 
in  1829.  He  was  a  Senator  in  Con 
gress,  from  1843  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  Washing 
ton  City,  January  14,  1853. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


4ST 


VAIL,  QEOKGE. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  for  the  terms  between 
1853  and  1857. 

VAIL,  HENRY. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1839. 

VALK,  WILLIAM  W. 

lie  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and,  on  removing  to  New  York, 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1855  to  1857. 

VALLANDIOHAM,  CLEMENT  L. 

He  came  of  a  Huguenot  family, 
and  was  born  in  New  Lisbon,  Co-  ! 
lumbia  County,  Ohio,  in  1822.    He  , 
received  a  good  education ;    spent  I 
one   year  in  Jefferson  College,  in 
Ohio  ;  spent  two  years  as  principal 
of  an  academy  at  Snow  Hill,  Mary 
land  ;   returned  to  Ohio  in   1840;  ; 
studied   law,   and  was  admitted  to  j 
the  bar  in  1842  ;  was  elected  to  the  | 
State  Legislature  in  1845  and  1846;  ; 
was  editor  of  the  Dayton  Empire 
from  1847  to  1849;  for  some  years  ' 
subsequent  to  that  date  he  devoted  ; 
himself  wholly  to  his  profession  and  : 
politics  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Na 
tional  Democratic  Convention  held 
at  Cincinnati  in  1856  ;  ran  for  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress  against  Hon. 
L.  C.  Campbell,  whose  seat  he  suc 
cessfully   contested;    and    he    has 
been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress.     At  the  commencement 
of  the  second  session  of  the  Thirty- 


fifth  Congress,  he  was  placed  on  the 
Committee  on  Territories. 

VAN  ALLEN,  JAMES  I. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1807 
to  1809,  having  been  a  member  of 
the  State  Assembly,  in  1804,  from 
Columbia  County. 

VAN  ALLEN,  JOHN  E. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1793  to 
1799,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Assembly  in  1800  and  1801, 
from  Rensselaer  County. 

VAN  1JUREN,  JOHN. 

He  was  one  of  the  ablest  lawyers 
of  the  Ulster  County  bar,  in  New 
York,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1841  to  1843.  He  died 
at  Kingston,  January  16,  1855. 

VAN  BUREN,  MARTIN. 

Was  born  at  Kinderhook,  New 
York,  December  5,  1782.  His 
father's  circumstances  were  hum 
ble,  and  the  son  was  only  able  to 
obtain  an  ordinary  education  at  the 
common  school  and  academy  of  his 
native  village.  In  1796  he  left  the 
academy,  and  commenced  the  study 
of  law.  In  1800  he  represented 
the  Republicans  of  his  native  town 
in  the  Congressional  Convention  for 
that  district.  A  part  of  the  years 
1802  and  1803  he  spent  in  New 
York,  still  engaged  in  the  study  of 
his  profession,  and  in  November  of 
the  latter  year  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar.  lie  still  continued  to  take 


488 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


an  active  part  in  politics.  The  first 
official  distinction  which  he  received 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  Go 
vernor  Tompkins,  who  appointed 
him  Surrogate  of  Columbia  Coun 
ty,  in  1808.  He  took  his  next  step 
in  public  life  in  1812.  In  the  spring 
of  that  year  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate.  He  continued  a  mem 
ber  of  that  body  until  1820,  having 
been,  during  that  period,  a  sup 
porter  of  the  war  and  the  canal  pro 
ject.  A  portion  of  this  time  he 
also  held  the  office  of  Attorney- 
General.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  in  1821,  and 
in  February  of  the  same  year  he 
was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate,  and  re-elected  in  1827. 
The  following  year  the  guberna 
torial  chair  of  the  State  of  New 
York  became  vacant,  by  the  death 
of  Governor  Clinton,  and  Mr.  Yan 
Buren  was  selected  as  the  candi 
date  for  that  office,  by  the  Demo 
cratic  party  of  the  State.  He  was 
elected,  but  his  career  as  Governor 
was  brief.  Scarcely  was  his  ad 
ministration  commenced,  when  Pre 
sident  Jackson  offered  him  the  ap 
pointment  of  Secretary  of  State, 
and  Mr.  Yan  Buren  at  once  ac 
cepted  it.  The  President  appointed 
him  Ambassador  to  England,  but  the 
Senate  refused  to  confirm  the  nomi 
nation.  He  received  a  large  ma 
jority  of  the  electoral  votes  for  Yice- 
President  in  1832,  which  office  he 
continued  to  fill  during  President 
Jackson's  term.  In  1836  he  was 
nominated  for  the  office  of  Presi 


dent,  and  elected.  The  principal 
measure  of  his  administration  was 
the  establishment  of  the  Independ 
ent  Treasury.  In  1840  he  was 
again  nominated  for  the  same  office, 
but  defeated  by  the  Whig  candi 
date,  General  Harrison.  Since  the 
close  of  his  Presidential  term,  in 
1841,  he  has  been  living  in  retire 
ment  at  Kinderhook,  his  place  of 
birth,  on  an  estate  to  which  he  has 
given  the  name  of  Lindenwald.  In 
1848  he  was  the  Presidential  candi 
date  of  the  section  of  the  Demo 
cratic  party  styling  themselves 
"  Barnburners,"  or,  on  that  occa 
sion,  "  Free-Soilers,"  but  was  un 
successful. 

VANCE,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  one  of  the  earliest  resi 
dents  of  the  State  of  Ohio  ;  served 
frequently  in  the  Legislature  of  that 
State ;  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1821  to  1835;  Go 
vernor  of  the  State  in  183G;  and 
again  in  Congress,  from  1843  to 
1841,  serving  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Claims.  In  every 
public  position  he  acquitted  himself 
with  ability,  and  died  near  the  town 
of  Alabama,  Ohio,  August  24, 1851. 

VANCE,  ROBERT  B. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1823  to 
1825. 

VANCE,  Z.  B. 

He  was  born  in  Buncombe  Coun 
ty,  North  Carolina,  May  13,  1830 ; 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


received  a  limited  education,  and 
spent  one  year  at  the  State  Univer 
sity,  through  the  friendship  of  its 
distinguished  President ;  he  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  liar  in 
1853;  in  1S;">4  he  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature,  from  Buncombe 
County  ;  and,  on  the  resignation  of 
Hon.  T.  L.  Clingman,  in  1858,  he 
was  elected  to  succeed  him  in  tin- 
Federal  House  of  Representatives. 

VAN  COKTLAXDT,  PHILIP. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly,  from  Westchester 
County,  in  1788, 1789,  and  1790;  of 
the    State    Senate,    from    1791    to  i 
1794;  and  a  Representative  in  Con-  I 
gross,  from  New  York,  from  1793 
to  1809. 

VAN  CORTLANDT,  PIERRE. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1811 
to  1813,  having  been  a  member  of 
the  State  Assembly  in  1777. 

VANDERPOOL,  AARON. 

He  was  born  at  Kinderhook,  New 
York,  February  5,  1799;  received 
a  classical  education ;  he  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1820;  he  served  in  1825,  1829, 
and  1830,  in  the  State  Legislature  ; 
and  he  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  1833  to  1837,  and 
again  from  1839  to  1841.  On  his 
retirement  from  Congress  he  settled 
in  New  York  City,  and  was  ap 
pointed  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  which  office  he 


held  until  1850.  From  the  cha 
racter  of  his  oratory,  he  was  known 
among  his  constituents  as  the  "Kin 
derhook  Roarer." 

VANDERVEER,  ABRAHAM. 

Hi-  was  born  in  New  York  ;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1839. 

VAN  DYKE,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1847  to  1851. 

VAN  DYKE,  NICHOLAS. 

He  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1788  ;  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1807  to  1811; 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1817 
to  1826  ;  and  died  in  May,  1826. 

VAN  GAASBECK,  PETER. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1793 
to  1795. 

VAN  HORNE,  ARCHIBALD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maryland,  from  1807  to 
1811. 

VAN  HORNE,  ESPY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1825 
to  1829. 

VAN  HORNE,  ISAAC. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1801 
to  1805,  and  was  then  appointed 
Receiver  of  Public  Moneys  in 
Zanesville,  Ohio. 


490 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


VAN  HOUTON,  ISAAC. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1833 
to  1835. 

VAN  METRE,  JOHN  J. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1843  to  1845, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Commit 
tee  on  Expenses  in  the  Navy  De 
partment. 

VAN  NESS,  JOHN  P. 

He  was  born  in  Ghent,  Columbia 
County,  New  York,  in  1770.  He 
was  educated  at  Columbia  College, 
and  studied  law,  but  gave  up  the 
practice  on  account  of  ill  health. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1801  to  1803  ;  and,  hav 
ing  taken  up  his  residence  in  Wash 
ington  City,  became  the  first  Presi 
dent  of  the  Bank  of  the  Metropolis, 
in  1814;  he  was  also  elected  Mayor 
of  Washington,  and  both  as  a  pub 
lic  and  private  citizen  did  much  to 
promote  the  prosperity  of  the  seat 
of  Government.  While  a  member 
of  Congress  he  received,  from 
President  Jefferson,  a  commission 
as  major  of  militia  for  the  District 
of  Columbia,  which,  with  the  fact 
that  he  married  a  Washington  lady, 
was  the  cause  of  his  change  of  resi 
dence.  He  died  in  Washington, 
March  7,  1846. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  HENRY. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 


VAN  RENSSELAER,  JEREMIAH. 

He  was  born  in  1741 ;  was  a  pa 
triot  of  the  Revolution ;  Lieute 
nant-Governor  of  New  York;  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1789  to  1791.  He  died 
in  Albany,  February  22,  1810. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  SOLOMON. 

He  was  born  in  Rensselaer 
County,  New  York,  in  1774;  he 
served  as  an  officer  under  General 
Wayne,  in  1794,  and  was  wounded 
through  the  lungs,  and  received 
four  wounds  at  the  battle  of  Queens- 
town  Heights.  In  1799  he  was 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  major. 
He  was  Adjutant-General  of  New 
York  from  1801  to  1810,  and  in 
1813.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1819  to  1822,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  Postmaster  at  Albany.  He 
died  near  Albany,  April  23,  1852. 

VAN  RENSSELAER,  STEPHEN. 

He  was  born  in  the  City  of  New 
York,  in  November,  17  04,  and  gra 
duated  at  the  University  in  Cam 
bridge,  Massachusetts,  in  1782 ; 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Senate  in  1795  ;  was  six  years 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  New  York ; 
a  member  of  Congress  from  1822  to 
1829;  was  appointed,  in  1810,  one 
of  the  Canal  Commissioners,  and, 
for  the  last  fourteen  years  of  his 
life,  was  President  of  the  Board ; 
and,  during  the  last  war  with  Eng 
land,  he  commanded,  with  reputa 
tion,  as  major-general  on  the  Nia 
gara  frontier.  He  was  distinguished 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


491 


for  his  wealth  and  munificent  chari 
ties,  and  enjoyed  the  inherited  title 
of  Patroon.  He  died  at  Albany, 
January  26,  1S39. 

VAX  REXSSELAER,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  1703;  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1801  to  1811,  after 
which  he  retired  to  private  life,  and 
died  in  New  York  City,  June  18, 
1845. 


VAN  WYCK,  WILLIAM. 

lie  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1821  to  1825. 

VAXZAXT,  JOSHUA. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855 ; 
was  also  for  many  years  President 
of  the  Maryland  Institute. 

VAKXUM,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,    from    Massachusetts,    from 
1825  to  1831.     He  was  a  native  of 
Massachusetts;    educated  at  liar-  > 
vard  University ;  practiced  law  for  ; 
some  years  at  Haverhill,  Massachu-  I 
setts,  was  frequently  a  member  of 
the  State  Legislature.   He  removed  j 
to  Niles,  in  the  State  of  Michigan, 
where  he  died,  July  23,  1836,  aged 
sixty-three  years. 

VARXUM,  JOSEPH   BRADLEY. 

Born  in  1759,  in  Dracut,  Massa 
chusetts;  he  was  a  general  in  the 
revolutionary  war,  and  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1795  to  > 


1811,  being  four  years  Speaker, 
during  the  Tenth  and  Eleventh 
Congresses.  He  was  chosen  Sena 
tor  in  1811,  and  served  till  1817. 
Of  three  conventions  of  Massachu 
setts  he  was  a  useful  member ;  he 
died  suddenly,  September  11,  1821, 
being  then  major-general  of  a  divi 
sion  of  the  militia. 

VENABLE,  ABRAHAM  B. 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Princeton 
College  in  1780;  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Virginia,  from 
1791  to  1799,  and  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  from  1803  to  1804. 
He  perished  in  the  conflagration  of 
the  theatre  at  Richmond,  Virginia, 
December  26,  1811. 

VEXABLE,  ABRAHAM   U. 

Born  in  Prince  Edward  County, 
Virginia,  October  17,  1799;  gra 
duated  at  Ilampden  Sidney  College 
in  1816;  studied  medicine  for  two 
years,  and  then  went  to  Princeton 
College,  where  he  graduated  in 
1819;  he  then  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  North 
Carolina,  in  1821.  He  was  a  Pre 
sidential  Elector  in  1832,  and  also  in 
1836  ;  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1847  to  1853.  His  father  and  six 
uncles  were  in  the  revolutionary 
war,  serving  their  country  faithfully. 

VEUPLANCK,  DANIEL  C. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1803  to 
1809. 


492 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


VERPLANCK,  JULIAN  C. 

An  American  author,  and  born  in 
the  City  of  New  York.  He  gradu 
ated  at  Columbia  College,  pursued 
the  study  of  the  law,  and,  after  his 
admission  to  the  bar,  he  passed  se 
veral  years  abroad,  in  Great  Britain 
and  on  the  continent.  On  his  re 
turn  home,  he  became  interested  in 
politics,  and,  in  1814,  was  a  candi 
date  of  the  "malcontents"  in  New 
York  for  the  Assembly.  In  1819 
he  wrote  the  "State  Triumvirate,  a 
Political  Tale,"  being  a  satire  on 
the  political  parties  of  the  day,  and 
other  works  of  a  similar  descrip 
tion.  In  1820  he  was  a  prominent 
member  of  the  New  York  Legisla 
ture,  in  which  he  was  Chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Education.  He 
soon  after  became  Professor  of  the 
Evidences  of  Christianity,  in  the 
Theological  Seminary  of  the  Pro 
testant  Episcopal  Church  in  New 
York,  and,  in  1824,  he  published 
his  "Essays  on  the  Nature  and  Uses 
of  the  various  Evidences  of  Re 
vealed  Religion,"  a  work  written 
with  simplicity  and  elegance.  The 
following  year  appeared  his  "  Es 
say  on  the  Doctrine  of  Contracts, 
being  an  Inquiry  how  Contracts  are 
affected,  in  Law  and  Morals,  by 
Concealment,  Error,  or  Inadequate 
Price."  Besides  these  works,  he 
contributed  much  to  various  maga 
zines,  and  in  conjunction  with  Mr. 
Bryant  and  Mr.  Sands,  he  published 
the  Talisman,  a  sort  of  annual, 
three  volumes  of  which  appeared. 
From  1825  he  was  for  eight  years 
a  member  of  Congress,  from  the 


City  of  New  York,  and  he  was  after 
wards,  for  several  years  a  member 
of  the  New  York  Senate.  He  also 
published,  in  1833,  a  collection  of 
his  discourses  and  addresses  on  vari 
ous  subjects,  and  in  1844-4G,  a 
handsome  edition  of  Shakspeare. 

VINING,  JOHN 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Delaware,  from  1789  to 
1792,  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  1793  to  1798.  He  had  previ 
ously  been  elected  a  Delegate  to 
the  Continental  Congress,  from 
1784  to  1786. 

VINTON,  SAMUEL  F. 

Born  at  South  Hadley,  Massa 
chusetts,  September  25,  1792.  He 
graduated  at  Williams  College, 
Massachusetts,  in  1814  ;  studied 
law  in  Middletown,  Connecticut, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1816,  when  he  removed  to  Ohio, 
and  practiced  his  profession  with 
eminent  success.  He  was  first 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  in  1823,  and  served  fourteen 
years,  when  he  declined  a  re-elec 
tion;  he  was  re-elected  in  1843, 
and  served  eight  years  in  succes 
sion,  when  he  again  declined  a  re 
election,  and  retired  to  private  life, 
where  his  tastes  and  wishes  incline 
him  to  remain.  While  in  Congress, 
Mr.  Yinton  served  as  chairman  of 
several  of  the  most  important  com 
mittees. 

YOSE,  EOGER. 

He  graduated  at  Harvard  Uni 
versity  in  1790 ;  was  a  Representa- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


493 


tivc  in  Congress,  from  New  Hamp 
shire,  from  1813  to  1817  ;  and  died 
in  1841. 

VROOM,  PETER  D. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1835)  to  1841. 
He  was  also  Governor  of  New  Jer 
sey,  from  1829  to  1832,  and  for  a 
second  term,  from  1833  to  183G.  In 
1853  lie  was  appointed  Minister  to 
Prussia. 

WADE,  BENJAMIN  F. 

He  was  born  in  Feeding  Hills 
parish,  Massachusetts,  October  27, 
1800  ;  received  a  limited  education, 
and  commenced  active  life  by  teach 
ing  school  and  attending  to  agricul 
tural  pursuits,  in  Ohio,  to  which  he 
removed  when  twenty-one  years  of 
age ;  he  studied  law,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1828;  and  he 
was  elected  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Ohio,  in  1851,  for  the  term 
ending  in  1857,  and  re-elected  for 
a  second  terra,  ending  in  1863.  The 
other  public  positions  held  by  him 
are,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  Prosecut 
ing  Attorney  for  Ashtabula  Coun 
ty,  State  Senator,  and  President  of 
a  Judicial  Circuit.  He  is  at  pre 
sent  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Territories,  in  the  Senate. 

WADE,  EDWARD. 

He  was  born  in  "West  Springfield, 
Massachusetts,  November  22, 1803, 
and  received  a  common  school  edu 
cation  ;  he  removed  with  his  father 
to  Audover,  Ashtabula  County, 


Ohio,  in  1821,  where  he  remained 
until  1824,  and  engaged  in  clearing 
the  land.  He  studied  law  in  Alba 
ny  and  Troy,  New  York,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  Jefterson, 
Ohio,  in  1827,  and  was  elected  jus 
tice  of  the  peace  in  that  county ;  in 
1832  he  removed  toUnionville,  and 
remained  until  1837,  and  finally  set 
tled  in  Cleveland.  He  was  elected 
a  Representative,  from  Ohio,  in  the 
Thirty-third  Congress,  to  which  po 
sition  he  has  been  re-elected  to  the 
present  time,  and  has  also  been  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Commerce. 

WADSWOKTII,  JEREMIAH. 

He  was  a  Delegate,  from  Con 
necticut,  to  the  Continental  Con 
gress,  from  178G  to  1788,  and  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1789  to  1795. 

WADSWOIITII,  PELEG. 

Was  born  in  Duxbury,  Massachu 
setts,  May  0,  1748;  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1709,  and  after 
wards  engaged  in  commercial  pur 
suits.  He  joined  the  army  as  cap 
tain  of  a  company  of  minute  men, 
at  Roxbury,  in  the  beginning  of  the 
war,  and  by  his  skill  and  courage, 
rose  rapidly  in  the  service.  He  was 
second  in  command  of  the  forces 
sent  to  Penobscot  by  Massachusetts, 
in  1779,  on  which  occasion  he  dis 
played  great  courage,  and  was 
taken  prisoner.  He  rose  to  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general.  After 
the  war,  in  1784,  he  established 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


himself  in  Portland,  Maine,  in  mer 
cantile  business ;  and  was  employed 
much  in  surveying,  in  which  he  was 
quite  skillful.  In  1792  he  was  elect 
ed  a  Senator  to  the  Legislature  of 
Massachusetts,  and  the  same  year 
was  chosen  to  Congress  the  first 
Representative  from  his  district, 
He  was  successively  re-elected  until 
180G,  when  he  declined  a  further 
nomination.  In  1798,  the  citizens 
of  Portland  gave  him  a  public  din 
ner  in  approbation  of  his  conduct  as 
their  Representative.  In  1807  he 
removed  to  the  County  of  Oxford, 
Maine,  to  improve  a  large  tract  of 
land  granted  to  him  by  government, 
for  his  services.  Here  he  passed 
the  remainder  of  his  days  in  retire 
ment,  enjoying  the  respect  of  a 
large  circle  of  his  friends  and  fellow- 
citizens.  He  died  in  1829. 

WAGENER,  D.  D. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1841. 

WAGGAMANN,  GEORGE  A. 

He  was  Secretary  of  State  of 
Louisiana,  under  three  administra 
tions  ;  held  various  other  public  posi 
tions,  and  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  1831  to  1835  He  died  at 
New  Orleans,  March  23, 1843,  from 
the  effects  of  a  wound  received  in  a 
duel,  aged  fifty-three  years. 

WAGNER,  PETER  J. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1841. 


WAKEMAN,  ABRAM. 

Born  in   Fairfield,   Connecticut, 
May  31,  1824.     He  received  a  dis 
trict   school  education;    when  six 
teen  years  of  age  he  removed  to  New 
Rochelle,  New  York,   and   taught 
school;    he   subsequently  attended 
an  academy  in  Herkimer  County, 
as  pupil,  working  a  part  of  the  time 
on  a  farm  to  pay  his  expenses;  he 
then  went  into  the  wilderness  and 
took  charge  of  a  saw-mill;    after 
that  he  went  into  the  business  of 
selling  books  by  subscription,  tra 
veling  through  much  of  the  Union  ; 
in  1844  he  commenced  the  study  of 
the  law  in  Herkimer  County,  New 
York ;  went  to  New  York  City  in 
184G,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1847  ;  in  1850  he  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  ;  re-elected  in  1851 ;  in 
1854  was  elected  an  alderman  in 
New  York,  serving  two  years  ;  and 
in  1856  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  to  the  Thirty-fifth    Congress. 
He  has  also  frequently  served  as  a 
member  of  State  conventions. 


WALBRIDGE,  DAVID  S. 

Born  in  Bennington,  Yermont, 
July  30,  1802;  received  his  educa 
tion  from  the  common  schools  of  the 
vicinity ;  has  devoted  himself  to  the 
various  employments  of  the  farmer, 
the  merchant,  and  the  miller  ;  he  re 
moved  to  Michigan  in  1842;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  in  1854, 
in  which  capacity  he  is  still  serving 
his  adopted  State,  and  is  a  member 
of  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


495 


WALBRIDGE,  HENRY  S. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

WALI1RIDGE,  HIRAM. 

Born  nt  Itliica,  Tompkins  Coun 
ty,  New  York,  February  2,  1821 ; 
commenced  life  by  learning  the 
trade  of  a  mechanic ;  subsequently 
received  a  good  education  at  the 
Ohio  University;  when  twenty- 
three  years  of  age  was  elected  briga 
dier-general  of  the  Ohio  militia; 
and  removing  to  New  York  City, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  serving 
from  1853  to  1855. 

WALDEN,  HIRAM. 

He  was  born  in  Rutland  County, 
Vermont,  August  29,  1800;  re 
ceived  a  limited  education,  and  hav 
ing  removed  with  his  father  to  New 
York,  devoted  himself  to  the  busi 
ness  of  cloth  dressing  and  wool 
carding;  he  took  an  interest  in 
military  affairs,  and  attained  the 
office  of  major-general  of  militia ; 
in  183G  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  ;  in  1842  he  was  elect 
ed  a  supervisor  in  the  County  of 
Schoharie ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1849  to  1851. 

WALDO,  LORIN  P. 

"Was  born  in  Canterbury,  Wind- 
ham  County,  Connecticut,  February 
2,  1802;  received  a  thorough 
English  education  in  the  common 
schools,  and  pursued  the  study  of 


the  classics  to  some  extent  under 
private  instructors;   read  law,  and 
was   admitted   to   practice   in    the 
courts  of  the  State  of  Connecticut, 
in    September,    1825;    located    in 
Tolland  County,  Connecticut,  where 
he  was  States  Attorney  from  1837 
to  1849;  was  two  years  Judge  of 
the  Court  of  Probate  in  his  district, 
and  six  years  a  member  of  the  Le 
gislature  of  his  State.      In  April, 
1849,  he  was  elected  to  the  Thirty- 
first  Congress,  and  served  the  term. 
In   1852  he  was  elected   Commis 
sioner  of  the  School  Fund  of  Con 
necticut ;  was  in  March,  1853,  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Pierce,  Com 
missioner  of  Pensions,  and  in  June, 
1855,  was  elected,  by  the  Legisla 
ture  of  Connecticut,  to  the  office  of 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  which 
office  he  now  holds. 

WALDRON,  HENRY. 

He  was  born  in  Albany,  New 
York,  October  11, 1819;  graduated 
at  Rutgers's  College,  New  Bruns 
wick,  New  Jersey,  in  July,  1836 ;  be 
came  a  civil  engineer  by  profession ; 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature  of 
Michigan  in  1843;  and  served  as 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  dur 
ing  the  years  1855,  1856,  1857, 
and  1858;  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Mileage.  He  has 
been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

WALES,  GEORGE  E. 

lie  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  from  1825  to 
1829. 


496 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


WALES,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Delaware,  from  1849  to  1851. 

WALKER,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1801 
to  1803. 

WALKER,  DAVID. 

He  was  a  Representative,  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1811  to 
1820. 

WALKER,  FELIX. 

He  was  born  in  Hampshire  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  July  19,  1753,  and 
was  a  Representative  ID  Congress, 
from  North  Carolina,  from  1811  to 
1823  ;  was  the  friend  and  com 
panion  of  Daniel  Boone,  when  he 
explored  Kentucky  and  founded 
Boonesborough  ;  he  served  as  a  sol 
dier  in  the  Indian  wars  in  the  Ca- 
rolinas;  settled  in  Tryon  County, 
North  Carolina ;  and  was  for  many 
years  in  the  State  Legislature ;  and 
subsequently  removing  to  the  State 
of  Mississippi,  he  died  there  in 
1830. 

WALKER,  FRANCIS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  North  Carolina,  from 
1193  to  1795. 

WALKER,  FREEMAN. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Georgia,  from  1819  to  1821. 

WALKER,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  | 
from  Kentucky,  from  1814  to  1815. 


WALKER,  ISAAC  P. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Wisconsin,  from  1848  to  1855, 
and  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Revolutionary  Claims. 

WALKER,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Virginia,  during  the  year 
1190. 

WALKER,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Georgia,  from  1190  to  1191. 

WALKER,  JOHN  W. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Alabama,  from  1819  to  1822, 
and  died  in  April,  1823. 

WALKER,  PERCY. 

Born  near  Huntsville,  Alabama ; 
received  an  academic  education, 
and  in  1835  graduated  in  the  medi 
cal  department  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  removed  to  Mo 
bile.  He  served  as  an  officer  in  a 
volunteer  company  during  the  Creek 
war.  He  afterwards  studied  law  as 
a  profession,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1842 ;  he  was  elected 
by  the  Legislature  to  the  office  of 
States  Attorney  for  the  Sixth  Ju 
dicial  Circuit,  which  he  held  four 
years.  In  1839,  1841,  and  1853, 
he  represented  Mobile  County  in 
the  General  Assembly,  and  in  1855 
was  elected  a  Representative  from 
Alabama,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress.  At  the  next  election  he 
declined  being  a  candidate,  and  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  law. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


497 


WALKER,  ROBERT  J. 

Was  born  at  Northumberland,  in 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1801. 
He  entered  the  University  of  Penn 
sylvania,  in  Philadelphia,  where  he 
graduated  in  1819.  On  leaving 
College,  he  settled  in  Pittsburg, 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1821.  He  interested 
himself  in  politics  at  a  very  early 
period,  and  became  chairman  of  a 
Democratic  committee  during  a 
State  election,  when  only  twenty- 
two  years  of  age.  A  year  or  two 
later  he  took  part  in  the  movement 
in  favor  of  nominating  General 
Jackson  to  the  Presidency,  and 
was  instrumental  in  bringing  about 
the  action  of  the  Harrisburg  Con 
vention,  which  nominated  Jackson 
for  that  office  in  1824.  In  the 
spring  of  1826  he  moved  to  the 
State  of  Mississippi.  He  uniformly 
refused  every  political  office  which 
was  offered  him,  until  1834,  when 
he  consented  to  become  a  candidate 
for  the  office  of  United  States  Se 
nator  ;  but  the  Whigs  having  a  ma 
jority  in  the  State  Senate,  he  was 
not  elected.  In  1836,  however,  he 
was  more  successful,  and  took  his 
seat  in  the  Senate  shortly  after.  In 
that  body  he  was  one  of  the  leaders 
of  his  party,  and  participated  fully 
in  the  debates,  uniformly  support 
ing  the  men  and  measures  of  the 
Democratic  party.  In  March,  1845, 
on  President  Folk's  accession  to 
office,  Mr.  Walker  was  called  upon 
to  take  charge  of  the  Treasury  De 
partment,  which  he  administered 
for  four  years.  He  subsequently 
32 


visited  England,  where  he  met  with 
flattering  attentions.  After  having 
been  for  some  years  out  of  the  pale 
of  politics,  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Buchanan,  in  1857,  Go 
vernor  of  the  Territory  of  Kansas, 
which  office  he  resigned,  and  has 
since  occupied  no  public  position. 

WALKER,  WILLIAM  A. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 
from  New  York,  from  1853  to 
1855. 

WALL,  GARRET  D/ 

Born  in  Monmouth  County,  New 
Jersey,  March   10,  1783  ;  received 
an  academical    education,    and    in 
1798  commenced  the  study  of  law 
at  Trenton  ;  in  1804  was  licensed 
as  an   attorney,  and    in    1807   as 
counselor-at-law.      Was  appointed 
I   Clerk   of   the    Supreme    Court   in 
|    1812,  which  office  he  held  for  6ve 
!   years.     He  commanded  a  volunteer 
company  at  the  defence  of  Sandy 
:   Hook,  in  the  last  war ;    and  was 
|   Quartermaster-general  of  the  State 
from   1815  to   1837.     In   1827  he 
:   was  elected  to  the  General  Assem- 
j  bly.    In  1829  was  appointed  United 
i   States  District  Attorney  for  New 
i   Jersey,  and  the  same  year  elected 
Governor  of  the  State,  by  the  Le- 
I   gislature,  but  declined  the  appoint- 
j  ment.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
i   United  States  Senate,  from  1835  to 
1841.      In    1843    his    health   was 
greatly   impaired   by   a   stroke   of 
paralysis,  but  in  1848  he  was  ap 
pointed  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Errors 
and  Appeals,  which  office  he  occu- 


498 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


pied  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  Burlington,  New  Jersey,  Novem 
ber  22,  1850.  His  disease  was 
dropsy  on  the  chest. 

WALLACE,  DANIEL. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Bepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1847  to  1853. 

WALLACE,  DAVID. 

He  was  born  in  Indiana,  and 
was  a  Bepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1841  to  1843. 

WALLACE,  JAMES  M. 

He  was  born  in  Dauphin  County, 
Pennsylvania,  and  was  a  Bepresen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1815  to  1821. 

WALLET,  SAMUEL  II. 

Born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts, 
August  31, 1805;  fitted  for  College 
at  Anflover  Academy;  graduated 
at  Harvard  College  in  1826  ;  stu 
died  law;  officiated  for  twenty 
years  as  treasurer  of  a  savings 
bank  in  Boston,  for  the  benefit  of 
seamen ;  was  also  treasurer  for  a 
long  time  of  a  railroad  in  Vermont, 
and  one  in  New  York ;  he  was  also 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature 
for  eight  sessions,  and  Speaker  of 
the  House  for  two  years ;  and  a 
Bepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
1853  to  1855.  On  his  return  from 
Washington,  he  was  the  Whig  can 
didate  for  Governor  of  Massachu 
setts,  but  was  defeated,  since  which 
time  he  has  lived  in  retirement. 


WALN,  ROBERT. 

He  was  a  prominent  merchant  in 
Philadelphia,  and  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1198 
to  1801,  and  died  January  24, 1836, 
aged  seventy-one  years. 

WALSH,  MIKE. 

He  was  born  in  New  York  ;  was 
for  some  years  the  editor  of  a  news 
paper  in  New  York  City ;  and  a 
Bepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

WALSH,  THOMAS  Y. 

He  was  a  native  of  Maryland, 
and  a  Bepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

WALTON,  E.  P. 

Born  at  Montpelier,  Vermont, 
February  17,  1812;  studied  law, 
but  was  a  practical  printer  and  edi 
tor,  having  for  several  years  edited 
the  Vermont  Watchman;  he  served 
in  the  State  Legislature,  as  Bepre 
sentative,  one  term ;  and  was  then 
elected  a  Bepresentative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Expenditures.  He  has  also  been 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

WALTON,  GEORGE. 

He  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  born 
in  1740 ;  he  served  an  apprentice 
ship  to  the  carpenter's  trade,  after 
the  expiration  of  which  he  removed 
to  Georgia,  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1774.  He 
was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Decla- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


499 


ration  of  Independence,  and  one  of 
the  four  individuals  who  called  a* 
public  meeting,  at  Savannah,  to 
concert  measures  for  the  defence  of  ! 
the  country,  in  1774;  was  one  of  ; 
the  committee  who  prepared  a  peti 
tion  to  the  King,  and  drew  up  the 
patriotic  resolutions  adopted  on 
that  occasion.  He  was  active  in 
promoting  the  Revolution  at  home, 
and  in  1776  was  a  Delegate  to  Con 
gress,  from  Georgia.  When  the 
enemy  attacked  Savannah  he  was 
dangerously  wounded  and  taken 
prisoner,  but  was  released  in  1779, 
and  the  same  year  was  chosen  Go 
vernor  of  the  State;  in  1780  was 
again  sent  to  Congress,  and  in  1783 
was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the 
State;  in  1787  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Convention  for  framing  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
but  declined  taking  his  seat ;  in 
1793  was  again  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court,  and  in  1795  was 
elected  to  succeed  General  Jackson 
as  a  Senator  in  Congress,  serving 
one  year.  He  died  February  2, 
1804. 

WALTON,  MATTHEW. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1803  to 
1807. 

WALWORTH,  REUBEN  HYDE. 

He  was  born  at  Bozrah,  Con 
necticut,  in  October,  1789.  He 
spent  his  earlier  years  on  a  farm, 
and  had  few  advantages  of  educa 
tion.  He  commenced  the  study  of 
law  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  and 
when  twenty  was  admitted  to  prac 


tice,  and  when  twenty-two  was  li 
censed  as  an  attorney  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  New  York.  He 
settled  at  Plattsburg  in  1811,  and 
held  successively  the  offices  of  Mas 
ter  in  Chancery,  officer  of  militia 
during  the  siege  of  Plattsburg  in 
1814,  and  adjutant-general  of  the 
combined  forces,  having,  as  such,- 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Beek- 
manstown  and  Pike's  Cantonment. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  House 
during  the  Seventeenth  Congress, 
declined  a  re-election,  and  was  ap 
pointed  a  Circuit  Judge  in  1823  ; 
and  in  1828  he  was  made  Chancel 
lor  of  the  State  of  Xew  York,  which 
he  held  for  twenty  years,  when  the 
office  was  abolished.  His  opinions 
as  Chancellor  were  published  in 
fourteen  volumes,  while  his  other 
opinions  occupy  as  many  more. 

WARD,  AARON. 

lie  was  born  at  Sing  Sing,  New 
York ;  was  educated  at  Mount 
Pleasant  Academy,  and  adopted 
the  profession  of  law.  He  served, 
in  1813,  in  the  regular  army,  as  a 
captain ;  was,  for  a  time,  after  the 
war,  District  Attorney  for  the  Coun 
ty  of  Westchester,  and  subsequently 
attained  the  position  of  major-gene 
ral  of  the  New  York  militia.  His 
terms  of  service  as  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  were  from  1825  to 
1829,  from  1831  to  1837,  and  from 
1841  to  1843. 

WARD,  ARTEMAS. 

Graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1748.  He  was  a  Representative  in 


500 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


the  Massachusetts  Legislature ;  a 
member  of  the  Common  Council  of 
Boston  ;  and  a  Judge  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  for  the  County  of 
Worcester.  June  17, 1775,  he  was 
appointed  Major-General  of  the 
American  army,  and  was  intrusted 
with  the  command  of  the  right  wing 
-of  the  troops  stationed  at  Roxbury, 
for  the  siege  of  Boston.  He  was  a 
Delegate  to  the  Provincial  Con 
gress,  and  a  Bepresentative  in  the 
United  States  Congress,  from  Mas 
sachusetts,  from  1791  to  1795.  He 
was  much  esteemed  by  Washington, 
and  although  he  resigned  his  com 
mission  in  April,  1776,  yet  at  the 
request  of  the  Commander-in-chief 
he  continued  some  time  longer  in 
the  service.  He  was  a  man  of  ex 
emplary  piety  and  incorruptible  in 
tegrity.  After  a  long  and  patient 
endurance  of  many  sufferings,  he 
died,  October  28, 1800,  aged  seven 
ty-three  years. 

WARD,  ARTEMAS. 

He  was  a  native  of  Massachu 
setts,  and  born  in  1763  ;  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1783.  He 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
practice,  and  soon  became  eminent 
in  his  profession.  He  was  elected 
a  Bepresentative  in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1813  to  1817. 
In  1821  he  was  appointed  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas,  which  office  he  held  for  nine 
teen  years.  He  died  in  Boston, 
October  7,  1847.  He  was  honored 
with  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Harvard  University. 


WARD,  ELIJAH. 

He  was  born  in  Sing  Sing,  New 
York,  September  16, 1816;  received 
an  academical  education,  and  was 
bred  a  merchant,  chiefly  in  the  City 
of  New  York,  where  he  was  Presi 
dent  of  the  Mercantile  Library  As 
sociation  in  1839;  he  studied  law 
at  the  University  of  New  York,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1843; 
and  was  elected  a  Bepresentative 
in  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  serv 
ing  on  the  Committee  for  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia. 

WARD,  JONATHAN, 
He  was  a  native  of  New  York ; 
and  a  Bepresentative  in  Congress, 
from  1815  to  1817,  having  been  a 
State  Senator,  from  Westchester 
County,  from  1807  to  1810. 

WARD,  MATT. 

He  was  born  in  Elbert  County, 
Georgia,  but  grew  up  to  manhood 
in  Madison  County,  Alabama.  He 
received  an  academical  education  ; 
was  a  school  teacher  for  two  years  ; 
studied  law ;  and  became  a  citizen 
of  the  Bepublic  of  Texas  in  1836. 
He  served  a  number  of  years  in  the 
Congress  of  that  Bepublic,  and 
when  it  became  a  State,  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature  as  a  Senator. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  two 
Conventions  which  nominated  Mr. 
Pierce  and  Mr.  Buchanan  for  the 
office  of  President ;  in  1856  he  was 
chosen  President  of  the  State  Demo 
cratic  Convention  held  at  Austin  ; 
and  in  1858  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  from  Texas,  for  the 
term  ending  in  1863. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    S^K  ETCHES. 


501 


WARD,  THOMAS. 

Was  a  Representative  iu  Con 
gress,  from  New  Jersey,  from  1813 
to  1817.  II»'  died  at  Newark,  New 
Jersey,  February  4,  1842,  aged 
eighty-three. 

WARD,  WILLIAM  T. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky;  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 


WARDWELL,  DANIEL. 

He  was  born  in  Rhode  Island, 
and  having  taken  up  his  residence 
in  New  York,  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1831  to  1837,  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Revolutionary  Pensions.  lie  was  j 
also  a  member  of  the  New  York 
Assembly  for  four  years,  from  Jef 
ferson  County. 

WARE,  NICHOLAS. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress,  \ 
from   Georgia,  from  1821   to   the 
time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  New  York  City,  September  7, 
1824. 

WARFIELD,  HENRY  R. 

Was  born  in  Anne  Arundel  Coun 
ty,  Maryland;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that  j 
State,  from  1819  to  1825.  On 
the  morning  of  March  18,  1839,  he 
was  found  dead  in  his  bed,  at  Fre 
derick,  Maryland. 


WARNER,   HIRAM. 

Born  in  Hampshire  County,  Mas 
sachusetts,  October  29,  1802;  he 
received  a  good  common  school 
education,  with  some  knowledge  of 
the  classics,  and  emigrated  to 
Georgia  at  the  age  of  seventeen, 
and  there  taught  school  for  three 
years ;  with  his  earnings  he  was 
enabled  to  study  the  profession  of 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  practice 
in  1825,  and  opened  an  office  at 
Knoxville,  in  Crawford  County. 
From  1828  to  1831  he  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  the  General  Assem 
bly,  and  declined  a  re-election.  In 
1833  he  was  ^ected  by  the  Legis 
lature  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Su 
perior  Courts  of  the  State,  and  was 
reappointed  in  183(5,  holding  the 
office  until  1840.  From  that  time 
till  1845  he  was  engaged  in  a  lucra 
tive  practice,  and  was  that  year 
appointed  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  serving  for  eight 
years,  and  then  resigned.  In  1855 
he  was  elected  f  Representative  in 
the  Thirty- fourth  Congress,  and  de 
clined  a  re-election  in  1857. 

WARREN,  CORNELIUS. 

Born  in  Putnam  County,  New 
York,  in  1790,  and  died  at  Cold 
Spring,  July  28,  1849.  He  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1847  until  his  death. 

WARREN,  EDWARD  A. 

Born  in  Green  County,  Alabama, 
May  2,  1818;  received  a  liberal 
education,  and  studied  the  profes 
sion  of  law.  He  served  in  the  Mis- 


502 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES. 


sissippi  Legislature  in  1845  and 
1846,  and  in  the  Legislature  of  Ar 
kansas  in  1848  and  1849,  as  Speaker 
of  the  House.  In  1850  he  was 
elected  States  Attorney  for  the 
Sixth  Judicial  District  of  Arkan 
sas,  and  was  a  Representative,  from 
that  State,  in  the  Thirty-third  Con 
gress,  and  was  re-elected  to  the 
Thirty-Qfth.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  the  Militia,  and 
Railroads  and  Canals. 

WARREN,  LOTT. 

Born  in  Burke  County,  Georgia, 
October  30,  1797;  commenced  life 
as  a  clerk  in  a  store ;  served  in  the 
Seminole  war  as  a  second  lieutenant 
of  militia,  in  1818;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1821 ;  in  1823  he  was  elected  a 
major  of  battalion  ;  in  1824  went 
to  the  State  Legislature ;  in  1825 
was  appointed  Solicitor-General  to 
fill  a  vacancy ;  in  1830  he  was  sent 
to  the  State  Senate  ;  in  1831  again 
elected  to  the  Lower  House ;  and 
he  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress  from  1839  to  1843.  He  is 
still  devoted  to  the  profession  of 
law. 

WASHBURN,  ISRAEL. 

Born  June  6,  1813,  at  Livermore, 
County  of  Oxford,  (now  Androscog- 
gin,)  Maine.  He  received  a  classi 
cal  education ;  studied  law,  and  in 
October,  1834,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar ;  he  commenced  the  practice  of 
the  law  in  Orono,  Penobscot  Coun 
ty,  December,  1834,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  was  a  member 


of  the  Legislature  in  1842,  and 
elected  to  the  Federal  House  of  Re 
presentatives,  from  Maine,  for  the 
Thirty-second,  Thirty-third,  Thirty- 
fourth,  and  Thirty-fifth  Congresses, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Committee 
on  Elections.  He  has  been  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

AVASIIBURNE,  C.  C. 

Born  in  the  town  of  Livermore, 
Maine,  April  22,  1818.  He  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession;  removed  to 
Wisconsin,  and  was  elected  a  Re 
presentative,  from  that  State,  to 
the  Thirty-fourth  and  Thirty-fifth 
Congresses.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Private  Land 
Claims  and  Expenditures  on  the 
Public  Buildings.  He  has  been  re- 
elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress. 

WASHBURNE,  ELIIIU  B. 

Born  in  Livermore,  Oxford  Coun 
ty,  Maine,  September  23,  181G; 
studied  law  at  Harvard  University, 
and  practiced  at  Galena,  Illinois. 
He  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  that 
State,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Commerce.  He  has  also 
been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth 
Congress. 

WASHINGTON,  GEORGE  C. 

Born  in  Westmoreland  County, 
Virginia,  August  20,  1789,  and 
died  in  Georgetown,  District  of 
Columbia,  July  17,  1854.  He  was 
educated  at  Cambridge,  and  became 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


503 


a  lawyer  by  profession,  though  par 
tial  to  the  pursuit  of  agriculture. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  the 
oldest  and  nearest  surviving  male 
relative  of  his  granduncle,  General 
Washington.  lie  represented  Mary 
land  in  Congress,  from  1827  to 
1833,  and  from  1835  to  1837.  He 
was  also  President  of  the  Chesa 
peake  and  Ohio  Canal,  and  a  Com 
missioner  for  the  settlement  of  Indian 
claims.  When  General  Scott  was 
nominated  for  the  Presidency,  Mr. 
Washington  was  spoken  of  as  the 
candidate  for  Yice-President. 

WASHINGTON,  WILLIAM  II. 

Born  in  Xorth  Carolina;  gradu 
ated  at  Yale  College  in  1834,  and 
is  a  lawyer  by  profession.  He 
was  in  Congress  from  1841  to  1843, 
and  subsequently  five  or  six  years 
in  the  State  Legislature. 

WAT  KINS,  ALBERT  G. 

lie  was  born  in  Jefferson  County, 
Tennessee,  May  5,  1818;  was  edu 
cated  at  Holston  College,  Tennes 
see;  adopted  the  profession  of  law; 
was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  from 
his  native  county,  in  1845;  was  a 
Presidential  Elector  in  1848;  and 
was  first  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress  in  1849,  and  has  been 
re-elected  to  each  succeeding  Con 
gress,  excepting  the  Thirty-third, 
when  he  declined  the  nomination. 
He  is  at  the  present  time  a  member 
of  the  Committees  on  Manufactures 
and  on  the  Militia. 


WATMOUGH,  JOHN  G. 

He  was  born  on  the  banks  of  the 
Brandywine,  Delaware,  December 
6,  1793,  and  educated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania  and  Prince 
ton.  He  served  in  the  war  of  181 2,  as 
a  lieutenant  in  the  Second  Artillery, 
and  while  doing  service  on  the  fron 
tiers,  in  1813  and  1814,  was  wound 
ed  by  receiving  in  his  body  three 
musket  balls,  the  last  of  which  was 
extracted  in  1835;  he  resigned  his 
commission  in  181(5,  and  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  in  1831,  where  he  re 
mained  four  years,  during  the  whole 
of  which  period  his  wounds  were 
open  and  constantly  giving  him  pain. 
His  other  public  positions  were  those 
of  aid-de-camp  to  General  Gaines 
at  Xew  Orleans,  and  in  the  Creek 
Nation  in  1814  and  1815;  High 
Sheriff  of  Philadelphia  City  and 
County,  in  1835;  and  Surveyor  of 
that  port  in  1841.  Of  late  years 
he  has  lived  in  retirement. 


WATSON,  COOPER  K. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1855  to  1857. 


WATSON,  J. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Xew  York,  from  17  98  to  1800; 
has  previously  been  a  member  of 
the  Assembly  of  Xew  York,  during 
the  years  1791,  1704,  1795,  and 
1790;  was  a  State  Senator  in  1797. 


501 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


WATTERSON,  HARVEY  M. 
He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1839  to  1843. 

WATTS,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  New  York  in 
1749,  and  died  in  New  York  City, 
September  3,  1836.  He  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  1193  to 
1795. 

WAYNE,  ANTHONY. 

Born  in  Easttown,  Chester  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  in  1746.  In  1773 
he  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  General  Assembly,  where  he 
took  an  active  part  against  the 
claims  of  Great  Britain.  In  1775 
he  entered  the  army  as  colonel,  and 
in  the  battle  at  the  Three  Rivers, 
in  June,  1776,  received  a  wound 
in  the  leg,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
campaign  he  was  made  a  brigadier- 
general.  In  the  battles  of  Brandy- 
wine,  Germantown,  and  Monmouth, 
and  especially  at  Stony  Point,  he 
greatly  distinguished  himself,  in 
the  latter  assault  receiving  a  severe 
wound  in  the  head.  In  1781  he 
led  the  Pennsylvania  line,  to  form 
a  junction  with  La  Fayette  in  Virgi 
nia,  and  engaged  in  the  capture  of 
Cornwallis;  after  which  he  con 
ducted  the  war  in  Georgia  with 
equal  success,  receiving  from  the 
Legislature  of  that  State  a  valu 
able  farm  as  a  reward  for  his  ser 
vices,  upon  which  he  retired  after 
the  war.  In  1787  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Convention  for  framing 
the  Constitution,  and  served  as  a 


Representative  in  Congress  in  1791. 
In  1792  he  was  again  called  into 
military  service,  and  succeeded  St. 
Clair  in  the  command  of  the  army 
against  the  Indians,  gaining  a 
complete  victory  over  them  in 

1794,  at  the  battle  of  the  Miami; 
he  concluded  a  treaty,  August  3, 

1795,  with  the  hostile  tribes  north 
west  of  the    Ohio.     While  in  the 
service  of  his  country,  having  at 
tained   the  rank  of  major-general, 
he  died  in  a  hut  at  Presque  Isle, 
and  was  buried  on  the  shore  of  Lake 
Erie,  in  December,  1796. 

WAYNE,  ISAAC. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1823 
to  1825. 

WAYNE,  JAMES  M. 

He  was  born  in  Savannah,  Geor 
gia.  Having  obtained  an  excellent 
preliminary  education,  under  the  in 
struction  of  a  private  tutor,  he  en 
tered  Nassau  Hall,  (now  Princeton 
College,)  where  he  counted  among 
his  fellow-students  some  of  the  lead 
ing  men  of  the  present  day.  On  his 
return  home,  at  the  end  of  his  colle 
giate  course,  he  commenced  the  study 
of  law  with  one  of  the  most  dis 
tinguished  lawyers  of  Savannah  ; 
but  his  father  having  died  a  few 
months  afterwards,  he  left,  by  the 
advice  of  his  friends,  to  prosecute 
his  studies  at  the  North.  On  his 
return  home  he  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  and  also 
took  much  interest  in  politics.  Af- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


505 


ter  three  or  four  years,  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  General 
Assembly,  as  an  opponent  of  the 
"relief  law,"  which  had  created 
much  feeling  throughout  the  State. 
He  was  re-elected  the  following 
year,  but  declined  being  a  candi 
date  the  third  time.  He  was  next 
mayor  of  the  city.  On  his  resig 
nation  of  that  office,  he  was  chosen 
Judge  of  the  Superior  Court,  and 
served  for  five  years  and  a  half.  He 
was  then  elected  a  member  of  Con 
gress  in  the  session  of  1829-30. 
He  took  a  prominent  position  in  the 
House  as  a  debater,  and  also  proved 
himself  a  good  business  member  on 
various  committees.  He  was  a  sup 
porter  of  President  Jackson,  by 
whom  he  was  appointed  to  a  seat 
on  the  bench  of  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court  in  1835.  He  has 
proved  himself  a  sound  and  ac 
complished  jurist.  He  has  espe 
cially  devoted  his  attention  to  the 
subject  of  admiralty  jurisprudence, 
and  his  opinion  on  points  con 
nected  with  that  subject  are  every 
where  cited  as  high  authority. 

WEAKLEY,  ROBERT. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1809 
to  1811,  and  in  1819  was  appointed 
United  States  Commissioner  to  treat 
with  the  Chickasaws. 

WEBSTER,  DANIEL. 

Born  in  the  town  of  Salisbury, 
New  Hampshire,  January  18, 1782. 
His  opportunities  for  education 


were  very  deficient,  and  he  was  in 
debted  for  his  earliest  instruction 
to  his  mother.  For  a  few  months 
only,  in  179G,  he  enjoyed  the  ad 
vantages  of  Phillips's  Exeter  Aca 
demy  ;  here  his  education  for  col 
lege  commenced,  and  it  was  com 
pleted  at  Boscawen.  He  entered 
Dartmouth  College  in  1797,  and 
graduated  in  1801.  Soon  after  he 
engaged  in  professional  studies, 
first  in  his  native  village,  and  after 
wards  at  Fryeburg,  in  Maine,  where, 
at  the  same  time,  he  had  the  charge 
of  an  academy,  and  was  also  a  co 
pyist  in  the  office  of  Register  of 
Deeds.  Having  completed  his  stu 
dies  in  the  office  of  Governor  Gore, 
of  Boston,  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Suffolk,  Massachusetts,  in  the 
year  1805.  He  commenced  the 
practice  of  law  in  his  native  State, 
and  county;  in  1807  he  removed  to 
Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  and 
soon  became  engaged  in  a  respecta 
ble  but  not  lucrative  practice.  In 
1812  he  was  chosen  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts, and  was  re-elected.  He  removed 
to  Boston  in  1816,  and  was  placed 
at  once  beside  the  leaders  of  the 
Massachusetts  bar,  having  already 
appeared  before  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States,  at  Washing 
ton.  By  his  argument  in  the  Dart 
mouth  College  case,  carried  by  ap 
peal  to  Washington,  in  1817,  he 
took  rank  among  the  most  distin 
guished  jurists  in  the  country.  In 
1820  he  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  Convention  for  revising  the 
Constitution  of  Massachusetts.  He 


506 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


was  offered,  about  this  time,  a  no 
mination  as  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  but  declined.  In  1822  he 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  the  City  of  Boston ; 
he  took  his  seat  in  December,  1823, 
and  early  in  the  session  made  his 
celebrated  speech  on  the  Greek 
Revolution,  which  at  once  esta 
blished  his  reputation  as  one  of  the 
first  statesmen  of  the  age.  In  the 
autumn  of  the  same  year  he  was  re- 
elected.  In  1826  he  was  again 
elected,  and  under  the  presidency 
of  Mr.  Adams  he  was  the  leader  of 
the  friends  of  the  administration, 
first  in  the  House  of  Representa 
tives,  and  afterwards  in  the  Senate, 
to  which  he  was  elected  in  182*7. 
His  speech  on  the  Panama  Mission 
was  made  in  the  first  session  of  the 
Nineteenth  Congress.  When  the 
tariff  law  of  1824  was  brought  for 
ward  he  spoke  against  it,  on  the 
ground  of  expediency.  He  remained 
in  the  Senate  a  period  of  twelve 
years.  In  1830  he  made  what  is 
generally  regarded  the  ablest  of  his 
parliamentary  efforts,  his  second 
speech  in  reply  to  Colonel  Ilayne, 
of  South  Carolina.  Mr.  Webster, 
although  opposed  to  the  admin 
istration  of  General  Jackson, 
gave  it  a  cordial  support  in  its 
measures  for  the  defence  of  the 
Union,  in  1832  and  1833,  but  op 
posed  its  financial  system.  In  1839 
he  made  a  short  visit  to  Europe. 
His  fame  had  preceded  him,  and  he 
was  received,  in  the  Old  World,  with 
the  attention  due  to  his  character 
and  talents,  at  the  French  and  Eng 


lish  courts.  On  the  accession  of 
President  Harrison,  he  was  ap 
pointed  Secretary  of  State,  and 
was  continued  in  this  office  by  Pre 
sident  Tyler.  President  Tyler's 
cabinet  was  broken  up  in  1842,  but 
Mr.  Webster  remained  in  office  till 
the  spring  of  1843,  being  desirous 
of  putting  some  other  matters,  con 
nected  with  our  foreign  relations, 
in  a  prosperous  train.  Mr.  Web 
ster  returned  to  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States  in  1845,  and  he  re 
mained  in  that  body  until  1850, 
when  he  was  appointed  Secretary 
of  State,  by  President  Fillmore.  In 
December,  1850,  the  famous  Iliilse- 
mann  letter  was  written.  In  1851, 
by  his  judicious  management  of  the 
Cuba  question,  he  obtained  of  the 
Spanish  Government  the  pardon  of 
the  followers  of  Lopez,  who  had 
been  deported  to  Spain.  About 
the  same  time  he  received  from  the 
English  Government  an  apology 
for  the  interference  of  a  British 
cruiser  with  an  American  steamer, 
in  the  waters  of  Nicaragua.  This 
was  the  second  time  that  the  British 
Government  had  made  a  similar 
concession  at  the  instance  of  Mr. 
Webster.  The  first  was  in  reference 
to  the  destruction  of  the  "  Caroline," 
at  Schlosser.  He  paid  much  atten 
tion  to  agriculture,  and  his  resi 
dence,  when  not  engaged  in  public 
business  at  Washington,  was  either 
at  Marsh  field,  in  Massachusetts,  or 
at  the  place  of  his  birth,  in  New 

|  Hampshire.  The  works  of  Mr. 
Webster  were  published  in  six  vo- 

!  lumes,  with  a  biographical  memoir 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


507 


by  Edward  Everett.  lie  died  Oc 
tober  23, 1852,  at  Marshfield ;  and  in 
1857,  two  volumes  of  Mr.  Webster's 
private  correspondence  were  pub 
lished  by  his  son,  Fletcher  Web 
ster,  Esq. 

WEBSTER,  TAYLOR. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  having  settled  in  Ohio,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1833  to 
1839. 

WEEKS,  JOHN  W. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1829  to  1833. 

WEEKS,  JOSEPH. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  Hampshire,  from 
1835  to  1839. 

WEEMS,  JOHN  C. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1826  to  1829. 

AVEIGHTMAN,  R.  C. 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
from  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico, 
from  1851  to  1853. 

WELCH,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Jefferson  County, 
Ohio,  October  28,  1805;  was  edu 
cated  at  Franklin  College,  Ohio ; 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1833;  he  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Senate  of  Ohio,  in 


1846  and  1847  ;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1851  to  1853. 
He  is,  at  the  present  time,  one  of 
the  Trustees  of  the  Ohio  Univer 
sity. 

WELCH,  WILLIAM  W. 

He  was  born  in  Norfolk,  Connec 
ticut,  December  10,  1818;  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  at 
the  common  schools  and  from  pri 
vate  instructors,  and  having  turned 
his  attention  to  the  science  of  me 
dicine,  received  the  degree  of  M.D. 
from  the  medical  institution  of  Yale 
College,  in  1838;  and,  excepting 
when  interrupted  by  his  public  du 
ties,  has  ever  been  a  practicing 
physician.  He  has  twice  been  elect 
ed  to  the  House  of  Representatives, 
and  twice  to  the  Senate  of  Con 
necticut  ;  and  he  was  a  Representa 
tive,  from  that  State,  during  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress. 

WELLBORN,  M.  J. 

He  was  born  in  Georgia,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1849  to  1851. 

WELLER,  JOHN  B. 

He  was  born  in  Ohio ;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  from  1839  to  1845 ;  was  the 
first  United  States  Commissioner  to 
Mexico,  under  the  treaty  of  Gua- 
dulupe  Hidalgo  ;  and  having  taken 
up  his  residence  in  California,  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Se 
nate,  in  1851,  for  a  long  term ;  and 
was  subsequently  elected  Governor 
of  California,  which  position  he 
continues  to  hold. 


508 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


WELLES,  WILLIAM  H. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Delaware,  from  1799  to  1804, 
and  again  from  1813  to  1817  ;  he 
died  March  ll,  1829. 

WELLS,  DANIEL,  JR. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  adopt 
ed  the  profession  of  law.  In  183G 
he  removed  to  Wisconsin,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1853  to  1855.  He 
subsequently  held  the  offices  of 
Judge  of  Probate  and  County 
Judge,  and  died  in  1858. 

WELLS,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

WENDOVER,  PETER  II. 

He  was  born  in  New  York 
City ;  was  a  member  of  the  State 
Assembly,  from  the  City  of  New 
York,  in  1804;  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1815  to  1821. 

WENTWORTH,  JOHN. 
He  was  born  in  Sandwich,  New 
Hampshire,  March  5,  1815.  He 
received  an  academic  education; 
taught  school  for  awhile,  and  hav 
ing  entered  Dartmouth  College, 
graduated  in  1836.  Removing, 
soon  afterwards,  to  Illinois,  he  stu 
died  law  and  settled  in  Chicago, 
where  he  has  ever  since  been  con 
nected  with  the  press,  and  practiced 
his  profession,  excepting  when  in 
Congress,  his  service,  as  a  Repre 


sentative,    having    extended    from 
1843  to  1855. 

WENTWORTII,  TAPPAN. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1853  to  1855. 

WESTBROOK,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1841 
to  1843. 

WESTBROOK,  THEODORIC  R. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1853  to 
1855. 

WESTCOTT,  JAMES  D. 

He  was  born  at  Alexandria,  Vir 
ginia,  in  May,  1802.  He  removed 
with  his  father  to  New  Jersey,  and 
was  at  an  early  age  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that 
State,  where  he  practiced  his  pro 
fession  until  1829;  and  he  after 
wards  held,  for  a  short  time,  a  posi 
tion  in  the  Consular  Bureau  of  the 
State  Department  at  Washington. 
He  was  appointed,  by  President 
Jackson,  Secretary  of  the  Territory 
of  Florida,  and  held  the  office  four 
years,  performing  the  duties  of  the 
Governor  during  his  temporary  ab 
sence.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Territorial  Legislature  in  1832. 
He  was  appointed  United  States 
District  Attorney  for  the  Middle 
District  of  the  Territory,  which  of- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


509 


fice  he  hold  until  1830.      He  was  | 
again  a  member  of  the  Legislature, 
and  a  member  of  the  Convention  ] 
for  framing  a  State  Constitution,  in 
1838  and  183'.).     On  the  admission 
of  Florida   into  the   Union   as   a 
State,  in  1845,  he  was   elected  a 
Senator   in  Congress,  and   served 
until  1S4-.I. 

WESTEKLO,  RENSSELAER. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1817  to  1819. 

WETIIEKED,   JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 

WHALLON,  REUBEN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1833 
to  1835,  and^died  in  Essex  County, 
New  York,  April  15,  1843,  aged 
sixty-six  years. 

WHARTON,  JESSE. 

He  represented  the  State  of  Ten 
nessee,  in  Congress,  from  1807  to 
1809,  and  was  a  United  States  Se 
nator  in  1814  and  1815.  He  died 
at  Nashville,  July  22,  1833. 

WHEATON,  HORACE. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1847. 

AVIIEATON,  LABAN. 

Born  at  Marshfield,  Massachu 
setts,  and  graduated  at  Harvard 


University  in  1774.  He  studied 
both  theology  and  law.  He  was  a 
county  judge,  and  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  1809  to  1817. 
He  died  at  Norton,  Massachusetts, 
March  23,  184G,  aged  ninety-two 
years. 

WHEELER,  GRATTAN  IF. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1831  to  1833. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  the  State 
Assembly,  from  Steuben  County, 
for  four  years,  and  one  year  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Senate. 

WHEELER,  JOHN. 

Born  in  1823,  at  Darby,  Con 
necticut  ;  received  a  good  commer 
cial  education,  and  at  the  age  of 
twenty  entered  the  mercantile  busi 
ness  in  New  York  City;  he  subse 
quently  engaged  in  hotel  keeping, 
which  he  followed  at  the  time  of 
his  election,  and  during  his  service 
as  a  member  of  Congress,  having 
been  a  Representative  from  1853  to 
1855. 

WHUTLE,  THOMAS. 
He  was  bred  a  physician,  and 
served  the  State  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  as  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1821  to  1829.  He  died 
at  Wentworth,  New  Hampshire, 
January  23,  1835,  aged  fifty  years. 

WHITECOMB,  JAMES. 

Was  born  in  1795.  He  removed 
with  his  father  to  Ohio,  in  1806; 
had  a  country  school  education, 
and  prepared  himself  for  college  by 


510 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


teaching  school,  and  graduated  at 
Transylvania  University  with  the 
highest  honors.  He  studied  law, 
and  settled  to  practice  in  Bloom- 
ington,  Indiana,  in  1824.  In  1826 
he  was  appointed  Prosecuting  At 
torney,  and  in  1830  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate,  and 
served  five  years.  He  was  ap 
pointed  Commissioner  of  the  Ge 
neral  Land-office  in  1836;'  and  in 
1841  returned  to  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Terre  Haute,  Indiana. 
In  1843  he  was  chosen  Governor  of 
the  State,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1846.  He  was  elected  a  Senator 
of  the  United  States  in  1849,  which 
position  he  held  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  New  York,  Oc 
tober  4,  1852.  He  was  much  in 
terested  in  the  American  Bible  So 
ciety,  of  which  association  he  was 
vice-president. 

WHITE,  ADDISON. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1851  to  1853. 

WHITE,  ALBERT  S. 

Is  a  native  of  one  of  the  North 
River  Counties  of  New  York,  was 
well  educated,  and  is  a  lawyer  by  pro 
fession,  practicing  in  Lafayette,  In 
diana.  He  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Indiana,  from  1837 
to  1839,  and  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States,  from  1839  to  1845. 
He  has  since  devoted  most  of  his 
time  to  the  railroad  business,  being 
president  of  a  company. 


WHITE,  ALEXANDER, 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress,  from  North  Caro 
lina,  from  1786  to  1788,  and  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress,  from  1789 
to  1793,  and  distinguished  for  his 
eloquence  and  patriotism.  He  died 
at  Woodville,  Virginia,  in  1804, 
aged  sixty-six  years. 

WHITE,  ALEXANDER. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
having  settled  in  Alabama,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1851 
to  1853. 

WHITE,  ALLISON. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
December  21,  1816;  received  a 
common  school  education ;  studied 
law,  and  practiced  his  profession 
for  twelve  years.  He  was  elected 
a  Representative  from  Pennsylva 
nia  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Congress, 
from  the  Fifteenth  Congressional 
District  of  that  State,  and  is  Chair 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Expendi 
tures  on  the  Public  Buildings. 

WHITE,  BARTOW. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1825 
to  1827. 

WHITE,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1843  to  1845. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


-Ml 


WHITE,  CAMPBELL  P. 

lie  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1829  to  1835. 

WHITE,  DAVID. 

He  was  one  of  the  Judges  of 
the  Circuit  Court  of  Kentucky, 
and  represented  that  State  in  Con 
gress,  from  1823  to  1825.  He 
died  in  Franklin  County,  Ken 
tucky,  February  17,  1835,  aged 
fifty  years. 

WHITE,  EDWARD  D. 
Governor   of   Louisiana,  and   a  j 
Representative   in   Congress,  from  \ 
that  State,  from  1829  to  1834,  and 
again    from    1839   to    1843.      His 
popularity  was  great,  and  well  de 
served.     He  died  in  New  Orleans, 
April  18,  1847. 

WHITE,  FRANCIS. 
He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,    from    Virginia,   his    native 
State,  from  1813  to  1815. 

WHITE,  HUGH. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  fol 
lowed  the  plough  until  he  was 
nineteen  years  of  age,  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
his  native  State,  from  1845  to  1851. 

WHITE,  HUGH  LAWSON. 
He  was  born  in  Iredell  County, 
North  Carolina,  October  30,  1773; 
removed  with  his  father  to  Knox 
County,  Tennessee,  in  1786;  volun 
teered  as  a  private  soldier  during 
the  Indian  hostilities  in  1792.  In 
1794  he  went  to  Philadelphia,  and 


pursued  a  course  of  mathematical 
studies,  and  then  went  to  Lancas 
ter,  Pennsylvania,  and  studied  law. 
He  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Knoxville,  in  1796. 
In  1801  he  was  appointed  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State, 
and  served  until  1807.  In  1808  he 
was  appointed  District  Attorney, 
and  in  1809  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate ;  he  again  served  six 
years  in  the  Supreme  Court  as 
Judge,  and  in  1815  was  chosen 
President  of  the  State  Bank  of 
Tennessee.  In  1820  he  was  again 
a  member  of  the  State  Senate,  and 
about  that  time  was  appointed,  by 
President  Monroe,  a  Commissioner 
to  adjust  the  claims  of  our  citizens 
against  Spain.  He  was  elected  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1825  to 
1835,  and  from  1836  to  1840. 
At  the  election  for  Vice-Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States,  in 
183(5,  he  received  all  the  votes 
(twenty-six)  of  Georgia  and  Ten 
nessee.  He  resigned  his  seat  in 
the  Senate  in  1839,  having  received 
instructions  to  vote  against  his  own 
judgment.  Soon  after  reaching  his 
home,  in  Knoxville,  he  died,  April 
10,  1840. 

WHITE,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Tennessee,  from  1792 
to  1794. 

WHITE,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  1805 ;  served 
from  1835  to  1845,  as  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  and  was  Speak 
er  of  the  House  during  the  Twenty- 


512 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


seventh  Congress.  He  was  Judge 
of  the  Nineteenth  Judicial  District 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  at  Richmond,  Kentucky, 
September  22,  1845. 

WHITE,  JOSEPH  L. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Indiana,  from  1841  to 
1843. 

WHITE,  JOSEPH  M. 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  Congress, 
from  the  Territory  of  Florida,  from 
1823  to  1837,  and  died  at  St.  Louis, 
Missouri,  October  18, 1839,  while  on 
a  visit  to  his  brother.  He  was  an 
eminent  lawyer,  and  noted  for  his 
eloquence  and  acquirements. 

WHITE,  LEONARD. 

Born  in  Haverhill,  Massachusetts, 
in  176-7.  He  was  a  fellow-student 
of  John  Quincy  Adams,  under  the 
tuition  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Shaw,  of 
Haverhill,  and  at  Harvard  they 
were  of  the  class  of  1787.  He  was 
for  many  years  town  clerk  and  trea 
surer,  and  represented  his  town  in 
the  Legislature,  and  his  district  in 
Congress,  from  1811  to  1813,  and 
then  he  was  appointed  cashier  of 
the  Merrimack  Bank,  which  office  he 
held  until  the  infirmities  of  age 
obliged  him  to  retire.  He  died  in 
Haverhill,  October  10,  1849. 

WHITE,  PHINEAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Yermont,  from  1821  to 
1823. 


WHITE,  SAMUEL. 

Was  a  United  States  Senator, 
from  Delaware,  from  1801  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  at  Wilming 
ton,  Delaware,  November  4,  1809, 
aged  thirty-nine  years. 

WHITEHILL,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1813 
to  1814. 

WHITEIIILL,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1803 
to  1807. 

WHITE  HILL,   ROBERT. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1805 
to  1813. 

WHITELEY,  WILLIAM  G. 

Born  in  Newark,  New  Castle 
County,  Delaware ;  graduated  at 
Nassau  Hall,  Princeton,  in  1838. 
He  is  a  lawyer  by  profession,  and 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  serving  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture. 
He  has  been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress. 

WHITESIDE,  JENKINS. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1809  to  1811, 
and  died  September  24,  1822. 

WHITESIDE,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1815 
to  1819. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


WHITMAN,  EZEKIKT.. 

Born  in  East  Bridgewater,  Mas 
sachusetts,  March  11,  17TG;  gra 
duated  at  Brown  University  in 
1705;  settled  as  a  lawyer  in  the 
District  of  Maine,  in  1798  ;  he  was 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas, 
and  also  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Maine,  presiding  as  such  for  twenty- 
five  years  ;  and  was  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  Massachu 
setts,  from  1809  to  1811,  and  from 
1817  to  1821;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  Maine, 
from  1821  to  1823.  He  is  still  living 
in  the  enjoyment  of  a  happy  old  age. 


WHITMAN,  LEMUKL. 

Tie  was  a  graduate  of  Yale  Col 
lege  in  1 800 ;  was  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Connecticut,  from 
1823  to  1824;  and  died  at  Farm- 
ington,  November  18,  1841. 


WHITNEY,  THOMAS  R. 

He  was  born  in  Xew  York  City, 
in  1804;   served  two  years  in  the 
Assembly  of  that  State ;  and  was  a  ] 
Representative   in  Congress,  from  ! 
Xew  York,  from  1855  to  1857.   He 
devoted  much  of  his  life  to  literary  i 
pursuits,  having  been  at  one  time 
editor  of  the   New  York  Sunday 
News,  and  was  the  author  of  a  poem 
called  the  "Ambuscade,"  and  a  po 
litical  work   entitled    "  The   Ame 
rican  Policy  Vindicated."    He  died 
April  12,  1858. 
33 


WHITTEMORE,  ELISTIA. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1825 
to  1827. 

WHITTLESEY,  ELISHA. 

He   was    born   in   Washington, 

Connecticut,  October  19,  1783;  he 
spent  a  part  of  his  boyhood  on  a 
farm  ;  received  an  academical  edu 
cation  ;  studied  law;  and  in  1806 
removed  to  the  Western  Reserve  of 
Ohio,  from  which  district  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1823  to  1839.  He  served  in  the 
war  of  1812,  as  aid-de-camp  to 
General  E.  Wadsworth  ;  was  for 
sixteen  years  a  Prosecuting  Attor 
ney,  and  was  elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  in  1820  and  1821.  He- 
was  appointed,  by  President  Harri 
son,  Auditor  for  the  Post-office  De 
partment,  and,  by  President  Taylor, 
was  appointed  First  Comptroller  of 
the  Treasury,  which  office  he  con 
tinued  to  hold  until  the  accession  of 
President  Buchanan. 

WHITTLESEY,  FREDERICK. 

He  was  born  in  Washington,  Con 
necticut,  in  June,  1799;  graduated 
at  Yale  College  in  1818;  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Utica,  New  York,  in  1821 ;  settled 
in  Rochester  in  1822;  was  a  Re 
presentative  in  Congress  from  1831 
to  1835;  in  1839  he  was  chosen 
Vice-Chancellor  of  the  Eighth  Ju 
dicial  District  of  New  York,  and 
retained  the  office  eight  years ;  he 


514 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


was  also  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State,  and  in  1850  he 
was  elected  Professor  of  Law  in 
Genesee  College.  He  died  in  Ro 
chester,  New  York,  September  19, 
1851. 

WHITTLESEY,  THOMAS  T. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut ; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1817, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  his  native  State,  from 
1836  to  1839. 

WHITTLESEY,   VV.  A. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut; 
graduated  at  Yale  College  ;  studied 
law,  and  settled  to  practice  in  Ohio, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1849 
to  1851. 

WICK,  WILLIAM  W. 

Born  in  Canonsburg,  Washington 
County,  Pennsylvania,  February 
23,  1796.  He  received  a  classical 
education,  and  was  pursuing  a  col 
legiate  course  when  the  death  of  his 
father  threw  him  upon  his  own  re 
sources  ;  he  then  followed  the  occu 
pation  of  a  teacher,  and  devoted  his 
leisure  hours  to  the  study  of  medi 
cine  until  1818,  when  he  was  induced 
to  adopt  the  law  as  his  profession, 
and  prosecuted  his  studies  with  the 
Hon.  Thomas  Corwin,  and  located, 
for  practice,  in  Fayette  County,  In 
diana,  in  1820.  He  was  that  year 
Assistant  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  and  in  1821  Assis 
tant  Secretary  of  the  State  Senate ; 


in  1822  he  was  chosen  President 
Judge  of  the  Fifth  Judicial  Circuit, 
and  in  1825  became  Secretary  of 
State;  in  1829  he  was  Attorney 
for  the  State,  in  the  same  circuit, 
from  which  office  he  retired  in  1831, 
and  was  again  President  Judge  for 
three  years;  in  1839  he  was  elected 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  and 
again  in  1845  and  1847;  in  1850 
he  was  again  chosen  President 
Judge,  and  from  1853  to  1857, 
Postmaster  at  Indianapolis.  He 
had  served  in  the  militia  of  the 
State  as  brigadier-general,  quarter 
master,  and  adjutant-general.  In 
1857  he  resumed  the  practice  of  the 
legal  profession. 

WICKES,  ELIPHALET. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1805 
to  1807. 

WICKLIFFE,  CHARLES  A. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky ;  was 
educated  at  the  Bardstown  gram 
mar  school ;  studied  law,  and  at 
tained  a  high  position  at  the  bar. 
In  1812  he  was  appointed  aid-de 
camp  to  General  Winlock,  and  dur 
ing  the  same  year  was  elected  to 
the  State  Legislature,  and  re-elected 
in  1813.  He  was  at  the  battle  of 
the  Thames,  as  aid  to  General  Cald- 
well,  after  which  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  Legislature,  where  he 
continued  until  elected  to  Congress, 
from  Kentucky,  in  1823,  and  to 
which  he  was  four  times  re-elected. 
He  was  for  several  sessions  Chair- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


man  of  the  Committee  on  Public 
Lands.  On  his  retirement  from  j 
Congress,  in  1333,  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  Legislature,  and  was 
Speaker  in  1S34;  in  1S36  he 
was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
Kentucky  ;  on  the  death  of  Gover 
nor  Clark,  in  1839,  he  became  act 
ing  Governor,  and  in  1841  was 
appointed  Postmaster-General,  by 
President  Tyler. 

WlDfJKIlY,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1811  to  1813. 

WIUU-R,  ISAAC. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Rhode  Island,  from 
1807  to  1809. 

WILCOX,  JEDUTHUN. 

Born  in  New  Hampshire,  in 
1709,  and  died  at  Orford,  New 
Hampshire,  in  July,  1838.  He 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1813  to  1817. 

WILCOX,  JOHN  A. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  on  removing  to  Mississippi, 
was  elected  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  that  State,  from 
1851  to  1853. 

WILCOX,  LEONARD. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  Hamp 
shire  ;  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College,  in  1817  ;  was  a  member  of 


the  State  Legislature  ;  was  a  Judge 
of  the  Superior  Court;  and  was  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  during  the  years  1842 
and  1843.  He  died  in  1850,  aged 
fifty  years. 

WILDE,  UICFIARD  HENHY. 

He  was  born  in  the  City  of  Dub 
lin,  September  24,  1789.  His 
childhood  was  passed  in  Baltimore. 
His  father  having  died,  he  obtained 
the  rudiments  of  learning  from  his 
mother  and  a  private  tutor,  and  in 
his  eleventh  year  was  placed  as  a 
clerk  in  a  store  ;  in  1802  he  went 
with  his  mother  to  Augusta,  Geor 
gia,  and  the  twain  obtained  a  living 
by  merchandizing,  in  a  small  way. 
the  boy  devoting  all  his  leisure 
to  books.  Under  many  difficulties 
he  studied  law,  and  practiced  with 
success ;  also  devoted  himself  to 
polite  literature ;  as  an  advocate 
he  rose  to  eminence ;  was  made 
Attorney-General  of  Georgia;  and, 
in  1815,  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
was  re-elected  in  1823,  and  again 
in  1827,  serving  with  marked  ability 
until  1835.  After  leaving  Con 
gress  he  visited  Europe,  and  on  his 
return  devoted  himself  to  litera 
ture,  politics,  and  law.  In  1843  he 
removed  to  New  Orleans,  where  he 
added  to  his  reputation  as  a  lawyer, 
and  was  elected  Professor  of  Con 
stitutional  Law  in  the  University 
of  Louisiana.  He  died  in  New  Or 
leans,  September  10,  1847,  leaving 
a  reputation  composed  of  the  ele- 


516 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


ments  of  the  statesman,  the  orator, 
and  the  poet.  One  of  his  lyrics,  en 
titled  "My  Life  is  Like  a  Summer 
Rose,"  attracted  the  praise  of  Lord 
Byron.  His  literary  productions 
were  quite  numerous,  and  they  all 
bear  the  impress  of  a  gifted  and 
highly  educated  mind.  His  princi 
pal  work  was  a  "  Life  of  Tasso," 
which  evinced  his  familiarity  with 
Italian  literature,  and  gave  him  a 
rank  among  the  best  scholars. 

W1LDMAN,  ZALMON. 

He  was  from  Danbury,  Connecti 
cut,  and  was  elected  a  Representa 
tive  in  Congress,  from  that  State, 
from  1835  to  1836.  He  died  at 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
December  10,  1835,  before  the  ex 
piration  of  his  term. 

WILDRICK,  ISAAC. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in^  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1849  to  1853. 

WILEY,  JAMES  S. 

He  was  born  in  Maine,  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1847  to  1849. 

WILKIN,  JAMES  W. 

Born  in  1762  ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Legislature  of  New  York,  in 
1800,  and  held  many  other  places  in 
the  gift  of  his  fellow-citizens,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 


from  1815  to  1819.  He  died  at 
Goshen,  New  York,  February  23, 
1845. 

WILKIN,  SAMUEL  J. 

He  was  born  in  New  York  ;  gra 
duated  at  Princeton  College  in 
1812,  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  New  York,  from 
1831  to  1833  ;  having  been  in  the 
State  Assembly,  from  Orange 
County,  in  1824  and  1825. 

WILKINS,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1831  to 
1834,  and  was  subsequently  ap 
pointed  American  Minister  Pleni 
potentiary  to  Russia. 

WILLEY,  CALVIN. 

Born  at  East  Haddam,  Connec 
ticut,  September  15,  177 0  ;  he  read 
law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1798  ;  he  served  in  the  State  Legis 
lature  and  Senate  a  number  of 
years,  and  was  Postmaster  at  Staf 
ford  Springs  eight  years ;  Judge 
of  Probate  for  seven  years ;  in  1824 
he  was  a  Presidential  Elector  ;  and 
a  Senator  in  Congress,  from  1825 
to  1831.  He  died  at  Stafford, 
Connecticut,  August  23,  1858. 

WILLIAM,  BENJAMIN. 

He  was  a  native  of  North  Caro 
lina,  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution, 
and  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
1793  to  1795.  He  also  served 
many  years  in  the  State  Legisla- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


51' 


ture,  and  was  twice  elected  Gover 
nor  of  North  Carolina,  in  1790  and 
1807.  He  died  in  Moore  County, 
of  that  Stute.  N 

WILLIAMS,  CHRISTOPHER  H. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1843, 
and  again  from  1849  to  18">3. 

WILLIAMS.  DAVID  R. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1805  to  1809,  and  again  from  1811 
to  1813,  in  which  year,  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Madison,  bri 
gadier-general. 

WILLIAMS,  HKNRV. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1839 
to  1845. 

WILLIAMS,  HEZEKIAH. 

He  was  born  in  Vermont,  gra 
duated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1820  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Maine,  from  1845 
to  1849.  He  died  in  1856,  aged 
fifty-eight  years. 

WILLIAMS,  ISAAC. 

He  was  a  native  of  New  York, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1814 
to  1815,  and  from  1817  to  1819, 
and  again  from  1823  to  1825. 


WILLIAMS,  JAMES  W. 

While  on  his  way  to  Washing 
ton,  December  2,  1843,  he  was 
stricken  with  paralysis,  while  in  his 
carriage,  and  survived  the  attack 
but  a  short  time.  His  age  was 
about  fifty-five  years.  He  was  a 
native  of  Maryland,  and  was  for 
many  years  a  prominent  member  of 
the  Legislature  of  that  State,  being 
for  a  time  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Delegates.  In  May,  1841,  he 
was  elected  to  Congress,  and  con 
tinued  a  member  of  that  body  un 
til  the  time  of  his  death.  As  a 
faithful  public  servant,  a  sagacious 
statesman,  and  an  upright  man,  he 
commanded  the  confidence  of  his 
neighbors,  and  the  esteem  and  re 
spect  of  all  who  knew  him. 

WILLIAMS,  .TARED. 
He  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Maryland,  March  4,  17<!(>, 
and  died  in  Frederick  County,  Vir 
ginia,  January  2,  1831.  In  1811 
he  was  elected  to  the  House  of 
Delegates  of  Virginia,  and  served 
a  number  of  years  ;  and  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Virginia,  from  1819  to  1825.  In 
1829  he  was  a  Presidential  Elector, 
voting  for  General  Jackson,  and 
was  appointed,  by  the  Electoral 
College,  to  transmit  the  vote  to 
Washington.  When  not  in  public 
life,  he  was  devoted  to  the  pursuits 
of  agriculture. 

WILLIAMS,  JARED  W. 
He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 


518 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


gress,  from  that  State,  from  1837  to 
1841 ;  and  a  Senator  from  1847  to 
1849. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Senate,  from  im  to  1779, 
and  from  1783  to  1795,  from  Wash 
ington  County ;  of  the  Assembly, 
from  1781  to  1782;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
York,  from  1795  to  1799. 

WILLIAMS,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Tennessee,  from  1815  to  1823, 
and  was  highly  respected  for  his 
talents  and  character.  He  died  at 
Knoxville,  August  7,  1837. 

WILLIAMS,  JOSEPH  L. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1843. 

WILLIAMS,  LEMUEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Massachusetts,  from 
1799  to  1805. 

WILLIAMS,  LEWIS. 

Born  in  Surry  County,  North 
Carolina;  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  North  Carolina,  in  1808  ; 
entered  the  House  of  Commons,  of 
his  native  State,  in  1813,  was  re- 
elected  in  1814;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  1815  to 
1842,  where,  for  his  many  good 


qualities  and  his  long  service,  he 
was  known  as  the  "  Father  of  the 
House."  He  died  in  Washington, 
while  representing  his  State  in  Con 
gress,  February  23,  1842,  aged 
nearly  sixty  years. 

WILLIAMS,   MARMADUKE. 

Born  April  6,  1772,  in  Caswell 
County,  North  Carolina  ;  he  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession,  and  served  as 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
his  native  State,  from  1803  to  1809. 
In  1810  he  removed,  with  his  family, 
to  Madison  County,  Alabama,  and 
thence  to  Tuscaloosa,  in  1818.  He 
was  repeatedly  elected  to  the  Legis 
lature,  and  was  a  delegate,  from  Tus 
caloosa  County,  to  the  Convention 
which  formed  the  State  Constitu 
tion.  Was  a  candidate  for  Gover 
nor,  but  defeated  by  William  W. 
Bibb.  In  1826  was  appointed  a 
Commissioner  to  adjust  the  unset 
tled  accounts  between  Alabama  and 
Mississippi,  growing  out  of  their 
territorial  relationship.  In  1832 
was  elected  Judge  of  the  County 
Court,  which  office  he  held  until 
April,  1842,  when  he  resigned, 
having  attained  the  age  of  seventy, 
which  the  Constitution  declares  a 
disqualification  for  the  bench.  He 
died  in  Tuscaloosa,  October  29, 
1850. 

WILLIAMS,  NATHAN. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ; 
served  in  the  State  Assembly,  from 
Onondaga,  in  1816,  1817,  and  1818, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


510 


press,  from  New  York,  from  1805  to 
1807. 

WILLIAMS,   UEt'EL. 

Born  in  Hallowoll,  (now  Augus 
ta,)  Maine,  June  2,  1783;    had  an 
academic  education,  and  is  a  lawyer  , 
by   profession.     He  was  a  Bepre-  I 
sentative  and  Senator  in  the  Legis 
lature,  and  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from   1S37  to  1843.     He  received 
from  Bowdoin  College  the  degree 
of  LL.D.,  and  is  a  Trustee  of  that 
institution. 

WILLIAMS,   110BUKT. 

He  was  distinguished  for  his  at 
tainments  ;    was   Adjutant-General 
of  North  Carolina  during  the  revo 
lutionary   war;    and   a   Bepresen- 
tative  in   Congress,  from    1797  to  ! 
1803,  and  was  appointed  Coramis-  \ 
sioner  of  Land  Titles  in   Missouri 
Territory.     He  emigrated  to  Ten 
nessee  toward  the  close  of  his  life, 
and  there  died. 

WILLIAMS,  SIIEHROU. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1835  to  1841. 

WILLIAMS,  THOMAS   II. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Mississippi,  from  1817  to  1831, 
and  again  during  the  years  1838 
and  1839. 

WILLIAMS,  THOMAS  SCOTT. 

Born  at  Wethersfield,  Connecti 
cut,  June  20,  1777  ;  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1794;  studied  law 


at  Litchfield;  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  Windham  County,  in   1799, 
and  commenced  to  practice  at  Mans 
field,  whence  he  removed  to  Hart 
ford  in  1803.     In  1809  he  was  ap 
pointed  attorney  of  the   Board  of 
Managers  of  the  School  Fund.   He 
represented  the  town  of  Hartford 
in  the  General  Assembly  for  seven 
terms,  from  1813  to  1829;  and  was 
elected   a   Bepresentative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Connecticut,  from  1817 
to  1819.   In  1829  he  was  appointed 
an  Associate  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Errors,  and  in   1834  was 
appointed  Chief   Justice;    and   in 
the  same  year  he  received  the  de 
gree  of  LL.D.  from  Yale  College. 
He  was  Mayor  of  the  City  of  Hart 
ford,  from  1831  to  1835.     In  1847 
he  resigned  his  position  as  Chief 
Justice,  his  term  having  expired  by 
constitutional  limitation.    He  is  now 
living  in  retirement  at  Hartford. 

WILLIAMS,  THOMAS  W. 

Born  in  Stonington,  Connecticut, 
September  28,  1790;  was  educated 
atPlainlieldand  Stonington  Acade 
mies  ;  received  a  commercial  educa 
tion  in  New  York  City,  and  has 
been  engaged  in  mercantile  business 
at  New  London,  Connecticut,  since 
1809.  He  was  a  Bepresentative  in 
Congress,  from  1839  to  1843;  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  in  1846, 
and  chosen  Presidential  Elector  in 
1848. 

WILLIAMSON,  HUGH. 

Born  in  Pennsylvania,  December 
5,  1735,  and  died  suddenly,  May 


520 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


22,  1819.  He  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1757  ; 
studied  divinity,  and  preached  two 
years  ;  in  17 GO  was  appointed  Pro 
fessor  of  Mathematics  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania ;  resigned 
in  1764,  and  went  to  Edinburgh  to 
study  medicine ;  on  his  return,  in 
1772,  settled  to  practice  his  profes 
sion  in  Philadelphia;  he  again  vi 
sited  Europe,  and  had  much  to  do 
with  matters  connected  with  the 
Revolution ;  he  subsequently  en 
gaged  in  commercial  pursuits,  and 
an  accident  took  him  to  Edenton, 
North  Carolina.  With  that  State 
he  was  long  and  honorably  identi 
fied.  He  served  a  number  of  years 
in  the  House  of  Commons  ;  also  for 
three  years  in  the  Continental  Con 
gress  ;  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Con 
vention  which  formed  the  Constitu 
tion  of  the  United  States ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1790  to  1793.  In  1811  he  publish 
ed  a  work  on  the  climate  of  Ame 
rica,  in  1812  a  History  of  North 
Carolina ;  and  he  was  associated 
with  De  Witt  Clinton,  in  1814,  in 
forming  the  Literary  and  Philoso 
phical  Society  of  New  York.  He 
enjoyed  the  respect  of  all  who  knew 
him,  and  died  universally  lamented. 

WILLIAMSON,  WILLIAM  D. 

Born  in  1780  ;  studied  and  adopt 
ed  the  law  as  a  profession,  com 
mencing  practice,  in  1807,  at  Ban- 
gor ;  he  was  for  several  years  in  the 
Senate  of  Massachusetts,  before  the 
separation  of  Maine ;  also  a  Sena 


tor  in  the  Maine  Legislature  ;  a 
member  of  Congress  from  1821  to 
1823  ;  and  a  Judge  of  Probate  for 
several  years.  He  was  the  author, 
also,  of  a  History  of  Maine.  Died 
at  Bangor,  May  27,  1846. 

WILLIS,  FRANCIS. 

He  was  born  in  Frederick  Coun 
ty,  Virginia,  January  5,  1825;  re 
ceived  a  good  education ;  and,  re 
moving  to  Georgia  in  1784,  he  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1791  to  1793.  In 
1811  he  took  up  his  residence  in 
Tennessee,  and  led  the  life  of  a  re 
tired  gentleman.  He  died  in  Maury 
County,  Tennessee,  January  25, 
1829. 

WILLOUGHBY,  WESTEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1816 
to  1817. 

WILMOT,  DAVID. 

Born  at  Bethany,  Wayne  Coun 
ty,  Pennsylvania,  January  20,  1814. 
He  was  educated  at  Bethany  Aca 
demy,  and  at  Aurora,  Cayuga 
County,  New  York ;  read  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1 834 ; 
he  was  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
1845  to  1851  ;  and  subsequently 
President  Judge  of  the  Thirteenth 
Judicial  District  of  Pennsylvania, 
which  position  he  resigned,  but  to 
which  he  was  re-elected.  He  re 
sides  at  Towanda,  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  slavery 
proviso  which  caused  some  excite- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


521 


ment  in  Congress  when  he  was  a 
member. 

WILSON,   ALEXANDER. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1804  to 
1809. 

WILSON,  E.  C. 

He  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1833  to  1835. 

WILSON,  K.  K. 

He  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1789,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Maryland, 
from  1827  to  1831. 

WILSON,  HENRY. 

He  was   born  in    Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1823  j 
to  1826. 

WILSON,  HENRY. 

Born  in  Farmington,  New  Hamp 
shire,  February  10,  1812;  was 
brought  up  a  farmer ;  went  to  Bos 
ton  when  twenty-two  years  of  age, 
and  learned  to  make  shoes ;  at  the 
age  of  twenty-four  years  attended 
several  leading  academies  in  New 
Hampshire;  commenced  business  at 
Natick,  as  a  shoe  manufacturer,  in 
1838  ;  served  eight  years  in  the  two 
branches  of  the  Massachusetts  Le 
gislature,  twice  President  of  the 
Senate  ;  in  1853  was  a  member  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention,  and 
part  of  the  time  President  of  that 


body  ;  and  was  elected  to  the  Uni 
ted  States  Senate  in  1855,  where  he 
still  remains.  From  1842  to  1853 
he  took  a  great  interest  in  the  mili 
tary  affairs  of  the  State,  and  from  a 
major  was  promoted  to  a  brigadier- 
general  ;  and  he  was  also  a  delegate 
to  the  Whig  Convention  of  1848, 
and  to  the  Free-Soil  National  Con 
vention  at  Pittsburg,  in  1852.  He 
has  recently  been  re-elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate. 

WILSON,  ISAAC. 

During  the  war  of  1812  he  com 
manded  a  company  of  cavalry,  and 
was  in  some  of  the  severest  actions 
on  the  Northern  frontier.  He  was 
subsequently  elected  a  member  of 
the  Assembly  of  New  York,  and 
also  of  the  Senate.  He  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
in  1823,  and  at  the  end  of  his  term 
was  appointed  first  Judge  of  Gene- 
see  County,  and  held  it  until  his 
removal  to  Batavia,  Illinois,  where 
he  died  October  25,  1848. 

WILSON,  JAMES. 

Born  in  1757 ;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  University  in  1789;  was  a 
lawyer  by  profession  ;  and  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  New 
Hampshire,  from  1809  to  1811. 
He  died  at  Keene,  New  Hampshire, 
January  4,  1839. 

WILSON,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1823  to  1828. 


522 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


WILSON,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1847 
to  1849. 

WILSON,  JAMES. 

He  was  born  in  Crawfordsville, 
Montgomery  County,  Indiana, 
April  9,  1852;  graduated  at  Wa- 
bash  College  in  1842;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1845;  went  to  Mexico 
in  1846  as  a  private  in  the  Indiana 
Regiment,  and  before  his  return 
home  was  promoted  to  the  office  of 
quartermaster;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  from  Indiana  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  Elec 
tions.  He  has  also  been  re-elected 
to  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress. 

WILSON,  JAMES    J. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  New  Jersey,  from  1815  to 
1821,  when  he  was  appointed  Post 
master  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey. 
He  died  July  28,  1824. 


WILSON,  JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  1771 ;  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1799 ; 
studied  law,  and  attained  a  high  po 
sition  in  his  profession  ;  and  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Massachusetts,  from  1813  to  1815, 
and  from  1817  to  1819.  He  died 
at  Belfast,  Maine,  July  9,  1848. 


WILSON,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina,  and  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1821  to 
1827. 

WILSON,  NATHAN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1808 
to  1809. 

WILSON,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Virginia,  from  1811  to 
1813. 

WILSON,  THOMAS. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1813 
to  1817. 

WILSON,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1814 
to  1819. 

WILSON,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1823  to 

1827. 

WING,  AUSTIN  E. 

He  was  born  in  New  York ;  was 
a  Delgate  to  Congress,  from  the 
Territory  of  Michigan,  in  1832  ; 
resided  at  Monroe,  and  was  for 
many  years  a  leading  man  in  all  its 
local  affairs.  He  died  at  Cleve 
land,  Ohio,  August  25,  1849. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


WINGATE,  J.  F. 

He  was  born  in  Massachusetts, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Maine,  from  1827  to 
is.'Jl. 


WINGATE,  PAINE. 

He  was  born  at  Amesbury,  Mas 
sachusetts,  May  14,  1739;  gra 
duated  at  Harvard  University  in 
1750;  ordained  as  a  Congrega 
tional  minister  at  Hampton  Falls,  i 
New  Hampshire,  in  17G.'J;  and  ' 
afterwards  removed  to  Stratham, 
and  engaged  in  agricultural  pur 
suits.  He  was  appointed  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress  under  the  Con 
federation  in  1787;  after  the  adop-  , 
tion  of  the  Constitution,  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  United 
States  Senate,  in  1780,  and  served 
till  1703,  when  he  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  in  17 93, 
serving  until  1795.  In  1798  he 
was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Su 
perior  Court  of  New  Hampshire, 
and  continued  in  office  till  May,  ' 
1809,  when  he  attained  the  age  of 
seventy.  He  survived  all  others 
who  were  members  of  the  United 
States  Senate  at  the  time  of  his 
taking  his  seat  in  that  body  upon  its 
first  organization ;  and  he  was  for 
some  years  the  oldest  graduate  of 
his  college.  He  was  a  man  of 
talents  and  extensive  information; 
highly  esteemed  and  respected  for 
his  character,  and  his  honorable  and 
useful  life.  He  died  at  Stratham, 
New  Hampshire,  March  7,  1838. 


WINSLOW,   WAUREN. 

He  was  born  in  Fayetteville, 
North  Carolina,  January  1,  1S10; 
entered  Chapel  Hill  University,  and 
graduated  in  1827  ;  having  studied 
law,  was  soon  afterwards  admitted 
to  the  bar.  In  1854  he  was  ap 
pointed,  by  President  Pierce,  a  con 
fidential  agent  to  Madrid,  on  busi 
ness  connected  with  the  Black 
Warrior  affair  ;  during  his  absence 
abroad  he  was  nominated  for  the 
Senate  of  North  Carolina,  was 
elected  a  member  thereof,  and  placed 
in  the  chair  of  Speaker ;  while  in 
that  position,  Governor  Reid  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
and  the  duties  of  Governor  devolved 
upon  and  were  performed  by  Mr. 
Winslow.  He  was  elected,  in  1855, 
to  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress,  serv- 
on  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs ; 
and  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth  Congress,  and  is  a  member  of 
the  Committees  on  Naval  Affairs 
and  on  the  Library.  He  was  of 
fered,  by  President  Buchanan,  the 
mission  to  Sardinia,  but  declined. 

WINSTON,  JOSEPH. 

Born  in  Virginia,  in  1740.  In 
17 GO  joined  a  company  of  rangers, 
and  marched  to  the  frontier  of  the 
State ;  in  a  battle  on  the  Green- 
brier,  was  twice  wounded,  and  had 
a  horse  killed  under  him  ;  had  a 
pension  granted  to  him  by  the  Le 
gislature,  for  his  gallantry  in  battle  ; 
in  17GG  removed  to  North  Caro 
lina  ;  took  an  active  part  in  the 


524 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Revolution ;  raised  a  regiment,  and 
marched  against  the  Cherokee  In 
dians  ;  was  appointed  a  major  in 
1776,  and  had  various  actions  with 
the  forces  of  the  Tories ;  commanded 
the  right  wing  of  the  American 
troops  in  the  battle  of  King's  Moun 
tain,  and  for  his  bravery  had  a  sword 
voted  to  him  by  the  Legislature ; 
was  elected  to  Congress  in  1793, 
and  again  in  1803,  and  served  till 
1807. 

WINTER,  ELISHA  J. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1813 
to  1815. 

WINTHROP,  ROBERT  C. 

Born  in  Boston,  Massachusetts, 
May  12,  1809;  graduated  at  Har 
vard  College  in  1828  ;  and  studied 
law  with  Daniel  Webster.  He 
entered  the  Legislature  of  Massa 
chusetts  in  1835,  and  was  Speaker 
of  the  House  from  1838  to  1840; 
was  a  member  of  the  United  States 
House  of  Representatives,  from 
1840  to  1842,  when  he  resigned  on 
account  of  domestic  circumstances, 
but  was  re-elected  the  same  year, 
and  continued  in  that  body  until 
1850,  having  been  Speaker  during 
the  session  commencing  in  1847. 
He  was  appointed  to  the  Senate  of 
the  United  States  to  fill  the  va 
cancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation 
of  Mr.  Webster,  and  served  from 
1850  to  1851.  He  was  President 
of  the  Electoral  College' of  Massa 
chusetts  which  voted  for  General 


Scott ;  and  is  President  of  the  His 
torical  Society  of  Massachusetts, 
and  other  literary  and  charitable 
associations ;  also  President  of  the 
Commissioners  chosen  by  the  City 
of  Boston  for  building  a  Public 
Library.  He  delivered  the  Inaugu 
ral  of  the  Franklin  Statue  in  1856, 
and  also  that  of  the  Washington 
Monument  in  1848. 

WISE,  HENRY  A. 

Born  December  3,  1806,  in 
Drummond  Town,  Accomac  Coun 
ty,  Virginia ;  graduated  at  Wash 
ington  College,  Pennsylvania,  at 
the  age  of  nineteen ;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Winchester,  Virginia,  in  1828  ;  the 
same  year  removed  to  Nashville, 
Tennessee,  and  practiced  his  pro 
fession  for  two  years,  when,  from 
local  attachment,  he  returned  to 
Accomac,  and  became  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  serving  from 
1833  to  1843,  when  he  resigned  his 
seat  for  the  mission  to  Brazil,  which 
post  he  occupied  until  the  fall  of 
1847.  In  1848  he  was  one  of  the 
Presidential  Electors  for  Virginia. 
In  1850  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Reform  Convention  of  Virginia, 
which  adopted  the  present  Consti 
tution  of  the  State.  In  1852  he 
was  again  Presidential  Elector ; 
and  in  1855  was  elected  Governor 
of  Virginia,  which  office  he  now 
holds. 

WITHERELL,  JAMES. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Vermont,  during  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


years  1807  and  1808,  and  was  in  ;  State,  from  1813  to  1815.  He  died 
the  latter  year  appointed  Federal  at  Belfast,  Maine,  November,  1834, 
Judge  in  Michigan  Territory.  aged  sixty-two  years. 


wmiKRsrooN,  ROBERT. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1809  to  1S11. 

WITTE,  WILLIAM   It. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
having  settled  in  Pennsylvania,  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  1853  to  1855. 

WOLF,  GEORGE. 

He  was  born  in  Allen  Township, 
Northampton  County,  Pennsylva 
nia,  August  12,  1777.  After  pur 
suing  a  course  of  classical  education 
in  his  own  county,  he  studied  law, 
became  eminent,  and  engaged  in  a 
lucrative  practice.  In  1814  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
of  his  native  State;  and  he  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Pennsylvania,  from  1824  to  1829; 
Governor  of  that  State  from  1829 
to  1835  ;  in  1836  was  appointed 
First  Comptroller  of  the  United 
States  Treasury  ;  and,  subsequently, 
Collector  of  Customs  for  Philadel 
phia,  in  which  city  he  died  of  an 
affection  of  the  heart,  March  14, 
1840. 

WOOD,  ABIEL. 

He  was  a  distinguished  merchant 
of  Wiscasset,  Massachusetts,  and  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  that 


WOOD,  AMOS  E. 

Born  in  Jefferson  County,  New 
York,  in  1800;  he  removed  with 
his  father,  in  1812,  to  Portage 
County,  Ohio.  In  1833  he  settled 
permanently  in  Woodville,  Sandus- 
ky  County ;  he  twice  represented 
his  district  in  the  lower  branch  of 
the  Legislature,  and  once  for  a  term 
of  two  years,  in  the  State  Senate ; 
and  was  elected  a  Representative 
in  Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1850 
to  1852.  He  died  in  Fort  Wayne, 
Indiana,  November  19,  1850. 

WOOD,  BRADFORD  R. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1845  to 
1847. 

WOOD,   FERNANDO. 

Born  in  Philadelphia  in  1812, 
and  from  the  humble  employment 
of  a  cigar-maker,  he  rose  to  the  po 
sition  of  clerk  in  a  counting-house, 
and  was  for  many  years  a  ship 
owner  and  successful  merchant  in 
New  York.  He  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  1841  to 
1843,  and  in  1854  was  elected 
Mayor  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
and  re-elected. 

WOOD,  JOHN  j. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1827 
to  1829. 


520 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


WOOD,  JOHN  M. 

He  was  born  in  Minnisink, 
Orange  County,  New  York,  No 
vember  17,  1813;  received  a  good 
common  school  education;  was  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  of  Maine  ; 
and  has  for  years  been  occupied  as 
a  constructor  of  railroads  and  other 
public  works.  He  was  elected,  in 
1854,  a  Representative,  from  Maine, 
in  the  Thirty-fourth  Congress  ;  was 
re-elected  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Con 
gress  ;  and  is  a  member  of  the  Com 
mittee  on  Post-offices  and  Post- 
roads. 

WOOD,  SILAS. 

He  was  born  in  Suffolk  County, 
New  York  ;  graduated  at  Princeton 
College  in  1789  ;  was  the  author  of 
a  History  of  Long  Island  ;  and  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1819  to  1829. 
He  died  at  Huntington,  Suffolk 
County,  Long  Island,  March  2, 
1847,  aged  seventy-eight  years. 

WOODBTUDGE,  WILLIAM. 

Born  in  Norwich,  Connecticut, 
August  20,  1780;  and  his  father 
becoming  one  of  the  earliest  emi 
grants  to  the  Northwest  Territory, 
he  removed  to  Marietta  in  1791. 
He  received  his  earliest  education 
in  Connecticut ;  studied  law  at 
Litchfield,  Connecticut,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  in  Ohio,  in 
1806.  In  1807  he  was  elected  to 
the  Assembly  of  Ohio  ;  in  1808  was 
Prosecuting  Attorney  for  his  coun 
ty,  which  office  he  held  until  1814, 


and  during  the  same  period  he  was 
also  a  member  of  the  State  Senate. 
In  1814  he  received,  from  President 
Madison,  unexpectedly,  the  ap 
pointment  of  Secretary  of  the  Ter 
ritory  of  Michigan,  and  removed  to 
Detroit;  and  in  1819  he  was  elect 
ed  the  .first  Delegate,  from  Michi 
gan,  to  Congress,  where  he  was 
very  active  in  promoting  the  inter 
ests  of  his  constituents.  In  1828 
he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Su 
preme  Court  of  Michigan  Territory, 
and  held  the  office  four  years  ;  in 
1835  he  was  a  member  of  the  Con 
vention  called  to  form  a  State  Con 
stitution  ;  in  1837  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  of  Michigan  ;  in 
1839  he  was  chosen  Governor  of  the 
State;  and  he  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  1841  to  1847.  He 
was  a  working  member  on  many 
important  committees,  and  his  re 
ports  and  speeches  were  numerous ; 
and  Daniel  Webster,  in  a  note  to 
his  speech  in  defence  of  the  Ash- 
burtou  Treaty,  attributed  to  Mr. 
Woodbridge  the  first  suggestion 
that  was  ever  made  to  him  for  in 
serting  in  that  treaty  a  provision 
for  the  surrender  of  fugitives,  under 
certain  circumstances,  upon  the  de 
mand  of  foreign  governments.  Of 
late  years  he  has  lived  in  retire 
ment  at  Detroit. 

WOODBURY,  LEVI. 

Born  in  Francestown,New  Hamp 
shire,  December  22, 1789.  He  gra 
duated  at  Dartmouth  College  in 
1809;  attended  the  Law  School  at 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


Litchfield;  continued  to  study  law 
in  Boston,  Exeter,  and  Frances- 
town,  and  entered  upon  the  practice 
in  IMi',  in  which  he  WMS  successful. 
In  1810  he  was  appointed  Judge 
of  the  Superior  Court  of  New 
Hampshire,  and  in  1810  settled  in 
Portsmouth.  In  1 823  he  was  elect 
ed  Governor  of  New  Hampshire; 
was  Speaker  of  the  State  House  of 
Representatives,  in  1825;  wu-  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1825  to 
1831 ;  was  appointed  Secretary  of 
the  Navy,  by  President  Jackson,  in 
1831 ;  was  transferred  to  the  Trea 
sury  Department,  as  Secretary,  in 
1834,  by  President  Tan  Buren,  and 
served  until  1841;  he  was  again  a 
Senator  in  Congress,  from  1841  to 
1845,  when  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Polk,  a  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States.  He  was  also  tendered  the 
appointment  of  Minister  to  Eng 
land,  but  declined  it.  He  died  at 
Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  Sep 
tember  7,  1851.  He  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  Dartmouth 
College  and  the  Wesleyan  Univer 
sity  of  Connecticut,  and  was  a  mem 
ber  of  various  literary  societies 

WOODCOCK,   DAVID. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Assembly,  from  Seneca  Coun 
ty,  in  1814  and  1815,  and  from 
Tompkins  County,  in  182(5  ;  and 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
New  York,  from  1821  to  1823,  and 
again  from  1827  to  1820. 


WOODRUFF,   JOHN. 

He  was  born  in  Hartford,  Con 
necticut,  in  1820  ;  is  a  clock-maker 
by  occupation  ;  has  been  in  the  Con 
necticut  Legislature,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress. 

WOODRUFF,  THOMAS  M. 

He  was  a  resident  of  New  York 
City,  a  furniture  dealer  by  occupa 
tion,  a  member  of  Congress,  from 
1845  to  1847,  and  died  some  time 
ago. 

WOODS,  HENRY. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1790 
to  1803. 

WOODS,  JOHN. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from  1815 
to  1817. 

WOODS,  JOHN. 

He   was   a    native   of    Dauphin 

County.  Pennsylvania,  in  1794,  and 

removed  with  his  father  to  Ohio  in 

his  infancy.    He  was  admitted  to  the 

bar  in  1819,  settled   in   Hamilton 

County,  and  at  once  took  a  high 

stand  in  his  profession.     In  1824 

he   was   elected   to  Congress,  and 

served  two  terms.     In  1829  he  be- 

!  came  the  editor  and  publisher  of  the 

Hamilton  Intelligencer,  and  so  con- 

1  tinued  until  1832,  when  he  returned 

'   to  his  profession,  which  he  success- 

fully  practiced  until  1845,  when  he 

was  elected  Auditor  of  the  State, 


528 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


which  office  he  held  for  two  terms. 
While  Auditor,  he  did  much  to 
preserve  the  credit  of  the  State. 
He  died  in  Hamilton,  Ohio,  July 
30,  1855. 

WOODS,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  New  York,  from  1823 
to  1825,  and  a  member  of  the  State 
Assembly,  from  Steuben  County,  in 
1828. 

WOODSON,  SAMUEL  B. 

Born  in  Jessamine  County,  Ken 
tucky,  October  24,  1815;  gradu 
ated  at  Centre  College,  and  became 
a  lawyer  by  profession.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Constitutional  Con 
vention  of  Missouri,  in  1855  ;  and  a 
member  of  the  Missouri  General 
Assembly,  in  1853  and  1854;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  to  the 
Thirty-fifth  Congress,  from  that 
State,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs.  He 
has  been  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Congress. 

WOODSON,  SAMUEL  H. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1820  to 
1823. 

WOODWARD,  JOSEPH  A. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843  to 
1847. 


WOODWARD,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1815  to  1817. 


WOODWORTII,  JAMES  II. 

He  was  born  December  4,  1804, 
in  Greenwich,  Washington  County, 
New  York.  He  lived  on  a  farm 
until  twenty-one  years  of  age  ;  re 
ceived  a  limited  education  at  the 
schools  in  the  vicinity,  and  removed 
to  Fabius,  Onondaga  County,  New 
York;  taught  a  village  school  for  a 
few  months,  and  then  engaged  in 
mercantile  business.  In  1827  he 
went  to  Erie  County,  Pennsylvania, 
residing  there  four  years,  and  re 
moved  to  Chicago,  Illinois,  in  1833. 
In  1839  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  and  in  1842  was  a  member 
of  the  Lower  House.  From  1845 
to  1850  he  was  connected  with  the 
city  government  of  Chicago,  being 
two  years  mayor.  He  was  a  Re 
presentative,  from  Illinois,  to  the 
Thirty-fourth  Congress. 


WOODWORTII,  WILLIAM  W. 

He  was  born  in  Connecticut,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1845  to 

1847. 

WORD,  THOMAS  J. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Mississippi,  from  1838 
to  1839. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


529 


WORMON,  LUDWIG. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Pennsylvania,  from 
1820  to  1822. 


WORTKNDYKE,  J.  I?. 

Born  at  Chesnut  Ridge,  in  the 
Township  of  Harrington,  Bergen 
County,  New  Jersey,  November  27, 
1818;  graduated  at  Rutgers's  Col- 
lego,  in  1839 ;  and  was  for  several 
years  teacher  of  the  classics  and 
mathematics. .  He  commenced  the 
study  of  law  in  1849,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1852  ;  was  Al 
derman  of  Jersey  City,  where  he 
practiced  law ;  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  the  Thirty-fifth 
Congress,  from  New  Jersey,  serving 
on  the  Committee  of  Public  Ex 
penditures. 

WORTIIINGTOX,  J.  T.   H. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1831  to  1833, 
and  again  from  1837  to  1841. 

WORTHINGTON,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born  in  Jefferson  County, 
Virginia,  about  1769  ;  emigrated  to 
Ohio,  and  settled  in  Ross  County, 
in  1798.  In  1803  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention.  He  was  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  from  Ohio,  from  1803  to 
1807,  and  again  from  1810  to  1814; 
and  from  1814  to  1818,  he  was  Go 
vernor  of  Ohio.  After  his  retire- 
34 


ment  from  that  office,  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  first 
Board  of  Canal  Commissioners, 
in  which  capacity  he  served  until 
his  death,  which  occurred  in  1827. 

WORTHINGTON,  THOMAS  C. 

He  was  born  in  Maryland,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1825  to  1827. 

WRIGHT,  AUGUSTUS  R. 

Born  at  Wrightsborough,  Co 
lumbia  County,  Georgia,  June  16, 
1813;  commenced  his  education  at 
a  grammar  school;  afterwards  en 
tered  Franklin  College,  but  left  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  junior  year, 
without  graduating.  He  is  a 
lawyer  by  profession ;  and  at  the 
age  of  twenty-nine  was  elected  Cir 
cuit  Judge  ;  he  resigned  before  the 
expiration  of  the  second  term,  and 
was  elected  a  Representative,  from 
Georgia,  to  the  Thirty-fourth  Con 
gress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Thirty- 
fifth,  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  the  District  of  Co 
lumbia. 

WRIGHT,  DANIEL  B. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Mississippi,  from  1853  to 
1857. 

WRIGHT,  GEORGE  H. 

He  was  born  in  Concord,  Massa 
chusetts,  June  4,  1817;  spent  seven 


530 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


years  on  a  farm  ;  settled  in  Boston, 
as  a  merchant,  in  1822  ;  was  con 
nected  with  the  Boston  Courier 
for  two  years,  from  1837,  after 
which  he  settled  in  Nantucket,  in 
the  whaling  business  ;  went  to  Cali 
fornia  in  1849;  and  was  a  Repre 
sentative  in  Congress,  from  that 
State,  during  the  years  1850  and 
1851. 

WRIGHT,  HENDRICK  B. 

He  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1853  to  1855. 

WRIGHT,  JOHN  C. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Ohio,  from  1823  to 
1829. 

WRIGHT,  JOHN  W. 

Born  in  McNairy  County,  Ten 
nessee,  June  28,  1828;  is  a  lawyer 
by  profession  ;  was  elected  a  Repre 
sentative  to  the  Thirty-fourth  and 
Thirty-fifth  Congresses,  from  his  na 
tive  State ;  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Committees  on  Revolutionary  Pen 
sions  and  Expenditures  in  the  War 
Department 

WRIGHT,  JOSEPH  A. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and, 
having  settled  in  Indiana,  was  elect 
ed  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1845 ; 
and  in  1857  he  was  appointed,  by 
President  Buchanan,  Minister  to 
Prussia. 


WRIGHT,  ROBERT. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Maryland,  from  1801  to  1806; 
at  one  time  member  of  the  State 
Executive  Council ;  was  Governor 
of  Maryland,  from  1806  to  1809;  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Maryland,  from  1810  to  1817;  re- 
elected  for  the  term  from  1821  to 
1823  ;  and  died  September  7,  1826. 

WRIGHT,  SAMUEL  G. 

Born  in  1787,  and  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  was  a  member  elect  of 
Congress,  from  New  Jersey.  Died 
near  Allentown,  New  Jersey,  July 
30,  1845. 

WRIGHT,  SILAS. 

Was  born  at  Amherst,  Massa 
chusetts,  May  24,  1795.  He  work 
ed  upon  his  father's  farm,  in 
Yermont,  in  the  summer,  and  at 
tended  school  in  the  winter.  He 
prepared  for  and  entered  college  in 
August,  1811,  and  graduated  at 
Middlebury  College  in  1815.  He 
read  law  in  Washington  County, 
New  York,  teaching  school  one  or 
two  winters  to  aid  in  defraying  his 
own  expenses.  In  1819  he  settled, 
in  the  practice  of  the  law,  at  Canton, 
St.  Lawrence  County,  New  York, 
where  he  continued  his  residence 
until  his  death.  He  was  soon  made 
a  magistrate  and  postmaster  of  his 
town,  and  surrogate  of  his  county. 
He  early  raised  a  uniformed  militia 
rifle  company,  of  which  he  was 
unanimously  chosen  captain,  from 
which  position  he  rose  to  be  colonel 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


of  a  rifle  regiment,  and  became  a 
brigadier-general  of  infantry,  in 
1827.  He  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  in  November,  1823,  and 
served  until  March  4,  1827,  when 
he  resigned  that  office,  having  been 
elected  to  Congress  in  November, 
182<>.  lie  took  his  seat  in  Congress 
in  December,  1827.  He  was  re- 
elected  in  November,  1828.  Having 
been  elected  State  Comptroller, 
January  27,  1820,  he  resigned  his 
seat  in  Congress,  before  serving  out 
this  term.  While  in  Congress,  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Commit-  i 
tee  on  Manufactures,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  the  tariff  investiga 
tions  and  discussions  of  1828.  He  j 
served  as  Comptroller  from  the 
time  of  his  election  until  he  was 
chosen  United  States  Senator,  in  j 
the  early  part  of  January,  1833, 
when  he  immediately  took  his  seat 
in  that  body.  He  was  re-elected 
in  February,  1837,  and  again  in 
February,  1843,  and  continued  to  j 
serve  until  December,  1844,  when  j 
he  resigned.  In  November,  1844, 
he  was  elected  Governor  of  New 
York,  and  entered  upon  his  duties 
January  1,  1845.  In  1846  he  re 
tired  to  private  life,  devoting  him 
self  to  the  cultivation  of  his  farm, 
and  enjoying  the  society  of  his  early 
friends  and  neighbors.  On  August 
27,  1847,  he  died  suddenly,  at  his 
residence  in  Canton.  While  in  the 
United  States  Senate,  he  served 
most  of  his  time  on  the  Committee  j 
of  Finance,  and  introduced  the  first 
Sub-Treasury  bill,  which  became  a  j 
law.  President  Tyler  offered  him 


a  seat  upon  the  bench  of  the  Su 
preme  Court,  which  he  declined. 
By  other  Presidents  he  was  offered 
seats  in  their  cabinets  and  missions 
abroad,  all  of  which  he  refused. 
His  last  labor  for  the  public  was  the 
preparation  of  an  address  for  the 
State  Agricultural  Society,  which 
having  been  finished,  was  read  to 
that  body,  a  short  time  after  his 
death,  by  his  friend  General  Dix. 
He  appeared  twice  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  to  argue 
cases  of  high  importance,  and 
established  in  that  tribunal  a  high 
reputation  as  a  lawyer. 

WRIGHT,  WILLIAM. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
having  removed  to  New  Jersey, 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1843  to  1847  ; 
and  in  1853  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress  for  the  term  ending  in 
1859.  He  is  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Engrossed  Bills,  and 
of  that  on  the  Contingent  Expenses 
of  the  Senate. 

WURTZ,  JOHN. 

He  graduated  at  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1813,  and  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  Pennsyl 
vania,  from  1825  to  1827. 

WYNKOOP,  HENRY. 

He  was  a  Delegate  to  the  Conti 
nental  Congress,  from  1779  to  1783, 
and  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Pennsylvania,  from  1789  to 
1791. 


532 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


WYNN,  RICHARD. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  South  Carolina,  from 
1793  to  1797,  and  again  from  1802 
to  1813. 

WYNN,  THOMAS. 

He  was  born,  lived,  and  died,  in 
Hertford  County,  North  Carolina. 
He  was  a  general  of  militia ;  a 
planter  by  occupation;  served  a 
number  of  years  in  the  House  of 
Commons  and  Senate,  and  was  a 
member  of  Congress,  from  1802  to 
1807. 

YANCY,  BARTLETT. 

He  was  born  in  North  Carolina, 
and  educated  at  the  University  of 
that  State,  where  he  was,  for  a  time, 
a  tutor.  His  first  appearance  in 
public  life  was  as  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  in  1813,  where  he  served  four 
years  ;  he  served  for  many  years  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and  frequently 
as  Speaker  of  the  House  ;  and  his 
position  as  a  lawyer  was  unsurpass 
ed.  He  died  in  1828. 


YANCY,  JOEL. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1827  to 
1831. 

YANCY,  WILLIAM  L. 

He  was  born  in  South  Carolina, 
and,  removing  to  Alabama,  was  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
that  State,  from  1844  to  1847. 


YATES,  JOHN  B. 

He  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  New  York,  from  1815  to  1817, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  Assembly 
of  that  State  in  1836,  from  Madison 
County. 

YATES,  RICHARD. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  Illinois,  from  1851  to  1855. 

YELL,  ARCHIBALD. 

He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and  re 
moving  to  Arkansas,  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
1837  to  1839,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1845,  serving  only  until  1846. 

YORKE,  THOMAS  J. 

He  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  that  State,  from  1837  to  1839, 
and  again  from  1841  to  1843. 

YOST,  JACOB  S. 

He  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  that  State,  from  1843 
to  1847. 

YOUNG,  AUGUSTUS. 

He  was  born  in  Arlington,  Ver 
mont,  March  20,  1785,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  St.  Albans  in 
1810;  he  commenced  to  practice  at 
Stowe,  and  in  about  eighteen 
months  removed  to  Craftsbury, 
which  town  he  represented  in  the 
General  Assembly  during  eight  ses- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


sions.  He  was  four  years  States 
Attorney  for  Orleans  County,  and 
Judge  of  Probate  in  1830.  In 
1836  he  was  chosen  State  Senator, 
and  was  twice  re-elected.  He  was 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Vermont,  from  1841  to  1843,  and 
declined  are-election.  In  1847  he 
removed  to  St.  Albans,  and  was 
for  several  years  Judge  of  Franklin 
County  Court.  He  subsequently 
devoted  himself  to  literary  and 
scientific  pursuits,  and  being  a 
learned  geologist  and  mineralogist, 
was  appointed,  in  1856,  State  Na 
turalist.  He  died  at  St.  Albans, 
June  17,  1857.  He  was  highly 
popular,  possessed  great  talents, 
and  his  scientific  books  and  tracts 
indicate  that  he  was  a  great  mathe 
matician  and  a  profound  reasoner. 

YOUNG,  BRYAN  R. 

He  was  born  in  Kentucky,    and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress,  | 
from  that  State,  from  1845  to  1847. 

YOUNG,  EBENEZER. 

Born  in  Killingly,  Connecticut, 
in  1784,  and  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1806.  In  1823  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and 
twice  re-elected ;  he  was  also  two 
years  Speaker  of  the  House,  and 
was  a  Representative  in  Congress, 
from  1829  to  1835.  He  died  at 
West  Killingly,  August  18,  1851. 

YOUNG,  JOHN. 

lie  was  born  in  Vermont  in 
1802;  when  quite  a  boy  he  re 


moved  with  his  father  to  Living 
ston  County,  New  York,  and  re 
ceived  a  common  school  education 
at  Conesus;  studied  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  182!) ;  was 
in  the  State  Legislature  in  1831, 
1844,  and  1845;  was  a  Represen 
tative  in  Congress,  from  New  York, 
from  1841  to  1843;  Governor  of 
the  State,  from  1847  to  1849;  and 
Assistant  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States,  in  New  York  City,  at  the 
time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
April  23,  1852. 

YOUNG,  RICHARD  M. 

He  was  a  Senator  in  Congress, 
from  Illinois,  from  1837  to  1843. 

YOUNG,  TIMOTHY  R. 

He  was  born  in  New  Hampshire ; 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in 
1835  ;  and  was  a  Representative  in 
Congress,  from  Illinois,  from  1849 
to  1851. 

YOUNG,  WILLIAM  F. 

He  was  a  Representative  in  Con 
gress,  from  Kentucky,  from  1825  to 
1827. 

YULKE,  DAYID  L. 

He  was  born  in  the  West  Indies, 
in  1811,  but  when  quite  young  was 
removed  to  Virginia,  where  he  re 
ceived  the  rudiments  of  a  classical 
education.  He  emigrated  to  Flo 
rida  in  1824,  and  though  he  studied 
law,  he  divided  his  time  between 
the  practice  of  his  profession  and 
the  pursuits  of  agriculture.  He 


534 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES. 


was  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  from 
the  Territory  of  Florida,  from  1841 
to  1845,  a  delegate  to  the  Conven 
tion  which  formed  the  State  Con 
stitution,  and  was  elected  a  Senator 
in  Congress,  in  1845,  where  he  still 
continues,  officiating  as  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Post-offices 
and  Post-roads.  He  is  also  Presi 
dent  of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  Rail 
road  in  Florida. 

ZOLLICOFFER,  FELIX  K. 

Born  in  Mowry  County,  Tennes 
see,  May  19,  1812,  and  received  an 
academical  education.  He  served 
for  a  few  months  in  a  printing- 
office,  and  in  1829  took  upon  himself 
the  management  of  a  newspaper  at 


Paris,  Tennessee.  In  1834  he  was 
editor  and  publisher  of  the  Colum 
bian  Observer,  in  the  same  State  ; 
in  1835  he  was  elected  State  prin 
ter,  and  re-elected  in  1837 ;  in  1842 
he  removed  to  Nashville,  and  edited 
the  Banner  ;  in  1843  he  was  elect 
ed  Comptroller  of  the  State  Trea 
sury,  and  was  re-elected  in  1845 
and  1847  ;  in  1849  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate;  in  1850  was  a 
contractor  for  building  the  Suspen 
sion  Bridge,  at  Nashville;  in  1851 
and  1852,  again  edited  the  Nash 
ville  Banner,  and  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  Congress,  from 
Tennessee,  in  1853,  where  he  has 
continued  to  the  present  time  ;  and 
is  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
Territories. 


SPECIAL    NOTICE. 


THE  AUTHOR  embraces  the  present  opportunity  of  acknowledging  his  obliga 
tions  to  the  following  gentlemen,  who  have  favored  him  with  much  valuable 
assistance  in  this  undertaking,  viz. :  "William  AVillis,  Esq.,  of  Maine;  Ben  Perley 
Poore,  Esq.,  of  Massachusetts  ;  George  F.  Houghton,  Esq.,  of  Vermont;  Gideon 
J.  Tucker,  Esq.,  of  New  York;  Hon.  James  Parker,  of  New  Jersey;  A.  L. 
Ashley,  Esq.,  of  Kentucky;  and  Col.  Peter  Force,  George  J.  Abbot,  Esq.,  Yel- 
verton  P.  Page,  Esq.,  Daniel  Buck,  Esq.,  William  Hickey,  Esq.,  and  John  II. 
"Wheeler,  Esq.,  of  Washington  City;  and  while  thanking  them  for  their  kindness, 
he  takes  the  liberty  of  adding,  that  he  would  be  glad  to  receive  from  ex-members 
of  Congress,  and  from  the  friends  of  deceased  members,  any  information  they 
may  be  pleased  to  communicate,  calculated  to  make  his  work  more  correct  and 
complete,  in  the  subsequent  editions  that  may  be  published. 
Address, 

CHARLES  LANMAN, 
GEORGETOWN,  District  of  Columbia. 


APPENDIX. 


APPENDIX. 


SUCCESSIVE   SESSIONS   OF   CONGRESS. 


STATEMENT 

Shoiving  the  Commencement  and  Termination  of  each  Session  of 
Congress,  held  under  the  Present  Constitution,  with  the  Number 
of  Days  in  each. 


I       (§'* 

•O          <—  _a 

i 

a 

C    .       ot3 

U! 

£ 

From 

To 

•"  C         fc  a   C 

Where  held. 

C 

0    SJ         .0    „    C 

o 

0 

§          s'~  " 
\f*          ¥•> 

f 

I 

March     4,  1789 

Sept.      29,  1789 

13      210 

New  York. 

1 

2 

January  4,  1790 

August  12,  1790 

14      221 

do. 

1 

3 

Dec.         6,  1790 

March     3,  1791 

15        88 

Philadelphia. 

o     f 

1 

Oct.       24,  1791 

May         8,  1792 

16      197 

do. 

-  \ 

2 

NOT.        5,  1792 

March     2,  1793 

17      119 

do. 

31 

1 

Dec.         2,  1793 

June        9,  1794 

18      190 

do. 

< 

2 

NOT.        3,  1794 

March     3,  1795 

19      121 

do. 

1    f 

1 

Dec.         7,  1795 

June        1,  1796      20      177 

do. 

4  { 

2 

Dec.         5,  1796 

March     3,  1797 

21         89 

do. 

f 

1 

May       15,  1797 

July       10,  1797 

21        57 

do. 

5 

2 

NOT.       13,  1797 

July       1C),  1798 

22      246 

do. 

1 

3        Dec.         3,  1798      March     3,  1799 

23        91 

do. 

f  / 

1     !  Dec.         2,  1799      May       14,  1800      24      164 

do. 

6  { 

2        NOT.      17,  1800      March     3,  1801      25      107   i     Washington. 

7     f 

1        Dec.         7,  1801   i   May        3,  1802 

26      148  !             do. 

'     i 

2        Dec.         6,  1802      March     8,  1803      27        88                do. 

a    / 

1        Oct.       17,  1803  i   March   27,  1804 

28      163   ;             do. 

I 

2        NOT.        5,  1804  !   March     3,  1805 

29      119  !             do. 

c 

1     i  Dec.         2,  1805      April     21,  1806 

30      141 

do. 

j 

2        Dec.         1,  1806  '  March     3,  1807 

31        93 

do. 

10    / 

1        Oct.       26,  1807      April     25,  1808 

32      182                do. 

10    | 

2        NOT.        7,  1808 

March     3,  1809 

33      117                do. 

f 

1         May       22,  1809 

June      28,  1809 

33        38                do. 

11 

2        NOT.      27,  1809 

May         1,  1810 

34      156 

do. 

( 

3        Dec.         3,  1810      March     3,  1811 

35        91 

do. 

10    f 

1        NOT.        4,  1811   ;  July         6,  1812 

36      245 

do. 

'    I 

2        NOT.        2,  1812 

March     3,  1813 

37      122 

do. 

APPENDIX. 


Statement  of  the  Successive  /Sessions  of  Congress — (Continued.] 


to 

§ 

o 

Session. 

: 

From 

To 

i 
o, 

•a 
a  _. 

t."C 
9 
r* 

P 

"3-5 

ng  . 

is! 

Where  held. 

f 

1 

May   24,  1813 

August  2,  1813 

°7 

71 

Washington. 

13  J 

2 

Dec.    6,  1813 

April  18,  1814 

38 

134 

do. 

1 

3 

Sept.   19,  1814 

March  3,  1815 

39 

166 

do. 

14  ' 

1 

Dec.    4,  1815 

April  30,  1816 

40 

148 

do. 

1  1 

2 

Dec.    2,  1816 

March  3,  1817 

41 

92 

do. 

15  / 

] 

Dec.    1,  1817 

April  30,  1818 

42 

141 

do. 

1  1  2 

Nov.   16,  1818 

March  3,  1819 

43 

108 

do. 

16  J 

1 

Dec.    6,  1819 

May   15,  1820 

44 

162 

do. 

1 

2 

Nov.   13,  1820 

March  3,  1821 

45 

111 

do. 

17  / 

1 

Dec.    3,  1821 

May    8,  1822 

46 

157 

do. 

i 

2 

Dec.    2,  1822 

March  3,  1823 

47 

92 

do. 

18  / 

1 

Dec.    .1,  1823 

May   27,  1824 

48 

178 

do. 

2 

Dec.    6,  1824 

March  3,  1825 

49 

88 

do. 

19  / 

1 

Dec.    5,  1825 

May   22,  1826 

50 

169 

do. 

I 

2 

Dec.    4,  1826 

March  3,  1827 

51 

90 

do. 

on  f 

1 

Dec.    3,  1827 

May   26,  1828 

52 

175 

do. 

I 

2 

Dec.    1,  1828 

March  3,  1829 

53 

93 

do. 

91   / 

1 

Dec.    7,  1829 

May   31,  1830 

54 

176 

do. 

-  1 

2 

Dec.    6,  1830 

March  3,  1831 

55 

88 

do. 

22  / 

1 

Dec.    5,  1831 

July   16,  1832 

56 

225 

do. 

2 

Dec.    3,  1832 

March  3,  1833 

57 

91 

do. 

23  -/ 

1   Dec.    2,  1833 

June   30,  1834 

58 

211 

do. 

2  i  Dec.    1,  1834 

March  3,  1835 

59 

93 

do. 

24  J 

1    Dec.    7,  1835 

July    4,  1836 

60 

211 

do. 

i 

2 

Dec.    5,  1836 

March  3,  1837 

61 

89 

do. 

f 

1 

Sept.   4,  1837   Oct.   16,  1837 

62 

43 

do. 

25  J 

2 

Dec.    4,  1837 

July    9,  1838 

62 

218 

do. 

1 

3 

Dec.    3,  1838 

March  3,  1839 

63 

91 

do. 

26  / 

1 

Dec.    2,  1839 

July   21,  1840 

64 

233 

do. 

I 

2 

Dec.    7,  1840 

March  3,  1841 

65 

87 

do. 

1 

May   31,  1841 

Sept.   13,  1841 

65 

106 

do. 

2 

Dec.    6,  1841 

August  31,  1842 

66 

269 

do. 

3 

Dec.    5,  1842 

March  3,  1843 

67 

89 

do. 

OQ   / 

1 

Dec.    4,  1843 

June   17,  1844 

68 

196 

do. 

*^O   < 

2 

Dec.    2,  1844 

March  3,  1845 

69 

92 

do. 

29  / 

1 

Dec.    1,  1845 

August  10,  1846 

70 

253 

do. 

i 

2 

Dec.    7,  1846 

March  3,  1847 

71 

87 

do. 

30  / 

1 

Dec.    6,  1847 

August  14,  1848 

72 

254 

do. 

2 

Dec.    4,  1848  j  March  3,  1849 

73 

90 

do. 

31  / 

1 

Dec.    3,  1849 

Sept.   30,  1850 

74 

302 

do. 

I 

2 

Dec.    2,  1850 

March  3,  1851 

75 

92 

do. 

Q9  / 

1 

Dec.    1,  1851 

August  31,  1852 

76 

275 

do. 

) 

2 

Dec.    6,  1852 

March  3,  1853 

77 

88 

do. 

33  / 

1 

Dec.    5,  1853 

August  7,  1854 

78 

246  1     do. 

2 

Dec.    4,  1854 

March  3,  1855 

79 

90 

do. 

f 

1 

Dec.    3,  1855 

August  18,  1856 

80 

260 

do. 

34  j 

2 

August  21,  1856   August  30,  1856 

81 

10 

do. 

i 

3 

Dec.    1,  1856   March  3,  1857   81 

93 

do. 

35  -[ 

1 

Dec.    7,  1857   June   1,  1858   82 

177 

do. 

2 

Dec.    6,  1858  |  March  3,  1859 

i 

83 

88 

do. 

APPENDIX. 


SPEAKERS   OF   THE    HOUSE   OF   REPRE 
SENTATIVES. 


1st 

Congress. 

F.  A.  Muhlenberg, 

Pennsylvania. 

2d 

" 

Jonathan  Trumbull, 

Connecticut. 

3d 

" 

F.  A.  Muhlenberg, 

Pennsylvania. 

4th 

u 

Jonathan  Dayton, 

New  Jersey. 

r  , 

tt 

/  Jonathan  Dayton, 

a         n 

o  i 

\  George  Dent, 

Maryland. 

6th 

tt 

Theodore  Sedgwick, 

Massachusetts. 

7th 

it 

Nathaniel  Macon, 

North  Carolina. 

8th 

a 

Nathaniel  Macon, 

a               a 

9th 

tt 

Nathaniel  Macon,             , 

tt               it 

10th 

it 

Joseph  B.  Varnum, 

Massachusetts. 

llth 

" 

Joseph  B.  Varnum, 

a 

12th 

it 

Henry  Clay, 

Kentucky. 

1°fl 

tt 

(  Henry  Clay,       .  1st  session, 

u 

lotli 

\  Langdon  Cheves,  Zd       " 

South  Carolina. 

14th 

ti 

Henry  Clay, 

Kentucky. 

15th 

a 

Henry  Clay, 

a 

ifti 

it 

(  Henry  Clay,          1st  session, 

tt 

1 

\  John  W.  Taylor,   2d       " 

New  York. 

17th 

" 

P.  P.  Barbour, 

Virginia. 

18th 

" 

Henry  Clay, 

Kentucky. 

19th 

" 

John  W.  Taylor, 

New  York. 

20th 

a 

Andrew  Stevenson, 

Virginia. 

21st 

it 

Andrew  Stevenson, 

a 

22d 

a 

Andrew  Stevenson, 

it 

(  Andrew  Stevenson, 

a 

23d 

I 

1  Henry  Ilubbard, 

New  Hampshire 

24th 

a 

John  Bell, 

Tennessee. 

25th 

" 

James  K.  Polk, 

a 

26th 

it 

James  K.  Polk, 

a 

27th 

a 

R.  M.  T.  Hunter, 

Virginia. 

r  John  White, 

Kentucky. 

28th 

it 

1  John  W.  Jones, 

Virginia. 

)  George  W.  Hopkins, 

a 

29th 

a 

John  W.  Davis, 

Indiana. 

qnfi 

a 

(  Robert  C.  Winthrop, 

Massachusetts. 

oUul 

1  Armested  Burt, 

South  Carolina. 

31st 

it 

Ilowell  Cobb, 

Georgia. 

32d 

a 

Linn  Boyd, 

Kentucky. 

33d 

a 

Linn  Boyd, 

u 

34th 

a 

Nathaniel  P.  Banks, 

Massachusetts. 

35th 

it 

James  L.  Orr, 

South  Carolina. 

APPENDIX. 


PRESIDENTS    OF    THE    SENATE, 

VICE-PRESIDENTS   OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


Congresses. 

1  to      4. 

5  and    6. 

7  and    8. 

9  to  12. 
13  and  14. 
15  to  18. 
19  to  22. 
23  and  24. 
25  and  26. 
27 

29  and  30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 


John  Adams, 
Thomas  Jefferson, 
Aaron  Burr, 
George  Clinton,* 
Elbridge  Gerry,* 
Daniel  D.  Tompkins, 
John  0.  Calhoun,f 
Martin  Van  Buren, 
Richard  M.  Johnson, 
John  Tyler,} 
George  M.  Dallas, 
Millard  Fillmore,§ 
William  R.  King, 
(Vacant.) 
(Vacant.) 
John  C.  Breckinridge, 


Massachusetts. 
Virginia. 
New  York. 

it         a 

Massachusetts. 
New  York. 
South  Carolina. 
New  York. 
Kentucky. 
Virginia. 
Pennsylvania. 
New  York. 
Alabama. 


Kentucky. 


PRESIDENTS    OF    THE    SENATE— Pro 


1st  Congress.     John  Langdon, 


2d 
3d 


4th 


5th 


6th 


(  Richard  Henry  Lee, 
\  John  Langdon, 
j  Ralph  Izard, 
\  Henry  Tazewell, 
j  Samuel  Livermore, 
[  William  Bingham, 
("William  Bradford, 

Jacob  Read, 
<  Theodore  Sedgwick, 

John  Lawrence, 
(^  James  Ross, 
(  Samuel  Livermore, 
J  Uriah  Tracy, 
]  John  E.  Howard, 
[_  James  Hilhouse, 


New  Hampshire. 

Virginia. 

New  Hampshire. 

South  Carolina. 

Virginia. 

New  Hampshire. 

Pennsylvania. 

Rhode  Island. 

South  Carolina. 

Massachusetts. 

New  York. 

Pennsylvania. 

New  Hampshire. 

Connecticut. 

Maryland. 

Connecticut. 


Died  in  office.  f  Resigned  December  28, 1832. 

Became  President  by  death  of  Harrison. 
Became  President  by  death  of  Taylor. 


APPENDIX. 


7th  Congress 


8th 

9th 

10th 

llth 

12th 

13th 
14th 

15th 

16th 

17th 
18th 
19th 

20th 
21st 
22d 

23d 

24th 

25th 

26th 

27th 

28th        " 

29th        " 

30th 

31st 

32d 

33d 

34th 

35th 


f  Abraham  Baldwin, 
\  Stephen  11.  Bradley, 
(  John  Brown, 

<  Jesse  Franklin, 

(  Joseph  Anderson, 
f  Samuel  Smith, 
\  Samuel  Smith, 
(  Samuel  Smith, 

<  Stephen  R.  Bradley. 
(  John  Milledge, 

(  Andrew  Gregg, 

<  John  Gaillard, 
(John  Pope, 

f  William  II.  Crawford, 

\  Joseph  B.  Varnum, 
John  Gaillard, 
John  Gaillard, 

f  John  Gaillard, 

\  James  Barbour, 

J  James  Barbour, 

\  John  Gaillard, 
John  Gaillard, 
John  Gaillard, 
Nathaniel  Macon, 

f  Nathaniel  Macon, 

\  Samuel  Smith, 
Samuel  Smith, 

j  Littleton  W.  Tazewell, 
I  Hugh  L.  White, 

J  George  Poindcxter, 

\  John  Tyler, 
William  R.  King, 
William  II.  King, 
William  R.  King, 
Samuel  L.  Southard, 
Willie  P.  Mangum, 
David  R.  Atchison, 
David  R.  Atchison, 
William  R.  King, 
William  R.  King, 
David  R.  Atchison, 
Jesse  D.  Bright, 


Georgia. 

Vermont. 

Kentucky. 

North  Carolina. 

Tennessee. 

Maryland. 


Vermont. 
Georgia. 
Pennsylvania. 
South  Carolina. 
Kentucky. 
Georgia. 
Massachusetts. 
South  Carolina. 


Virginia. 

u 

South  Carolina. 

a  a 

u  u 

North  Carolina. 

U  it 

Maryland. 

(t 

Virginia. 

Tennessee. 

Mississippi. 

Virginia. 

Alabama. 


New  Jersey. 
North  Carolina. 

Missouri. 

a 

Alabama, 
u 

Missouri. 
Indiana. 


APPENDIX. 
SECRETARIES  OF  THE  SENATE. 


Names. 

States. 

Time  of  appoint 
ment. 

Expiration  of  ser 
vice. 

Samuel  Alyne  Otis  

Massachusetts  .. 

8  April,   1789 

18  April,   1814 

Charles  Cults  

N.  Hampshire... 

11  Oct.      1814 

12  Dec.      1825 

Walter  Lowrie  

Pennsylvania  ... 

12  Dec.      1825 

5  Dec.      1836 

Asbury  Dickins  

North  Carolina.. 

12  Dec.      1836 

Present  incum 

bent. 

CLERKS  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 


Names. 

States. 

Time  of  appoint 
ment. 

Expiration  of  ser 
vice. 

John  Beckley  

Virginia  

1  April,    1789 

15  May,     1797 

Jonathan  Williams  Condy  
John  Holt  Oswald  

Pennsylvania  ... 
Pennsylvania  ... 

15  May,     1797 
9  Dec.      1800 

9  Dec.      1800 
7  Dec.      1801 

John  Beckley  

Virginia  

7  Dec.      1801 

26  Oct.       1807 

Patrick  Ma  "ruder  

Maryland  

26  Oct.      1807 

28  Jan.      1815 

Thomas  Dougherty  

Kentucky  

30  Jan.      1815 

3  Dec.      1822 

Matthew  St.  Clair  Clarke  
Walter  S.  Franklin  

Pennsylvania  ... 
Pennsylvania  ... 

3  Dec.      1822 
2  Dec.      1833 

2  Dec.      1833 
20  Sept.     1838 

Hugh  A.  Garland  

Virginia  

3  Dec.      1838 

31  May,     1841 

Matthew  St.  Clair  Clarke  
Caleb  J.  McNulty  

Pennsylvania  ... 
Ohio  

31  May,     1841 
G  Dec.      1843 

G  Dec.      1843 
18  Jan.      1845 

Benjamin  B.  French  

N.  Hampshire.... 

18  Jan.      1845 

7  Dec.      1847 

Thomas  Jefferson  Campbell... 

Tennessee..  

7  Dec.      1847 

13  April,   1850 

Richard  M  Young.. 

Illinois  

17  April,   1850 

1  Dec.      1851 

John  W.  Forney  

Pennsylvania  ... 

1  Dec.      1851 

4  Feb.      1856 

William  Cullom  

Tennessee  

4  Feb.      1856 

6  Dec.      1858 

James  C.  Allen  

6  Dec.      1858 

Present  incum 

bent. 

APPENDIX. 


SUCCESSIVE    ADMINISTRATIONS. 

FIRST  ADMINISTRATION— 1789  TO  1797.— EIGHT  YKARS. 

President — GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  Virginia. 

Vice-President — JOHN  ADAMS,  Massachusetts. 

Secretaries  of  State* — Thomas  Jefferson,  of  Virginia,  September 
26, 1789;  Edmund  Randolph,  of  Virginia,  January  2, 1794  ;  Timothy 
Pickering,  of  Massachusetts,  December  10,  1795. 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury — Alexander  Hamilton,  of  New  York, 
September  11,  1789;  Oliver  \Volcott,  of  Connecticut,  February  3, 
1795. 

Secretaries  of  War  and  of  the  Navyf — Henry  Knox,  of  Massa 
chusetts,  September  12,  1789;  Timothy  Pickering,  of  Massachusetts, 
January  2,  1794  ;  James  McIIenry,  of  Maryland,  January  27, 1796. 

Postmasters-General — Samuel  Osgood,  of  Massachusetts,  Septem 
ber  26,  1789 ;  Timothy  Pickering,  of  Massachusetts,  November  7, 
1791 ;  Joseph  Habersham,  of  Georgia,  February  25,  1795. 

SECOND  ADMINISTRATION— 1797  TO  1801.— FOUR  YKARS. 

President — JOHN  ADAMS,  Massachusetts. 

Vice-President — THOMAS  JEFFERSON',  Virginia. 

Secretaries  of  State  —  Timothy  Pickering,  continued  in  office ; 
John  Marshall,  of  Virginia,  May  13,  1800. 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury — Oliver  Wolcott,  continued  in  office ; 
S.  Dexter,  of  Massachusetts,  December  31,  1800. 

Secretaries  of  War — James  McIIenry,  continued  in  office ;  S. 
Dexter,  of  Massachusetts,  May  13,  1800 ;  Roger  Griswold,  of  Con 
necticut,  February  3,  1801. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy — George  Cabot,  of  Massachusetts,  May  3, 
1798,  declined;  Benjamin  Stoddert,  of  Maryland,  May  21,  1798. 

Postmaster-General — Joseph  Ilabersham,  continued. 

*  The  Department  of  State  was  created  by  the  Act  of  September  15,  1759, 
previously  to  which,  by  Act  of  July  27,  1789,  it  was  denominated  the  Depart 
ment  of  Foreign  Affairs. 

t  The  War  Department,  as  created  by  Act  of  Congress  of  August  7,  1759, 
had  also  the  superintendence  of  Naval  Affairs.  A  separation  took  place  in 
April,  1789,  when  a  Navy  Department  was  established. 


10  APPENDIX. 


THIRD  ADMINISTRATION— 1801  TO  1809.— EIGHT  YEARS. 

President — THOMAS  JEFFERSON,  Virginia. 

Vice-Presidents — AARON  BURR,  New  York ;  GEORGE  CLINTON, 
New  York. 

Secretary  of  /State — James  Madison,  of  Virginia,  March  5,  1801. 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury — S.  Dexter,  continued  in  office ;  Al 
bert  Gallatin,  of  Pennsylvania,  January  26,  1802. 

Secretary  of  War — Henry  Dearborn,  of  Massachusetts,  March  4, 
1801. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy — Benjamin  Stoddert,  continued  in  office ; 
Robert  Smith,  of  Maryland,  January  26,  1802 ;  Jacob  Crownin- 
shield,  of  Massachusetts,  March  2,  1805. 

Postmasters-Greneral — Joseph  Habersham,  continued  in  office ; 
Gideon  Granger,  of  Connecticut,  January  26,  1802. 


FOURTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1809  TO  1817.— EIGHT  YEARS. 

President — JAMES  MADISON,  Virginia. 

Vice-Presidents — GEORGE  CLINTON,  New  York ;  ELBRIDGE  GERRY, 
Massachusetts. 

Secretaries  of  State  —  Robert  Smith,  of  Maryland,  March  6, 
1809;  James  Monroe,  of  Virginia,  November  25,  1811. 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury — Albert  Gallatin,  continued  in  office  ; 
George  W.  Campbell,  of  Tennessee,  February  9,  1814 ;  Alexander 
J.  Dallas,  of  Pennsylvania,  October  6,  1814. 

Secretaries  of  War — William  Eustis,  of  Massachusetts,  March  7, 
1809;  John  Armstrong,  of  New  York,  January  19,  1813;  James 
Monroe,  of  Virginia,  September  26,  1814 ;  William  H.  Crawford,  of 
Georgia,  March  2,  1815. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy — Paul  Hamilton,  of  South  Carolina,  March 
7,  1809;  William  Jones,  of  Pennsylvania,  January  12, 1813  ;  Benja 
min  W.  Crowninshield,  of  Massachusetts,  December  17,  1814. 

Postmasters-Greneral — Gideon  Granger,  continued  in  office;  R.  J. 
Meigs,  of  Ohio,  March  17,  1814. 


APPENDIX. 


FIFTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1817  TO  1825.— EIOHT  YEARS. 

President — JAMES  MONROE,  Virginia. 

Vice-President — DANIEL  D.  TOMPKINS,  New  York. 

Secretary  of  State — John  Q.  Adams,  of  Massachusetts,  March  3, 
1817. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury — William  H.  Crawford,  of  Georgia, 
March  5,  1817. 

Secretaries  of  War — Isaac  Shelby,  of  Kentucky,  March  5, 1817, 
declined  the  appointment ;  John  C.  Calhoun,  of  South  Carolina,  De 
cember  16,  1817. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy — Benjamin  W.  Crowninshield,  continued 
in  office ;  Smith  Thompson,  of  New  York,  November  30,  1818 ; 
Samuel  L.  Southard,  of  New  Jersey,  December  9,  1823. 

Postmasters- Gf-eneral — Return  J.  Meigs,  continued  in  office;  John 
McLean,  of  Ohio,  December  9,  1823. 

SIXTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1824  TO  1829.— FOUR  YEARS. 

President — JOHN  QUINCY  ADAMS,  Massachusetts. 

Vice-President — JOHN  C.  CALHOUN,  South  Carolina. 

Secretary  of  State — Henry  Clay,  of  Kentucky,  March  8,  1825. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury  —  Richard  Rush,  of  Pennsylvania, 
March  7,  1825. 

Secretaries  of  War — James  Barbour,  of  Virginia,  March  7,  1825  ; 
Peter  B.  Porter,  of  New  York,  May  26,  1828. 

Secretary  of  the  Navy — Samuel  L.  Southard,  continued  in  office. 

Postmaster- General — John  McLean,  continued  in  office. 

SEVENTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1829  TO  1837.— EIGHT  YEARS. 

President — ANDREW  JACKSON,  Tennessee. 

Vice-Presidents — JOHN  C.  CALHOUN,  South  Carolina;  MARTIN 
VAN  BUREN,  New  York. 

Secretaries  of  State — Martin  Van  Buren,  of  New  York,  March  6, 
1829 ;  Edward  Livingston,  of  Louisiana,  1831 ;  Louis  McLane,  of 
Delaware,  1833;  John  Forsyth,  of  Georgia,  1834. 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury — Samuel  D.  Ingham,  of  Pennsyl- 


12  APPENDIX. 

vania,  March  6,  1829 ;  Louis  McLane,  of  Delaware,  1831 ;  William 
J.  Duane,  of  Pennsylvania,  1833;   Roger  B.  Taney,  of  Maryland, 

1833,  (not  confirmee!  by  the  Senate ;)  Levi  Woodbury,  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  1834. 

Secretaries  of  War — John  II.  Eaton,  of  Tennessee,  March  9, 1829 ; 
Lewis  Cass,  of  Ohio,  1831. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy — John  Branch,  of  North  Carolina,  March  9, 
1829 ;  Levi  Woodbury.  of  New  Hampshire,  1831 ;  Mahlon  Dickerson, 
of  New  Jersey,  1834. 

Postmasters- General — William  T.  Barry,  of  Kentucky,  March  9, 
1829;  Amos  Kendall,  of  Kentucky,  1835.* 

EIGHTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1837  TO  1841.— FOUR  YEARS. 

President — MARTIN  VAN  BUREN,  New  York. 
Vice- President — RICHARD  M.  JOHNSON,  Kentucky. 
Secretary  of  State — John  Forsyth,  appointed  June  27,  1834,  re 
signed  March  3,  1841. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury — Levi  Woodbury,  appointed  June  27, 

1834,  resigned  March  2,  1841. 

Secretary  of  War — Joel  R.  Poinsett,  appointed  March  7,  1837, 
resigned  March  2,  1841. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy — Mahlon  Dickerson,  appointed  June  30, 
1834,  resigned  June,  1838;  James  K.  Paulding,  appointed  from 
June  30,  1838 ;  resigned  March  2,  1841. 

Postmasters-General — Amos  Kendall,  appointed  May  1,  1835, 
resigned ;  John  M.  Niles,  appointed  from  May  25,  1840,  resigned 
March  1,  1841. 

NINTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1841  TO  1845.— FOUR  YEARS. 

President — GENERAL  WILLIAM  HENRY  HARRISON,  Ohio.  Died 
April  4,  1841. 

Vice-President — JOHN  TYLER,  Virginia. 

President — JOHN  TYLER,  Virginia,  (from  April  4,  1841.) 

*  Before  the  accession  of  Andrew  Jackson  to  the  Presidency,  the  Postmaster- 
General  was  looked  upon  as  the  head  of  a  bureau,  but  President  Jackson  invited 
Mr.  Barry  to  a  seat  in  his  cabinet  meetings,  since  which  time  the  head  of  the 
Post-office  Department  has  been  considered  a  regular  member  of  the  cabinet. 


APPENDIX.  13 

Secretaries  of  State — Daniel  Webster,  appointed  March  5,  1841, 
resigned  May  8,  1843 ;  Hugh  S.  Legar<5,  appointed  May  9,  1843, 
died  June  20, 1843 ;  Abel  P.  Upshur,  appointed  June  24, 1843,  died 
February  28,  1844  ;  John  Nelson,  acting,  February  29,  1844 ;  John 
C.  Calhoun,  appointed  March  6,  1844,  resigned  March  1,  1845. 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury — Thomas  Ewing,  appointed  March  5, 
1841,  resigned ;  Walter  -Forward,  appointed  September  13,  1841, 
resigned ;  George  M.  Bibb,  appointed  June  15,  1844,  resigned 
March  3,  1845. 

Secretaries  of  War — John  Bell,  appointed  March  5,  1841,  re 
signed  ;  John  0.  Spencer,  appointed  October  12,  1841,  transferred 
to  Treasury  Department ;  James  M.  Porter,  appointed  March  8, 
1843,  rejected  by  the  Senate ;  William  Wilkins,  appointed  February 
15,  1844,  resigned  March  3,  1845. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy — George  E.  Badger,  appointed  March  5, 
1841,  resigned;  Abel  P.  Upshur,  appointed  September  13,  1841, 
transferred  to  Department  of  State ;  David  Henshaw,  appointed  July 
24,  1843,  rejected  by  the  Senate ;  Thomas  W.  Gilmcr,  appointed 
February  15,  1844,  died  February  28,  1844 ;  John  Y.  Mason,  ap 
pointed  March  14,  1844,  resigned  March  3,  1845. 

Postmasters-General — Francis  Granger,  appointed  March  6, 1841, 
resigned ;  Charles  A.  Wickliffe,  appointed  September  13,  1841,  re 
signed  March  3,  1845. 


TENTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1845  TO  1849.— FOUR  YEARS. 

President — JAMES  KNOX  POLK,  Tennessee. 

Vice-President — GEORGE  M.  DALLAS,  Pennsylvania. 

Secretary  of  State — James  Buchanan,  of  Pennsylvania,  appointed 
March  5,  1845. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury — Robert  J.  Walker,  of  Mississippi,  ap 
pointed  March  5,  1845. 

Secretary  of  War — William  L.  Marcy,  of  New  York,  appointed 
March  5,  1843. 

Secretary  of  the  Navy — George  Bancroft,  of  Massachusetts,  ap 
pointed  March,  1845;  John  Y.  Mason,  of  Virginia,  appointed  1846. 

Postmaster-General — Cave  Johnson,  of  Tennessee,  appointed 
March  5,  1845. 


14  APPENDIX. 


ELEVENTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1849  TO  1853.— FOUR  YEARS. 

President — ZACHARY  TAYLOR,  Louisiana.     Died  July  9,  1850. 

Vice-President — MILLARD  FILLMORE,  New  York. 

President — MILLARD  FILLMORE,  New  York.  Succeeded  Zachary 
Taylor,  on  his  death,  July  9,  1850. 

/Secretaries  of  State — John  M.  Clayton,  of  Delaware,  appointed 
March  7,  1849,  resigned  July  10,  1850 ;  Daniel  Webster,  of  Massa 
chusetts,  appointed  July  20,  1850,  died  October  24,  1852;  Edward 
Everett,  of  Massachusetts,  appointed  November,  1852. 

Secretaries  of  the  Treasury — William  M.  Meredith,  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  appointed  March  7,  1849,  resigned  July  10,  1850 ;  Thomas 
Corwin,  of  Ohio,  appointed  July  20,  1850. 

Secretaries  of  War — George  W.  Crawford,  of  Georgia,  appointed 
March  7,  1849,  resigned  July  10,  1850;  Charles  M.  Conrad,  of 
Louisiana,  appointed  August  15,  1850. 

Secretaries  of  the  Navy — William  B.  Preston,  of  Virginia,  ap 
pointed  March  7,  1849,  resigned  July  10,  1850 ;  William  A.  Gra 
ham,  of  North  Carolina,  appointed  July  20,  1850,  resigned  1852 ; 
John  P.  Kennedy,  of  Maryland,  appointed  1852. 

Secretaries  of  the  Interior — Thomas  Ewing,  of  Ohio,  appointed 
March  7, 1849,  resigned  July  10,  1850 ;  Alexander  H.  H.  Stuart,  of 
Virginia,  appointed  September  12,  1850. 

Postmasters- Cf-eneral — Jacob  Collamer,  of  Vermont,  appointed 
March  7,  1849,  resigned  July  10,  1850 ;  Nathan  K.  Hall,  of  New 
York,  appointed  July  20,  1850,  resigned  1852;  Samuel  D.  Hubbard, 
of  Connecticut,  appointed  1852. 

Attorney  s-G-eneral — Reverdy  Johnson,  of  Maryland,  appointed 
March  7,  1849,  resigned  July  10,  1850 ;  John  J.  Crittenden,  of 
Kentucky,  appointed  July  20,  1850. 

TWELFTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1853  TO  1857.— FOUR  YEARS. 

President — FRANKLIN  PIERCE,  New  Hampshire. 

Vice-President — WILLIAM  11.  KING,  Alabama.  Died  April  18, 
1853. 

Secretary  of  State — William  L.  Marcy,  of  New  York,  appointed 
March  7,  1853. 


APPENDIX.  15 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury — James  Guthrie,  of  Kentucky,  ap 
pointed  March  7,  1853. 

Secretary  of  War — Jefferson  Davis,  of  Mississippi,  appointed 
March  7,  1853. 

Secretary  of  the  Nary — James  C.  Dobbin,  of  North  Carolina,  ap 
pointed  March  7,  1853. 

Secretary  of  the  Interior — Robert  McClelland,  of  Michigan,  ap 
pointed  March  7,  1853. 

Postmaster-General — James  Campbell,  of  Pennsylvania,  appointed 
March  7,  1853. 

Attorney- General — Caleb  Gushing,  of  Massachusetts,  appointed 
March  7,  1853. 


THIRTEENTH  ADMINISTRATION— 1857  TO  1861.— FOUR  YEARS. 

President — JAMES  BUCHANAN,  Pennsylvania. 

Vice-President — JOHN  C.  BRECKINRIDGE,  Kentucky. 

Secretary  of  State — Lewis  Cass,  of  Michigan,  appointed  March, 
1857. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury — Howcll  Cobb,  of  Georgia,  appointed 
March,  1857. 

Secretary  of  War — John  B.  Floyd,  of  Virginia,  appointed  March, 
1857. 

Secretary  of  the  Navy — Isaac  Toucey,  of  Connecticut,  appointed 
March,  1857. 

Secretary  of  the  Interior — Jacob  Thompson,  of  Mississippi,  ap 
pointed  March,  1857. 

Postmaster-Grcneral — Aaron  V.  Brown,  of  Tennessee,  appointed 
March,  1857. 

Attorney-  General — Jeremiah  S.  Black,  of  Pennsylvania,  appointed 
March,  1857. 


16  APPENDIX. 


PRESIDENTIAL    ELECTORS. 


THE  election  of  the  President  and  of  the  Vice-President,  by  Colleges  of 
Electors,  chosen  in  each  State,  was  first  proposed  in  the  Convention  for  the 
formation  of  the  Constitution,  by  James  Wilson,  a  delegate  from  Pennsyl 
vania.  It  was  adopted  after  a  prolonged  discussion,  and  was  regulated  by 
an  Act  of  Congress,  of  March  1,  1792.  The  Electors  must  be  chosen  within 
thirty-four  days  preceding  the  first  Wednesday  of  December  of  the  year  in 
which  an  election  of  President  and  Vice-President  takes  place.  They  must  be 
equal  in  number  to  all  the  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress,  but  no 
Senator  or  person  holding  an  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  United  States 
can  be  appointed  an  Elector.  The  Electors  were  at  first  chosen  in  four  different 
modes,  viz. :- — by  joint  ballot  of  the  State  Legislature,  by  a  concurrent  vote  of 
the  two  branches  of  the  State  Legislature,  by  the  people  of  the  State,  voting 
by  general  ticket,  and  by  the  people,  voting  in  districts.  This  latter  mode  was 
evidently  that  which  gave  the  fairest  expression  to  public  opinion,  by  approach 
ing  nearest  to  a  direct  vote.  But  those  States  which  adopted  it  were  placed  at 
the  disadvantage  of  being  exposed  to  a  division  of  their  strength,  and  neutrali 
zation  of  their  vote ;  while  the  Electors  chosen  by  either  of  the  other  methods 
voted  in  a  body  on  one  side  or  the  other,  thus  making  the  voice  of  the  State 
decisively  felt.  This  consideration  induced  the  leading  States  of  Massachusetts 
and  of  Virginia,  which  originally  adopted  the  district  system,  to  abandon  it  in 
1800. 

The  Electors  meet  at  the  capitals  of  their  respective  States,  on  the  first  Wed 
nesday  of  December,  and  vote  by  distinct  ballots  for  President  and  Vice-Presi- 
deut,  one  of  whom  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with  themselves. 
They  make  lists  of  the  number  of  votes  given,  and  of  the  persons  voted  for, 
which  they  transmit  sealed,  by  a  special  messenger,  to  the  President  of  the  Se 
nate,  at  Washington. 

The  Senate  and  the  House  of  Representatives  having  met  in  convention,  on 
a  day  fixed,  the  President  of  the  Senate  opens  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes 
are  counted.  The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  President  is 
duly  elected,  if  such  a  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors 
appointed.  If  no  person  have  such  majority,  then  from  the  persons  having  the 
highest  number,  not  exceeding  three,  in  the  list  of  those  voted  for  as  President, 
the  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose,  immediately  and  by  ballot,  the  Pre 
sident.  If  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  not  choose  a  President,  when 
ever  the  right  of  choice  devolves  upon  them,  before  the  fourth  of  March  next 
following,  then  the  Vice-President  shall  act  as  President,  as  in  the  case  of  the 
death  or  other  constitutional  disability  of  the  President. 

Should  the  offices  of  President  and  Vice-President  both  become  vacant,  it 
then  becomes  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  State  to  communicate  information 
thereof  to  the  Executive  of  each  State,  and  to  cause  the  same  to  be  published 


APPENDIX. 


17 


in  at  least  one  newspaper  in  every  State,  giving  two  months'  previous  notice  that 
Electors  of  President  shall  be  chosen  or  appointed  in  the  several  States,  within 
thirty-four  days  next  preceding  the  first  Wednesday  in  December  ensuing,  when 
the  choice  of  President  must  proceed  as  usual. 


FIRST  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON  was  unanimously  elected  President,  receiving  69  votes. 
JOHN  ADAMS  was  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  34  votes ;  while  John  Jay  had 
9  votes,  Robert  II.  Harrison  6,  John  Rutledgc  G,  John  Hancock  4,  George  Clin 
ton  3,  Samuel  Iluntington  2,  James  Armstrong  1,  Edward  Telfair  1,  and  Benja 
min  Lincoln  1.  The  Electors  were : — 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Benjamin  Bellows, 
1.  John  Pickering,  2.  John  Parker, 


Caleb  Davis, 

1.  Samuel  Phillips,  Jr., 

2.  Walter  Spooner, 

3.  Francis  Dana, 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

4.  Moses  Gill, 

5.  Samuel  Henshaw, 

6.  William  Gushing, 


Ebenezer  Thompson. 
3.  John  Sullivan. 


David  Sewall. 

7.  William  Sever, 

8.  William  Shepard. 


CONNECTICUT. 
Samuel  Hunlington, 

1 .  Oliver  Wolcott,  3.  Richard  Law, 

2.  Thaddcus  Burr,  4.  Jedediah  Iluntington, 


Erastus  Wolcott. 

5.  Matthew  Griswold. 


NEW  JERSEY. 
David  Brcasley, 

1.  James  Kinsey,  3.  John  Neilson, 

2.  John  Rutherford, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
Edward  Hand, 

1.  George  Gibson, 

2.  James  O'Harra, 

3.  John  Arndt, 


Gunning  Bedford, 
1.  John  Baning. 

John  Rogers, 

1.  George  Plater, 

2.  Robert  Smith, 


4.  David  Grier, 

5.  Collinson  Read, 

6.  Samuel  Potts, 

DELAWARE. 


David  Moore. 

4.  Matthias  Ogden. 


James  Wilson. 

7.  Lawrence  Keene, 

8.  Alexander  Graydon. 


George  Mitchell. 


MARYLAND. 

Philip  Thomas. 

3.  WTilliam  Tilghman,  5.  Alexander  C.  Hanson, 

4.  William  Richardson,          6.  William  Mathews. 


VIRGINIA. 

Patrick  Henry,  W.  Tikhugh. 

1.  John  Pride,  4.  Anthony  Walke,  7.  John  Harvie, 

5.  James  Wood,  8.  John  Roane. 

6.  David  Stuart, 

2* 


2.  Edward  Stevens, 

3.  Zachariah  Johnston, 


18 


APPENDIX. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
Christopher  Gadsden,  Edward  Rutledge. 

1.  Henry  Lawrens,  3.  Charles  C.  Pinckney,        5.  John  F.  Grirnke. 

2.  Arthur  Simkins,  4.  Thomas  Hey  ward,  Jr., 

GEORGIA. 

George  Handley,  John  Wilson. 

1.  George  Walton,  2.  H.  Osborne,  8.  John  King. 


SECOND  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1793. 


GEORGE  WASHINGTON  was  again  unanimously  elected  President,  receiving  132 
votes.  JOHN  ADAMS  was  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  77  votes ;  while 
George  Clinton  had  50  votes,  Thomas  Jefferson  4,  and  Aaron  Burr  1.  The 
Electors  were : — 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Josiah  Bartlett,  Benjamin  Bellows. 

1 .  John  T.  Gilman,  3.  Jonathan  Freeman,  4.  Ebenezer  Thompson. 

2.  John  Pickering, 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
Azor  Orne, 

1.  Samuel  Holt  en,  6.  Walter  Spooner, 

2.  Ebenezer  Mattson,  Jr.,      7.  Moses  Gill, 

3.  Thomas  Dawes, 

4.  William  Sever, 

5.  Increase  Sumner, 


8.  Solomon  Freeman, 

9.  William  Shepard, 
10.  Nathaniel  Wells, 


Francis  Dana. 

11.  Thompson  J.  Shinner, 

12.  Daniel  Cony, 

13.  D wight  Foster, 

14.  Peleg  AVadsworth. 


RHODE   ISLAND. 

Arthur  Fenner,  Samuel  J.  Potter. 

1.  George  Champlin,  2.  William  Greene. 


CONNECTICUT. 
Samuel  Huntington, 

1.  Oliver  Wolcott,  4.  Elijah  Hubbard, 

2.  Thomas  Grosvenor,  5.  Thomas  Seymour, 

3.  David  Austin, 

VERMONT. 
Samuel  Hitchcock, 
1.  Lot  Hall,  2.  Paul  Brigham. 


John  Davenport,  Jr. 

6.  Sylvester  Gilbert, 

7.  Marvin  Wait. 


Lemuel  Chipman. 


NEW  YORK. 

Jesse  Woodhull,  David  Van  Ness. 

1.  Edward  Savage,  6.  William  Floyd,  8.  Stephen  Ward, 

2.  Samuel  Clark,  6.  Volkert  Veeder,  9.  John  Bay, 

3.  Johannes  Bruyn,  7.  Abraham  Ten  Eyck,        10.  Samuel  Osgood. 

4.  Abraham  Yates,  Jr., 


APPENDIX. 


19 


NEW  JERSEY. 

Thomas  II.  Sanderson, 

1.  Richard  Stockton,  3.  Joseph  Bloomfield, 

'2.  John  W.  Vanclcvc,  4.  Samuel  Dick, 


Aaron  D.  Woodruff. 

5.  Franklin  Davenport. 


William  Henry, 
Joseph  Htister, 
Thomas  Bull, 
Thomas  McKean, 
Cornelius  Coxe, 
Henry  Miller, 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

0.  Robert  Johnston, 

7.  John  Wilkins,  Jr., 

8.  John  Boyd, 

9.  David  Stewart, 

DELAWARE. 


James  Sykea, 
William  Hill  Wells. 

MARYLAND. 
Alexander  C.  Hanson, 

John  E.  Howard,  4.  William  Smith,* 

Levin  Winder,  5.  Richard  Potts, 

Thomas  Lee,  6.  Samuel  Hughes,* 


John  Wise, 

1.  Nathaniel  Wilkinson, 

2.  John  Early, 

3.  William  0.  Callis, 

4.  Catesby  Jones, 

5.  Elias  Langham. 

6.  Daniel  C.  Brent, 
~.  John  Dawson, 


VIRGINIA. 

8.  Stephen  T.  Mason, 

9.  John  Roane,  Jr., 

10.  Moses  Hunter, 

11.  James  Murdough, 

12.  Archibald  Stuart, 

13.  Michael  Bailey, 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 
Stephen  Cahnmes, 

1.  Alfred  Moore,  5.  Benjamin  Smith, 

2.  John  Mocon,  6.  John  M.  Binford, 

3.  Joel  Sane,  7.  Matthew  Lock, 

4.  R.  D.  Spaight, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
Charles  C.  Pinckney, 

1.  Andrew  Pickens,  3.  John  Barnwell, 

2.  John  Hunter,  4.  Edward  Rutledge, 

GEORGIA. 

Benjamin  Taliaferro, 
1.  John  King,  2.  Seaborn  Jones. 


Robert  Coleman. 

10.  James  Morris, 

11.  George  Latimer, 

12.  Robert  Hare, 

13.  Hugh  Lloyd. 


Gunning  Bedford. 


John  Seney. 

7.  William  Richardson, 

8.  Donaldson  Yates. 


George  Carrington. 

14.  John  Bowyer, 

15.  Thomas  Claiborne, 

16.  Maxwell  Armstrong, 

17.  John  Pride, 

18.  Claiborne  WatkiiiH, 

19.  Tarlton  Woodson. 


John  L.  Taylor. 

8.  Peter  Dange, 

9.  James  Taylor, 
10.  William  Porter. 


John  Chestnut. 

5.  Robert  Anderson, 

6.  John  Julius  Pringle. 

William  Gibbons. 


KENTUCKY. 

R.  C.  Anderson,  Charles  Scott. 

1.  Benjamin  Logan,  2.  Notley  Conn. 


*  Not  proaent. 


20 


APPENDIX. 


THIRD  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1797. 

JOHN  ADAMS  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  vote  of  New  Hamp 
shire,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island.  Connecticut,  Yermont,  New  York,  New 
Jersey  and  Delaware,  with  10  scattering  votes  from  other  States,  making  71  of 
the  140  votes  cast.  THOMAS  JEFFERSON  was  elected  Yice-President,  having  the 
next  highest  number  of  votes,  68 ;  while  Thomas  Pinkney  had  58,  Aaron  Burr 
30,  Samuel  Adams  15,  Oliver  Ellsworth  11,  George  Clinton  7,  John  Jay  5,  James 
Iredell  3,  Samuel  Johnston  2,  George  Washington  2,  John  Henry  2,  Charles  C. 
Pinckney  1.  The  Electors  were : — 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
John  T.  Oilman,  Timothy  Farrar. 

1.  Oliver  Peabody,  3.  Benjamin  Bellows,  4.  Timothy  Walker. 

2.  Ebenezer  Thompson, 


VERMONT. 
Elijah  Dewey, 
1.  Elisha  Sheldon,  2.  Oliver  Gallup. 


John  Bridgman. 


William  Sever, 

1.  Samuel  Holton, 

2.  Edward  H.  Robbins, 

3.  Elbridge  Gerry, 

4.  Ebenezer  Mattoon, 

5.  Samuel  Phillips, 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

6.  Increase  Sumner, 

7.  Thomas  Dawes, 

8.  David  Rosseter, 

9.  Nathaniel  Wells, 
10.  Ebenezer  Hunt, 


Stephen  Longfellow. 

11.  Elisha  May, 

12.  Joseph  Allen, 

13.  Thomas  Rice, 

14.  Ebenezer  Bacon. 


RHODE   ISLAND. 

Arthur  Fenner,  Samuel  J.  Potter. 

1.  George  Champlin,  2.  William  Greene. 


Oliver  Wolcott, 

1.  Jeremiah  Wadsworth, 

2.  Heman  Swift, 

3.  Elizur  Goodrich, 

Lewis  Morris, 

1.  Richard  Thome, 

2.  Peter  Cantine,  Jr., 

3.  A.  Ten  Broeck, 

4.  Obijah  Hammond, 

John  Neilson, 

1.  Aaron  Ogtlen, 

2.  John  Blackwood, 


CONNECTICUT. 

4.  William  Hart, 

5.  Elias  Perkins, 

NEW  YORK. 

6.  A.  Van  Vechten, 

6.  William  Root, 

7.  Peter  Smith, 

NEW  JERSEY. 

3.  Jonathan  Rhea, 

4.  William  Colefax, 


Jonathan  Trumbull. 

6.  Jesse  Root, 

7.  Jonathan  Sturges. 


*R.  Van  Rensselaer. 

8.  St.  John  Honeywood, 

9.  Charles  Newkirk, 
10.  Johannes  Miller. 


Caleb  Newbold. 

6.  Elisha  Lawrence. 


APPENDIX. 


21 


PENNSYLVANIA. 
Thomas  McKean, 

1.  James  Boyd,  6.  William  Irvine, 

2.  Joseph  lleister,  7.  Peter  Muhlcnberg, 

3.  William  Brown,  8.  Robert  Coleman, 

4.  John  Piper,  9.  Abraham  Smith, 

5.  John  Whitehill, 


Thomas  Robinson, 
1.  Richard  Basset  t. 

John  R.  Plater, 


DELAWARE. 


MARYLAND. 


1.  Francis  Deakins, 

4.  John  Roberts, 

2.  John  Gilpin, 

6.  John  Lynn, 

3.  George  Murdock, 

6.  John  Eccleston, 

VIRGINIA. 

William  Nimmo, 

1.  Nathaniel  Wilkinson, 

8.  Levin  Powell, 

2.  David  Saunders, 

9.  Benjamin  Temple, 

3.  John  Taylor, 

10.  Moses  Hunter, 

4.  Catesby  Jones, 

11.  Josiah  Riddick, 

5.  Wftson  C.  Nicolas, 

12.  Archibald  Stuart, 

6.  D.  Carroll  Brent, 

13.  John  Mason, 

7.  William  Madison, 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

James  Martin, 

1.  Gabriel  Raysdale, 

5.  James  Bradley, 

2.  John  Gray  Blout, 

6.  John  Hamilton, 

3.  John  Hamilton, 

7.  William  Martin, 

4.  William  Edmunds, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
Edward  Rutledge, 

1.  Andrew  Pickens,  3.  John  Chesnut, 

2.  William  Thomas,  4.  John  Mathews, 


John  Smilie. 

10.  Samuel  Miles, 

11.  Jacob  Morgan, 

12.  William  Maclay, 

13.  James  Hanna. 


Isaac  Cooper. 


John  Archer. 

7.  Gabriel  Duvall, 

8.  John  Done. 


William  Terry. 

14.  John  Bowyer, 

15.  Robert  Walker, 

16.  John  Brown, 

17.  George  Markham, 

18.  Robert  Crockett, 

19.  Peter  Johnson. 


Richard  D.  Spaight. 

8.  Evan  Alexander, 

9.  Anthony  Brown, 
10.  Sterling  Harwell. 


Arthur  Simkins. 

6.  Thomas  Taylor, 
6.  John  Rutledge,  Jr. 


James  Jackson, 
1.  Edward  Telfair, 


GEORGIA. 


2.  William  Barnett. 


Charles  Abercrombie. 


KENTUCKY. 
Stephen  Ormsby, 
1.  Isaac  Shelby,  2.  John  Coburn. 


Caleb  Wallace. 


Daniel  Smith, 
1.  Joseph  Greer. 


TENNESSEE. 


Hugh  Neilson. 


22 


APPENDIX. 


FOURTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1801. 

THOMAS  JEFFERSON  and  AARON  BURR  having  each  received  73  of  the  128 
electoral  votes  cast,  the  choice  devolved  upon  the  House  of  Representatives. 
The  73  votes  comprised  all  from  the  States  of  New  York,  Virginia,  Kentucky, 
Tennessee,  South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  with  8  from  Pennsylvania,  5  from  Mary 
land,  and  8  from  North  Carolina.  John  Adams  had  65  votes,  Charles  C.  Pinck- 
iTey  64,  and  John  Jay  1.  The  Electors  were : — 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Oliver  Peabody,  Benjamin  Bellows. 

1 .  John  Prentice,  3.  Ebenezer  Thompson,         4.  Arthur  Livermore. 

2.  Timothy  Farrar, 


Elijah  Dewey, 
1.  Jonathan  Hunt, 


VERMONT. 

2.  William  Chamberlain. 


Roswell  Hopkins. 


Samuel  Phillips, 

1.  E.  H.  Robbins, 

2.  Samuel  Sewall, 

3.  David  Rosseter, 

4.  Theophilus  Bradbury, 

5.  Ebenezer  Hunt, 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

G.  John  Hooker, 

7.  Walter  Spooner, 

8.  Joseph  Allen, 

9.  William  Sever, 
10.  S.  S.  Wilde, 


Francis  Dana. 

11.  William  Baylies, 

12.  Lemuel  Weeks, 

13.  Thomas  Dawes, 

14.  Andrew  P.  Fernald. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

George  Champlin,  Oliver  Davis. 

1.  Edward  Manton,  2.  William  Greene. 


CONNECTICUT. 
Jonathan  Trumbull,  Jonathan  Ingersoll. 

1.  John  Treadwell,  4.  Matthew  Griswold,  6.  J.  0.  Moseley, 

2.  Tapping  Reeve,  5.  Jonathan  Sturges,  7.  Stephen  M.  Mitchell. 

3.  Jesse  Root, 


Isaac  Ledyard, 

1.  Anthony  Lispenard, 

2.  Robert  Ellis, 

3.  P.  Van  Cortlandt,  Jr., 

4.  John  Woodworth, 

Isaac  Smith, 

1.  Thomas  Sinnickson, 

2.  M.  Williamson,  Jr., 


NEW  YORK. 

5.  James  Burt, 

6.  J.  Van  Rensselaer, 

7.  Gilbert  Livingston, 

NEW  JERSEY. 

3.  Richard  Stockton, 

4.  William  Griffith, 


Peter  Van  Ness. 

8.  Jacob  Eaker, 

9.  Thomas  Jenkins, 
10.  William  Floyd. 


Samuel  S.  Smith. 

5.  Joshua  L.  Howell. 


APPENDIX. 


23 


Frederick  Kuhn, 

1.  James  Armstrong, 

2.  John  Kean, 

3.  George  Ege, 

4.  Jonas  Hart/ell, 

5.  John  Hubley, 

Kensey  Johns, 
1.  Samuel  White. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

C.  Gabriel  Heister, 

7.  William  Hall, 

8.  Presly  Carr  Lane, 

9.  Samuel  W.  Fisher, 

DELAWARE. 


Samuel  Wctherill. 

10.  N.  B.  Borheau, 

11.  James  Crawford,  Sr. 

12.  Isaac  Van  Horn, 

13.  Robert  Whitehill. 


Nathaniel  Mitchell. 


MARYLAND. 
Edmund  Plowden,  Francis  Deakins. 

1.  George  Murdock,  4.  Perry  Spencer,  7.  Nicholas  B.  Moore, 

2.  John  Gilpin,  6.  Gabriel  Duvall,  8.  Littleton  Dennis. 

3.  Martin  Ksrshner,  6.  William  M.  Robertson, 


George  Wythe, 

1.  William  Newsum, 

2.  Richard  Brent, 

3.  William  H.  Cabell, 

4.  William  Ellzey, 

0.  James  Madison,  Jr., 
«).  John  Brown, 

7.  John  Page, 

William  Tate, 

1.  Joseph  Winston, 

2.  William  Martin, 

8.  Absalom  Tatom, 
4.  Bryan  Whitfield, 

John  Hunter, 

1.  Paul  Hamilton, 

2.  Andrew  Love, 


VIRGINIA. 

8.  John  Preston, 

9.  Thomas  Newton, 

10.  Hugh  Holmes, 

11.  Joseph  Jones, 

12.  Archibald  Stuart, 

13.  William  B.  Giles, 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

5.  Spruce  Macay, 
0.  Nathan  Mayo, 
7.  Joseph  Taylor, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

3.  Robert  Anderson, 

4.  Joseph  Blyth, 


Walter  Jones. 

14.  John  Shore, 

15.  Creed  Taylor, 
1C.  John  Bowyer, 

17.  Thomas  Reade,  Sr. 

18.  Daniel  Coleman, 

19.  George  Penn. 


Thomas  Brown. 

8.  Thomas  Wynns, 

9.  Gideon  Alston, 
10.  John  Hamilton. 


Arthur  Simkins. 

5.  Theodore  Gaillard, 

6.  Wade  Hampton. 


GEORGIA. 

"John  Morrison,  Henry  Graybil). 

1.  Dennis  Smelt,  2.  David  Blackshear. 

KENTUCKY. 

John  Coburn,  Charles  Scott. 

1.  John  Pope,  2   Isaac  Shelby 


Daniel  Smith, 
1.  John  Locke. 


TENNESSEE. 


Robert  Love. 


24 


APPENDIX. 


The  House  of  Representatives,  on  which  devolved  the  choice  between  Jeffer- 
son  and  Burr,  voted  to  commence  balloting  on  Wednesday,  the  eleventh  day  of 
February,  to  attend  to  no  other  business  while  the  election  was  pending,  and  not 
to  adjourn  until  a  choice  was  effected.  Seats  were  provided  upon  the  floor  for 
the  President  and  the  Senators,  but  during  the  act  of  balloting  the  galleries  were 
cleared  of  spectators,  and  the  doors  were  closed.  Upon  the  first  ballot,  New 
York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  Kentucky 
and  Tennessee,  (8,)  voted  for  Thomas  Jefferson ;  New  Hampshire,  Massachu 
setts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  Delaware  and  South  Carolina,  (6,)  voted  for 
Aaron  Burr;  and  the  votes  of  Vermont  and  Maryland,  (the  representatives  of 
which  were  divided,)  were  given  blank.  The  balloting  was  continued,  and  the 
House  remained  in  session,  nominally  without  adjournment,  for  seven  days, 
during  which  one  hundred  and  four  members  were  present.  Some  of  them  were 
so  infirm  or  indisposed  that  it  was  necessary  to  provide  beds  for  them,  and  one 
member,  who  was  quite  ill,  was  attended  by  his  wife.  On  the  thirty-sixth  ballot, 
which  was  taken  on  the  afternoon  of  the  seventeenth,  the  votes  of  Delaware  and 
South  Carolina  were  given  blank,  while  those  of  Vermont  and  Maryland  were 
given  to  Mr.  Jefferson,  and  elected  him.  The  Vice-Presidency,  of  course,  de 
volved  upon  Mr.  Burr. 


FIFTH   PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1805. 

THOMAS  JEFFERSON  was  re-elected  President,  receiving  162  of  the  176  votes 
cast.  This  comprised  the  entire  electoral  vote  of  all  the  States,  except  Con 
necticut,  Delaware  and  Maryland ;  the  two  first  of  which  threw  their  full  vote 
for  Charles  Cotesworth  Pinckney,  and  the  last  gave  nine  votes  for  Mr.  Jefferson 
and  two  for  Mr.  Pinckney.  GEORGE  CLINTON  was  elected  Vice-President  by  the 
same  majority  and  vote,  Rufus  King  receiving  fourteen  votes.  The  Electors 
were : — 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


John  Goddard, 

Robert  Alcock. 

1.  Levi  Bartlet, 

3.  Timothy  Walker. 

5.  William  Tarlton. 

2.  George  Aldrich, 

4.  Jonathan  Steele, 

VERMONT. 

Josiah  Wright, 

Nathaniel  Niles. 

1.  Samuel  Shaw, 

3.  Ezra  Butler, 

4.  John  Noyes. 

2.  William  Hunter, 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

James  Sullivan, 

Timothy  Newell. 

1.  Elbridge  Gerry, 

7.  Thomas  Kitteridge, 

13.  James  Warren, 

2.  John  Whiting, 

8.  John  Woodman, 

14.  John  Farley, 

8.  James  Bowdoin, 

9.  James  Winthrop, 

15.  John  Davis, 

4.  John  Bacon, 

10.  Charles  Turner, 

16.  Jonathan  Smith, 

5.  John  Huthorne, 

11.  Edward  Upham, 

17.  Josiah  Deane. 

G.  William  Heath, 

12.  Thomas  Fillebrown, 

APPENDIX. 


25 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

Constant  Tabcr,  James  Holme. 

1.  James  Aldrich,  2.  Benjamin  Remington. 


Jonathan  Trumbull, 
1.  John  Trcadwcll,  4. 

'2.  David  Smith,  5. 

•5.  Oliver  Ellsworth, 

Sylvester  Denipg, 

1.  James  Fairlic,  7. 

2.  Thomas  Brooks,  8. 

3.  Cornelius  Bergen,  9. 

4.  Matthias  B.  Ilildreth,  10. 

5.  John  Herring,  11. 
0.  William  Floyd,  12. 


CONNECTICUT. 

Asher  Miller, 
David  Daggett, 

NEW  YORK. 

Ezra  Thompson, 
Jonas  Earl, 
John  Wood, 
Joseph  Ellicott, 
Conrad  I.  ElmendorfF, 
Henry  Quackinboss, 


Lewis  B.  Sturges. 

0.  Sylvester  Gilbert, 
7.  Joshua  Huntington. 


John  Cramer. 

13.  Stephen  Miller, 

14.  Adam  Comstock, 

15.  Albert  Pawling, 

16.  Abraham  Bancker, 

17.  Isaac  Sargent. 


NEW  JERSEY. 

Solomon  Freligh,  Thomas  Newbold. 

1.  Alexander  Carmichael,      3.  Phineas  Manning,  5.  William  Rassell, 

2.  Moore  Furman,  4.  Jacob  Hufty,  6.  Abijah  Smith. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 


Charles  Thompson, 

Casper  Shaffner,  Jr. 

1.  William  Montgomery, 

7.  William  Brooke, 

13.  Henry  Spering, 

'2.  John  Bowman, 

8.  Jacob  Hostetter, 

14.  John  Minor, 

o.  Matthew  Lawler, 

9.  Thomas  Long, 

15.  James  Boyd, 

4.  William  Brown, 

10.  Jacob  Bonnett, 

16.  John  Hamilton, 

5.  Robert  McMullen, 

11.  Francis  Swaine, 

17.  Peter  Frailey, 

C.  George  Smith, 

12.  James  Montgomery, 

18.  Nathaniel  Irish. 

DELAWARE. 

Maxwell  Bines, 

Thomas  Fisher. 

1.  George  Kennard. 

MARYLAND. 

John  Parnham, 

Tobias  E.  Stansbury. 

1.  Joseph  Wilkinson, 

4.  William  Gleaves, 

7.  John  Tyler, 

2.  John  Gilpin, 

5.  Edward  Johnson, 

8.  Ephraim  K.  Wilson, 

3.  John  Johnson, 

6.  Perry  Spencer, 

9.  Frisby  Tilghman. 

VIRGINIA. 

Richard  Evers 

Lee, 

Richard  Field. 

1.  John  Goodrich, 

9.  George  Wythe, 

16.  Archibald  Stuart, 

2.  Thomas  Read, 

10.  Hugh  Holmes, 

17.  William  Ellzey, 

3.  Edward  Pegram, 

11.  John  Taylor, 

18.  James  McFarlane, 

4.  Creed  Taylor, 

12.  James  Dailey, 

19.  William  Dudley, 

5.  William  H.  Cabell, 

13.  Larkin  Smith, 

20.  John  Preston, 

C.  John  Taliaferro,  Jr., 

14.  James  Allen, 

21.  Mann  Page, 

7.  George  Penn, 

15.  John  Minor, 

22.  William  McKinley. 

8.  Richard  Brent, 

26 


APPENDIX. 


Felix  Walker, 

1.  Peter  Forney, 

2.  Lemuel  Sawyer, 

3.  Joseph  Williams, 

4.  James  Jones, 

John  Blake, 

1.  John1  Gaillard, 

2.  Arthur  Simkins, 

3.  Thomas  Taylor, 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

5.  Montford  Stokes, 

6.  Reading  Blount, 

7.  Solomon  Graves, 

8.  Bryan  Whitfield, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

4.  William  Hill, 

5.  Joseph  Blythe, 
G.  James  Miles, 


GEORGIA. 
Edward  Telfair, 

1.  David  Emanuel,  3.  Henry  Graybill, 

2.  John  Rutherford, 

KENTUCKY. 
Charles  Scott, 

1.  John  Coburn,  3.  Hubbard  Taylor, 

2.  Ninian  Edwards,  4.  Joseph  Lewis, 

TENNESSEE. 
David  Deaderich, 
1.  Richard  Mitchell,  2.  George  Ridley, 


William  Goforth, 
1.  Nathaniel  Massie. 


OHIO. 


Robert  Cochran. 

9.  Joseph  Taylor, 

10.  Samuel  Ashe,  Sr., 

11.  Joseph  John  Alston, 

12.  Gideon  Alston. 


Samuel  Warren. 

7.  Joseph  Calhoun, 

8.  John  Taylor. 


James  B.  Maxwell. 
4.  David  Cresswell. 


Isaac  Shelby. 

5.  William  Irvine, 

6.  William  Roberts. 


William  Martin. 

3.  Robert  Houston. 


James  Pritchard. 


SIXTH  PEESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1809. 

JAMES  MADISON  was  elected  President,  having  received  the  entire  electoral 
vote  of  Vermont,  Pennsylvania,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Tennessee,  Kentucky, 
and  Ohio,  and  13  of  the  19  votes  of  New  York,  9  of  the  11  of  Maryland,  and  11 
of  the  14  of  North  Carolina — in  all  122  of  the  175  votes  cast;  George  Clinton 
received  6  votes  of  New  York,  and  the  balance  (47)  were  given  to  Charles  Cotes- 
worth  Pinckney.  GEORGE  CLINTON  was  elected  Vice-Preside nt,  receiving  113 
votes,  while  Rufus  King  had  47,  James  Madison  3,  and  James  Monroe,  3.  The 
Electors  were : — 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Jeremiah  Smith,  Timothy  Farrar. 

1.  Oliver  Peabody,  3.  Samuel  Hale,  5.  Robert  Wallace. 

2.  Benjamin  West,  4.  Jonathan  Franklin, 


Israel  Smith, 

1.  Jonas  Galusha, 

2.  James  Tarbox, 


VERMONT. 


3.  John  White, 


Samuel  Shepardson. 
4.  William  Gaboon. 


APPENDIX. 


27 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


Caleb  Strong, 
1  .  Francis  Dana, 
2.  Ebenezer  Warren, 
3.  John  Brooks, 
4.  Samuel  Tobey, 
5.  Moses  Brown, 
6.  Joshua  Thomas, 

7.  William  Bartlett, 
8.  Lemuel  Williams, 
9.  Ebenezer  Bridge, 
10.  Andrew  Fernald, 
1J.  Benjamin  Hey  wood, 
12.  Samuel  Freeman, 

Daniel  Dewey. 
13.  Josiah  Stearns, 
14.  Samuel  S.  Wilde, 
l.r>.  John  Hooker, 
16.  Jeremiah  Bailey, 
17.  John  Barrett. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 
Thomas  P.  Ives, 
1.  C.  Fowler,  2.  Thomas  Noyes. 


Jonathan  Truinbull, 


CONNECTICUT. 


James  Rhodes. 


John  Cotton  Smith. 


1.  John  Treadwell, 

4.  Jesse  Root, 

6.  Frederick  Wolcott, 

2.  Stephen  T.  Hosmer, 

5.  Roger  Griswold, 

7.  Samuel  W.  Johnson. 

3.  David  Daggett, 

NEW  YORK. 

Ambrose  Spencer, 

Henry  Yates.  Jr. 

1.  Henry  Huntington, 

7.  John  Garretson, 

13.  James  Tallmage, 

2.  Benjamin  Mooers, 

8.  William  Hallock, 

14.  Hugh  Jamisou, 

3.  John  W.  Seaman, 

9.  Ebenezer  White, 

16.  Jonathan  Rouse, 

4.  Adam  B.  Vroman, 

10.  Russel  Atwater, 

16.  Matthew  Carpenter, 

f>.  Henry  Rutgers, 

11.  Thomas  Lawrence, 

17.  Micajah  Petit. 

t>.  Thomas  Shankland, 

12.  Joseph  Simonds, 

NEW  JERSEY. 

James  Mott, 

Benjamin  Egbert. 

1.  James  Morgan, 

8.  Amos  Harrison, 

5.  David  Welsh, 

2.  Thomas  Hendry, 

4.  George  Burgin, 

G.  Abijah  Smith. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
Charles  Thomson, 

1.  Thomas  Leiper,  7.  William  Rodman, 

2.  James  Cowden,  8.  Jacob  Hostetter, 

3.  Michael  Leib,  9.  Archibald  Darrah, 

4.  William  Wilson,  10.  David  Fullerton, 

5.  Joseph  Engle,  11.  Jacob  Weygandt, 

6.  Robert  Griffen,  12.  Peter  Kenimell, 


Adamson  Tannehill, 

13.  Joseph  Lefevre, 

14.  Joseph  Huston, 

15.  Gabriel  Heister,  Jr. 

16.  William  Montgomery, 

17.  George  Hartman, 

18.  John  McDowell. 


James  Booth, 
1.  Nicolas  Ridgely. 

John  R.  Plater, 

1.  Robert  Bowie, 

2.  Thomas  W.  Veazey, 

3.  Edward  Johnson, 


DELAWARE. 


Daniel  Rodney. 


MARYLAND. 

Tobias  E.  Stansbury. 

4.  Richard  Tilghman,  7.  John  Tyler, 

5.  John  Johnson,  8.  Henry  James  Carroll, 

6.  Earle  Perry  Spencer,        9.  Nathaniel  Rochester. 


28 


APPENDIX. 


VIRGINIA. 

Joseph  Goodwin,  Sr. 
1.  Edward  Pegram,  Sr.          9.  Hugh  Nelson, 


2.  Robert  Nelson, 

3.  Richard  Field, 

4.  Mann  Page, 

5.  Thomas  Read, 
G.  Richard  Barnes, 

7.  Joseph  Eggleston, 

8.  John  T.  Brooke, 

Francis  Locke, 

1.  Thomas  Wynns, 

2.  Kemp  Plummer, 

3.  Samuel  Ashe,  Sr. 

4.  Joseph  Taylor, 


10.  Hugh  Holmes, 

11.  George  Penn, 

12.  Osborne  Sprigg, 

13.  Philip  N.  Nicholas, 

14.  James  Allen, 

15.  Spencer  Roane, 


Benjamin  Harrison. 

16.  Archibald  Stuart, 

17.  John  Roane, 

18.  Andrew  Russell, 

19.  Robert  Taylor, 

20.  John  Preston, 

21.  Gustavus  B.  Horner, 

22.  AVilliam  McKinley. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Robert  Cleveland. 

5.  Murdoch  McKenzie,          9.  John  Winslow, 

6.  Peter  Forney,  10.  Joseph  Riddick, 

7.  Robert  Love,  11.  William  Gaston, 


8.  James  Rainey, 


12.  Henry  I.  Toole. 


Joseph  Gist, 

1.  John  Wilson,  4. 

2.  Langdon  Cheves,  5. 

3.  John  McMonies,  6, 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Paul  Hamilton, 
William  Strother, 
Samuel  Mays, 


Joseph  Bellinger. 

7.  William  Zimmerman, 

8.  William  Rouse. 


John  Rutherford, 

1.  John  Twiggs,  3. 

2.  Christopher  Clark, 

Samuel  Hopkins, 

1.  William  Logan,  3. 

2.  Robert  Trimble,  4. 

James  Robertson, 
1.  William  Martin, 


Nathaniel  Massie, 
1.  Stephen  Wood. 


GEORGIA. 
Henry  Graybill, 

KENTUCKY. 

Matthew  Walton, 
Hubbard  Taylor, 

TENNESSEE. 
James  Sevier, 

OHIO. 


David  Meriwether. 

4.  James  E.  Houston. 


Charles  Scott. 

5.  Robert  Ewing, 

6.  Christopher  Greenup. 


Joseph  Greer. 

3.  Baldwin  Hale. 


Thomas  McCune. 


APPENDIX. 


29 


SEVENTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1813. 

JAKES  MADISON  was  re-elected  President,  having  received  t'ie  entire  electoral 
vote  of  Vermont,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  North  and  South  Carolina,  Georgia, 
Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Ohio,  and  Louisiana,  and  G  of  the  11  votes  of  Maryland— 
in  all  128  of  the  217  votes  cast;  the  balance  (89)  were  given  for  Do  Witt  Clinton, 
of  New  York.  EMJKIDOK  (»ERRY  was  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  131 
votes ;  while  Jared  Ingersoll  had  86.  The  Electors  were : — 


John  Goddard, 

1.  Oliver  Peabody, 

2.  Benjamin  West, 


Nathaniel  Niles, 

1.  Noah  Chittenden, 

2.  William  A.  Griswold, 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

3.  Samuel  Hale, 

4.  Caleb  Ellis, 

VERMONT. 

3.  William  Slade, 

4.  Elihu  Luce, 


Timothy  Farrar. 

6.  Nathan  Taylor, 
G.  Jonathan  Franklin. 


Josiah  Wright. 

6.  John  II.  Andrus, 
6.  Mark  Richards. 


William  Heath, 

1.  Harrison  G.  Otis, 

2.  Joshua  Thomas, 

3.  NM than  Dane, 

4.  David  Scudder, 

6.  Jeremiah  Nelson, 
G.  Lathrop  Lewis, 

7.  Abraham  Bigloe, 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

8.  Nathaniel  Goodwin, 

9.  John  Walker, 

10.  Samuel  Parris, 

11.  George  Bliss, 

12.  Abiel  Wood, 

13.  Benjamin  Heywood, 

14.  Lemuel  Paine, 


John  W.  Hurlbert. 

15.  Eleazer  James, 

16.  James  McLellan, 

17.  E.  Williams, 

18.  William  Crosby, 

19.  Isaac  Maltby, 

20.  Israel  Thorndike. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

Christopher  Fowler,  William  Rhodes. 

1.  Samuel  G.  Arnold,  2.  Ephraim  Bowen. 


Nathaniel  Terry, 

1.  Theodore  Dwight,  4. 

2.  James  Gould,  5. 

3.  David  Daggett, 

Joseph  C.  Yates, 

1.  Simeon  De  Witt,  10. 

•2.  Robert  Jenkins,  11. 

3.  Archibald  Mclntyre,  12. 

4.  M.  S.  Van  Dercook,  13. 
6.  John  C.  Hodgeboom,  14. 

6.  George  Palmer,  Jr.  15. 

7.  G.  S.  Mumford,  1G. 

8.  James  Hill,  17. 

9.  J.  Delamontagnie,  18. 


CONNECTICUT. 

Stephen  T.  Hosmer, 
Calvin  Goddard, 

NEW  YORK. 

William  Kirby, 
P.  Van  Cortlandt, 
Henry  Frey, 
John  Chandler, 
Tho.  H.  Hubbard, 
Henry  Huntington, 
John  Russell, 
John  Woodworth, 
James  S.  Kipp, 


Daniel  Putnam. 

6.  Jonathan  Barnes, 

7.  S.  B.  Sherwood. 


David  Van  Ness. 

19.  David  Boyd, 

20.  Jotham  Jayne, 

21.  Cornelius  Bergen, 

22.  Jonathan  Stanley,  Jr. 

23.  Joseph  Perine, 

24.  William  Burnet, 

25.  Chauncey  Belknap, 

26.  George  Rosecrantz, 

27.  John  Dill. 


30 


APPENDIX. 


NEW  JERSEY. 

Matthew  Whillden,  William  Griffith. 

1.  William  B.  Ewing,  3.  Franklin  Davenport,         5.  Jacob  Losey, 

2.  Elias  Conoyer,  4.  Andrew  Howell,  6.  William  McGill. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


Walter  Franklin, 


1.  David  Mitchell, 

9.  Joseph  Engle, 

2.  David  Fullerton, 

10.  Chas.  Shoemaker, 

3.  Paul  Cox, 

11.  James  Fulton, 

4.  Samuel  Smyth, 

12.  James  Mitchell, 

5.  Isaac  Worrell, 

13.  Isaiah  Davis, 

G.  Robert  Smith, 

14.  John  Murray, 

7.  Michael  Baker, 

15.  John  Whitehill, 

8.  Nathaniel  Mickler, 

16.  Clement  Paine, 

Hugh  Glasgow. 

17.  Edward  Crouch, 
Jr.      18.  Joseph  Reed, 

19.  Henry  Allshouse, 

20.  Alexander  Dysart, 

21.  James  Stephenson, 

22.  David  Mead, 

23.  Abia  Minor. 


Jas.  L.  Clayton, 
1.  Benjamin  Blackiston, 


DELAWARE. 


2.  Thomas  Fisher. 


James  Sykes. 


MARYLAND. 
Henry  H.  Chapman, 

1 .  Edward  H.  Calvert,  4.  Thomas  Worrell, 

2.  Thomas  W.  Veazey,  5.  John  Stephen, 

3.  Edward  Johnson,  6.  Edward  Lloyd, 


Tobias  E.  Stansbury. 

7.  Henry  Williams, 

8.  Littleton  Dennis, 

9.  Daniel  Kentch. 


Richard  Henry  Lee, 

1.  Benjamin  Harrison,  9. 

2.  Robert  Nelson,  10. 

3.  Edward  Pegram,  11. 

4.  Mann  Page,  12. 

5.  Richard  Field,  13. 

6.  Walter  Jones,  14. 

7.  Thomas  Read,  15. 

8.  John  T.  Brooke,  1C. 


VIRGINIA. 


Matthew  Cheatham, 
Hugh  Holmes, 
William  Armistead, 
Daniel  Morgan, 
Charles  Yancey, 
Archibald  Rutherford, 
George  Penn, 
Archibald  Stuart, 


Gustavus  B.  Horner. 

17.  W.  G.  Poindexter, 

18.  Andrew  Russell, 

19.  Spencer  Roane, 

20.  Charles  Taylor, 

21.  Sthreshly  Rennolda, 

22.  W.  McKinley, 

23.  Robert  Taylor. 


William  H.  Murfree, 

1.  Redar  Ballard,  6. 

2.  James  Rainey,  7. 

3.  James  Bright,  8. 

4.  Francis  Locke,  9. 

5.  Thomas  D.  King, 

James  Campbell, 

1.  John  Johnson,  4. 

2.  John  McCreary,  5. 

3.  Andrew  Pickens,  6. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Montfort  Stokes, 
James  W.  Clarke, 
Joseph  Uniston, 
H.  G.  Burton, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

William  Smith, 
William  Caldwell, 
William  Alston, 


James  Mebane. 

10.  Jonathan  Hampton, 

11.  Thomas  Davis, 

12.  Henry  Massey, 
33.  Kemp  Plummer. 


Reuben  Starke. 

7.  Samuel  Johnson, 

8.  Richard  Singleton, 

9.  Sampson  Butler. 


APPENDIX. 


31 


GEORGIA. 
Daniel  Stewart, 

1.  Henry  Grnybill,  3.  Charles  Harris, 

'2.  Oliver  Porter,  4.  Henry  Mitchell, 


Robert  Ewing, 

1.  William  Casey, 

2.  Robert  Mosby. 

3.  Samuel  Murrell, 

4.  Hubbard  Taylor, 

E.  K.  Dulany, 
1.  Henry  Bradford, 
'2.  Thomas  Washington, 


KENTUCKY. 

5.  Samuel  Caldwell, 
(>.  Duval  Payne, 
7.  Richard  Taylor, 

TENNESSEE. 

3.  James  Trimble, 

4.  David  McEwen, 


John  Twiggt. 

5.  John  Kiithi-rtonl, 
0.  John  Howard. 


William  Irvine. 

8.  Walker  Baylor, 

9.  William  Logan, 
10.  T.  D.  Owings. 


William  Trigg. 

5.  James  McCampbell, 
(>.  Thomas  Johnson. 


OHIO. 
John  Jones, 

1.  .Matthias  Corwin,  3.  David  Purviance, 

2.  D.  Abbott,  (not  present)    4.  Thomas  Ijams, 


Julien  Poydra?, 
1.  Philemon  Thomas. 


LOUISIANA. 


James  Pritchard. 
5.  James  Dunlap, 
G.  John  Hamm. 


Stephen  A.  Hopkins. 


EIGHTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1817. 

JAMES  MONROE  was  elected  President,  having  received  the  entire  electoral 
vote  of  every  State  except  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  and  Delaware— in  all 
183  of  the  217  votes  cast;  the  remaining  34  being  given  for  Rufus  King.  DANIEL 
D.  TOMPKINS  was  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  183  votes ;  while  John  E. 
Howard  had  22  votes,  James  Ross  5,  John  Marshall  4,  and  Robert  (J.  Harper  3. 
The  Electors  were : — 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Thomas  Manning, 

1.  Benjamin  Butler,  3.  William  Badger, 

"2.  Jacob  Tuttle,  4.  Thomas  C.  Drew, 


Richard  H.  Ayer. 

5.  Amos  Cogswell, 

6.  Dan  Young. 


J.  Robinson, 

1.  Apollas  Austin, 

2.  Asaph  Fletcher, 


VERMONT. 

3.  Robert  Holly, 

4.  John  H.  Cotton, 


James  Roberts. 

5.  William  Brayton, 

6.  Isaiah  Fisk. 


32 


APPENDIX. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 
Christopher  Gore, 

1.  Prentiss  Mellan,  8.  S.  Longfellow,  Jr. 

9.  Joseph  Locke, 

10.  William  Abbot, 

11.  Thomas  Dwight, 

12.  Timothy  Routelle, 

13.  Peter  Bryant, 


2.  Jonas  Kendall, 

3.  Israel  Thorndike, 

4.  E.  H.  Robbins, 

5.  Benj.  Pickman,  Jr. 

6.  John  Low, 

7.  David  A.  White, 


14.  Luther  Carey, 


RHODE  ISLAND. 
James  Fenner, 
1.  Thomas  Pitman,  2.  Dutee  Arnold. 

CONNECTICUT. 
Jonathan  Ingersoll, 

1.  Nathaniel  Terry,  4.  Elijah  Ilubbard, 

2.  Elisha  Sterling,  5.  Jirah  Isham, 

3.  Seth  P.  Staples, 

NEW  YORK. 
Henry  Rutgers, 

1.  Lemuel  Chipman, 

2.  Artemus  Aldrich, 

3.  John  W.  Seaman, 

4.  Henry  Becker, 
6.  Jacob  Drake, 

6.  Aaron  Searing, 

7.  James  Farlie, 

8.  Israel  W.  Clark, 

9.  Augustus  Wright, 


Lewis  Moore, 

1.  Aaron  Kitchell, 

2.  Daniel  Garrison, 


Paul  Cox, 

1.  David  Mitchell, 

2.  James  Wilson, 

3.  John  Geyer, 

4.  Gabriel  Heister, 

5.  Daniel  Bussier, 

6.  James  Meloy, 

7.  John  Conrad, 

8.  James  Banks, 


10.  Daniel  Root, 

11.  P.  S.  VanOrden, 

12.  Montgomery  Hunt, 

1 3.  J.  W.  Van  Wyck, 

14.  Nicholl  Fosdick, 

15.  J.  D.  Monell, 

16.  E.  Edmonds, 

17.  John  Blake,  Jr. 

18.  George  Petit. 

NEW  JEKSEY. 

3.  David  Welsh, 

4.  William  Rossell, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

9.  William  Brooke, 

10.  Robert  Clark, 

11.  Isaac  Anderson, 

12.  Abiel  Fellows, 

13.  Matthew  Roberts, 

14.  David  Marchand, 

15.  John  Mohler, 

16.  Thomas  Patterson, 


Bezabeel  Taft. 

15.  Daniel  Howard, 

16.  William  Phillips, 

17.  Wendell  Davis, 

18.  Josiah  Stebbins, 

19.  Seth  Washburn, 

20.  Thomas  H.  Perkins. 


Edward  Wilcox. 


William  Perkins. 

6.  Asa  Willey, 

7.  S.  W.  Johnson. 


Alexander  McNish. 

19.  Jacob  Wertz, 

20.  Richard  Townley, 

21.  Gabriel  North, 

22.  Samuel  Lawrence, 

23.  Charles  E.  Dudley, 

24.  Nathaniel  Rochester, 

25.  Benjamin  Smith, 

26.  Worthy  L   Churchel, 

27.  Samuel  Lewis. 


Charles  Ogden. 

5.  John  Crowell, 

6.  Robert  McNeely. 


M.  Fackenthal. 

17.  John  Harrison, 

18.  Joseph  Huston, 

19.  Jacob  Hostetter, 

20.  Samuel  Scott, 

21.  John  Rea, 

22.  James  Alexander, 

23.  William  Gilliland. 


DELAWARE. 

Thomas  Robinson,  Andrew  Barratt. 

1.  Isaac  Tunnell,  2.  Nicholas  Ridgely. 


APPENDIX. 


33 


MARYLAND. 

William  D.  Bcall.  George  Warner. 
1.  Joseph  Kent,                      4.  Benjamin  Massy,  7.  John  Bucbanan, 

'2.  William  C.  Miller,  ."•.  .Mm  Stephen,  8.  Littleton  Dennis, 

3.  Edward  Johnson,  G.  Thomas  Knnalls,  9.  Lawrence  Brcngle. 


George  Newton. 
1.  Charles  H.  Graves, 
'2.  Hugh  Holmes, 

3.  John  Pegram, 

4.  Archibald  Rutherford, 
f>.  John  Purnall, 

G.  Archibald  Stuart, 

7.  Joseph  C.  Cabell, 

8.  Andrew  Russell, 


VIRGINIA. 

0.  Charles  Yancey, 

10.  Charles  Taylor, 

11.  Spencer  Roane, 

12.  Robert  B.  Starke, 

13.  Sthreshly  Reynolds, 

14.  William  Archer, 
1").  Robert  Taylor, 
16.  Benjamin  Cook, 


John  T.  Brooke. 

17.  Isaac  Foster, 

18.  Wm.  Brockenbrough, 

19.  Brazure  W.  Pry  or, 

20.  Daniel  Morgan, 

21.  William  Jones, 

22.  John  Edie, 

23.  William  Lee  Ball. 


Robert  Love, 
1.  Jesse  Franklin, 
•2.  John  Hall, 

3.  Peter  Forney, 

4.  Thomas  Wynns, 
">.  Francis  Locke, 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

li.  Joseph  Riddick, 

7.  Abraham  Phillips, 

8.  James  Hoskins, 

9.  Alexander  Gray, 


Nathaniel  Jones. 

10.  Vine  Allen, 

11.  Joseph  Pukett, 

12.  Thomas  D.  King, 

13.  Thomas  Ruffin. 


SOVTH  CAROLINA. 
William  Garret t, 

1.  Philemon  Bradford,  4.  Thomas  Lee, 

2.  Thomas  Evans,  5.  Frederick  Nance, 

3.  William  McKeralls,  6.  John  L.  Wilson, 


James  Duff. 

7.  John  Thomas, 

8.  Joseph  Reid, 

9.  Richard  B.  Screven. 


David  Adams, 

1.  John  Mclntosh, 

2.  John  Clark, 


GEORGIA. 

3.  Jared  Irwin, 

4.  John  Rutherford, 


Charles  Harris. 

5.  Henry  Mitchell, 
G.  David  Meri wether. 


Duvall  Payne, 

1.  Hubbard  Taylor, 

2.  William  Logan, 

3.  Robert  Trimble, 

4.  Alexander  Adair, 


KENTUCKY. 

5.  Thomas  Bodley, 

6.  Samuel  Caldwell, 

7.  Willis  A.  Lee, 


TENNESSEE. 
Alfred  M.  Carter. 

1.  Joseph  Hamilton,  3.  David  Campbell, 

2.  M.  McClanohan,  4.  Samuel  Buchanan, 

3* 


Richard  Taylor. 

8.  Samuel  Murrell, 

9.  William  Irvine, 
10.  Robert  Ewing. 


Robert  Allen. 

5.  Adam  Huntsman 

6.  James  Baxter. 


34 


APPENDIX. 


OHIO. 

John  G.  Young, 

1.  Aaron  Wheeler,  3.  John  Patterson, 

2.  Othniel  Looker,  4.  Benjamin  Haugh, 


Jesse  L.  Holman, 
1.  Joseph  Bartholomew. 

Garrigues  Flanjac, 
1.  John  R.  Grimes. 


INDIANA. 


LOUISIANA. 


Abraham  Shepherd. 

5.  William  Skinner, 

6.  James  Curry. 

Thomas  H.  Blake. 
Squire  Lea. 


NINTH   PRESIDENTIAL   ELECTION— 1821. 

JAMES  MOXROE  was  re-elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote 
of  every  State  (228)  except  New  Hampshire,  of  which  one  vote  was  thrown  for 
John  Quincy  Adams.  DANIEL  D.  TOMPKINS  was  elected  Yice-President,  receiv 
ing  215  votes;  while  Richard  Stockton  had  8  votes,  Daniel  Rodney  4,  Robert  G. 
Harper  1,  and  Richard  Rush  1.  The  Electors  were: — 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
William  Plumer, 

1.  David  Barker,  3.  William  Fisk, 

2.  Nathaniel  Shannon,  4.  Ezra  Bartlett, 


John  Pendexter. 

5.  Samuel  Dinsmoor, 

6.  James  Smith. 


James  Galusha, 

1.  Gilbert  Denison, 

2.  Daniel  A.  A.  Buck, 


VERMONT. 

8.  Pliny  Smith, 
4.  Ezra  Butler, 


William  Slade,  Jr. 
5.  Aaron  Leland, 
G.  Timothy  Stanley. 


John  Adams, 

1.  William  Phillips, 

2.  Thomas  H.  Blood, 

3.  William  Gray, 

4.  Jonas  Sibley, 

5.  Daniel  Webster, 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

Seth  Sprague. 

6.  Ezra  Starkweather,          10.  John  Davis, 

7.  B.  W.  Crowninshield, 

8.  Wendell  Davis, 

9.  John  Heard, 


11.  Samuel  Dana, 

12.  Joseph  Woodbridge, 

13.  Ebenezer  Mattoon. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

James  Fenner,  Robert  F.  Noyes. 

1.  Dutee  J.  Pearce,  2.  Dutee  Arnold. 


Henry  Seymour, 
1   Samuel  Welles, 

2.  William  Cogswell, 

3.  William  Moseley, 


CONNECTICUT. 

Isaiah  Loomis. 

4.  John  Alsop,  6.  S.  W.  Crawford, 

5.  Ebenezer  Brockway,          7.  Samuel  H.  Phillips. 


APPENDIX. 


35 


NEW  YORK. 


William  Floyd, 

John  Baker. 

1.  Henry  Rutgers, 

10.  Ferrand  Stranahan, 

19.  David  Hammond, 

2.  John  Walworth. 

11.  Jacob  Odell, 

20.  Wm.  B.  Rochester, 

3.  Abel  Huntington, 

12.  Henry  Wager, 

21.  Mark  Spencer, 

4.  Daniel  McDougall, 

13.  Peter  Waring, 

22.  Charles  Thompson, 

6   Edward  Scverich, 

14.  Elisha  Harnham, 

23.  Benjamin  Knower, 

6.  Seth  Wetmore, 

15.  Edward  P.  Livingston,    -I.  Philetus  Swift, 

7.  Isaac  Lawrence, 

16.  Jonathan  Collins, 

25.  Gilbert  Eddy, 

8.  Lathnm  A.  Burrows, 

17.  Peter  Millikin, 

26.  James  Brisban, 

9.  John  Targee, 

18.  Samuel  Nelson, 

27.  Howell  Gardner. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

David  Mills, 

Samuel  L.  Southard. 

1.  John  Wilson, 

3.  John  Crowell, 

6.  Aaron  Vansychel, 

2.  Joseph  Budd, 

4.  Isaiah  Shiun, 

6.  John  L.  Sirilth. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Thomas  Leiper, 

James  P.  Sanderson. 

1.  Paul  Cox, 

9.  Andrew  Gilkerson, 

17.  D.  W.  Dingman, 

2.  William  Clinghan, 

10.  George  Plainer, 

18.  Hugh  Davis, 

3.  Daniel  Groves, 

11.  John  Hamilton, 

19.  Gabriel  Heist  er, 

4.  George  Barnitz, 

12.  George  Hebb, 

20.  Patrick  Farrelly, 

6.  Chandler  Price, 

13.  James  Kerr, 

21.  John  Todd, 

6.  James  Griffen, 

14.  Andrew  Button, 

22.  Melchior  Rahm,  (de 

7.  Pierce  Crosby, 

15.  William  Mitchell, 

ceased,) 

8.  John  Miley, 

16.  Joseph  Huston, 

23.  Philip  Benner. 

DELAWARE. 

Peter  Robinson, 

Nicholas  Ridgely. 

1.  John  Clark, 

2.  Andrew  Barratt. 

MARYLAND. 

James  Forrest, 

Elias  Brown. 

1.  Robert  W.  Bowie, 

4.  William  R.  Stuart, 

7.  William  Gabby, 

2.  John  Forward, 

5.  A.  McKim, 

8.  Joshua  PrHeaux, 

3.  John  Stephen, 

6.  John  Boon, 

9.  Michael  C.  Sprigg. 

VIRGINIA. 

William  C.  Holt, 

Thomas  Brown. 

1.  Charles  II.  Graves, 

9.  B.  T.  Arthur, 

17.  W.  Breckenbrough, 

2.  Robert  Shields, 

10.  Hugh  Holmes, 

18.  Andrew  Russell, 

3.  John  Pegram, 

11.  William  C.  Rives, 

19.  Armistead  Hoomes, 

4.  William  Jones, 

12.  W.  Armstrong,  Jr. 

20.  Samuel  Blackburn, 

6.  R.  B.  Stark, 

13.  Charles  Yancey, 

21.  James  Hunter, 

6.  John  Taliaferro, 

14.  Archibald  Rutherford 

,    22.  John  Edie, 

7.  John  Purnall, 

15.  Joseph  Martin, 

23.  Robert  Taylor. 

8.  John  T.  Brook, 

16.  Archibald  Stuart, 

36 


APPENDIX. 


Robert  Love, 

1 .  Jesse  Franklin, 

2.  John  Hall, 

3.  Michael  McLeary, 

4.  George  Outlaw, 

5.  Francis  Locke, 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

6.  C.  E.  Johnson, 

7.  Abraham  Phillips, 

8.  Lewis  D.  Wilson, 

9.  Alexander  Gray, 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
Benjamin  James, 

1.  L.  M.  Ayer,  4.  John  Dunovant, 

'2.  Isaac  Smith,  5.  Matthew  J.  Kirth, 

3.  John  S.  Glascock,  G.  Rasha  Cannon, 


Kinborough  Jones. 

10.  H.  J.  G.  Ruffin, 

11.  B.  H.  Covington, 

12.  Thomas  Kenan, 

13.  James  Mebane. 


Benjamin  Rynalcls. 

7.  Benjamin  Dickson, 

8.  William  A.  Ball, 

9.  Charles  Miller. 


Oliver  Porter, 

1.  Henry  Mitchell, 

2.  John  Rutherford, 


GEORGIA. 

3.  John  Mclntosh, 

4.  John  Foster, 


John  Graves. 

5.  David  Meriwether, 

6.  Benjamin  AVhitaker. 


KENTUCKY". 
Samuel  Murrel, 

1.  E.  M.  Ewing,  ">.  John  E.  King, 

2.  Willis  A.  Lee,  6.  Jesse  Bledsoe, 

3.  S.  Caldwell,  7.  John  Pope, 

4.  James  Johnson, 


A.  M.  Carter, 

1.  J.  Hamilton,  Sr. 

2.  German  Lester, 


TENNESSEE. 

o.  David  Campbell, 
4.  Henry  Small, 


Martin  D.  Ilardin. 

8.  Thomas  Bodley, 

9.  Richard  Taylor, 
10.  Hubbard  Taylor. 


Joseph  Dickson. 

5.  John  J.  White. 


MISSOURI. 


William  Shannon, 
1.  William  Christy. 

William  Moody, 

1.  Joshua  Unigate,  Jr.  4. 

2.  Joshua  Gage,  5. 

3.  Elisha  Allen, 

Jeremiah  Morrow, 

1.  William  H.  Harrison,        3. 

2.  James  Kilbourne,  4. 


John  S.  Brickey. 


MAINE. 

Lemuel  Trescott. 

Josiah  Prescott,  6.  Levi  Hubbard, 

William  Chadwick,  7.  Samuel  Tucker. 

OHIO. 

James  Caldwell. 

Alexander  Campbell,         5.  Robert  Lucas, 
John  McLaughlin,  6.  Lewis  Dille. 


Nathaniel  Ewing, 
1 .  Daniel  J.  Caswell. 

James  B.  Moore, 
1.  Michael  Jones. 


INDIANA. 


ILLINOIS 


John  H.  Thompson. 


A.  F.  Hubbard. 


APPENDIX. 


37 


.lohn  Scott, 
1.  Henry  Minor. 

Duncan  Stewart, 
1.  Theodore  Stark. 

Philemon  Thomas, 
1.  Daniel  L.  Todd. 


ALABAMA. 


MISSISSIPPI. 


LOUISIANA. 


George  Phillips. 


Daniel  Burnet. 


John  R.  Grymes. 


TENTH   PRESIDENTIAL   ELECTION— 1825. 

John  Quincy  Adams,  Andrew  Jackson,  "William  IT.  Crawford,  and  Henry 
Clay  were  candidates,  and  the  Electoral  College  not  giving  either  of  them  the 
requisite  majority,  (132  votes,)  the  choice  again  devolved  upon  the  House  of 
Representatives,  when  MR.  ADAMS  was  elected.  Andrew  Jackson  received  the 
entire  electoral  vote  of  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  North  Carolina,  South  Caro 
lina,  Tennessee,  Indiana,  Mississippi,  and  Alabama,  1  of  the  36  votes  of  New  York, 
7  of  the  11  votes  of  Maryland,  3  of  the  5  votes  of  Louisiana,  and  1  of  the  3  votes 
of  Illinois.  John  Quincy  Adams  received  the  entire  vote  of  Maine,  New  Hamp 
shire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  and  Connecticut,  and  26  of  the 
36  votes  of  New  York,  1  of  the  3  votes  of  Delaware,  3  of  the  11  votes  of  Mary 
land,  2  of  the  5  votes  of  Louisiana,  and  1  of  the  3  votes  of  Illinois.  William  H. 
Crawford  received  the  entire  vote  of  Virginia  and  of  Georgia,  and  5  of  the  36 
votes  of  New  York,  2  of  the  3  votes  of  Delaware,  and  1  of  the  11  votes  of  Mary 
land.  Henry  Clay  received  the  entire  vote  of  Kentucky,  Ohio,  and  Missouri, 
and  4  of  the  36  votes  of  New  York.  JOH.V  C.  CAUIOUN  was  elected  Vice-Presi- 
dent,  receiving  182  votes;  while  Nathan  Sanford  had  30  votes,  Nathaniel  Macon 
24,  Andrew  Jackson  13,  Martin  Van  Buren  9,  and  Henry  Clay  2.  The  Electors 


Josiah  Bartlett, 

1.  William  Badger, 

2.  Caleb  Reith, 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

3.  Samuel  Quarles, 

4.  Moses  White, 


Abel  Parker. 

5.  William  Fisk, 
G.  Hall  Burgin. 


William  Gray, 

1.  Levi  Lincoln, 

2.  Enos  Foot, 

3.  T.  L.  Winthrop, 

4.  William  Walker, 

5.  X.  Silsbee, 

Caleb  Earle, 
1.  Stephen  B.  Cornell, 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

0.  John  Endicot, 

7.  Joseph  Kettredge, 

8.  Thomas  Weston, 

9.  Augustus  Tower, 

RHODE  ISLAND. 
2.  Charles  Eldridge. 


Oliver  Smith. 

10.  Cornelius  Grinnell, 

11.  Jonathan  Davis, 

12.  Hezekiah  Barnard, 

13.  Edmund  Gushing. 


Elisha  Watson. 


38 


APPENDIX. 


Calvin  Willey, 

1.  Oliver  Wolcott, 

2.  John  Swathel, 


CONNECTICUT. 

3.  Rufus  Hitchcock, 

4.  Lemuel  White, 


David  Keys. 

5.  David  Hill, 

6.  Moses  Warren. 


Jonas  Galusha, 

1.  Titus  Hutchinson, 

2.  Dan  Carpenter, 


VERMONT. 

3.  Joseph  Burr, 

4.  Asa  Aldis, 


Nathan  Thompson, 


1.  Darius  Bentley, 

2.  Thomas  Lawyer, 

3.  Micah  Brooks, 

4.  E.  B.  Crandale, 

5.  Pierre  A.  Barker, 

6.  Samuel  Hicks, 

7.  Joseph  Sibley, 

8.  Edward  Savage, 

9.  Timothy  H.  Porter, 

10.  Benjamin  Mooers, 

11.  Samuel  Russell, 

12.  Chester  Patterson, 

Peter  Wilson, 

1.  Daniel  Vliet, 

2.  James  Cook, 


NEW  YORK. 

Marinus  Willett, 
Phineas  Coon, 
Ebenezer  Sage, 
Azariah  Smith, 
Richard  Blanvelt, 
Eleazer  Burnham, 
Abraham  Stagg, 
Solomon  St.  John, 
John  Drake, 
Elisha  B.  Strong, 
James  Drake, 

NEW  JERSEY. 


3.  Jacob  Kline, 

4.  James  Parker, 


13. 
14. 
15. 

16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 


John  Mason. 

5.  Jabez  Proctor. 


William  Townsend. 

24.  Clark  Crandall, 

25.  Isaac  Sutherland, 

26.  I.  Sutherland, 

27.  William  Walsh, 

28.  J.  Lansing,  JB. 

29.  Alexander  J.  Coffin, 

30.  Benjamin  Bailey, 

31.  Benjamin  Smith, 

32.  Samuel  Smith, 

33.  Elisha  Dorr, 

34.  Heman  Cady. 


John  Buck. 

5.  Joseph  Kille, 

6.  J.  W.  Scott. 


Thomas  Leiper, 

1.  Cromwell  Pearce, 

2.  Valentine  Giesey, 

3.  Philip  Peltz, 

4.  John  Reed, 

5.  A.  McCaraher, 

6.  James  Duncan, 

7.  Daniel  Sheffer, 

8.  John  Boyd, 

9.  Daniel  Raul, 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

10.  Abraham  Addams. 

11.  Joseph  Engle, 

12.  Isaac  Smith, 

13.  John  Pugh, 

14.  William  Thomson, 

15.  Adam  Ritscher, 

16.  Asa  Mann, 

17.  Charles  Kenny, 

18.  John  Fogel, 


AVilliam  Beatty. 

19.  Adam  King, 

20.  Philip  Benner, 

21.  John  Rush, 

22.  Henry  Scheetz, 

23.  Peter  Addams, 

24.  Adam  Light, 

25.  James  Ankrim, 

26.  James  Murray. 


DELAWARE. 
John  Caldwell, 
1.  Joseph  G.  Rowland. 

MARYLAND. 
Henry  Brawner, 

1.  John  C.  Herbert,  4.  Samuel  G.  Osborn, 

2.  Thomas  Hope,  5.  Dennis  Claude, 

3.  George  Winchester,  6.  James  Sangston, 


Isaac  Tunnell. 


William  Brown. 

7.  William  Tyler, 

8.  Littleton  Dennis, 

9.  Thomas  Post. 


William  C.  Holt, 
1.  Charles  II.  Graves,          •  9. 


APPENDIX. 


VIRGINIA. 


2.  Ellison  Currie, 

3.  John  Cargill, 

4.  Robert  Taylor, 

5.  W.  II.  Brodnax, 
G.  Isaac  Foster, 

7.  Joseph  Wyatt, 

8.  Daniel  Morgan, 


James  Jones, 
William  Armstrong, 
Charles  Yancey, 
Archibald  Rutherford, 
Joseph  Martin, 
John  Bowyer, 


10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15.  Thomas  M.  Randolph,  22.  William  Martoncy. 


Robert  Shield. 

16.  James  I  logo, 

17.  W.  Broukenbrough, 

18.  Andrew  Russell, 
10.  John  T.  Somax, 

20.  Joseph  II.  Samuels, 

21.  William  Jones, 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 
Montfort  Stokes, 

1.  Robert  Love,  6.  Edward  B.  Dudley, 

2.  William  A.  Blount,  7.  James  Mebane, 

3.  Peter  Forney,  8.  A.  II.  Shepperd, 

4.  William  B.  Lockhart,         9.  John  Giles, 

5.  Vine  Allen, 


William  Martin. 

10.  Walter  J.  Leake, 

11.  William  Drew, 

12.  John  M.  Morehead, 

13.  Josiah  Crudup. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
Robert  Clendinen,  Evan  Benbow. 

1.  John  K.  Griffen,  4.  Eldred  Simkins,  7.  M.  J.  Keith, 

2.  William  Garrett,  5.  Joseph  W.  Alston,  8.  Thomas  Benson, 

3.  Angus  Patterson,  6.  William  C.  Pinckney,        9.  Wrilliam  Laval. 


GEORGIA. 


4.  John  Rutherford, 

5.  John  Harden, 


Elias  Beall, 

1.  Thomas  Gumming, 

2.  John  Mclntosh, 

3.  John  Floyd, 

KENTUCKY. 
J.  R.  Underwood, 

1.  John  E.  King,  5.  Young  Ewing, 

2.  Joseph  Allen,  6.  Thomas  Bodley, 

3.  Alney  McLean,  7.  Benjamin  Lecher, 

4.  W.  Moore,  8.  D.  Payne, 


William  Matthews. 

6.  William  Terrell, 

7.  Warren  Jordan. 


Richard  Taylor. 
9.  James  Smiley, 

10.  J.  J.  Crittenden, 

11.  Joshua  Fry, 

12.  II.  Taylor. 


John  Rhea, 

1.  T.  A.  Howard, 

2.  Joseph  Brown, 

3.  W.  E.  Anderson, 


TENNESSEE. 

4.  Joel  Pinson, 

5.  B.  C.  Stout, 

6.  Willie  Blout, 


William  A.  Sublett. 

7.  William  Mitchell, 

8.  Robert  II.  Dyer, 

9.  Samuel  Hogg. 


OHIO. 
W.  II.  Harrison, 

1.  W.  McFarland,  6.  S.  Kingsbury, 

2.  David  Sloane,  7.  Henry  Brown, 

3.  Thomas  Kirker,  8.  Ebenezer  Merry, 

4.  Samuel  Coulter,  9.  E.  Buckingham, 


5.  James  Heaton, 


10.  James  Cooley, 


James  Caldwell. 

11.  William  Kendall, 

12.  James  Steele, 

13.  William  Skinner, 

14.  John  Bigger. 


40 


APPENDIX. 


LOUISIANA. 
William  Nott, 
1.  James  H.  Shepherd,          2.  S.  Heiriart, 


MISSOURI. 


David  Todd, 
1 .  David  Musick. 


INDIANA. 

Elias  McNamee, 
1.  David  Robb,  2.  Jonathan  McCarty, 


John  B.  Planche. 
3.  Pierre  Lacoste. 


James  Logan. 


John  Carr. 

3.  Samuel  Milroy. 


Thomas  Hinds, 
1.  James  Patton. 

William  Harrison, 
1.  Henry  Eddy. 


MISSISSIPPI. 


ILLINOIS. 


ALABAMA. 
Reuben  Safford, 
1.  Henry  Chambers,  2.  John  Murphy, 

MAINE. 
James  Campbell, 

1.  Thomas  Fillebrown,  4.  Benjamin  Chandler, 

2.  James  Parker,  5.  Rev.  Joshua  Taylor, 

3.  Nathaniel  Hobbs, 


Bartlett  C.  Barry. 


Alexander  P.  Field. 


James  Hill. 

3.  William  Fleming. 


Lemuel  Trescott. 

6.  Benjamin  Nourse, 

7.  Stephen  Parsons. 


The  choice  between  Andrew  Jackson,  John  Quincy  Adams,  and  William  H. 
Crawford,  the  three  highest  on  the  list  of  those  voted  for  by  the  Electoral  Col 
lege  for  President,  devolved  on  the  House  of  Representatives.  Twenty-four 
members,  one  from  each  State,  were  appointed  Tellers,  and  they  announced  as 
the  result  of  the  first  ballot : — For  John  Quincy  Adams  :  Maine,  New  Hamp 
shire,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  Yermont,  New  York,  Mary 
land,  Ohio,  Kentucky,  Illinois,  Missouri,  and  Louisiana— 13  States.  For  Andrew 
Jackson  :  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  South  Carolina,  Tennessee,  Alabama,  Mis 
sissippi,  and  Indiana — 7  States.  For  William  H.  Crawford  :  Delaware,  Yirginia, 
North  Carolina,  and  Georgia — 4  States.  The  Speaker  then  declared  that  JOHN 
QUINCY  ADAMS,  having  received  a  majority  of  the  votes  of  all  the  States,  was 
duly  elected  President. 


APPENDIX. 


41 


ELEVENTH   PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1829. 

AXDRKW  JACKSON  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote 
of  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  (Georgia,  Kentucky, 
Tennessee,  Ohio,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Alabama,  and  Mis 
souri,  1  of  the  9  votes  of  Maine,  20  of  the  36  votes  of  New  York,  and  5  of  the 
11  votes  of  Maryland — 178  in  all;  John  Quincy  Adams  receiving  the  other  83 
electoral  votes.  JOHN  C.  CAI.HOUN  was  re-elected  Vice-President,  receiving 
171  votes;  while  Richard  Rush  had  83  votes,  and  William  Smith  7.  The  Elec 
tors  were : — 

MAINE. 

Thomiis  Fillcbrown,  John  S.  Kimbnll. 

1.  Simon  Nowell,  4.  Levi  Hubbard,  0.  John  Moore, 


'2.  Joseph  Southwick, 
3.  Joseph  Prime, 

Jonas  Galusha, 
1.  Ezra  Butler, 
'2.  Josiah  Dana, 


5.  James  C.  Churchill,  7.  Ebenezer  Farley. 


VERMONT. 

3.  John  Phelps, 

4.  William  Jarvis, 


Asa  Aldis. 

5.  Apollos  Austin. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

George  Sullivan,  William  Bixby. 
1.  Samuel  Quarles,                  3.  Nahum  Parker,  5.  Samuel  Sparhawk, 

'2.  Thomas  Woolson,  4.  Ezra  Bartlett,  C.  William  Lovejoy. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 
Thomas  C.  Winthrop, 
Samuel  Lathrop,  6.  Samuel  Jones, 


"2.  Eliel  Frost, 

3.  Jesse  Putnam, 

4.  John  Gilbert, 

5.  Stephen  White, 


Caleb  Earle, 
1.  Stephen  B.  Cornell, 


7.  Baily  Bartlett, 

8.  E.  II.  Robbins, 

9.  Nathan  Chandler, 

RHODE   ISLAND. 
2.  Charles  Elbridge. 


CONNECTICUT. 
Sylvester  Norton, 

1.  Rufus  Hitchcock,  3.  Moses  Warren, 

2.  Homer  Boardman,  4.  George  Pratt, 


Edmund  Gushing. 

10.  Oliver  Starkweather, 

11.  Jonathan  Davis, 

12.  Bradford  Dirnmick, 

13.  Seth  Sprague. 


Elisha  Watson. 


Roger  Taintor. 

o.  Charles  Hawley, 
6.  W.  R.  Kibbee. 


Moses  Rolph, 

1.  John  Garrison, 

2.  A.  D.  W.  Bruyn, 

3.  Benjamin  Bailey, 

4.  John  Lloyd, 

5.  John  Targee, 


NEW  YORK. 

G.  Alexander  Coffin, 

7.  Gilbert  Coutant, 

8.  Gilbert  Eddy, 

9.  Jacob  Odell, 

10.  A.  Van  Vechten, 


Asaph  Stow. 

11.  Morgan  Lewis, 

12.  E.  B.  Shearman, 

13.  Egbert  Jansen, 

14.  A.  Mclntyre, 

15.  John  E.  Russell, 


42 


APPENDIX. 


16.  Salmon  Childs, 

17.  Peter  Pine, 

18.  Peter  H.  Myers, 

19.  J.  C.  Yates, 

20.  James  Campbell, 

21.  Elkanah  Brush, 

22.  Jesse  Smith, 


23.  Rufus  Crane, 

24.  Augustus  Chapman, 

25.  Thomas  Blakeslee, 

26.  Benjamin  Cotton, 

27.  Freeborn  G.  Jewett, 

28.  John  Beall, 


29.  William  Hildreth, 

30.  John  Taylor, 

31.  James  H.  Guernsey, 

32.  Charles  Dayan, 

33.  Shubal  Dunham, 

34.  Ebenezer  Waldcn. 


NEW  JERSEY. 
Theodore  Frelingliuyse 

1.  A.  Learning, 

2.  Abraham  Brown, 

John  B.  Gibson, 

1.  William  Findlay, 

2.  Leonard  Rupert, 

3.  Edward  King, 

4.  Jacob  Gearhart, 

5.  John  Lisle, 

G.  George  Barnitz, 

7.  Jacob  Holgate, 

8.  Jacob  Heyser, 

9.  Samuel  Humes,  Sr., 


ghuysen, 

J.  J.  Ely. 

3.  A.  White, 

5.  Gabriel  Hoff, 

4.  T.  Elmer, 

6.  C.  Zabriskie. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

William  Thompson. 

10.  John  Harper, 

19.  David  Hottenstein, 

11.  John  W.  Cunningham 

,    20.  John  M:  Snowden, 

12.  John  Scott, 

21.  Peter  Frailey, 

13.  George  G.  Leiper, 

22.  Robert  Scott, 

14.  William  Piper, 

23.  Francis  Baird, 

15.  Henry  Scheetz, 

24.  Henry  Allshouse, 

16.  Valentine  Giesey, 

25.  Henry  Winters, 

17.  Adam  Ritscher, 

26.  James  Duncan. 

18.  James  Gordon, 

DELAWARE. 


James  Canby, 
1.  John  Adams. 


David  Hazard. 


MARYLAND. 
William  Fitzhugh,  Jr.,  Benjamin  F.  Forest. 

1.  William  Tyler,  4.  Thomas  Emory,  7.  Elias  Brown, 

2.  James  Sewell,  5.  Benjamin  C.  Howard,       8.  Littleton  Dennis, 

3.  John  S.  Sellman,  6.  T.  R.  Lockerman,  9.  Henry  Brawner. 


William  C.  Holt, 
1.  Wm.  H.  McFarland,          9. 


2.  Ellyson  Currie, 

3.  John  Cargill, 

4.  John  W.  Green, 

5.  Thomas  M.  Nelson, 

6.  John  Gibson, 

7.  Richard  Logan, 

8.  George  Rust, 

Robert  Love, 

1.  Montfort  Stokes, 

2.  John  Hall, 

3.  Peter  Forney, 

4.  Joseph  J.  Williams, 

5.  John  Giles, 


10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 


VIRGINIA. 

James  Jones, 
.Tared  Williams, 
William  Daniel, 
Jacob  D.  Williamson, 
Joseph  Martin, 
John  Bowyer, 
William  F.  Gordon, 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 


Robert  McCandlish. 
16.  John  E.  George, 
j.7.  Wm.  Brockenbrough, 
18   Andrew  Russell, 

19.  Garret  Minor, 

20.  Joel  Shrewsbury, 

21.  William  Jones, 

22.  John  McMillan. 


6.  Kedar  Ballard, 

7.  Abraham  Phillips, 

8.  Louis  D.  Wilson, 

9.  John  M.  Morehead, 


Josiah  Crudup. 

10.  R.  D.  Spaight, 

11.  Walter  F.  Leake, 

12.  E.  B.  Dudley, 

13.  Willie  P.  Mangum. 


APPENDIX. 


43 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Sanders  Glover,  William  Pope. 

1.  David  11.  Evans,                 4.  Arthur  1'.  Ilayne,  7.  William  Johnston, 

2.  John  McComb,                    5.  David  Sloan,  8.  Henry  L.  Pinckney, 

3.  John  Stewart,                     0.  Green  B.  Colmi,  9.  Wade  Hampton,  Jr. 

GEORGIA. 

John  Rutherford,  William  Terrell. 
1.  Robert  R.  Reed,                 4.  Augustus  S.  Clayton,        0.  JohnG.  Maxwell, 


2.  John  Moore,* 

3.  David  Blackshear, 

Thomas  Miller, 
1.  Enoch  Parsons, 

Joseph  Dunbar, 
1.  Wiley  P.  Harris. 

John  13.  Planche, 
1.  Thomas  W.  Scott, 


5.  Solomon  Graves, 


ALABAMA. 


2.  Thomas  D.  Crabb, 
MISSISSIPPI. 


LOUISIANA. 


John  Rhea, 

1.  Samuel  Bunch, 

2.  Alfred  Flournoy, 

3.  Thomas  McCorry, 


2.  Placide  Bossier, 
TENNESSEE. 

4.  Joseph  Brown, 

5.  Benjamin  C.  Stout, 

6.  Willie  Blount, 


KENTUCKY. 
Thomas  S.  Slaughter, 

1.  Matthew  Lyon,  5.  Nathan  Gaither, 

2.  Benjamin  Chapcze,  6.  John  Sterrett, 

3.  Edmund  AVatkins,  7.  Tunstall  Quarles, 

4.  John  Younger,  8.  Benjamin  Taylor, 

OHIO. 
Ethan  Allen  Brown, 

1.  George  McCook,  6.  George  Sharp, 

2.  John  McElvain,  7.  Henry  Barrington, 

3.  William  Piatt,  8.  Walter  M.  Blake, 

4.  Samuel  Herrick,  9.  Thomas  Gillespie, 

5.  James  Shields,  10.  Benjamin  Jones, 

INDIANA. 

Benjamin  V.  Beckes, 
1.  Jesse  B.  Durham,  l^.  William  Lowe, 


John  Taylor, 
1.  Alexander  M.  Houston. 

John  Bull, 
1.  Benjamin  O'Fallon. 


ILLINOIS. 


MISSOURI. 


7.  Oliver  Porter. 

John  A.  Elmore. 

3.  William  Y.  Iliggins. 

William  Downing. 

Alexander  Mouton. 

3.  Trasimon  Landry. 

William  A.  Sublett. 

7.  Andrew  J.  Marchbanks, 

8.  Adam  R.  Alexander, 

9.  George  Elliott. 

Reuben  Munday. 

9.  Robert  J.  Ward, 

10.  Richard  French, 

11.  Tandy  Allen, 

12.  Thompson  Ward. 

Robert  Lucas. 

11.  Thomas  L.  Ilamer, 

12.  William  Hayne, 

13.  Valentine  Keffer, 

14.  Hugh  McFall. 


Ratliff  Boon. 

3.  Ross  Smiley. 

Richard  M.  Young. 
Augustus  Jones. 


*  John  Moore  having  declined  to  serve,  Scaton  Grantland  waa  elected  in  his  place  by  the  Legislature. 


44 


APPENDIX. 


TWELFTH   PRESIDENTIAL   ELECTION— 1833. 

ANDREW  JACKSON  was  re-elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote 
of  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia, 
North  Carolina,  Georgia,  Tennessee,  Ohio,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Indiana,  Illi 
nois,  Alabama,  and  Missouri,  with  three  of  the  eight  votes  of  Maryland — 219. 
Henry  Clay  of  Kentucky,  received  the  entire  vote  of  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island,  Connecticut,  Delaware  and  Kentucky,  with  five  of  the  eight  votes  of 
Maryland — 49;  John  Floyd  received  the  entire  vote  of  South  Carolina— 11;  and 
AVilliam  Wirt  the  entire  vote  of  Vermont — 7.  MARTIN  VAN  BUREN  was  elected 
Vice-President,  receiving  189  votes ;  while  John  Sergeant  had  49  votes,  William 
Wilkins  had  30,  Henry  Lee  had  11,  and  Amos  Ellmaker  had  7.  The  Electors 
were : — 


Nathan  Cutler, 

1.  Isaac  Lane, 

2.  Silas  Barnard, 

3.  J.  C.  Churchill, 


MAINE. 

4.  Ellis  Burgess, 

5.  Joseph  Sewall, 

6.  Joseph  Kelsey, 


Samuel  Moore. 

7.  Rowland  H.  Bridgham, 

8.  E.  Fletcher. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Benjamin  Feircc, 

1.  Phineas  1'arkhurst,  3.  Samuel  Collins, 

2.  Joseph  Weeks,  4.  Moses  White, 


John  Holbrook. 
5.  John  Taylor. 


James  Tarbox, 
1.  Nathan  Leavenworth, 
'2.  John  S.  Pettibone, 


VERMONT. 

3.  Ezra  Butler, 

4.  Augustus  Clarke, 


Amos  Thompson. 

5.  William  Strong. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 
Charles  Jackson, 

1.  Thomas  II.  Perkins,  5.  Ebenezer  Moseley, 

2.  James  Byers.  6.  James  Richardson, 

3.  Gideon  Barstow,  7.  Nathan  Brooks, 

4.  Henry  Shaw,  8.  Jotham  Lincoln, 


E.  Mattoon. 

9.  Aaron  Tufts, 

10.  Cornelius  Grinnell, 

11.  Samuel  Lee, 

12.  Nymphas  Marston. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

Samuel  Ward  King,  Nathaniel  S.  Ruggles. 

1.  William  Peckham,  2.  Peleg  Wilbur. 


CONNECTICUT. 
Morris  Woodruff, 

1.  John  Baldwin,  3.  Eli  Todd, 

2.  Chester  Smith,  4.  Oliver  H.  King, 


John  D.  Reynolds. 

5.  Erastus  Sturges, 

6.  E.  Jackson,  Jr. 


APPENDIX. 


I-', 


NEW  YORK. 

Edward  P.  Livingston, 

Amos  Buck. 

1.  Nathaniel  Garron, 

15.  Abraham  Miller, 

28.  Truman  Spencer, 

2.  Theophilus  S.  Morgan, 

1C).  Darius  Bentley, 

29.  John  N.  Quackenbush, 

3.  Moses  Ralph, 

17.  William  Taber, 

30.  Abel  Baldwin, 

4.  David  Moulton, 

18.  Samuel  Payne, 

31.  Daniel  D.  Campbell, 

6.  Henry  Waring, 

19.  Samuel  Hunter, 

32.  James  Sutherland, 

6.  Ebenezer  Wood, 

20.  0.  Curtis, 

33.  John  Gale, 

7.  Gideon  Lee, 

21.  Peter  Crispell,  Jr., 

34.  Calvin  T.  Chamberlain, 

8.  Peter  Collier, 

22.  Seth  Thomas, 

35.  Dudley  Farlin, 

9.  John  Targee, 

I':',.  William  Deitz, 

36.  Orris  Crosby, 

10.  John  Hyde, 

24.  Jonas  Seely, 

37.  James  B.  Spencer, 

11.  Preserved  Fish, 

25.  Samuel  Anable, 

38.  M.  A.  Andrews, 

12.  Thomas  Humphrey, 

26.  Oliver  Phelps, 

39.  John  S.  Veeder, 

13.  J.  W.  Hardenbrook, 

27.  .James  Woods, 

40.  Asa  Clark,  Jr. 

14.  Joseph  lleynolds, 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Daniel  Vliet, 

Aaron  Vansychel. 

1  .  Peter  J.  Terhune, 

3.  Joseph  Rogers, 

5.  William  Munroe, 

2.  John  M.  Perrine, 

4.  James  Newell, 

6.  William  L.  Slites. 

Samuel  McKean, 

C.  Garber,  11. 
William  Swilland,  12. 
John  T.  Knight,  13. 
W.  Brindle,  14. 
William  Thomson,  15. 
Adam  Light,  16. 
Edward  King,  17. 
George  Barnitz,  18. 
B.  W.  Richards,  19. 

D.  Sheffer, 

George  Truitt, 
II.  F.  Hall. 

R.  H.  Goldsborough 

,  J.  S.  Smith,  3. 

William  B.  Tyler,  4. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

George  W.  Smick, 
Frederick  Orwan, 
John  Slaymaker, 
George  McCullock, 
Oliver  Alison, 
John  Murray, 
George  G.  Leiper, 
David  Gilman, 
Henry  Scheetz, 

DELAWARE. 


George  Loyall, 

1 .  John  Cargill, 

2.  John  Gibson, 

3.  James  Jones, 

4.  J.  Homer, 

5.  Thomas  M.  Nelson, 

6.  H.  L.  Opie, 

7.  Archibald  Austin, 


MARYLAND 

William  Frick, 
Albert  Constable, 

VIRGINIA. 


8.  James  M.  Mason, 

9.  Richard  Logan, 

10.  John  McMillan, 

11.  Joseph  Martin, 

12.  J.  D.  Williamson, 

13.  William  Jones, 

14.  Charles  Beale, 


David  D.  Wagener. 

20.  David  Frazier. 

21.  Adam  Ritscher, 

22.  P.  Mulvany, 

23.  William  Addams, 

24.  J.  Patten, 

25.  John  Schall, 

26.  J.  V.  Bauley, 

27.  J.  Rooker, 

28.  Wilson  Smith. 


C.  P.  Comcgys. 


William  Price. 
5.  U.  S.  Heath, 
0.  John  L.  Steele. 


Samuel  Blackwell. 

15.  W.  H.  Roane, 

16.  Thomas  Bland, 

17.  Samuel  Carr, 

18.  A.  Russell, 

19.  L.  T.  Dade, 

20.  Philip  N.  Nicholas. 

21.  A.  R.  Harwood. 


46 


APPENDIX. 


A.  W.  Tenable, 

1.  Robert  Love, 

2.  I.  I.  Daniel, 

3.  George  L.  Davidson, 

4.  W.  B.  Lockhart, 

5.  Peregrine  Roberts, 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

F.  Ward, 
Thomas  G.  Polk, 
R.  D.  Spaight, 
Thomas  Settle, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


Robert  J.  Turnbull, 

1.  W.  Thompson,  Jr., 
2.  Samuel  Cherry, 
3.  William  Dubose, 

4.  Thomas  Lyles, 
5.  W.  B.  Seabrook, 
6.  Thomas  Dugan, 

Beverly  Allen, 
1.  Elias  Beall, 
2.  Henry  Jackson, 
3.  David  Blackshear, 

GEORGIA. 

4.  William  Terrell, 
5.  W.  B.  Bullock, 
6.  John  Whitehead, 

M.  Aikin, 

TENNESSEE. 

1.  William  Snodgrass, 
2.  J.  G.  Bostick, 
8.  Jesse  Wallace, 

6.  William  Pillow, 
7.  Joseph  McMillon, 
8.  Willie  Blount, 

4.  Elliott  Ilickman, 
5.  W.  B.  A.  Ramsey, 

9.  William  Stroud,  Sr., 

Joseph  Eve, 
1.  Benjamin  Hardin, 
2.  W.  K.  Wall, 

KENTUCKY. 

C.  William  Ousley, 
7.  Burr  Harrison, 

3.  M.  P.  Marshall, 

8.  Thomas  Chilton, 

4.  J.  L.  Ilickman, 
5.  M.  V.  Thompson, 

9.  John  I.  Marshall, 

J.  0.  Watson. 

10.  Owen  Holmes, 

11.  J.  M.  Morehead, 

12.  Henry  Skinner, 

13.  William  H.  Leak. 


Elijah  Watson. 

7.  Benjamin  Hart, 

8.  Joseph  S.  Shelton, 

9.  Thomas  Evans. 

Henry  Holt. 

7.  John  Floyd, 

8.  Wilson  Williams, 

9.  Seaton  Grantland. 


Daniel  Bowman. 

10.  David  Feutress, 

11.  John  Heam, 

12.  B.  Coleman, 

13.  George  Elliott. 


Alney  McLeon. 

10.  D.  S.  Patton, 

11.  E.  M.  Ewing, 

12.  M.  Beatty, 

13.  Thompson  M.  Ewing. 


Benjamin  Tappan, 


OHIO. 


John  M.  Goodcnow, 
Valentine  Keffer, 
I.  D.  Morris, 
Isaac  Humphreys, 
Mark  T.  Wills, 
Alexander  Elliott, 
R.  D.  Forsman, 

J.  B.  Planche1, 
Thomas  W.  Scott, 


George  Boone, 

1.  W.  Armstrong, 

2.  Alexander  J.  Burnett, 

3.  James  Blake, 


8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 


John  Chancy, 
Alexander  McConnell, 
George  Sharpe, 
Michael  Moore, 
Fisher  A.  Blocksom, 
John  Lamill, 


Joseph  J.  McDowell. 
H.  William  S.  Tracy, 

15.  George  Marshall, 

16.  Jeremiah  McLane, 

17.  Eli  Baldwin, 

18.  II.  J.  Harman, 

19.  Jonathan  Cilley. 


LOUISIANA. 


2.  W.  H.  Overton, 
INDIANA. 

4.  John  Ketchum, 

5.  Arthur  Patterson, 


Alexander  Mouton. 
3.  T.  Landry. 

M.  Grume. 

6.  Thomas  Givens, 

7.  N.  B.  Palmer. 


APPENDIX. 


47 


MISSISSIPPI. 

William  Dowsing, 
1.  Wiley  P.  Harris,  2.  W.  W.  Cherry. 

ILLINOIS. 
James  Evans, 
1.  John  C.  Alexander,  2.  Thomas  Kay, 


ALABAMA. 


Henry  King, 

1.  John  J.  Winston, 

2.  William  P.  Gould, 


Samuel  Hunter. 


Adams  Dunlap. 
3.  Abner  Flack. 


William  Edmondson. 


3.  William  R.  Fickett,  5.  Theophilus  Toulmin. 

4.  George  Phillips, 


MISSOURI. 
Joel  II.  Haden, 
1.  William  Blackey,  2.  Henry  Shurlds. 


JoJm  Hume. 


THIRTEENTH   PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1837. 


MARTIN  VAN  BURE.V  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote 
of  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  5Tork,  Pennsylva 
nia,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Illinois,  Alabama,  Mis 
souri,  Arkansas,  Michigan— 170.  William  II.  Harrison  received  the  entire  vote 
of  Vermont,  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  Maryland,  Kentucky,  Ohio  and  Indiana — 
73;  Hugh  L.  White,  the  vote  of  Georgia  and  of  Tennessee — 26;  Daniel  Web 
ster,  the  vote  of  Massachusetts — 14 ;  and  W.  P.  Mangum,  the  vote  of  South 
Carolina — 11.  RICHARD  M.  JOHNSON  was  chosen  Vice-President  by  the  Senate, 
no  one  having  received  a  majority  of  the  electoral  votes,  which  stood :  Richard 
M.  Johnson  147,  Francis  Granger  77,  John  Tyler  47,  William  Smith  23.  The 
Electors  were : — 


Renel  Williams, 

1.  Sheldon  Hobbs, 

2.  Joseph  Tobin, 

3.  Jonathan  Smith, 


MAINE. 

4.  John  Hamblet, 

5.  Benjamin  Burgess, 

6.  William  Thompson, 


Shepherd  Carey. 

7.  John  II.  Jarvis, 

8.  S.  S.  Heagan. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Jonathan  Harvey,  Josiah  Russell. 

1.  Isaac  Waldron,  3.  Tristam  Shaw,  6   Stephen  Gale. 

2.  G.  Gilmore,  4.  Ebenezer  Carlton, 


Jabez  Proctor, 

1.  S.  Swift, 

2.  Titus  Hutchinson, 


VERMONT. 

3.  David  Crawford, 

4.  W.  A.  Griswold, 


T.  Howe. 

5.  Edward  Lamb. 


48 


APPENDIX. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 
Nathaniel  Silsbee, 

1.  E.  A.  Newton,  5.  Loammi  Baldwin, 

2.  Leverett  Saltonstall,          G.  Thomas  Longlay, 

3.  Benjamin  Walker,  7.  Samuel  Lee, 


4.  Isaac  C.  Bates, 


8.  Bezabeel  Taft,  Jr., 


RHODE  ISLAND. 
James  Fenner, 
1.  John  D'Wolf,  2.  B.  H.  Thurston. 


Samuel  Appleton. 
9.  J.  G.  Kendall, 

10.  Howard  Lothrop, 

11.  Charles  W.  Morgan, 

12.  Charles  J.  Holmes. 


Henry  Bull. 


CONNECTICUT. 
Lorain  T.  Pease, 

1.  Alfred  Bassett,  3.  Julius  Clark, 

2.  Seth  P.  Beers,  4.  11.  P.  Williams, 


Luther  Warren. 

5.  Moses  Gregory, 
G.  Carlos  Chapman. 


Cornelius  W. 

1.  Jacob  Sutherland, 

2.  Gideon  Ostrander, 

3.  Moses  Rolph, 

4.  John  Targee, 

5.  Jacob  Crocheron, 

G.  Jeremiah  Anderson, 

7.  Stephen  Allen, 

8.  James  Hooker, 

9.  Nathaniel  P.  Hill, 

10.  Ichabod  Bartlett, 

11.  Jeremiah  Russell, 

12.  Augustus  C.  Welch. 

13.  Zadock  Pratt, 

14.  Lyman  Strabridge, 


NEW  YORK. 
Lawrence, 

15.  Lucas  Hoes, 

10.  Whitcombe  Phelps, 

17.  Henry  Koon, 

1 8.  David  Munro, 

19.  Peter  Wendell, 

20.  Daniel  Dickey, 

21.  Herman  Gansevroot, 

22.  Peleg  Slade, 

23.  John  Gale, 

24.  Alanson  M.  Knapp. 
2">.  Walcott  Tyrrell, 

26.  Jared  Willson, 

27.  David  C.  Judson, 


NEW  JERSEY. 
William  Stevens, 

1.  John  H.  Hall,  3.  William  Brittan, 

2.  Joshua  Burr,  4.  David  Beevis, 


John  Cox. 

28.  Elisha  Doubleday, 

29.  Frederick  Lammons, 

30.  Joseph  Sibley, 

31.  Henry  Ellison, 

32.  Samuel  Benedict,  Jr., 

33.  Parker  Halleck, 
84.  Daniel  H.  Bissell, 

35.  George  F.  Falley, 

36.  Thomas  J.  Wheeler, 

37.  Orville  Hungerford, 

38.  Guy  II.  Goodrich, 

39.  Joshua  Babcock, 

40.  Hiram  Gardner. 


Allison  Ely. 

5.  Josiah  S.  Worth, 

6.  J.  Learning. 


James  Thompson. 

1.  Robert  Patterson,  11. 

2.  Thomas  C.  Miller,  12. 

3.  Thomas  D.  Grover,  13. 

4.  William  Clark,  14. 

5.  Joseph  Burden,  15. 
G.  John  Mitchell,  16. 

7.  John  Naglee,  17. 

8.  Leonard  Rupert,  18. 

9.  Samuel  Badger,  19. 
10.  George  Kriner, 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Gardner  Furness. 
Asa  Mann, 
Oliver  Allison, 
William  R.  Smith, 
Henry  Myers, 
S.  L.  Carpenter, 
John  B.  Sterigere, 
Robert  Patterson, 
Henry  Chapman, 


Henry  Welsh. 

20.  Wallace  M.  Williams, 

21.  Jacob  Kern, 

22.  James  Power, 

23.  Jacob  Dillinger, 

24.  Robert  Orr, 

25.  Paul  Geiger, 

26.  John  Carothers, 

27.  Calvin  Blythe, 

28.  John  P.  Davis. 


APPENDIX. 


49 


William  W.  Morris, 
1.  H.  F.  Hall. 


Elias  Brown, 

1.  J.  B.  Ricaud, 

2.  George  Howard, 

3.  William  Price, 


A.  Smith, 

1.  John  Cargill, 

2.  W.  Holladay, 

3.  James  Jones, 

4.  I.  Homer, 


DELAWARE. 


MARYLAND. 


4.  J.  M.  Coale, 

6.  Anthony  Kimmel, 

6.  Robert  W.  Bowie, 

VIRGINIA. 

8.  A.  S.  Baldwin, 

9.  Richard  Logan, 

10.  J.  D.  Williamson, 

11.  A.  Stuart, 


5.  William  R.  Baskcrville,  12.  D.  B.  Layne, 

6.  II.  L.  Opie,  13.  H.  Hudgins, 

7.  Archibald  Austin,  14.  A.  Bierne, 


Robert  Love, 

1.  George  Bower, 

2.  Nathaniel  Macon, 

3.  John  Wilson, 

4.  W.  B.  Lockhart, 
6.  A.  Henderson, 

John  Littlejohn, 

1.  Patrick  Noble, 

2.  Thomas  Dugan, 

3.  D.  J.  McCord, 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

6.  G.  C.  Marchant, 

7.  John  Hill, 

8.  L.  D.  Wilson, 
'J.  John  Parker, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

4.  B.  T.  Elmore, 

5.  Thomas  F.  Jones, 

6.  R.  H.  Goodwin, 


GEORGIA. 
George  R.  Gilmer, 

1.  John  W.  Campbell,  4.  William  II.  Holt, 

2.  Howell  Cobb,  5.  E.  Wimberly, 

3.  Gibson  Clark,  6.  Ambrose  Baber, 


William  Dunning. 


David  Hoffman. 

7.  T.  Burchenal, 

8.  Thomas  G.  Pratt. 


Samuel  Carr. 

15.  A.  R.  Harwood, 

16.  James  Hoge, 

17.  John  Moncure, 

18.  John  Gibson, 

19.  W.  H.  Roane, 

20.  Samuel  L.  Hays, 

21.  John  Hindman. 


Josiah  0.  AVatson. 

10.  W.  P.  Ferrand, 

11.  W.  A.  Morris, 

12.  Owen  Holmes, 

13.  A.  W.  Venable. 


Thomas  L.  Gourdin. 

7.  John  Frampton, 

8.  B.  K.  Hanegan, 

9.  John  Maxwell. 


Thomas  Stocks. 

7.  Thomas  Hamilton, 

8.  David  Meriwether, 

9.  C.  Hines. 


William  Smith, 

1.  John  McKinley, 

2.  John  S.  Hunter, 


ALABAMA. 

3.  Thomas  D.  King, 

4.  William  R.  Hallett, 


Robert  H.  Watkins. 

6.  William  R.  Pickett. 


TENNESSEE. 

Robert  J.  McKinney,  John  Gordon. 

1.  John  Netherland,  6.  T.  F.  Bradford,  10.  S.  D.  Frierson, 

7.  James  A.  Whiteside,        11.  Richard  Cheatham, 

8.  Neil  S.  Brown, 

9.  Asa  Falkner, 


2.  W.  E.  Anderson, 

3.  Alexander  E.  Smith, 

4.  Andrew  J.  Hoover, 

5.  James  Park, 


12.  L.  P.  Williamson, 

13.  William  W.  Lea. 


4* 


50 


APPENDIX. 


Burr  Harrison, 

1.  Henry  Daniel, 

2.  William  K.  Wall, 

3.  Philip  Triplett, 

4.  Robert  Wickliff, 

5.  D.  S.  Patton, 


KENTUCKY. 

6.  Thomas  Metcalf, 

7.  E.  Rumsey, 

8.  M.  P.  Marshall, 

9.  Richard  A.  Buckner, 


Benjamin  Ruggles, 


1.  Joshua  Collett, 

2.  Ira  Belknap, 

3.  George  P.  Torrence, 

4.  Samuel  Elliott, 

5.  Andrew  McClany, 

6.  Mordecai  Bartley, 

7.  Elijah  Huntington, 

Thomas  Hinds, 
1.  B.  W.  Edwards, 


8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 


OHIO. 

John  Codding, 
Isaiah  Morris, 
Jared  P.  Kirtland, 
Alexander  Campbell, 
D.  Ilasbough, 
William  Kendall, 

MISSISSIPPI. 


2.  H.  G.  Runnels. 


LOUISIANA. 
J.  B.  PlanchS, 
1.  T.  U.  Scott,  2.  P.  E.  Bossier, 

INDIANA. 
John  C.  Clendenin, 

1.  Hiram  Decker,  4.  A.  L.  White, 

2.  A.  W.  Morris,  5.  Enoch  McCarty, 

3.  Milton  Stapp, 

MISSOURI. 

George  F.  Bellinger, 
1.  John  Sappington,  2.  A.  Bird. 


John  Miller, 
1.  Joshua  Morrison. 

Daniel  Le  Roy, 
1.  David  C.  McKinstry. 

John  Wyatt, 
1.  Samuel  Leach, 


ARKANSAS. 
MICHIGAN. 

ILLINOIS. 
2.  John  Pearson, 


Thomas  P.  Wilson. 

10.  J.  F.  Ballinger, 

11.  C.  Tompkins, 

12.  Robert  P.  Letcher, 

13.  M.  Beaty. 


W.  C.  Kicker. 

14.  John  P.  Coulter, 

15.  Abell  Remick, 

16.  John  L.  Lacy, 

17.  Christian  King, 

18.  Andrew  Donnelly, 

19.  Samuel  Newell. 


R.  H.  Grant. 


Alexander  Mouton. 
3.  T.  Landry. 


Achilles  Williams. 

6.  M.  G.  Clark, 

7.  A.  P.  Andrews. 


William  Monroe. 


A.  B.  Anthony. 


William  H.  Hoeg. 


Samuel  Hachleton. 

3.  John  D.  Whitesides. 


APPENDIX. 


51 


FOURTEENTH   PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1841. 

WILLIAM  HENRY  HARRISON  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  elec 
toral  vote  of  Maine,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  Vermont,  New 
York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  North  Carolina,  Georgia, 
Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Ohio,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Indiana,  and  Michigan — 
234.  Martin  Van  Buren  received  the  entire  vote  of  New  Hampshire,  Virginia, 
South  Carolina,  Illinois,  Alabama,  Missouri,  and  Arkansas — 60.  JOIIN  TYLER 
was  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  234  votes ;  while  R.  M.  Johnson  had  48, 
L.  "VV.  Tazewell  11,  and  James  K.  Polk  1.  The  Electors  were  : — 


Isaac  Ilsley, 

1.  Isaac  Ilodson,  4. 

2.  E.  Robinson,  6. 

3.  Samuel  Small,  6. 

Samuel  Burns, 

1.  John  Scott,  3. 

2.  J.  W.  Weeks,  4. 

Samuel  C.  Crafts, 

1.  Ezra  Meech,  3. 

2.  A.  B.  W.  Tenney,  4. 


Isaac  C.  Bates, 

1.  Peleg  Sprague,  5. 

2.  Sidney  Willard,  6. 

3.  Richard  Houghton,  7. 

4.  Ira  M.  Barton,  8. 


Nicolas  Brown, 
1.  George  Engs,  2, 


H.  Spencer, 

1.  James  Brewster,  3. 

2.  P.  Pearl,  4. 


James  Burt, 

1.  Abraham  Rose, 

2.  H.  Watson, 

3.  John  T.  Harrison, 

4.  G.  P.  Griffith, 


MAINE. 

Benjamin  P.  Gilman, 
Rufus  K.  Goodenow, 
J.  Huse, 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Samuel  Hatch, 
F.  Holbrook, 

VERMONT. 

William  Henry, 
William  P.  Briggs, 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

S.  C.  Phillips, 
George  Grinncl,  Jr. 
Samuel  Mixter, 
Joseph  Tripp, 

RHODE  ISLAND. 
William  Rhodes. 
CONNECTICUT. 

A.  Larrabee, 
P.  Bierce, 

NEW  YORK. 


Thomas  Fillebrown. 

7.  Charles  Trafton, 

8.  Thomas  Robinson. 


S.  Perley. 

5.  Andrew  Paine,  Jr. 


John  Conaut. 

5.  Joseph  Reed. 


Rufus  Longley. 

9.  Thomas  French, 

10.  John  B.  Thomas, 

11.  W.  Wood, 

12.  J.  Z.  Goodrich. 


W.  Weeden. 


Reuben  Booth. 
6.  J.  Green, 
6   J.  S.  Peters. 


6.  John  L.  Lawrence, 

6.  A.  Mclntyre, 

7.  Joseph  Tucker, 

8.  E.  Stimson, 


Elisha  Jenkins. 

9.  J.  P.  Phoenix, 

10.  Josiah  Hand, 

11.  Richard  S.  Williams, 

12.  K.  P.  Cool, 


APPENDIX. 


13.  P.  Van  Cortlandt, 

14.  Jonathan  Wallace, 

15.  B.  White, 

16.  H.  P.  Voorhies, 

17.  N.  Dubois, 

18.  Thomas  Burch, 

19.  Peter  G.  Sharp, 

20.  P.  B.  Porter, 

21.  John  I.  Knox, 

22.  Albert  Crane, 


Lewis  Condict, 

1.  C.  Stepton, 

2.  Samuel  G.  Wright, 


23.  Peter  Pratt, 

24.  Charles  Bradish, 

25.  E.  Merrick, 

26.  Gideon  Lee, 

27.  J.  Livingston, 

28.  Grattan  H.  Wheeler, 

29.  Isaac  Ogden, 

30.  William  Garbutt, 

31.  Samuel  Balcom, 


NEW  JERSEY. 

3.  James  Sliff, 

4.  Thomas  Newbold, 


32.  P.  L.  Tracey, 

33.  I.  I.  Speed,  Jr. 

34.  John  Wheeler, 
85.  D.  Hibbard, 

36.  Philo  Orton, 

37.  John  Williams, 

38.  H.  R.  Seymour, 

39.  B.  D.  Noxen, 

40.  Davis  Hurd. 


John  Runk. 

5.  J.  M.  Ryerson, 

6.  Joshua  Townsend. 


J.  A.  Shulze, 

1.  J.  Ritner, 

2.  J.  K.  Zeilin, 

3.  L.  Passmore, 

4.  Robert  Stimson, 

5.  J.  P.  Wetherell, 

6.  W.  S.  Hendrie, 

7.  Thomas  P.  Cope, 

8.  I.  J.  Ross, 

9.  F.  Gillingham, 
10.  Peter  Filbert, 

Benjamin  Caulk, 
1.  Peter  J.  Causey. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

11.  A.  Ellmaker, 

12.  William  Addams, 

13.  John  Harper, 

14.  B.  Connelly,  Jr. 

15.  William  Mcllvain, 

16.  Joseph  Markle, 

17.  J.  Dickson, 
18:  J.  G.  Fordyce, 
19.  J.  McKeehan, 


DELAWARE. 


MARYLAND. 
David  Hoffman, 

1.  J.  L.  Kerr,  4.  Richard  J.  Bowie, 

2.  George  Howard,  5.  Jacob  A.  Preston, 

3.  Theodore  R.  Lockerman,  6.  James  M.  Coale, 


A.  R.  Mcllvain. 

20.  T.  M.  T.  McKennan, 

21.  John  Reed, 

22.  II.  Denny, 

23.  A.  B.  Wilson, 

24.  Joseph  Buffington, 

25.  N.  Middleswaith, 

26.  Henry  Black, 

27.  George  Walker, 

28.  John  Dick. 


II.  F.  Hall. 


J.  P.  Kennedy. 

7.  W.  T.  Woolton, 

8.  Thomas  A.  Spence. 


A.  Smith, 

1.  J.  Cargill, 

2.  Archibald  Stuart, 

3.  James  Jones, 

4.  William  Tod, 

5.  William  R.  Baskeville, 

6.  A.  Brockenbrough, 

7.  Charles  Yancey, 


VIRGINIA. 

8.  John  Gibson, 

9.  J.  B.  Halybirton, 

10.  J.  D.  Williamson, 

11.  J.  T.  Randolph, 

12.  William  Taylor, 

13.  W.  Holladay, 

14.  A.  C.  Chapman, 


Richard  Logan. 

15.  J.  Homer, 

16.  James  Hoge, 

17.  Richard  E.  Byrd, 

18.  William  Byers, 

19.  William  A.  Harris, 

20.  Benjamin  Brown, 

21.  John  Hurdman. 


APPENDIX. 


53 


James  Welborn, 

1.  Charles  McDowell, 

2.  J.  B.  Kelly, 

3.  D.  Ramsour, 

4.  James  Mebane, 

5.  A.  Rencher, 

John  Crawford, 

1.  J   J.  Caldwell, 

2.  W.  H.  Cannon, 

3.  A.  Mazyck, 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

C.  William  W.  Cherry, 

7.  James  S.  Smith, 

8.  Thomas  F.  Jones, 

9.  Charles  Manly, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

4.  J.  Buchanan, 

5.  H.  J.  Johnson, 
G.  F.  J.  Goodwyn, 


GEORGIA. 
George  R.  Gilmer, 

1.  D.  L.  Clinch,  4.  C.  B.  Strong, 

2.  W.  W.  Ezzard,  6.  Joel  Crawford, 

3.  J.  W.  Campbell,  6.  E.  Wimberly, 


D.  F.  Caldwell. 

10.  Josiah  Collins, 

11.  William  L.  Long, 

12.  James  W.  Bryan, 

13.  Daniel  B.  Baker. 


J.  L.  Jeter. 

7.  W.  McWillie, 

8.  J.  Jenkins, 

9.  John  L.  Ashe. 


A.  Miller. 

7.  Charles  Dougherty, 

8.  J.  Whitehead, 

9.  S.  Grantland. 


ALABAMA. 
William  K.  Hallett,  Joseph  P.  Frazier. 

1.  B.  M.  Lowe,  3.  M.  F.  Rainey,  5.  J.  Murphy. 

2.  Benjamin  Fitzpatrick,       4.  Benjamin  Reynolds, 

MISSISSIPPI. 

S.  S.  Prentiss,  Thomas  J.  Word. 

1.  J.  J.  Stewart,  2.  Henry  Dickenson. 


E.  H.  Foster, 

1.  S.  Jarnagin, 

2.  J.  F.  Morford, 

3.  Thomas  D.  Arnold, 


TENNESSEE. 

5.  William  P.  Senter, 

6.  James  0.  Janes, 

7.  A.  A.  Anderson, 


4.  Thomas  L.  Bransford,       8.  D.  W.  Dickensou, 

KENTUCKY. 
Richard  A.  Buckner, 

1.  James  F.  Morehead,          6.  Daniel  Breck, 

2.  Thomas  W.  Riley,  7.  James  W.  Irwin, 
8.  Robert  Patterson,              8.  R.  II.  Menefee, 

4.  William  H.  Field,  9.  B.  Y.  Ousley, 

5.  Iredell  Hart, 


William  R.  Putnam, 

1.  Alexander  Mayhew,  8. 

2.  Henry  Barter,  9. 

3.  A.  Spafford,  10. 

4.  Joshua  Collett,  11. 

5.  Abram  Miley,  12. 

6.  Samuel  F.  Vinton,  13. 

7.  John  I.  Vanmeter, 


OHIO. 

Aquila  Toland, 
Perley  B.  Johnson, 
John  Dukes, 
Otho  Brashear, 
James  Raquel, 
C.  S.  Miller, 


Thomas  I.  Campbell. 
9.  J.  H.  Cahal, 

10.  G.  A.  Henry, 

11.  E.  J.  Shields, 

12.  George  W.  Gibbs. 


Charles  G.  Wintersmith. 

10.  M.  P.  Marshall, 

11.  James  Harlan, 

12.  A.  Beatty, 

13.  W.  W.  Southgate. 


Reasin  Beall. 

14.  John  Carey, 

15.  David  King, 

16.  Storm  Rosa, 

17.  John  Beatty, 

18.  John  Augustine, 

19.  John  Jameson. 


54 


APPENDIX. 


INDIANA. 
J.  McCarty, 

1.  J.  W.  Payne,  4.  James  H.  Cravens, 

2.  Joseph  L.  White,  5.  Caleb  B.  Smith, 

3.  Pdchard  W.  Thompson, 

ILLINOIS. 
A.  W.  Snyder, 
1.  Isaac  P.  Walker,  2.  James  H.  Ralston, 


Joseph  G.  Marshall. 

6.  William  Herod, 

7.  Samuel  C.  Sample. 


J.  A.  McClernand. 
3.  I.  W.  Eldridge. 


Thomas  J.  Drake, 
1.  J.  Van  Fassen. 


MICHIGAN. 


LOUISIANA. 
William  De  Buys, 
1.  J.  Birnard,  2.  S.  Lewis, 


H.  G.  Wells. 


Jacques  Dupre". 
3.  L.  Barras. 


A.  Byrd, 
1.  E.  Dobyns, 


MISSOURI. 
2.  W.  G.  Meriwether.'' 


James  Ilolman. 


ARKANSAS. 


John  McClellen, 
1.  John  Miller. 


Samuel  M.  Rutherford. 


FIFTEENTH   PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1845. 


JAMES  K.  POLK  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote  of 
Maine,  New  Hampshire,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  South  Carolina, 
Georgia,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Alabama,  Missouri,  Arkansas, 
and  Michigan — 170.  Henry  Clay  received  the  vote  of  Khode  Island,  Massa 
chusetts,  Connecticut,  Yermont,  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  Maryland,  North  Caro 
lina,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and  Ohio — 105.  GEORGE  M.  DALLAS  was  elected 
Vice-President,  receiving  170  votes;  while  T.  Frelinghuysen  had  105.  The 
Electors  were : — 


MAINE. 
James  W.  Bradbury, 

1.  John  Stickney,  4.  Leri  Morrill, 

2.  Ichabod  Jordan,  5.  J.  A.  Lowell, 

3.  Alfred  Pierce, 


John  Foster. 

6.  Thomas  Bartlett, 

7.  Nathaniel  Robinson. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
William  Badger,  Isaac  Hale. 

1.  John  McNeil,  3.  E.  R.  Currier,  4.  J.  L.  Putnam. 

2.  E.  Sawyer, 


APPENDIX. 


55 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

Abbott  Lawrence,  A.  R.  Thompson. 

1.  Lewis  Strong,  5.  J.  P.  Allen,  8.  Elijah  Vosc, 

2.  Charles  Allen,  6.  C.  B.  llising,  9.  W.  Baylies, 

3.  N.  Appleton,  7.  Homer  Bartlett,  10.  Seth  Crowell. 

4.  W.  B.  Calhoun, 

RIIODE  ISLAND. 

Benjamin  Weaver,  John  Greene. 

1.  Stephen  Steerc,  2.  N.  F.  Dixon. 


Clark  Bissell, 

1.  Charles  W.  Rockwell, 

2.  Joseph  L.  Gladding, 

J.  IT.  Harris, 

1.  John  Pick, 

2.  Benjamin  Swift, 


CONNECTICUT. 
3.  S.  A.  Foote, 

VERMONT. 
3   C.  Townsley, 


Benjamin  F.  Butler 

1.  Daniel  S.  Dickenson,  13. 

2.  Clemence  Whitaker,  14. 

3.  Hugh  Halsey,  15. 

4.  A.  Doane,  16. 

5.  H.  Thompson,  17. 

6.  Thomas  H.  Hubbard,  18. 

7.  George  Douglas,  19. 

8.  L.  Pettengill,  20. 

9.  Neil  Cray,  21. 

10.  William  Mason,  22. 

11.  W.  S.  Havemayer,  23. 

12.  H.  Potts, 


NEW  YORK. 


N.  0.  Kellogg. 

4.  Truman  Smith. 


C.  Coolidge. 

4.  E.  Fairbanks. 


J.  B.  Ayerigg, 

1.  Charles  Reeves, 

2.  E.  Y.  Rogers, 


John 

J.  J.  Coddington,  24. 

Daniel  Dana,  25. 

Daniel  Johnson,  26. 

John  Gillett,  27. 

J.  Crawford,  28. 

J.  E.  Bogardus,  29. 

William  Murrey,  30. 

J.  Boynton,  31. 

Jacobus  Hoerolnburgh,  32. 
E.  Johnson,  33. 

J.  L.  Hogeboom,  34. 


NEW  JERSEY. 


3.  E.  Q.  Keasbeg, 

4.  James  Stewart, 


Nellis. 

John  Lapham, 
N.  M.  Martin, 
J.  D.  Higgins, 
J.  K.  Paige, 
R.  H.  Shankland, 
John  Savage, 
J.  Hascall,  Jr. 
William  Hedding, 
Rufus  H.  Smith, 
John  Fay, 
A.  Hogeboom. 


John  Emly. 

5.  A.  Godwin. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 
Wilson  McCandlesa, 
1.  Asa  Dimock,  9.  John  Hill, 

10.  I.  Brewster, 

11.  Samuel  E.  Leech, 

12.  George  Schnable, 

13.  Samuel  Camp, 

14.  N.  B.  Eldred, 

15.  William  N.  Irvine, 

16.  John  Matthews, 


2.  N.  W.  Sample, 

3.  G.  F.  Lehman, 

4.  William  Ileidenrich, 

5.  Christian  Kneass, 
ft.  Conrad  Shimer, 

7.  William  H.  Smith, 

8.  Stephen  Baldy, 


Jesse  Sharp. 

17.  James  Woodburn, 

18.  William  Patterson, 

19.  Hugh  Montgomery, 

20.  A.  Burke, 

21.  Isaac  Ankeny, 

22.  John  M.  Gill, 

23.  C.  Meyers, 

24.  Robert  Orr. 


56 


APPENDIX. 


DELAWARE. 

Alfred  Du  Pont,  .  Thomas  Davis. 

1.  Enoch  Spruance. 

MARYLAND. 
William  M.  Gaither,  William  Price. 

1.  James  B.  Ricaud,  ,  3.  Thomas  S.  Alexander,       5.  H.  E.  Wright, 

2.  C.  K.  Stewart,  4.  A.  W.  Bradford,  6.  Samuel  Hambleton. 


VIRGINIA. 
John  S.  Millson, 

1.  Thomas  Wallace,  6.  G.  B.  Samuels, 

2.  Richard  Coke,  Jr.  7.  A.  Stuart, 

3.  R.  H.  Baptiste,  8.  James  Hoge, 


W.  II.  Roane. 

11.  William  Smith, 

12.  R.  A.  Thompson, 

13.  William  P.  Taylor, 


4.  H.  Bedinger, 

5.  William  Daniel, 


9.  Thomas  J.  Randolph,      14.  Joseph  Johnson, 


10.  H.  S.  Kane, 


15.  William  S.  Morgan. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 
William  W.  Cheny, 

1.  R.  B.  Gilliam,  4.  M.  Q.  Waddell, 

2.  W.  II.  Washington,  5.  John  Kern, 

3.  D.  B.  Baker,  6.  A.  H.  Shepard, 


Josiah  Collins. 

7.  James  W.  Osborne, 

8.  J.  Horton, 

9.  John  Baxter. 


F.  H.  Elmore, 

1.  J.  D.  Wetherspoon, 

2.  H.  C.  Young, 

3.  F.  W.  Huey, 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

4.  T.  B.  Skipper, 

5.  L.  Boozer, 


F.  W.  Pickens. 

6.  William  Cairn, 

7.  R.  De  Treville. 


GEORGIA. 
Charles  J.  McDonald,  Alfred  Iverson. 

1.  B.  Graves,  4.  Charles  Murphy,  7.  William  B.  Wofford, 

2.  H.  V.  Johnson,  5.  William  F.  Sanford,  8.  Eli  H.  Baxter. 

3.  R.  M.  Charlton,  6.  George  W.  Towers, 


P.  Triplett, 

1.  B.  M.  Crenshaw, 

2.  W.  W.  Southgate, 

3.  Benjamin  Hardin, 

4.  W.  R.  Grigsby. 


KENTUCKY. 

5.  I.  K.  Underwood, 

6.  W.  J.  Gram, 

7.  R.  A.  Patterson, 


OHIO. 

Thomas  Corwin, 

1.  Bellamy  Stover,  8.  David  Adams, 

2.  Samson  Mason,  9.  Jos.  Olds, 

3.  W.  Bebb,  10.  D.  S.  Norton, 

4.  D.  J.  Cory,  11.  W.  W.  Conklin, 

5.  A.  Harlan,  12.  James  K  Holcombe, 

6.  J.  Scott,  13.  H.  Chapin, 

7.  R.  W.  Clark,  14.  J.  Crooks, 


Greene  Adams. 

8.  Leslie  Coombs, 

9.  John  Kincard, 
10.  L.  W.  Andrews. 


Peter  Hitchcock. 

15.  T.  W.  Bostwick, 

16.  W.  R.  Sapp, 

17.  J.  W.  Gill, 

18.  Cyrus  Spunk, 

19.  J.  H.  Baldwin, 

20.  W.  S.  Perkins, 

21.  John  Fuller. 


APPENDIX. 


57 


John  Bell, 

1.  G.  A.  Henry, 

2.  J.  H.  Crozier, 

3.  J.  A.  R.  Nelson, 

4.  D.  L.  Barringer, 


TENNESSEE. 

Robert  L.  Caruthers. 

5.  R.  II.  Hynds,  9.  II.  L.  Bransford, 

6.  N.  S.  Brown,  10.  William  T.  Haskell, 

7.  Thomas  R.  Jennings,       11.  Robertson  Topp. 

8.  J.  D.  Tyler, 


G.  Leonard, 
1.  T.  Landry, 
•2.  T.  W.  Scott, 

A.  Fox, 

1.  J.  W.  Matthews, 
1.  Jos.  Bell, 

James  G.  Reed, 

1.  William  A.  Bowles, 

2.  Elijah  Newland, 

3.  J.  M.  Johnston, 

4.  Samuel  E.  Perkins, 

A.  W.  Cavarly, 
1.  J.  D.  Wood, 
'2.  John  Dement, 
3.  Willis  Allen, 

Lewis  Beaufait, 
1.  P.  S.  Paulding, 


LOUISIANA. 
3.  A.  E.  Mouton, 

MISSISSIPPI. 

3.  H.  S.  Foote, 

INDIANA. 

5.  William  W.  Wick, 
G.  P.  C.  Dunning, 
7.  Austin  M.  Puett, 

ILLINOIS. 

4.  Isaac  N.  Arhold, 

5.  A.  C.  French, 

MICHIGAN. 
2.  Charles  P.  Burch, 


J.  B.  Planche*. 

4.  S.  W.  Downes. 


R.  H.  Boone. 

4.  Jefferson  Davis. 


G.  N.  Fitch. 

8.  H.  W.  Ellsworth, 

9.  Charles  W.  Cathcart, 
10.  John  Gilbert, 


William  A.  Richardson. 

6.  John  Calhoun, 

7.  Norman  II.  Purple. 


George  Redfield. 

3.  Samuel  Arford. 


R.  B.  Wathall, 

1.  W.  R.  Hallett, 

2.  Dixon  Hall, 

3.  Thomas  S.  Mays, 

W.  W.  Izard, 
1.  W.  S.  Oldham. 

James  S.  Green, 

1.  W.  P.  Hall, 

2.  William  Shields, 


ALABAMA. 

4.  J.  J.  Winston, 

5.  J.  A.  Nooe, 

ARKANSAS. 


MISSOURI. 

3.  W.  C.  Jones, 

4.  Franklin  Cannon, 


Daniel  Hubbard. 

6.  Jeremiah  Clemens, 

7.  William  B.  Martin. 


Solon  Borland. 


William  A.  Hall. 

5.  William  L.  Sublette. 


58 


APPENDIX. 


SIXTEENTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1849. 

ZACHARY  TAYLOR  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote  of 
Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  Yermont,  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  Kentucky,  Ten 
nessee,  Louisiana,  and  Florida — 163  votes.  Lewis  Cass  received  the  entire  vote 
of  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Virginia,  South  Carolina,  Ohio,  Mississippi,  Indiana, 
Illinois,  Alabama,  Missouri,  Arkansas,  Michigan,  Texas,  Iowa,  and  Wisconsin — 
127  votes.  MILLARD  FILLMORE  was  elected  Yice-President,  receiving  163  votes ; 
while  William  0.  Butler  received  127.  The  Electors  were : — • 


Rufus  Mclntire, 

1.  II.  J.  Anderson,  4. 

2.  A.  Wiswell,  5. 

3.  0.  L.  Sanborn, 

Samuel  Tilton, 

1.  Joseph  H.  Smith,  3. 

2.  J.  Eastman, 

Levi  Lincoln, 

1.  E.  Dwight,  5. 

2.  D.  Adams,  6. 

3.  Albert  Fearing,  7. 

4.  Isaac  Liverrnore, 

William  Sprague, 
1.  I.  T.  Rhodes,  2. 


MAINE. 

A.  Masters, 
E.  L.  Osgood, 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
R.  H.  Ayer, 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

B.  F.  Thomas, 
M.  Lawrence, 
A.  Howland, 

RHODE   ISLAND. 
R.  Babcock. 


Thomas  D.  Robinson. 

6.  Asa  Clark, 

7.  D.  R.  Stran. 


Jesse  Bowers. 

4.  Simeon  Warner. 


David  Pungree. 

8.  H.  A.  S.  Dearborn, 

9.  William  Baylies, 
10.  William  K.  Easton. 


George  C.  King. 


CONNECTICUT. 

T.  W.  Williams,  Solomon  Olmsted. 

1.  E.  Jackson,  2.  J.  McClellan,  3.  J.  B.  Ferris. 


VERMONT. 
Erastus  Fairbanks, 

1.  George  T.  Hodges,  3.  A.  L.  Catlin, 

2.  A.  Tracy, 


H.  H.  Ross, 

1.  A.  T.  Rose, 

2.  George  Benson, 

3.  J.  M.  Cross, 

4.  J.  C.  Cruger, 

5.  D.  Lord, 

6.  T.  D.  Bull, 


NEW  YORK. 

7.  Jo.  Hoxie, 

8.  J.  S.  Smith, 

9.  J.  Whittemore, 

10.  Robert  Dorian, 

11.  J.  Seymour, 

12.  C.  F.  Crosby, 


Timothy  Follett. 
4.  E.  Cleveland. 


George  Griswold. 

13.  J.  McKie, 

14.  B.  J.  Clark, 

15.  S.  Freeman, 

16.  J.  A.  Collier, 

17.  I.  C.  Duff, 

18.  J.  Bradley, 


APPENDIX. 


59 


19.  William  B.  Welles, 

20.  Daniel  Larkin, 

21.  Charles  R.  Barstow, 

22.  0.  Poolc, 

23.  D.  Kellogg, 

24.  B.  F.  Ilarwood, 

John  Hunk, 

1.  J.  Brick, 

2.  Robert  V.  Armstroiu 


Thomas  M.  T. 

1.  John  P.  Sanderson, 

2.  W.  G.  Hurly, 

3.  J.  G.  Clarkson, 

4.  Francis  Tyler, 

5.  J.  P.  Wetherill, 

6.  II.  Johnson, 

7.  J.  M.  Davis, 

8.  William  CalJer, 


25.  S.  Francher, 

26.  J.  Davenport, 

27.  E.  Sheldon, 

28.  D.  E.  Sill, 

29.  M.  Butterfield, 

NEW  JERSEY. 

3.  Charles  Burroughs, 

4.  C.  Howell, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
McKennan, 

9.  Thomas  AV.  Duffield, 

10.  William  Mcllvaine, 

11.  J.  Dungan, 

12.  Charles  W.  Fisher, 

13.  Daniel  E.  Hitner, 

14.  A.  G.  Curtin, 

15.  J.  D.  Steele, 


30.  William  Kelchum, 

31.  E.  D.  Smith, 

32.  0'.  P.  Ilaskall, 

33.  Asa  Chatfield, 

34.  Solomon  Parmalee. 


Isaac  V.  Brown. 

5.  Peter  I.  Ackerman. 


Charles  Snyder. 

17.  I.  Landes, 

18.  Joseph  Markle, 

19.  Joseph  Shomacher, 

20.  Daniel  Agnew, 

21.  A.  M.  Loomis, 

22.  Thomas  II.  Sill, 

23.  Richard  Irwin, 


16.  Thomas  R.  Davidson,      24.  Samuel  A.  Purviance. 


P.  Reybold, 
1.  G.  II.  Wright. 

W.  L.  Gaither, 

1.  Joseph  S.  Cottman, 

2.  J.  P.  Roman, 


DELAWARE. 


MARYLAND. 

3.  J.  M.  S.  Causin, 

4.  J.  M.  Starris, 


Samuel  Cotts. 


A.  G.  Ege. 

5.  B.  C.  Wicker, 

6.  J.  C.  Derickson. 


J.  S.  Millson, 

1.  F.  E.  Rives, 

2.  Henry  A.  Wise, 

3.  H.  L.  Hopkins, 

4.  Thomas  Sloane, 

5.  W.  P.  Bocock, 


VIRGINIA. 

6.  G.  B.  Samuels, 

7.  W.  M.  Tredway, 

8.  John  Letcher, 

9.  S.  F.  Leake, 
10.  John  B.  Floyd, 


R.  G.  Scott. 

11.  J.  S.  Barbour,  Sr. 

12.  A.  G.  Pendleton, 

13.  H.  A.  Washington, 

14.  Samuel  L.  Haynes, 

15.  0.  W.  Largefit. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 
Kenneth  Rayner, 

1.  Edward  Stanley,  4.  J.  Winslow, 

2.  W.  H.  Washington,  5.  John  Kerr, 

3.  George  Davis,  6.  Rawley  Galloway, 


II.  W.  Miller. 

7.  Jas.  W.  Osborne, 

8.  Tod  R.  Caldwell, 

9.  John  Baxton. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
Benjamin  F.  Perry, 

1.  Thomas  Lehre,  4.  W.  J.  Ilanna, 

2.  J.  L.  Manning,  5.  N.  R.  Eaves, 

3.  P.  C.  Caldwell, 


Alexander  Ervins. 

6.  J.  B.  Campbell, 

7.  Benjamin  G.  Allston. 


60 


APPENDIX. 


GEORGIA. 
William  Terrell, 

1.  H.  W.  Sharpe,  4.  Asbury  Hull, 

2.  W.  Aiken,  5.  A.  W.  Bedding, 

3.  William  H.  Crawford,        6.  Y.  P.  King, 


Seaton  Grantlaud. 

7.  William  Moseley, 

8.  George  Stapleton. 


A.  Dixon, 

1.  L.  Lindsay, 

2.  J.  L.  Johnson, 
3   F.  E.  McLean, 

4.  William  Chenault, 

James  C.  Jones, 

1.  T.  A.  R.  Nelson, 

2.  A.  G.  Watkins, 

3.  E.  B.  Brabson, 

4.  John  L.  Goodall, 


KENTUCKY. 

5.  T.  W.  Lisle, 

6.  M.  D.  McHenry, 

7.  B.  R.  Young, 

TENNESSEE. 

5.  William  Kercheval, 

6.  S.  E.  Rose, 

7.  J.  S.  Brien, 

8.  William  Cullom, 


M.  V.  Thomson. 

8.  Leslie  Coombs, 

9.  A.  Trumbo, 

10.  W.  C.  Marshall. 


John  Netherland. 
9.  A.  Goodrich, 

10.  G.  D.  Searcy, 

11.  C.  H.  Williams. 


L.  Byington, 

1.  J.  Sniden, 

2.  George  Kesling, 

3.  J.  Kinney, 

4.  G.  Volney  Dorsey, 

5.  C.  M.  Godfrey, 

6.  S.  Diffenderfer, 

7.  S.  M.  Littell, 


OHIO. 

8.  D.  T.  Swinney, 

9.  Lewis  Anderson, 

10.  John  Lidey, 

11.  William  .Lawrence, 

12.  William  J.  Fry, 

13.  Joseph  Burnis, 

14.  W.  McDonald, 


Samuel  Starkweather. 

15.  D.  A.  Starkweather, 

16.  J.  B.  Butler, 

17.  H.  B.  Payne, 

18.  A.  Ives, 

19.  John  Caldwell, 

20.  John  Glover, 

21.  Van.  S.  Murphy. 


LOUISIANA. 

Jacques  Joutant, 

J.  P.  Benjamin. 

1.  M.  J.  Garcia,                      3.  John  Moore, 

4.  J.  G.  Campbell. 

2.  C.  Adams,  Jr. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

J.  A.  Quitman, 

J.  W.  Chalmers. 

1.  D.  B.  Wright,                      3.  William  Me  Willie, 

4.  G.  W.  L.  Smith. 

2.  J.  A.  Ventress, 

INDIANA. 

Robert  Dale  Owen, 

E.  M.  Chamberlain. 

1.  N.  Albertson,                      5.  James  Ritchey, 

8.  Daniel  Mace, 

2.  C.  L.  Dunham,                   6.  George  W.  Carr, 

9.  G.  N.  Fitch, 

3.  William  M.  McCarty,        7.  I.  M.  Hanna, 

10.  A.  J.  Harlan. 

4.  Charles  H.  Test, 

ILLINOIS. 

I.  Manning, 

Ferris  Foreman. 

1.  M.  Sweny,                          4.  H.  W.  Vandervier, 

6.  M.  E.  Hollister, 

2.  C.  Lansing,                         5.  S.  S.  Hayes, 

7.  W.  L.  Furgerson. 

3.  William  Martin, 


APPENDIX. 


61 


John  A.  Winston, 

1.  J.  E.  Saunders,  4. 

2.  Lewis  M.  Stone,  5. 

3.  Francis  S.  Lyon, 

J.  C.  Welborn, 

1.  Abraham  McKinuey,         3. 

2.  B.  T.  Massey,  4. 


John  Martin, 
1.  James  Yell. 

John  S.  Barry, 
1.  Rix  Robinson, 


Jackson  Morton, 
1.  J.  II.  Mclntosh. 

James  B.  Miller, 
1.  William  C.  Young, 


A.  C.  Dodge, 
1.  Joseph  Williams, 


F.  Huebschmann, 
1.  William  Dinwiddie,  ' 


ALABAMA. 

James  Armstrong, 
J.  J.  Seibels, 

MISSOURI. 

E.  B.  Ewing, 
James  II.  Rolfe, 

ARKANSAS. 


MICHIGAN. 
II.  C.  Turbur, 
FLORIDA. 

TEXAS. 

M.  A.  Dooley. 
IOWA. 
Lincoln  Clark. 

WISCONSIN. 
D.  P.  Mapes. 


Columbus  W.  Lee. 

6.  C.  C.  Clay,  Jr. 

7.  James  F.  Dowdell. 


0.  D.  Hall. 

6.  Tristam  Polk. 


John  S.  Krane. 


L.  M.  Mason. 

3.  William  T.  Howell. 


Samuel  Spencer. 


T.  G.  Brooks. 


J.  J.  Selman. 


Samuel  F.  Nichols. 


SEVENTEENTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION— 1853. 

FRANKLIN  PIERCE  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote 
of  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina, 
Georgia,  Florida,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Louisiana,  Texas,  Arkansas,  Ohio, 
Michigan,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Missouri,  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  and  California — 296. 
Winfield  Scott  received  the  vote  of  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  Tennessee,  and 
Kentucky — 42.  WILLIAM  R.  KINO  was  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  254 
votes;  while  William  A.  Graham  had  42.  The  Electors  were: — 


R.  Mclntire, 

1.  G.  F.  Shepley, 

2.  R.  Lowell, 


MAINE. 

3.  I.  H.  Fuller, 

4.  0.  Mores, 


J.  C.  Talbot. 

6.  D.  Richardson, 
6.  J.  W.  Tabor. 


62 


APPENDIX. 


H.  Hubbard, 
1.  J.  A.  Douglas, 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
2.  S.  Webster, 

VERMONT. 


Porters  Baxter, 
1.  E.  P.  Walton,  2.  E.  Kirkland, 


L.  Jones 

3.  N.  B.  Baker. 


A.  P.  Lyman. 
3.  L.  Adams. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 
E.  C.  Winthrop, 

1.  George  Bliss,  5.  E.  Torrey, 

2.  J.  Gardner, 

3.  R.  G.  Shaw, 

4.  George  Coggswell, 


6.  George  A.  Crocker, 

7.  Amos  Lawrence, 

8.  Daniel  C.  Baker, 


J.  H.  W.  Page. 
9.  J.  Coggin, 

10.  R.  Bullock, 

11.  E.  R.  Colt. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

George  Turner,  A.  Ballou. 

1.  A.  Eddy.  2.  J.  Spink. 


CONNECTICUT. 
Thomas  H.  Seymour, 

1.  A.  P.  Hyde,  3.  S.  Bingham, 

2.  Charles  Parker, 

NEW  YORK. 
S.  B.  Piper, 

1.  P.  S.  Crooke, 

2.  E.  B.  Litchfield, 

3.  R.  T.  Compton, 

4.  J.  M.  Marsh, 

5.  I.  Murphy, 

6.  William  H.  Cornell, 

7.  G.  F.  Conover, 

8.  A.  F.  Vache, 

9.  E.  Suffern, 

10.  Alexander  Thompson, 

11.  Zadock  Pratt, 


12.  L.  Van  Buren, 

13.  J.  Pierson, 

14.  J.  W.  Bishop, 

15.  C.  Vosburgh, 

16.  Thomas  Crook, 

17.  W.  C.  Grain, 

18.  William  Taylor, 

19.  C.  S.  Grinnell, 

20.  W.  C.  Beardsley, 

21.  L.  J.  Walworth, 

22.  D.  A.  Ogden, 


N.  Belcher. 

4.  William  F.  Taylor. 


Charles  O'Conor. 

23.  T.  H.  Hubbard, 

24.  T.  G.  McDowell, 

25.  S.  G.  Hathaway, 

26.  F.  C.  Divinny, 

27.  D.  De  Wolf, 

28.  D.  Warners, 

29.  J.  C.  Collins, 

30.  T.  B.  Skinner, 

31.  William  Vandervoort, 

32.  W.  L.  G.  Smith, 

33.  Benjamin  Chamberlain. 


V.  D.  Vroom, 

1.  William  S.  Bowen, 

2.  G.  Black, 


NEW  JERSEY. 

3.  P.  B.  Kennedy, 

4.  J.  N.  Taylor, 


William  Wright. 
5.  E.  A.  Stevens. 


H.  McCandless, 

1.  N.  B.  Eldred, 

2.  Peter  Logan, 

3.  George  H.  Martin, 

4.  I.  Miller, 

5.  F.  W.  Bockius, 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

6.  R.  McCoy,  Jr. 

7.  A.  Apple, 

8.  N.  Strickland, 

9.  A.  Peters, 
10.  D.  Fister, 


Robert  Patterson. 

11.  R.  E.  James, 

12.  J.  McReynolds, 

13.  Pardon  Damon, 

14.  II.  C.  Eyer, 

15.  J.  Clayton, 


APPENDIX. 


G3 


16.  Isaac  Robinson, 

17.  II.  Fetten, 

18.  J.  Burnside, 

19.  M.  McCaslin. 

J.  Merritt, 
1.  Henry  Bacon. 

R.  M.  McLane, 

1.  J.  Parren, 

2.  R.  H.  Alvey, 


20.  J.  McDonald, 

21.  W.  S.  Callahan, 

22.  A.  Burke, 

DELAWARE. 


MARYLAND. 

3.  Carroll  Spence, 

4.  C.  J.  M.  Gwiime, 


23.  William  Dunn, 

24.  J.  S.  McCalmont, 

25.  George  K.  Barrett. 


William  I.  Clark. 


C.  Humphries. 

5.  J.  A.  Wickes, 
G.  E.  K.  Wilson. 


M.  Cooke, 

1.  T.  Rives, 

2.  W.  E.  Flournoy, 

3.  J.  Goode,  Jr. 

4.  11.  G.  Scott, 
6.  II.  A.  Wise, 


VIRGINIA. 

G.  R.  L.  Montague, 

7.  James  Barbour, 

8.  R.  Tucker, 

9.  George  E.  Deneale, 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 
James  C.  Dobbin, 

1.  Burton  Craige,  4.  A.  Rencher, 

2.  W.  F.  Leak,  5.  L.  0.  B.  Branch, 

3.  Robert  P.  Dick,  6.  Samuel  J.  Person, 


A.  H.  Dillnrd. 

10.  James  McDowell, 

11.  J.  B.  Floyd, 

12.  M.  II.  Johnson, 

13.  Z.  Kidwell. 


William  H.  Thomas. 

7.  D.  G.  W.  Ward, 

8.  Thomas  Bragg. 


G.  Cannon, 

1.  J.  II.  Adams, 

2.  R.  F.  W.  Allston, 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

3.  I.  F.  Marshall, 

4.  M.  E.  Cam, 


Thomas  P.  Brockman. 

5.  W.  D.  Porter, 

6.  C.  G.  Memminger. 


GEORGIA. 
Wilson  Lumpkin,  H.  V.  Johnson. 

1.  T.  M.  Forrman,  4.  II.  A.  Haralson,  7.  II.  W.  Flournoy, 

2.  R.  II.  Clarke,  5.  I.  E.  Brown,  8.  William  Schley. 

3.  H.  G.  Lamar,  G.  William  L.  Mitchell, 


Jesse  Coe, 
1.  J.  C.  Smith. 


J.  A.  Winston, 

1.  F.  S.  Lyon, 

2.  J.  S.  Seibels, 

3.  C.  W.  Lee, 


FLORIDA. 


ALABAMA. 

4.  L.  M.  Stone, 

5.  Jas.  Armstrong, 


MISSISSIPPI. 
E.  C.  Wilkinson, 

1.  W.  II.  Johnson,  3.  J.  II.  R.  Taylor, 

2.  0.  K.  Singleton,  4.  U.  S.  Featherston, 


McQueen  Mclntosh. 


E.  Saunders. 

G.  C.  C.  Clay,  Jr. 
7.  J.  S.  Dowdell. 


A.  M.  Jackson. 

5.  Hiram  Casseday, 


64 


APPENDIX. 


LOUISIANA. 
E.  Warren  Moise, 

1.  J.  B.  Planche",  3.  T.  Landry, 

2.  Thomas  0.  Moore. 


TEXAS. 


George  W.  Smyth, 
1.  L.  D.  Evans. 


ARKANSAS. 
H.  M.  Rector, 
1.  T.  B.  Flournoy,  2.  B.  T.  Duval. 


G.  A.  Henry, 

1.  N.  G.  Taylor, 

2.  H.  Maynard, 

3.  George  Brown, 

4.  S.  M.  File, 

J.  F.  Bell, 

1.  L.  Anderson, 

2.  J.  S.  McFarland, 

3.  J.  G.  Rogers, 

4.  Thomas  E.  Bramlette, 

W.  McLean, 

1.  B.  Burns, 

2.  J.  B.  Damble, 

3.  Charles  Rule, 

4.  William  Golden, 

5.  G.  AY.  Stokes, 

6.  0.  Keyser, 

7.  R.  C.  Cunningham, 


J.  S.  Barry, 

1.  A.  Edwards, 

2.  William  McCauley, 

John  Pettit, 

1.  J.  H.  Lane, 

2.  A.  F.  Morrison, 

3.  J.  F.  Read, 

4.  W.  C.  Larabee, 


TENNESSEE. 

5.  J.  Stokes, 

6.  J.  M.  Davidson, 

7.  E.  R.  Osborne, 


T.  G.  Davidson. 

4.  R,  W.  Richardson. 


R.  S.  Neighbors. 


J.  A.  Carter. 


William  T.  Haskell. 

8.  J.  A.  McEwen, 

9.  A.  G.  Shrewsbury, 
10.  J.  R.  Moseby. 


KENTUCKY. 

Charles  S.  Morehead. 

5.  J.  L.  Helm,  8.  J.  Rodman, 

6.  C.  F.  Burnan,  9.  L.  M.  Cox, 

7.  Thomas  F.  Marshall,       10.  Thomas  B.  Stevenson. 


OHIO. 

8.  II.  J.  Jewett, 

9.  E.  G.  Dial, 

10.  W.  0.  Key, 

11.  L.  II.  Steedman, 

12.  C.  II.  Mitchener, 

13.  C.  J.  Orton, 

14.  E.  T.  McArtor, 

MICHIGAN. 
3.  Salmer  Sharpe, 

INDIANA. 

5.  Jas.  S.  Athon, 

6.  George  B.  Buell, 

7.  Jas.  S.  Hester, 

8.  Samuel  A.  Hall, 


ILLINOIS. 
J.  A.  McClelland, 

1.  John  Calhoun,  4.  Vierby  Benedict, 

2.  E.  G.  Sanger,  5.  D.  L.  Gregg, 

3.  E.  P.  Ferry,  6.  E.  O'Melveny, 


William  Palmer. 

15.  Joseph  Kyle, 

16.  J.  Finley, 

17.  F.  Cleveland, 

18.  S   D.  Harris. 

19.  E.  T.  Wilder, 

20.  E.  H,  Haines, 

21.  B.  T.  Johnson. 


D.  J.  Campau. 

4.  John  Stockton. 


Nathaniel  Balton. 
9.  E.  Dumont, 

10.  A.  H.  Brown, 

11.  J.  M.  Talbott. 


Richard  J.  Hamilton. 

7.  Jas.  Mahon, 

8.  Joseph  Knox, 

9.  C.  A.  Warren. 


APPENDIX. 


MISSOURI. 
E.  D.  Bcvritt, 

1.  II.  F.  Gary,  4.  J.  D.  Stevenson, 

2.  William  D.  McCracken,     5.  C.  F.  Holly, 

3.  C.  F.  Jackson, 


Alexander  Kayser. 
f>.  J.  M.  Gatewood, 
7.  Robert  E.  Acock. 


IOWA. 

J.  E.  Fletcher,  George  II.  Williams. 

1.  A.  Hall,  2.  W.  E.  Loffingwell. 


WISCONSIN. 
M.  M.  Cothren, 
1.  B.  Brown,  2.  Philo  White, 


Charles  Billinghurst. 
3.  S.  Clark. 


CALIFORNIA. 

W.  S.  Sherwooti,  Thomas  J.  Henley. 

1.  J.  W  Gregory,  2.  Andrew  Pico. 


EIGHTEENTH  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION—  1857. 


JAMES  BUCHANAN  was  elected  President,  receiving  the  entire  electoral  vote  of 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina 
Georgia,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Ala 
bama,  Missouri,  Arkansas,  Florida,  Texas,  and  California  —  173.  J.  C.  Fremont 
received  the  entire  vote  of  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island, 
Connecticut.  Vermont,  New  York,  Ohio,  Michigan,  Iowa,  and  Wisconsin  —  114. 
Millard  Fillmore  received  the  vote  of  Maryland  —  8.  JOHN  C.  BRECKixRiorjE 
wa,s  elected  Vice-President,  receiving  173  votes;  while  AV.  L.  Dayton  had  114, 
and  A.  J.  Donelson  8.  The  Electors  were  :  — 


MALXE. 
Noah  Smith,  Jr. 

1.  James  Morton,  3.  K.  Crockett, 

2.  Isaac  Gross,  4.  E.  Swan, 


S.  Perham. 

5.  A.  P.  Emerson, 

6.  M.  H.  Pike. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

W.  II.  II.  Bailey,  Thomas  L.  Whitton. 

1.  Daniel  Clarke,  2.  Thomas  M.  Edwards,        3.  J.  II.  White. 


VERMONT. 

W.  C.  Bradley,  George  W.  Strong. 

1.  L.  Brainard,  2.  John  Porter,  3.  Porter  Baxter. 

r.* 


66 


APPENDIX. 


Thomas  Colt, 

1.  J.  Vinson, 

2.  A.  B.  Wheeler, 

3.  G.  R.  Russell, 

4.  George  Odiorne, 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

Julius  Rockwell. 

5.  L.  B.  Marsh,  9.  J.  S.  C.  Knowlton, 

6.  George  II.  Devereux,       10.  Charles  E.  Forbes, 

7.  James  M.  Usher,  11.  Franklin  Ripley. 

8.  J.  Nesmith, 


E.  W.  Lawton, 
1.  William  P.  Bullock, 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


2.  William  D.  Brayton. 


Isaac  Saunders. 


H.  Dutton, 

1.  Thomas  Clark, 

2.  E.  Spencer, 


CONNECTICUT. 

J.  Catlin. 
3.  Wm.  A.  Buckingham,        4.  S.  W.  Gold. 


NEW  YORK. 


M.  II.  Grinnell, 

1.  J.  S.  Wadsworth, 

12.  H.  H.  Van  Dyck, 

2.  E.  Field, 

13.  J.  S.  Belcher, 

3.  M.  Tompkins, 

14.  J.  C.  Hulbert, 

4.  J.  P.  Jones, 

15.  D.  D.  Conover, 

5.  A.  P.  Stanton, 

16.  J.  D.  Kingsland, 

6.  E.  Cooke, 

17.  .S.  Stilwell, 

7.  James  Kennedy, 

18.  D.  Cady, 

8.  R.  A.  Barnard, 

19.  R.  S.  Hughston, 

9.  II.  Raster, 

20.  W.  S.  Sayre, 

10.  J.  G.  McMurray, 

21.  J.  S.  Lynch, 

11.  J.  Kelly, 

22.  D.  H.  Marsh, 

Thomas  Carnley. 

23.  A.  Davenport, 

24.  Le  Roy  Morgan, 

25.  E.  Burnham, 

26.  M.  H.  Lawrence, 

27.  J.  B.  Williams, 

28.  Isaac  L.  Endress, 

29.  F.  Clarke, 

30.  W.  S.  Mallory, 

31.  W.  Keep, 

32.  R.  Wheeler, 

33.  Delos  E.  Sill. 


NEW  JERSEY. 


E.  A.  Stevens, 

1.  Benjamin  F.  Leo, 

3.  D.  Von  Fleet, 

2.  II.  L.  Little, 

4.  H.  A.  Ford, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Charles  K.  Buckalew, 

1.  G.  W.  Nebinger, 

10.  Isaac  Stenker, 

2.  P.  Butler, 

11.  F.  W.  Hughes, 

3.  E.  Wartman, 

12.  T.  Osterhout, 

4.  William  H.  Witte, 

13.  A.  Edninger, 

5.  J.  McNair, 

14.  R.  Wilbur, 

6.  J.  H.  Brinton, 

15.  George  A.  Crawford, 

7.  D.  Laury, 

16.  James  Black, 

8.  Charles  Kessler, 

17.  II.  J.  Stahle, 

9.  James  Patterson, 

George  C.  Gordon, 
1.  Charles  Wright. 


DELAWARE. 


G.  F.  Fort. 

5.  George  W.  Savage. 


W.  McCandless. 

18.  J.  D.  Roddy, 

19.  J.  Turney, 

20.  James  A.  T.  Buchanan, 

21.  William  Wilkins, 

22.  J.  C.  Campbell, 

23.  Thomas  Cunningham, 

24.  J.  Keattey, 

25.  V.  Phelps. 


H.  Ridgeley. 


APPENDIX. 


67 


J.  D.  Roman, 

1.  R.  Goldsborough, 

2.  E.  II.  Webster, 


MARYLAND. 

3.  C.  C.  L.  Leary, 

4.  Thomas  Swann, 


James  Wallace. 
6.  F.  A.  Schley, 
6.  A.  R.  Sellers. 


VIRGINIA. 
E.  W.  Massenburg, 

1.  T.  II.  Campbell,  6.  R.  L.  Montague, 

'2.  .1  nines  Garland,  7.  James  Barbour, 

3.  J.  Goode,  Jr.  8.  J.  R.  Tucker, 

4.  Alexander  Jones,  9.  J.  J.  Harris, 

5.  William  B.  Taliaferro, 


H.  M.  Shaw, 

1.  W.  F.  Martin, 

2.  William  P.  Blow, 

3.  M.  B.  Smith, 


NORTU  CAROLINA. 

4.  G.  II.  Wilder, 

5.  S.  E.  Williams, 

G.  Thomas  Settle,  Jr. 


A.  H.  Dillard. 

10.  A.  G.  Pendleton, 

11.  J.  B.  Floyd, 

12.  S.  L.  Hayes, 

13.  Sherrard  Clemens. 


S.  P.  Hill. 

7.  R.  P.  Waring, 

8.  W.  W.  Avery. 


J.  A.  Inglis, 

1.  W.  A.  Owens, 

2.  B.  T.  Watts, 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

3.  J.  J.  Pickens, 

4.  J.  Chesnut,  Jr. 


J.  L.  Nowcll. 

5.  F.  W.  Pickens, 

6.  J.  L.  Manning. 


W.  H.  Stiles, 

1.  J.  L.  Harris, 

2.  L.  J.  Gartrell, 

3.  Thomas  M.  Fournan, 


GEORGIA. 

4.  J.  W.  Lewis, 

5.  S.  Hall, 

6.  J.  P.  Simmons, 


J.  N.  Ramsay. 

7.  J.  P.  Saffold, 

8.  T.  W.  Thomas. 


M.  A.  Long, 
1.  George  W.  Call. 

W.  L.  Yancey, 

1.  L.  P.  Walker, 

2.  J.  G.  Barr, 

3.  A.  B.  Meek, 


FLORIDA. 


ALABAMA. 

4.  J.  D.  Rathers, 

5.  J.  L.  Pugh, 


W.  D.  Barnes. 


J.  W.  A.  Sanford. 

6.  W.  0.  Winston, 

7.  J.  L.  M.  Curry. 


MISSISSIPPI. 
C.  S.  Tarpley,  J.  W.  Matthews. 

1.  J.  F.  Cushman,  3.  B.  Matthews,  5.  H.  T.  Ellett. 

2.  J.  A.  Orr,  4.  William  M.  Estelle, 


C.  J.  Villerre, 

1.  T.  Landry, 

2.  J.  McVea, 


LOUISIANA. 


3.  T.  0.  Moore, 


W.  A.  Elmore. 
4.  H.  Gray. 


68 


APPENDIX. 


TEXAS. 

William  R.  Scurry,  M.  D.  Ector. 

1.  A.  J.  Hood,  2.  A.  J.  Hamilton. 


ARKANSAS. 

L.  H.  Hempstead,  N.  B.  Burrow. 

1.  J.  J.  Green,  2.  J.  McCoy. 


W.  II.  Polk, 

1.  J.  G.  Harris, 

2.  E.  L.  Gardenhire, 

3.  S.  Pawel, 

4.  E.  A.  Keeble, 

E.  Hise, 

1.  J.  W.  Stevenson, 

2.  S.  Cravens, 

3.  I.  T.  Hawkins, 

4.  B.  Magoffin, 

C.  B.  Smith, 

1.  J.  Perkins, 

2.  R.  M.  Corwine, 

3.  P.  Odlin, 

4.  J.  S.  Conklin, 

5.  William  Taylor, 

6.  E.  P.  Evans, 

7.  W.  H.  P.  Dennys, 


TENNESSEE. 

5.  J.  M.  McIIenry, 

6.  J.  II.  Thomas, 

7.  J.  J.  Brown, 


D.  M.  Key. 

8.  G.  G.  Poindexter, 

9.  J.  D.  C.  Atkins, 
10.  D.  M.  Currin. 


KENTUCKY. 

J.  A.  Finn. 

5.  George  W.  Williams,         8.  R.  W.  Woolley, 

6.  Benjamin  F.  Rice,  9.  R.  H.  Stanton, 

7.  William  D.  Reed,  10.  Hiram  Kelsey. 


OHIO. 

8.  J.  R.  Hubbell, 

9.  R.  G.  Pennington, 

10.  F.  Cleaveland, 

11.  J.  Welch, 

12.  D.  Humphrey, 

13.  H.  D.  Cooke, 

14.  E.  Pardee, 


J.  B.  Stallo. 

15.  J.  M.  Hodge, 

16.  Davis  Green, 

17.  M.  Pennington, 

18.  J.  S.  Ilerrick, 

19.  A.  Wilcox, 

20.  J.  Dumas, 

21.  A.  E.  Burs. 


F.  C.  Beaman, 

1.  H.  Chamberlain, 

2.  W.  H.  Withey, 

G.  N.  Fitch, 

1.  S.  H.  Buskirk, 

2.  J.  M.  Hanna, 

3.  W.  T.  Parrett, 

4.  I.  S.  McClelland, 


MICHIGAN. 


3.  C.  II.  Millen, 


INDIANA. 

5.  S.  K.  Wolfe, 

6.  0.  Evarts, 

7.  S.  W.  Short, 

8.  F.  P.  Randall, 


0.  Johnson. 

4.  Thomas  J.  Drake. 


M.  M.  Ray. 

9.  D.  D.  Jones, 

10.  S.  Mickle, 

11.  E.  Johnson. 


ILLINOIS. 
A.  M.  Herrington, 

1.  M.  L.  Joslyn,  4.  I.  P.  Richmond, 

2.  Hugh  Maher,  5.  S.  W.  Moulton, 

3.  R.  Holloway,  6.  0.  B.  Ficklin, 


C.  H.  Constable. 

7.  W.  A.  J.  Sparks, 

8.  J.  A.  Logan. 


APPENDIX. 


69 


IOWA. 
D.  F.  Miller, 

1.  W.  M.  Stone,  2.  II.  0.  Connor. 


II.  T.  Downey. 


CALIFORNIA. 
A.  Olvcra, 
1.  P.  Delia  Torre,  2.  A.  C.  Bradford. 


George  Freaner. 


MISSOURI- 
J.  B.  Henderson, 

1.  W.  Y.  Slack,  4.  J.  T.  Coffee, 

2.  J.  N.  Burns,  5.  F.  Kenneth, 

3.  J.  W.  Torbert, 

WISCONSIN. 
E.  D.  Holton, 

1.  I.  II.  Knowlton,  '2.  Billie  Williams, 


J.  B.  Benjamin. 

6.  W.  D.  McCracken, 

7.  L.  Cooke. 


W.  D.  Mclndoe. 
3.  G.  Menzel. 


70  APPENDIX. 


THE  SUPREME  COURT  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES. 


CHIEF    JUSTICES. 

JOHN  JAY,  of  New  York,  appointed  by  the  President,  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate,  September  26, 1789.  Nominated  April  16,  and  confirmed 
April  19,  1794,  Envoy  Extraordinary  to  England.  Eesigned  as  Chief  Justice. 
Successor  appointed  July  1,  1795. 

JOHN  RUTLEDGE,  of  South  Carolina,  appointed  July  1, 1795,  in  recess  of  Senate, 
in  place  of  John  Jay  resigned,  and  presided  on  the  bench  at  August  term,  1795. 
Nominated  December  10,  and  rejected  by  the  Senate  December  15, 1795. 

WILLIAM  GUSHING,  of  Massachusetts.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed, 
etc.  January  27,  1796,  in  place  of  John  Jay,  resigned.  Declined  the  appoint 
ment.  He  was  then  an  Associate  Justice. 

OLIVER  ELLSWORTH,  of  Connecticut.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed, 
etc.  March  4,  1796,  in  place  of  W.  Gushing,  declined.  Appointed  Envoy  Extra 
ordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  France,  February  27, 1799.  He  pre 
sided  on  the  Bench  at  the  August  term,  1799.  Proceeded  on  his  mission  to 
France,  November  3,  1799.  Resigned  as  Chief  Justice.  Successor  appointed 
December  19,  1800. 

JOHN  JAY,  Governor  of  New  York.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed, 
etc.  December  19,  1800,  in  place  of  Oliver  Ellsworth,  resigned.  Declined  the 
appointment. 

JOHN  MARSHALL,  Secretary  of  State.*  Nomination  confirmed  January  27, 
and  appointed,  etc.  January  31, 1801,  in  place  of  John  Jay,  declined.  Died  in 
1835. 

ROGER  B.  TANEY,  of  Maryland.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed,  etc- 
March  15.  1836,  in  the  place  of  John  Marshall,  deceased. 


*  John  Marshall,  Secretary  of  State,  was  nominated  to  the  Senate  as  Chief  Justice, 
January  20,  1801,  was  confirmed  on  the  27th,  commissioned  on  the  31st,  and  pre 
sided  on  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  from  the  4th  to  the  9th  of  February, 
or  during  February  term,  1801.  From  a  message  of  the  President  to  Congress, 
accompanied  by  a  report  from  John  Marshall,  Secretary  of  State,  dated  February  27, 
1801,  it  appears  that  he  also  continued  to  act  in  the  latter  capacity  until  that  day, 
and  from  other  circumstances,  that  he  continued  to  act  as  such  until  March  3,  1801, 
on  which  day  the  then  administration  terminated. 


APPENDIX.  71 


ASSOCIATE    JUSTICES 

OF    THE    SUPREME    COURT    OF   THE    UNITED    STATES. 

JOHN  RrTi.KPGE,  of  South  Carolina.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed 
September  '2C>,  1TSO.  Resigned,  and  Thomas  Johnson  appointed. 

Wn.i.iAM  Ci  SHIM;,  of  Massachusetts.  Nomination  confirmed  September  26, 
and  appointed  September  27,  1789.  Died,  and  Levi  Lincoln  appointed. 

JAMES  WILSON,  of  Pennsylvania.  Nomination  confirmed  September  2G,  and 
appointed  September  29,  1789.  Died,  and  Bushrod  Washington  appointed. 

JOHN  BLAIR,  of  Virginia.  Nomination  confirmed  September  26,  and  appointed 
September  30,  1789.  Resigned,  and  Samuel  Chase  appointed. 

RORERT  H.  HARRISON,  of  Maryland.  Nomination  confirmed  September  26, 
1789.  Resigned,  and  James  Iredell  appointed. 

JAMES  IREDELL,  of  North  Carolina.  Appointed  in  recess  of  Senate,  in  place 
of  Robert  II.  Harrison,  resigned.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  February 
10,  1790.  Died,  and  Alfred  Moore  appointed. 

THOMAS  JOHNSON,  of  Maryland.  Appointed  August  5,  1791,  in  recess  of 
Senate,  in  place  of  John  Rutledgc,  resigned.  Nomination  confirmed  and  ap 
pointed  November  7, 1791.  Resigned,  and  William  Paterson  appointed. 

WILLIAM  PATERSON,  Governor  of  New  Jersey.  Nomination  confirmed  and 
appointed  March  4,  1793,  in  place  of  Thomas  Johnson,  resigned.  Died,  and 
Brockholst  Livingston  appointed. 

SAMUEL  CHASE,  of  Maryland.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  January 
27,  1796,  in  place  of  John  Blair,  resigned.  Died,  and  Gabriel  Duval  appointed. 

BUSHROD  WASHINGTON,  of  Virginia.  Appointed  September  29, 1798,  in  recess 
of  Senate,  in  place  of  James  Wilson,  deceased.  Nomination  confirmed  and  ap 
pointed  December  30,  1798.  Died,  and  Henry  Baldwin  appointed. 

ALFRED  MOORE,  of  North  Carolina.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed 
December  10,  1799,  in  place  of  James  Iredell,  deceased.  Resigned,  and  William 
Johnson  appointed. 

WILLIAM  JOHNSON,  of  South  Carolina.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed 
March  26,  1804,  in  place  of  Alfred  Moore,  resigned.  (Confirmed  and  appointed 
Collector  of  the  Customs,  February  22,  1819,  and  declined  the  appointment.) 
Died  in  1834,  and  James  M.  Wayne  appointed. 

THOMAS  TODD,  of  Kentucky.  Nomination  confirmed  March  2,  and  appointed 
March  3,  1807. 

BROCKHOLST  LIVINGSTON,  of  New  York.  Appointed  November  10,  1806,  in 
recess  of  Senate,  in  place  of  William  Paterson,  deceased.  Nomination  confirmed 
and  appointed  December  17,  1806.  Died,  and  Smith  Thompson  appointed. 

LEVI  LINCOLN,  of  Massachusetts.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  Janu 
ary  3,  1811,  in  place  of  William  Cushing,  deceased.  Declined  the  appointment, 
and  John  Quincy  Adams  appointed. 


72  APPENDIX. 

JOHN  QUINCY  ADAMS,  of  Massachusetts.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed 
February  22,  1811,  in  place  of  Levi  Lincoln,  declined.  Declined  the  appoint 
ment,  and  Joseph  Story  appointed. 

JOSEPH  STORY,  of  Massachusetts.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  No 
vember  18,  1811,  in  place  of  John  QuincV  Adanis,  declined.  Died,  and  Levi 
Woodbury  appointed. 

GABRIEL  DUVAL.  of  Maryland.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  Novem 
ber  18.  1811.  in  the  place  of  Samuel  Chase,  deceased.  Resigned,  and  Philip  P. 
Barbour  appointed. 

SMITH  THOMPSON,  of  New  York.  Appointed  September  1,  1823,  in  recess  of 
the  Senate,  in  place  of  Brockholst  Livingston,  deceased.  Nomination  confirmed 
and  appointed  December  9.  1823.  Died,  and  Samuel  Nelson  appointed. 

11'  IBERT  TRIMBLE,  of  Kentucky.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  May  0. 
1826.  in  the  place  of  Thomas  Todd,  deceased.  Died,  and  John  McLean  ap 
pointed. 

JOHX  McLEAx.  of  Ohio.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  March  7, 1829, 
in  the  place  of  Robert  Trimble,  deceased. 

HENRY  BALDWIN,  of  Pennsylvania.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed 
January  6,  1830,  in  place  of  Bushrod  Washington,  deceased.  Died,  and  R.  C. 
Grier  appointed. 

JAMES  M.  WAYNE,  of  Georgia.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  Janu 
ary  9.  1835,  in  place  of  William  Johnson,  deceased. 

PHILIP  P.  BARBOUR.  of  Virginia.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  March 
15. 1836.  in  place  of  Gabriel  Duval,  resigned.  Died,  and  P.  V.  Daniel  appointed. 

JOHN  CATRON,  of  Tennessee.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  March  8, 
1837. 

WILLIAM  SMITH,  of  Alabama.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  March  8, 
1637.  Declined  the  appointment,  and  John  McKinley  appointed. 

JOHN  McKiNLEY,  of  Alabama.  Appointed  April  22,  1837,  in  recess  of  the 
Senate,  in  place  of  William  Smith,  declined.  Nomination  confirmed  and  ap 
pointed  September  25.  1>:.7. 

PETER  Y.  DANIEL,  of  Virginia.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  March  3» 
1841,  in  place  of  Philip  P.  Barbour,  deceased. 

SAMUEL  NELSON,  of  New  York.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed  Febru 
ary  14.  1845,  in  place  of  Smith  Thompson,  deceased. 

LEVI  WOODBURY.  of  New  Hampshire.  Appointed  September  20,  1845,  in  re 
cess  of  the  Senate,  in  place  of  Joseph  Story,  deceased.  Nomination  confirmed 
and  appointed  January  3.  1846. 

ROBERT  C.  GRIER.  of  Pennsylvania.  Nomination  confirmed  and  appointed 
August  4,  1846,  in  place  of  Henry  Baldwin,  deceased. 

BENJAMIN  BOBBINS  CURTIS,  of  Massachusetts.  Appointed  during  the  recess 
of  the  Senate,  in  place  of  Levi  AVoodbury,  deceased.  Nomination  confirmed  and 
appointed  December  20,  1851.  Resigned. 

JAMES  A.  CAMPBELL,  of  Alabama.     Appointed  in  1853. 

NATHAN  CLIFFORD,  of  Maine.     Appointed  in  1858. 


APPENDIX.  73 


CLERKS  OF   THE   SUPREME  COURT  OF  THE  UNITED 

STATES. 

JOHN  TtvKER,  of  Massachusetts,  appointed  February  3,  1790.     Resigned. 
SAMUEL  BAYAKP.  of  JVhnvare.  a]>pointcd  August  1,  1791.     Resigned. 
KI.I  AS  15.  CAI.PWKI.L.  of  New  Jersey,  appointed  August  15,  1800.     Died. 
WILLIAM  (iiuFKiTH,  of  New  Jersey,  appointed  February  9, 182G.     Died. 
WILLIAM  T.  CARROLL,  District  of  Columbia,  appointed  January  20, 1827.   Pre 
sent  incumbent. 


REPORTERS  OF  DECISIONS  OF  THE  SUPREME  COURT. 

ALEXANDER  J.  DALLAS,  reported  from  1789  to  1800,  inclusive. 
"WILLIAM  CRANCH,  "  "     1801  to  1815,        " 

HK.NKY  "\VHEATO.V.  "     1816  to  lsi>7. 

Ru  ii.vui)  I'KTKKS.  JR.  "     1828  to  1842, 

BENJAMIN  C.  HOWARD,  "     1843.     Present  incumbent. 


MARSHALS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  ATTENDANT  ON 
THE  SUPREME  COURT. 

Under  the  construction  of  the  Judiciary  Act  of  1789,  the  Marshals  of  all  the 
Districts  were  required  to  attend  the  sessions  of  the  Supreme  Court,  until,  by  the 
act  of  June  9, 1794,  the  Marshal  of  the  district  alone  in  which  the  Court  shall  sit 
was  required  to  attend  its  sessions. 

DAVID  LENOX,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Pennsylvania,  attended  from  January 
28.  1794,  to  February,  1801. 

DANIEL  CARROLL  BRENT,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from 
August  3,  1801,  to  August.  1808. 

WASHINGTON  BOYD,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from  Febru 
ary  1,  1808,  to  August,  1818. 

TENCH  RINGGOLD,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from  Novem 
ber  30,  1818,  to  August,  1831. 

HENRY  ASHTON,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from  Febru 
ary  4,  1831,  to  February,  1834. 

ALEXANDER  HUNTER,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from 
March  6,  1834,  to  December,  1848. 

ROBERT  WALLACE,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from  De 
cember  5,  1848,  to  December,  1849. 

RICHARD  WALLACH,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from  De 
cember  4,  1849,  to  May,  1853. 

JONAH  D.  HOOVER,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from  May  31, 
1853,  to  April,  1858. 

WILLIAM  SEI.DEN.  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  attended  from  April  1, 
1858,  to  present  time. 


MINISTERS  TO  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 


LIST  OF  DIPLOMATIC  APPOINTMENTS 


BETWEEN  1789  AND  1858,  BOTH  INCLUSIVE. 


AN  asterisk  affixed  to  a  name  indicates  that  the  individual  has  been  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  and  that  further  information  concerning  him  may  be  found, 
under  the  proper  head,  in  the  body  of  the  work.  En.  Ex.  and  Min.  Plen.  sig 
nifies  Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary. 

(74) 


APPENDIX. 


75 


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APPENDIX. 


Remarks. 

Authorized,  jointly  with  William  Shaler 
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APPENDIX. 


87 


In  1852  appointed,  with  R.  C.  Schenck,  to 
negotiate  treaties  with  Uruguay  and 

Paraguay. 

In  1838  authorized  to  negotiate  with 
Ecuador. 

In  1797  appointed,  jointly  with  John 
Marshall  and  Francis  Dana,  and  sub 
sequently  Elbridge  Gerry,  to  negotiate 
with  France. 

Appointed,  jointly  with  James  Monroe, 
to  negotiate  with  Great  Britain. 

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APPENDIX. 


Remarks. 

Secretary  of  the  Mission  to  Panama. 

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Henry  Clay,  and  Albert  Gallatin,  to 
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APPENDIX. 


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THE  DECLARATION   OF  INDEPENDENCE. 


PROCEEDINGS  IN  THE  CONGRESS  OF  THE  UNITED  COLONIES 
RESPECTING  "A  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE,  BY  THE 
REPRESENTATIVES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA, 
IN  CONGRESS  ASSEMBLED." 


SATURDAY,  JUNE  8,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  resolutions  respecting  independency  be  referred  to  a  com 
mittee  of  the  whole  Congress. 

The  Congress  then  resolved  itself  into  a  committee  of  the  whole ;  and,  after 
some  time,  the  President  resumed  the  chair,  and  Mr.  Harrison  reported,  that  the 
committee  have  taken  into  consideration  the  matter  to  them  referred,  but  not 
having  come  to  any  resolution  thereon,  directed  him  to  move  for  leave  to  sit 
again  on  Monday. 

Resolved,  That  this  Congress  will,  on  Monday  next,  at  10  o'clock,  resolve 
itself  into  a  committee  of  the  whole,  to  take  into  further  consideration  the  reso 
lutions  referred  to  them. 


MONDAY,  JUNE  10,  1776. 

Agreeable  to  order,  the  Congress  resolved  itself  into  a  committee  of  the 
whole,  to  take  into  their  further  consideration  the  resolutions  to  them  referred ; 
and,  after  some  time  spent  thereon,  the  President  resumed  the  chair,  and 
Mr.  Harrison  reported,  that  the  committee  have  had  under  consideration  the 
matters  referred  to  them,  and  have  come  to  a  resolution  thereon,  which  they 
directed  him  to  report. 

The  resolution  agreed  to  in  committee  of  the  whole  being  read, — 
Resolved,  That  the  consideration  of  the  first  resolution  be  postponed  to  Mon 
day,  the  first  day  of  July  next;  and  in  the  meanwhile,  that  no  time  be  lost,  in 
case  the  Congress  agree  thereto,  that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  prepare  a 
declaration  to  the  efifect  of  the  said  first  resolution,  which  is  in  these  words : 
(93) 


94  APPENDIX. 

"That  these  United  Colonies  are,  and  of  right  ought  to  be,  free  and  independent 
States;  that  they  are  absolved  from  all  allegiance  to  the  British  crown;  and 
that  all  political  connection  between  them  and  the  State  of  Great  Britain  is,  and 
ought  to  be,  totally  dissolved." 


TUESDAY,  JUNE  11,  1776. 

Resolved,  That  the  committee  for  preparing  the  Declaration  consist  of  five  : 
The  members  chosen,  Mr.  Jefferson,  Mr.  John  Adams,  Mr.  Franklin,  Mr.  Sher 
man,  and  Mr.  E.  E.  Livingston. 


TUESDAY,  JUNE  25,  1776. 

A  declaration  of  the  Deputies  of  Pennsylvania,  met  in  Provincial  Conference, 
was  laid  before  Congress,  and  read,  expressing  their  willingness  to  concur  in  a 
vote  of  Congress,  declaring  the  United  Colonies  free  and  independent  States. 


FRIDAY,  JUNE  28,  1776. 

"Francis  Hopkinson,  one  of  the  Delegates  from  New  Jersey,  attended,  and 
produced  the  credentials  of  their  appointment,"  containing  the  following  instruc 
tions: — "If  you  shall  judge  it  necessary  or  expedient  for  this  purpose,  we  em 
power  you  to  join  in  declaring  the  United  Colonies  independent  of  Great  Britain, 
entering  into  a  confederation  for  union  and  common  defence,"  &c. 


MONDAY,  JULY  1,  1776. 

"A  resolution  of  the  Convention  of  Maryland,  passed  the  28th  of  June,  was 
laid  before  Congress  and  read,"  containing  the  following  instructions  to  their 
deputies  in  Congress : — "That  the  deputies  of  said  Colony,  or  any  three  or  more 
of  them,  be  authorized  and  empowered  to  concur  with  the  other  United  Colo 
nies,  or  a  majority  of  them,  in  declaring  the  United  Colonies  free  and  independent 
States ;  in  forming  such  further  compact  and  confederation  between  them,"  &c. 

The  order  of  the  day  being  read, — 

Resolved,  That  this  Congress  will  resolve  itself  into  a  committee  of  the  whole, 
to  take  into  consideration  the  resolution  respecting  independency. 

That  the  Declaration  be  referred  to  said  committee. 

The  Congress  resolved  itself  into  a  committee  of  the  whole.  After  some  time 
the  President  resumed  the  chair,  and  Mr.  Harrison  reported,  that  the  committee 
had  come  to  a  resolution,  which  they  desired  him  to  report,  and  to  move  for  leave 
to  sit  again. 

The  resolution  agreed  to  by  the  committee  of  the  whole  being  read,  the  deter 
mination  thereof  was,  at  the  request  of  a  Colony,  postponed  until  to-morrow. 

Resolved,  That  this  Congress  will,  to-morrow,  resolve  itself  into  a  committee 
of  the  whole,  to  take  into  consideration  the  Declaration  respecting  independence. 


APPENDIX.  95 


TUESDAY,  JULY  2,  1776. 

The  Congress  resumed  the  consideration  of  the  resolution  reported  from  the 
committee  of  the  whole,  which  was  agreed  to  as  follows : — 

RKSOLVKD,  That  these  United  Colonies  are,  and,  of  right,  ought  to  be,  Free 
and  Independent  States;  that  they  are  absolved  from  all  allegiance,  to  the 
British  croivn,  and  that  all  political  connection  betu'cm  them  and  the  State  of 
Great  Britain,  is,  and  ought  to  be,  totally  dissolved. 

Agreeable  to  the  order  of  the  day,  the  Congress  resolved  itself  into  a  com 
mittee  of  the  whole  ;  and,  after  some  time,  the  President  resumed  the  chair,  and 
Mr.  Harrison  reported,  that  the  committee  have  had  under  consideration  the 
Declaration  to  thorn  referred ;  but,  not  having  had  time  to  go  through  the  same, 
desired  him  to  move  for  leave  to  sit  again. 

Resolved,  That  this  Congress  will,  to-morrow,  again  resolve  itself  into  a  com 
mittee  of  the  whole,  to  take  into  their  further  consideration  the  Declaration 
respecting  independence. 

WEDNESDAY,  JULY  3,  1776. 

Agreeable  to  the  order  of  the  day,  the  Congress  resolved  itself  into  a  com 
mittee  of  the  whole,  to  take  into  their  further  consideration  the  Declaration; 
and,  after  some  time,  the  President  resumed  the  chair,  and  Mr.  Harrison  reported, 
that  the  committee,  not  having  yet  gone  through  it,  desired  leave  to  sit  again. 

Resolved,  That  this  Congress  will,  to-morrow,  again  resolve  itself  into  a  com 
mittee  of  the  whole,  to  take  into  their  further  consideration  the  Declaration  of 
Independence. 

THURSDAY,  JULY  4,  1776. 

Agreeable  to  the  order  of  the  day,  the  Congress  resolved  itself  into  a  com 
mittee  of  the  whole,  to  take  into  their  further  consideration  the  Declaration ;  and, 
after  some  time,  the  President  resumed  the  chair,  and  Mr.  Harrison  reported, 
that  the  committee  had  agreed  to  a  declaration,  which  they  desired  him  to  report. 

The  Declaration  being  read,  was  agreed  to  as  follows : — 


A  DECLARATION  BY  THE  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  THE  UNITED 
STATES  OF  AMERICA,  IN  CONGRESS  ASSEMBLED. 

When,  in  the  course  of  human  events,  it  becomes  necessary  for  one  people  to 
dissolve  the  political  bands  which  have  connected  them  with  another,  and  to 
assume,  among  the  powers  of  the  earth,  the  separate  and  equal  station  to  which 
the  laws  of  nature  and  of  nature's  God  entitle  them,  a  decent  respect  to  the 
opinions  of  mankind  requires  that  they  should  declare  the  causes  which  impel 
them  to  the  separation. 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident,  that  all  men  are  created  equal ;  that 
they  are  endowed  by  their  Creator  with  certain  unalienable  rights ;  that  among 


96  APPENDIX. 

these,  are  life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness.  That,  to  secure  these  rights, 
governments  are  instituted  among  men,  deriving  their  just  powers  from  the  con 
sent  of  the  governed  ;  that,  whenever  any  form  of  government  becomes  destruc 
tive  of  these  ends,  it  is  the  right  of  the  people  to  alter  or  to  abolish  it,  and  to 
institute  a  new  government,  laying  its  foundation  on  such  principles,  and  organ 
izing  its  powers  in  such  form,  as  to  them  shall  seem  most  likely  to  effect  their 
safety  and  happiness.  Prudence,  indeed,  will  dictate  that  governments  long 
established,  should  not  be  changed  for  light  and  transient  causes  ;  and,  accord 
ingly,  all  experience  hath  shown,  that  mankind  are  more  disposed  to  suffer,  while 
evils  are  sufferable,  than  to  right  themselves  by  abolishing  the  forms  to  which 
they  are  accustomed.  But,  when  a  long  train  of  abuses  and  usurpations,  pursu 
ing  invariably  the  same  object,  evinces  a  design  to  reduce  them  under  absolute 
despotism,  it  is  their  right,  it  is  their  duty,  to  throw  off  such  government,  and 
to  provide  new  guards  for  their  future  security.  Such  has  been  the  patient  suf 
ferance  of  these  Colonies,  and  such  is  now  the  necessity  which  constrains  them 
to  alter  their  former  systems  of  government.  The  history  of  the  present  king 
of  Great  Britain  is  a  history  of  repeated  injuries  and  usurpations,  all  having,  in 
direct  object,  the  establishment  of  an  absolute  tyranny  over  these  States.  To 
prove  this,  let  facts  be  submitted  to  a  candid  world  : — • 

He  has  refused  his  assent  to  laws  the  most  wholesome  and  necessary  for  the 
public  good. 

He  has  forbidden  his  Governors  to  pass  laws  of  immediate  and  pressing  im 
portance,  unless  suspended  in  their  operation  till  his  assent  should  be  obtained ; 
and,  when  so  suspended,  he  has  utterly  neglected  to  attend  to  them. 

He  has  refused  to  pass  other  laws  for  the  accommodation  of  large  districts  of 
people,  unless  those  people  would  relinquish  the  right  of  representation  in  the 
legislature ;  a  right  inestimable  to  them,  and  formidable  to  tyrants  only. 

He  has  called  together  legislative  bodies  at  places  unusual,  uncomfortable,  and 
distant  from  the  depository  of  their  public  records,  for  the  sole  purpose  of  fa 
tiguing  them  into  compliance  with  his  measures. 

He  has  dissolved  representative  houses  repeatedly,  for  opposing,  with  manly 
firmness,  his  invasions  on  the  rights  of  the  people. 

He  has  refused,  for  a  long  time  after  such  dissolutions,  to  cause  others  to  be 
elected ;  whereby  the  legislative  powers,  incapable  of  annihilation,  have  returned 
to  the  people  at  large  for  their  exercise ;  the  State  remaining,  in  the  mean  time, 
exposed  to  all  the  danger  of  invasion  from  without,  and  convulsions  within. 

He  has  endeavored  to  prevent  the  population  of  these  States :  for  that  pur 
pose,  obstructing  the  laws  for  naturalization  of  foreigners ;  refusing  to  pass 
others  to  encourage  their  migration  hither,  and  raising  the  conditions  of  new 
appropriations  of  lands. 

He  has  obstructed  the  administration  of  justice,  by  refusing  his  assent  to  laws 
for  establishing  judiciary  powers. 

He  has  made  judges  dependent  on  his  will  alone,  for  the  tenure  of  their  offices, 
and  the  amount  and  payment  of  their  salaries. 

He  has  erected  a  multitude  of  new  offices,  and  sent  hither  swarms  of  officers 
to  harass  our  people  and  eat  out  their  substance. 


APPENDIX.  97 

lie  has  kept  among  us,  iu  times  of  peace,  standing  armies,  without  the  con 
sent  of  our  legislature. 

lie  has  affected  to  render  the  military  independent  of,  and  superior  to,  the 
civil  power. 

He  has  combined,  with  others,  to  subject  us  to  a  jurisdiction  foreign  to  our 
constitution,  and  unacknowledged  by  our  laws ;  giving  his  assent  to  their  acts  of 
pretended  legislation : 

For  quartering  large  bodies  of  armed  troops  among  us  : 

For  protecting  them,  by  a  mock  trial,  from  punishment,  for  any  murders  which 
they  should  commit  on  the  inhabitants  of  these  States  : 

For  cutting  off  our  trade  with  all  parts  of  the  world  : 

For  imposing  taxes  on  us  without  our  consent : 

For  depriving  us,  in  many  cases,  of  the  benefits  of  trial  by  jury: 

For  transporting  us  beyond  seas  to  be  tried  for  pretended  offences  : 

For  abolishing  the  free  system  of  English  laws  in  a  neighboring  province, 
establishing  therein  an  arbitrary  government,  and  enlarging  its  boundaries,  so  as 
to  render  it  at  once  an  example  and  fit  instrument  for  introducing  the  same 
absolute  rule  into  these  colonies  : 

For  taking  away  our  charters,  abolishing  our  most  valuable  laws,  and  altering, 
fundamentally,  the  powers  of  our  governments  : 

For  suspending  our  own  legislatures,  and  declaring  themselves  invested  with 
power  to  legislate  for  us  in  all  cases  whatsoever. 

He  has  abdicated  government  here,  by  declaring  us  out  of  his  protection,  and 
waging  war  against  us. 

He  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our  coasts,  burnt  our  towns,  and  destroyed 
the  lives  of  our  people. 

He  is,  at  this  time,  transporting  large  armies  of  foreign  mercenaries  to  com 
plete  the  works  of  death,  desolation,  and  tyranny,  already  begun,  with  circum 
stances  of  cruelty  and  perfidy  scarcely  paralleled  in  the  most  barbarous  ages, 
and  totally  unworthy  the  head  of  a  civilized  nation. 

,He  has  constrained  our  fellow-citizens,  taken  captive  on  the  high  seas,  to  bear 
arms  against  their  country,  to  become  the  executioners  of  their  friends  and 
brethren,  or  to  fall  themselves  by  their  hands. 

He  has  excited  domestic  insurrections  among  us,  and  has  endeavored  to 
bring  on  the  inhabitants  of  our  frontiers,  the  merciless  Indian  savages,  whose 
known  rule  of  warfare  is  an  undistinguished  destruction,  of  all  ages,  sexes,  and 
conditions. 

In  every  stage  of  these  oppressions,  we  have  petitioned  for  redress,  in  the  most 
humble  terms ;  our  repeated  petitions  have  been  answered  only  by  repeated 
injury.  A  prince,  whose  character  is  thus  marked  by  every  act  which  may  define 
a  tyrant,  is  unfit  to  be  the  ruler  of  a  free  people. 

Nor  have  we  been  wanting  iu  attention  to  our  British  brethren.  We  have 
warned  them,  from  time  to  time,  of  attempts  made  by  their  legislature  to  extend 
an  unwarrantable  jurisdiction  over  us.  We  fyave  reminded  them  of  the  circum 
stances  of  our  emigration  and  settlement  here.  We  have  appealed  to  their 
native  justice  and  magnanimity,  and  we  have  conjured  them,  by  the  ties  of  our 
common  kindred,  to  disavow  these  usurpations,  which  would  inevitably  interrupt 

7* 


98 


APPENDIX. 


our  connections  and  correspondence.  They,  too,  have  been  deaf  to  the  voice  of 
justice  and  consanguinity.  We  must,  therefore,  acquiesce  in  the  necessity  which 
denounces  our  separation,  and  hold  them,  as  we  hold  the  rest  of  mankind,  ene 
mies  in  war,  in  peace,  friends. 

We,  therefore,  the  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America,  in  General 
Congress  assembled,  appealing  to  the  Supreme  Judge  of  the  world  for  the  rec 
titude  of  our  intentions,  do,  in  the  name,  and  by  the  authority  of  the  good  people 
of  these  Colonies,  solemnly  publish  and  declare,  That  these  United  Colonies 
are,  and,  of  right,  ought  to  be,  free  and  independent  States  ;  that  they  are  ab 
solved  from  all  allegiance  to  the  British  crown,  and  that  all  political  connection 
between  them  and  the  State  of  Great  Britain,  is,  and  ought  to  be,  totally  dis 
solved  ;  and  that,  as  free  and  independent  States,  they  have  full  power  to  levy 
war,  conclude  peace,  contract  alliances,  establish  commerce,  and  to  do  all  other 
acts  and  things  which  independent  States  may  of  right  do.  And,  for  the  support 
of  this  declaration,  with  a  firm  reliance  on  the  protection  of  Divine  Providence, 
we  mutually  pledge  to  each  other,  our  lives,  our  fortunes,  and  our  sacred  honor. 

The  foregoing  Declaration  was,  by  order  of  Congress,  engrossed,  and  signed 
by  the  following  members  : — 

JOHN  HANCOCK. 


Josiah  Bartlett, 

Samuel  Adams, 
John  Adams, 

Stephen  Hopkins, 


Roger  Sherman, 
Samuel  Huntington, 

William  Floyd, 
Philip  Livingston, 

Richard  Stockton, 
John  Witherspoon, 


Robert  Morris, 
Benjamin  Rush, 
Benjamin  Franklin, 


Caesar  Rodney, 


New  Hampshire. 
William  Whipple, 

Massachusetts  Bay. 
Robert  Treat  Paine, 

Rhode  Island. 
William  Ellery. 

Connecticut. 
William  Williams, 


New  York. 
Francis  Lewis, 

New  Jersey. 
Francis  Hopkinson, 
John  Hart, 

Pennsylvania. 
John  Morton, 
George  Clymer, 
James  Smith, 

Delaware. 
George  Read, 


Elbridge  Gerry. 


Oliver  Wolcott. 


Lewis  Morris. 


Abraham  Clark. 


George  Taylor, 
James  Wilson, 
George  Ross. 


Thomas  McKean. 


APPENDIX. 


Maryland. 

Samuel  Chase,  William  Paca, 

Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrollton. 


Thomas  Stone, 


George  Wythe, 
Richard  Henry  Lee, 
Thomas  Jefferson, 


William  Hooper, 


Virginia. 

Benjamin  Harrison,        Francis  Lightfoot  Lee, 
Thomas  Nelson,  Jr.,       Carter  Braxton. 


North  Carolina. 
Joseph  Ilewes, 


Button  Gwinnett, 


Georgia. 
Lyman  Hall, 


John  Penn. 


South  Carolina. 

Edward  Rutledge,  Thomas  Lynch,  Jr.,  Arthur  Middleton. 

Thomas  Heyward,  Jr., 


George  Walton. 


Resolved,  That  copies  of  the  Declaration  be  sent  to  the  several  assemblies, 
conventions,  and  committees,  or  councils  of  safety,  and  to  the  several  command 
ing  officers  of  the  continental  troops ;  that  it  be  proclaimed  in  each  of  the  United 
States,  and  at  the  head  of  the  army. 


100 


APPENDIX. 


SIGNERS  OF  THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE, 

IN  CONGRESS  ASSEMBLED,  JULY  4,  1776. 

The  following  List  of  Members  of  the  Continental  Congress,  who  signed  the  Decla 
ration  of  Independence,  (although  the  names  are  included  in  the  general  list  of 
that  Congress,  from  1774  to  1788,)  is  given  separately,  for  the  purpose  of  showing 
the  places  and  dates  of  their  birth,  and  the  time  of  their  respective  deaths,  for 
convenient  reference : — 


NAMES   OP   THE   SIGNERS. 

BORN  AT 

DELEGATED  FROM 

DIED 

Braintree,  Mass.,          Oct.  19,  1735 
Boston,          "            Sept.  27,  1722 
Amesbury,    "               in  Nov.  1729 
Newington,  Va.,          Sept.  10,  1736 
Annapolis,  Md.,          Sept.  20,  1737 
Somerset  Co.,  Md.,     April  17,  1741 
Elizabethtown,  N.  J.   Feb.  15,  1720 
Philadelphia,  Peuna.,         in     1739 
Newport,  R.I..              Dec.  22,  1727 

Massachusetts.... 
Massachusetts  .... 
New  Hampshire.. 

July  4,         1826 
October  2,    1803 
May  19,        1795 
October  10,  1797 
Novem.  14,  1832 
June  19,      1811 
September,  1794 
January  23,  1813 
Feb'y  15,      1820 
August  4,     1S21 
April  17,      1790 
Novem.  23,  1814 
May  27,       1777 
February,    1790 
Octobers,    1793 
April,           1791 
,            1780 
March,         1809 
Novem.  10,  1779 
October,       1790 
July  13,       1785 
May  9,          1790 
January  5,  1796 
July  4,         1826 
April,           1797 
June  19,       1794 
Decem.  30,   1803 
June  12,       1778 
Lost  at  sea.  1779 
June  24,       1817 

Bartlett,  Josiah  

Carroll,  Charles,  of  Carrollton... 
Chase,  Samuel  
Clark,  Abraham  

Maryland  
New  Jersey  
Pennsylvania  
R.I.andProv.Pl. 
New  York  

Ellcrv,  William  

Floyd  William                     

Suffolk  Co.,  N.  Y.,        Dec.  17,  1734 
Boston,  Mass.,              Jan.  17,  1706 
Marblehead,  Mass.,     July  17,  1744 
England,                             in    1732 

Franklin,  Benjamin  

Pennsylvania  
Massachusetts.... 
Georgia  

Braintree,  Mass.,                in    1737 
Berkeley,  Va., 
Hopewell,  N.  J.,              about  1715 
St.  Luke's,  S.  C.,                  in    174H 
Kingston,  N.J.,                   in     1730 
Boston,  Mass.,            June  17,  1742 
Scituate,   "                 March  7,  1707 
Philadelphia,  Penna.,         in    1737 
Windham.  Conn.,          July  3,  1732 
Shadwell,  Va.,            April  13,  1743 
Stratford,   "                  Oct.  14,  1734 
Stratford,  "                 Jan.  20,  1732 
Landaff,  Wales,        in  March,  1713 
Albany,  N.  Y.,              Jan.  15,  1716 
St.  George's,  S.  C.,         Aug.  5,  1749 
Chester  Co.,  Pa.,      March  19,  1734 
Middleton  Place,  S.  C.,       in     1743 
Morrisania,  N.Y.,              in    1726 
Lancashire,  Eng.,          Jan.  1733-4 
Ridley,  Penna.,                   in    1724 
York,  Va.,                    Dec.  26,  17  3S 
Wye-Hill,  Md.,             Oct.  31,  1740 
Boston,  Mass.,                     in    1731 
Caroline  Co.,  Va.,        May  17,  1741 
Cecil  Co.,  Md.,                     in    1734 
Dover,  Del.,                         in    1730 
New  Castle,  Del.,                in    1730 
Byberry,  Penna.,         Dec.  24,  1745 
Charleston,  S.C.,          in  Nov.  1749 
Newton,  Mass.,           April  19,  1721 

Massachusetts.... 
Virginia  

New  Jersey  
South  Carolina... 
North  Carolina... 
North  Carolina... 
R.I.andProv.Pl. 
New  Jersey  

Connecticut  

Virginia  

Virginia  

Virginia  

Lewis,  Francis  

New  York  
New  York  

South  Carolina... 
Delaware  

South  Carolina... 
New  York  

January  1,  1787 
January  22,  1798 
May  8,          1S06 
April,           1777 
January  4,  1789 
,             1799 
May  11,       1804 
October  26,  1809 
,             179S 
,             1783 
July,            1779 
April  19,      1813 
January  23,  1800 
July  23,       1793 
July  11,        1806 
Feb'y  28,     1781 
October  5,    1787 
Feb'y  23,      1781 
June  24,       1803 
Feb'y  2.       1805 
Novem.  28,  1785 
August  2,     1811 
August  28,  1798 
Novem.  15,  1794 
December  1.1797 
June  8,         1806 

Pennsylvania  
Pennsylvania  
Virginia  

Maryland  

Massachusetts.... 
North  Carolina... 
Delaware  

Penn,  John  

Delaware  

Ross,  George  

Pennsylvania  
Pennsylvania  
South  Carolina... 
Connecticut  
Pennsylvania  
New  Jersey  
Maryland  

Rush.  Benjamin.  M.D  
Rutledge,  Edward  

Sherman,  Roger  

Stockton,  Richard  

Princeton,  N.  J.,             Oct.  1,  1730 
Charles  Co.,  Md.,                in    1742 

Pennsylvania  
New  Hampshire.. 
Georgia  

Frederick  Co.,  Va.,             in    1740 
Kittery,  Maine,                   in    1730 
Lebanon,  Conn.,           April  8,  1731 
Scotland,                         about  1742 
Yester,  Scotland,           Feb.  5,  1722 
Windsor,  Conn.,          Nov.  26,  1726 
Elizabeth  City  Co.,  Va.,            1726 

Whipple,  William  

New  Hampshire.. 
Connecticut  
Pennsylvania  
New  Jersey  
Connecticut  
Virginia  

Williams,  William  

Wilson,  James  

Witherspoon,  John  

Wolcott,  Oliver  
Wy  the,  George 

APPENDIX. 


101 


MEMBERS  OF  THE   CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS, 
FROM   1774   TO   1788. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Bartlett,  Josiah  

most 
1775, 
1783, 
1774, 
1777, 
1779, 
1783, 
1777, 
1782, 
1786, 
1775, 
1786, 
1779, 
1780, 
1785, 
1784, 
1779, 
1774, 
1780, 
1776, 
1778, 
1776, 
1782, 
1787, 

1774, 

1774, 
1774, 
1776, 
1784, 
1785, 
1776, 
1782, 

TO 

'79 
'84 
'75 
'78 
'80 
'85 
'79 
'83 
'88 
'77 
'87 
'80 
'83 
'86 
'86 

'80 
,_, 
76 

'81 
'78 
'79 
'79 
'83 
'88 

'78 
'82 
'76 
'78 
'84 
'88 
'81 
'85 

Gorham,  Nathaniel  

FROM 

.  1782, 

TO 

'83 
(87 

'80 
'86 
'83 
'80 
'83 
'85 
'87 
'82 
'87 
'82 
'83 
'84 
'88 
'78 
'82 
'85 
'88 
'82 
'88 
'81 

'84 
'88 
'83 
'83 
'80 
'85 
'88 
'77 

'85 

1785 

Blanchard,  Jonathan  

Hancock,  John  

.  1775, 

Folsom    Nathaniel                 ... 

ii             ii 

.  1785, 

i<               « 

Higginson,  Stephen  

.  1782, 

«               ii 

Holten,  Samuel  

1778, 
.  1782, 

Foster,  Abicl  

ii             ii 

Frost,  George  

ii             <i 

1784, 
.  1786, 

Oilman  John  Taylor  

ii             ii 

Oilman,  Nicholas  

Jackson,  Jonathan  

.  1782, 

Langdon,  John  

King,  Rufus  

.  1784 

Lovell,  James  

.  1776 

Langdon,  Woodbury  

Lowell,  John  

1782, 
.  1780, 

Livermore,  Samuel  

Osgood,  Samuel  

it                ii 

Otis,  Samuel  A  

.  1787, 

Long,  Pierce  

Paine,  Robert  Treat  

1774, 
.  1779, 

Peabody,  Nathaniel  

Partridge  George  

Sullivan,  John  

1783, 
1785, 
1782, 
.  1787, 

Sedgwick,  Theodore  

Thornton,  Matthew  

Sullivan,  James  

Wentworth,  John,  Jr  

Thacher,  George  

Whipple,  William  

Ward,  Artemas  

.  1780, 

White,  Phillips  

RHODE  ISLAND. 
Arnold,  Jonathan  

1782, 
1787, 
1778, 
1780, 
1776, 
1783, 
1787, 
1774, 
1778, 
.  1782. 

Wingate,  Paine  

MASSACHUSETTS. 
Adams,  John  

Arnold,  Peleg  

Collins,  John  

Adams,  Samuel  

Cornell,  Ezekiel  

Gushing,  Thomas  

Ellery,  William  

Dana,  Francis  

<i             ii 

Hazard,  Jonathan  

Pane,  Nathan  

Hopkins,  Stephen  

Gerry,  Elbridge  

Howell.  David... 

102 


APPENDIX. 


FROM  TO 

Manning, 1785,  '86 

Mai-chant,  Henry 1777,  '80 

«     1783,  '84 

Miller,  Nathan 1785,  '86 

Mowry, 1781,  '81 

Varnum,  James  M 1780,  '82 

1786,  '87 

Ward,  Samuel 1774,  '76 

CONNECTICUT. 

Adams,  Andrew 1777,  '80 

"       1781,  '82 

Cook,  Joseph? 1784,  '88 

Deane,  Silas 1774,  '76 

Dyer,  Eliphalet 1774,  '79 

1780,  '83 

Edwards,  Pierpont 1787,  '88 

Ellsworth,  Oliver 1777,  '84 

Hillhouse,  William 1783,  '86 

Hosmer,  Titus 1775,  '76 

«    1777,  '79 

Huntington,  Benjamin 1780,  '84 

«  «        1787,  '88 

Huntington,  Samuel 1776,  '84 

Johnson,  William  S 1784,  '87 

Law,  Richard 1777,  '78 

»       1781,  '84 

Mitchell,  Stephen  M 1783,  '84 

1785,  '86 

1787,  '88 

Root,  Jesse 1778,  '83 

Sherman,  Roger 1774,  '84 

Spencer,  Joseph  1778,  '79 

Strong,  Jedediah 1782,  '84 

Sturges,  Jonathan 1785,  '87 

Treadwell,  John 1785,  '86 

Trumbull,  Joseph 1774,  '75 

Wadsworth,  James 1783,  '84 

"  "     1785,  '86 

Wadsworth,  Jeremiah 1787,  '88 

Williams,  William 1776,  '78 

"       1783,  '84 

Wolcott,  Oliver 1775,  '78 

««     1780,  '84 

NEW  YORK. 

Alsop,  John 1774,  '76 

Benson,  Egbert 1784,  '85 

"  "      1786,  '88 


Boerum,  Simon 1774,  '77 

Clinton,  George 1775,  '77 

De  Witt,  Charles 1783,  '85 

Duane,  James 1774,  '84 

Duer,  William 1777,  '78 

Floyd,  William 1774,  '77 

"  1778,  '83 

Gansevoort,  Leonard 1787,  '88 

Hamilton,  Alexander 1782,  '83 

1787,  '88 

Haring,  John 1774,  '75 

"  1785,  '88 

Jay,  John 1774,  '77 

"  1778,  '79 

Lansing,  John 1784,  '88 

Lawrance,  John 1785,  '87 

Lewis,  Francis 1777,  '79 

Livingston,  Philip 1774,  '78 

Livingston,  Robert  R 1775,  '77 

"  1779,  '81 

Livingston,  Walter 1784,  '85 

Low,  Isaac 1774,  '75 

L'Hommedieu,  Ezra 1779,  '83 

"  "  1787,  '88 

Morris,  Gouverneur 1777,  '80 

Morris,  Lewis 1775,  '77 

McDougall,  Alexander 1781,  '82 

1784,  '85 

Paine,  Ephraim 1784,  '85 

Platt,  Zephaniah 1784,  '86 

Schuyler,  Philip 1775,  '75 

"  1778,  '81 

Scott,  John  Morin 1780,  '83 

Smith,  Melancthon 1785,  '88 

Wisner,  Henry 1774,  '76 

Yates,  Abraham,  Jr 1787,  '88 

Yates,  Peter  W 1785,  '87 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Beatty,  John.... 1783,  '85 

Boudinct,  Elias 1777,  '78 

"             "    1781,  '84 

Burnett,  W 1780,  '81 

Cadwallader,  Lambert 1784,  '87 

Clark,  Abraham 1776,  '82 

"        1787,  '88 

Condict,  Silas 1781,  '84 

Cooper,  John 1776,  '76 

Crane,  Stephen 1774,  '76 


APPENDIX. 


103 


Dayton,  Elias 1787, 

De  Hart,  John 1774, 

Dick,  Samuel 1783, 

Elmer,  Jonathan 1776, 

1781, 

1787, 

Fell,  John 1778, 

Frelinghuysen,  Frederick 1778, 

1782, 

Henderson,  Thomas 1779, 

Hopkinson,  Francis 1776, 

Horublower,  Josiah 1785, 

Houston,  William  C 1779, 

1784, 

Kinsey,  James 1774, 

Livingston,  William 1774, 

Neilson,  John 1778, 

Scheurman,  J 1786, 

Scudder,  Nathaniel 1777, 

Sergeant,  Jonathan  D 1776, 

Smith,  Richard 1774, 

Stewart, 1784, 

Stockton,  Richard 1776, 

Symmes,  John  C 1785, 

Witherspoon,  John 1776, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Allen,  Andrew 1775, 

Armstrong,  John 1778, 

"  1787, 

Atlee,  Samuel 1778, 

Bayard,  John 1785, 

Diddle,  Edward 1774, 

"  1778, 

Bingham,  William 1787, 

Clarkson,  Matthew 1785, 

Clingan,  William 1777, 

Clymer,  George 1776, 

»  1780, 

Dickinson,  John 1774, 

Fitzsimmons,  Thomas 1782, 

Franklin,  Benjamin 1775, 

Galloway,  Joseph 1774, 

Gardner,  Joseph 1784, 

Hand, 1784, 

Henry,  William 1784, 

Humphreys,  Charles 1774, 

Ingersoll,  Jared 1780, 

Irwine, 1786, 


'88 
'76 
'84 
'78 
'84 
'88 
'80 
'79 
'83 
'80 
'77 
'86 
'82 
'85 
'75 
'76 
'79 
'87 
'79 
'77 
'76 
'85 
'77 
'86 
'83 


'76 
'80 
'88 
'82 
'87 
'76 
'79 


'79 
'78 
'83 
'76 
'83 
'76 
'75 
'85 
'85 
'86 
'76 
'81 
'88 


Jackson,  David 1785,  '86 

Matlack,  Timothy 1780,  '81 

McClene,  James 1778,  '80 

Meredith, 1787,  '88 

Mifflin,  Thomas 1774,  '76 

"      1782,  '84 

Morris,  Charles 1783,  '84 

Morris,  Robert 1776,  '78 

Montgomery,  John 1780,  '84 

Morton,  John 1774,  '77 

Muhlcnberg,  Frederick  A 1778,  '80 

Peters.  Richard 1782,  '83 

Pettit,  Charles 1785,  '87 

Read, 1787,  '88 

Reed,  Joseph 1777,  '78 

Rhodes,  Samuel 1774,  '75 

Roberdeau,  Daniel 1777,  '79 

Ross,  George 1774,  '77 

Rush,  Benjamin 177t!,  '77 

Searle,  James 1778,  '80 

Shippcn,  William 1778,  '80 

Smith,  James 1776,  '78 

Smith,  Jonathan  B 1777,  '78 

Smith,  Thomas 1780,  '82 

St.  Clair,  Arthur 1785,  '87 

Taylor,  George 177G,  '77 

Willing,  Thomas 1775,  '76 

Wilson,  James 1775,  '78 

"     1782,  '83 

"     1785,  '87 

Wynkoop,  Henry 1779,  '83 

DELAWARE. 

Bedford,  Gunning 1783,  '85 

"  "        1786,  '87 

Bedford,  Gunning,  Jr 1785,  '86 

Dickinson,  John 1776,  '77 

"    1779,  '80 

Dickinson,  Philemon 1782,  '83 

Evans,  John 1776,  '77 

Kearney,  Dyre 1786,  '88 

McComb,  Eleazer 1782,  '84 

Mitchell,  Nathaniel 1786,  '88 

McKean,  Thomas 1774,  '76 

"       1778,  '83 

Patton,  John 1785,  '86 

Peery,  William 1785,  '86 

Read,  George 1774,  '77 

Rodney,  Caesar. 1774,  '76 


104 


APPENDIX. 


Rodney,  Caesar 1777,  '78 

»     1783,  '84 

Rodney,  Thomas 1781,  '83 

«      1785,  '87 

Sykes,  James 1777,  '78 

Tilton,  James 1783,  '85 

Van  Dyke,  Nicholas 1777,  '82 

Vining,  John 1784,  '86 

Wharton,  Samuel 1782,  '83 

MARYLAND. 

Alexander,  Robert 1775,  '77 

Carmichael,  William 1778,  '80 

Carroll,  Charles 1776,  '78 

Carroll,  Daniel 1780,  '84 

Chase,  Jeremiah  T 1783,  '84 

Chase,  Samuel 1774,  '78 

"      1784,  '85 

Contee,  Benjamin 1787,  '88 

Forbes,  James 1778,  '80 

Forrest,  Uriah 1786,  '87 

Goldsborough,  Robert 1774,  '75 

Hall,  John 1775,  '76 

«    1783,  '84 

Hanson,  John 1781,  '83 

Harrison,  William 1785,  '87 

Hemsley,  William 1782,  '84 

Henry,  John 1778,  '81 

«    1784,  '87 

Hindman,  William 1784,  '87 

Howard,  John  E 1787,  '88 

Jenifer,  D.,  of  St.  Thomas....  1778,  '82 

Johnson,  Thomas 1775,  '77 

Lee,  Thomas  Sim 1783,  '84 

Lloyd,  Edward 1783,  '84 

Martin,  Luther 1784,  '85 

McHenry,  James 1783,  '86 

Paca,  William 1774,  '79 

Plater,  George 1778,  '81 

Potts,  Richard 1781,  '82 

Ramsay,  Nathaniel 1785,  '87 

Riclgely,  Richard 1785,  '86 

Rogers,  John 1775,  '76 

Ross,  David 1786,  '87 

Rumsey,  Benjamin 1776,  '78 

Scott,  Gustavus 1784,  '85 

Seney,  Joshua 1787,  '88 

Smith,  William 1777,  '78 

Stone,  Thomas 1775,  '79 


FROM  TO 

Stone,  Thomas 1784,  '85 

Tilghman,  Matthew 1774,  '77 

Wright,  Turbett 1781,  '82 

VIRGINIA. 

Adams,  Thomas 1778,  '80 

Banister,  John 1778,  '79 

Bland,  Richard 1774,  '76 

Bland,  Theodorick 1780,  '83 

Braxton,  Carter 1776,  '76 

Brown,  John 1787,  '88 

Carrington,  Edward 1785,  '86 

Fitzhugh, 1779,  '80 

Fleming,  William 1779,  '81 

Grayson,  William 1784,  '87 

Griffin,  Cyrus '. 1778,  '81 

"    1787,  '88 

Hardy,  Samuel 1783,  '85 

Harrison,  Benjamin 1774,  '78 

Harvie,  John 1778,  '79 

Henry,  James 1780,  '81 

Henry,  Patrick 1774,  '76 

Jefferson,  Thomas 1775,  '77 

"      1783,  '85 

Jones,  Joseph 1777,  '78 

"      1780,  '83 

Lee,  Arthur 1781,  '84 

Lee,  Francis  Lightfoot 1775,  '80 

Lee,  Henry 1785,  '88 

Lee,  Richard  Henry 1774,  '80 

"  "  1784,  '87 

Madison,  James,  Jr 1780,  '83 

1786,  '88 

Mercer,  James 1779,  '80 

Mercer,  John  F 1782,  '85 

Monroe,  James 1783,  '86 

Nelson,  Thomas 1775,  '77 

"      1779,  '80 

Page,  Mann 1777,  '77 

Pendleton,  Edmund 1774,  '75 

Randolph,  Edmund 1779,  '82 

Randolph,  Peyton 1774,  '75 

Smith,  Merewether 1778,  '82 

Washington,  George 1774,  '75 

Wythe,  George 1775,  '77 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Ashe,  John  B.. 1787,  '88 

Bloodworth,  Timothy 1786,  '87 


APPENDIX. 


105 


Ittount,  William 1782,  '83 

««  "       1780,  '87 

Burke,  Thomas 1777,  '81 

Burton,  Robert 1787,  '88 

Caswell,  Richard 1774,  '76 

Gumming,  William 1784,  '84 

Harnett,  Cornelius 1777,  '80 

Hawkins,  Benjamin 1781,  '84 

1786,  '87 

Hcwes.Joseph 1774,  '77 

"      1779,  '80 

Hill,  Whitmill 1778,  '81 

Hooper,  William 1774,  '77 

Johnston,  Samuel 1780,  "82 

Jones,  Allen 1779,  '80 

Jones,  Willie 1780,  '81 

Nash,  Abner 1782,  '84 

"     1785,  '86 

Penn,  John 1775,  '76 

"  1777,  '80 

Sitgreaves,  John 1784,  '85 

Sharpe,  William 1779,  '82 

Spaight,  Richard  D 1783,  '85 

Swan,  John 1787,  '88 

Williams,  John 177*, 

Williamson,  Hugh 1782, 

••     1787,  '88 

White,  Alexander 1786,  '88 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Bee,  Thomas 1780,  '82 

Beresford,  Richard 1783,  '85 

Bull,  John 1784,  '87 

Butler,  Pierce 1787,  '88 

Drayton,  William  Henry 1778,  '79 

Eveleigh,  Nicholas 1781,  '82 

Gadsden,  Christopher 1774,  '76 

Gervais,  John  L 1782,  '83 

Heyward,  Thomas,  Jr 1776,  '78 

Huger,  Daniel 1786,  '88 

Hutson,  Richard 1778,  '79 

Izard,  Ralph 1782,  '83 

Kean,  John 1785,  '87 

Kinloch,  Francis 1780,  '81 


Laurens,  Henry 1777,  '80 

Lynch,  Thomas 1774,  '76 

Lynch,  Thomas,  Jr 1776,  '77 

Matthews,  John 1778,  '82 

Middleton,  Arthur 1776,  '78 

"     1781,  '83 

Middleton,  Henry 1774,  '76 

Motte,  Isaac 1780,  '82 

Parker,  John 1786,  '88 

Pinckney,  Charles 1777,  '78 

"      1784,  '87 

Ramsay,  David 1782,  '84 

"     1785,  '86 

Read,  Jacob 1783,  '85 

Rulledge,  Edward 1774,  '77 

Rutledge,  John 1774,  '77 

"    1782,  '83 

Trapier,  Paul 1777,  '78 

Tucker,  Thomas  T 1787,  '88 

GEORGIA. 

Baldwin,  Abraham 1785,  '88 

Brownson,  Nathan 1776,  '78 

Bullock,  Archibald 177"),  '70 

Clay,  Joseph 1778,  '80 

Few,  William 1780,  '82 

"       1785,  '88 

Gibbons,  William 1784,  '86 

Gwinnett,  Button 1776,  '77 

Habersham,  John 1785,  '86 

Hall.Lyman 1775,  '79 

Houston,  John 1775,  '77 

Houston,  William 1784,  '87 

Howley,  Richard 1780,  '81 

Jones,  Noble  Wimberly 1775,  '76 

"                "                 1781,  '83 

Langworthy,  Edward 1777,  '79 

Pierce,  W 1786,  '87 

Telfair,  Edward 1777,  '79 

"      1780,  '83 

Walton,  George 1770,  '79 

"      1780,  '81 

Wood,  Joseph 1777,  '79 

Zubly,  John  J 1775,  '76 


106  APPENDIX. 


PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS, 

FROM  1774  TO   1788. 

FROM  ELECTED. 

Peyton  Randolph Virginia September  5,  1774. 

Henry  Middleton South  Carolina October     22,  1774. 

Peyton  Randolph Virginia May  10,  1775. 

John  Hancock Massachusetts May  24,  1775. 

Henry  Laurens South  Carolina November    1,  1777. 

JohnJay New  York December  10,  1778. 

Samuel  Huntington Connecticut September  28,  1779. 

Thomas  McKean Delaware July  10,  1781. 

John  Hanson Maryland November    5,  1781. 

Elias  Boudinot New  Jersey November    4,  1782. 

Thomas  Miffiin Pennsylvania November     3,  1783. 

Richard  Henry  Lee Virginia November  30,  1784. 

Nathaniel  Gorham Massachusetts June  6,  1786. 

Arthur  St.  Clair Pennsylvania February     2,  1787. 

Cyrus  Griffin Virginia January     22,  1788. 


SESSIONS  OF  THE   CONTINENTAL  CONGRESS. 

The  sessions  of  the  Continental  Congress  were  commenced  as  follows  : — 
September  5,  1774,  also  May  10,  1775,  at  Philadelphia;  December  20,  1776, 
at  Baltimore;  March  4,  1777,  at  Philadelphia;  September  27,  1777,  at  Lan 
caster,  Pennsylvania;  September  30, 1777,  at  York,  Pennsylvania;  July  2, 1778, 
at  Philadelphia;  June  30, 1783,  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey;  November  26, 1783, 
at  Annapolis,  Maryland ;  November  1,  1784,  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey;  Janu 
ary  11, 1785,  at  New  York,  which,  from  that  time,  continued  to  be  the  place  of 
meeting  until  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States.  From  1781 
to  1788,  Congress  met  annually  on  the  first  Monday  in  November,  pursuant  to 
the  articles  of  confederation. 


CONSTITUTION 


WE,  the  people  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect 
Union,  establish  justice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity,  provide  for  the 
common  defence,  promote  the  general  welfare,  and  secure  the  bless 
ings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish 
this  CONSTITUTION  for  the  United  States  of  America. 

ARTICLE  I. 

SECTION  1.  All  legislative  powers  herein  granted  shall  be  vested  in  a  Con 
gress  of  the  United  States,  which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Re 
presentatives. 

SECT.  2.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed  of  members  chosen 
every  second  year  by  the  people  of  the  several  States,  and  the  electors  in  each 
State  shall  have  the  qualifications  requisite  for  electors  of  the  most  numerous 
branch  of  the  State  Legislature. 

No  person  shall  be  a  Representative  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age 
of  twenty-five  years,  and  been  seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and 
who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  in  which  he  shall  be 
chosen. 

Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  several 
States  which  may  be  included  within  this  Union,  according  to  their  respective 
numbers,  which  shall  be  determined  by  adding  to  the  whole  number  of  free  per 
sons,  including  those  bound  to  service  for  a  term  of  years,  and  excluding  In 
dians  not  taxed,  three-fifths  of  all  other  persons.  The  actual  enumeration  shall 

(107) 


108  APPENDIX. 

be  made  within  three  years  after  the  first  meeting  of  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  and  within  every  subsequent  term  of  ten  years,  in  such  manner  as  they 
shall  by  law  direct.  The  number  of  Representatives  shall  not  exceed  one  for 
every  thirty  thousand,  but  each  State  shall  have  at  least  one  Representative ; 
and  until  such  enumeration  shall  be  made,  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  shall  be 
entitled  to  choose  three,  Massachusetts  eight,  Rhode  Island  and  Providence 
Plantations  one,  Connecticut  five,  New  York  six,  New  Jersey  four,  Pennsylva 
nia  eight,  Delaware  one,  Maryland  six,  Virginia  ten,  North  Carolina  five,  South 
Carolina  five,  and  Georgia  three. 

When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from  any  State,  the  Executive 
authority  thereof  shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  such  vacancies. 

The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  their  Speaker  and  other  officers ; 
and  shall  have  the  sole  power  of  impeachment. 

SECT.  3.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two  Senators 
from  each  State,  chosen  by  the  Legislature  thereof,  for  six  years ;  and  each 
Senator  shall  have  one  vote. 

Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled  in  consequence  of  the  first  election, 
they  shall  be  divided  as  equally  as  may  be  into  three  classes.  The  seats  of  the 
Senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated  at  the  expiration  of  the  second  year, 
of  the  second  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  fourth  year,  and  of  the  third  class 
at  the  expiration  of  the  sixth  year,  so  that  one-third  may  be  chosen  every  second 
year ;  and  if  vacancies  happen  by  resignation,  or  otherwise,  during  the  recess  of 
the  Legislature  of  any  State,  the  Executive  thereof  may  make  temporary  ap 
pointments  until  the  next  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  which  shall  then  fill  such 
vacancies. 

No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  thirty 
years,  and  been  nine  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall  not, 
when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  for  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

The  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  shall  be  President  of  the  Senate,  but 
shall  have  no  vote,  unless  they  be  equally  divided. 

The  Senate  shall  choose  their  other  officers,  and  also  a  President  pro  tempore, 
in  the  absence  of  the  Vice-President,  or  when  he  shall  exercise  the  office  of 
President  of  the  United  States. 

The  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  all  impeachments.  When  sitting 
for  that  purpose,  they  shall  be  on  oath  or  affirmation.  When  the  President  of 
the  United  States  is  tried,  the  Chief  Justice  shall  preside :  and  no  person  shall 
be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present. 

Judgment  in  cases  of  impeachment  shall  not  extend  further  than  to  removal 
from  office,  and  disqualification  to  hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of  honor,  trust,  or 
profit  under  the  United  States :  but  the  party  convicted  shall  nevertheless  be 


APPENDIX.  109 

liable  and  subject  to  indictment,  trial,  judgment,  and  punishment,  according  to 
law. 

SECT.  4.  The  times,  places,  and  manner  of  holding  elections  for  Senators  and 
Representatives,  shall  be  prescribed  in  each  State  by  the  Legislature  thereof; 
but  the  Congress  may  at  any  time  by  law  make  or  alter  such  regulations,  except 
as  to  the  places  of  choosing  Senators. 

The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in  every  year,  and  such  meeting 
shall  be  on  the  first  Monday  in  December,  unless  they  shall  by  law  appoint  a 
different  day. 

SECT.  5.  Each  House  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  elections,  returns,  and  qualifi 
cations  of  its  own  members,  and  a  majority  of  each  shall  constitute  a  quorum  to 
do  business;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day,  and  may  be 
authorized  to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members,  in  such  manner,  and 
under  such  penalties  as  each  House  may  provide. 

Each  House  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,  punish  its  members 
for  disorderly  behavior,  and,  with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds,  expel  a 
member. 

Each  House  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  from  time  to  time 
publish  the  same,  excepting  such  parts  as  may  in  their  judgment  require  se 
crecy  ;  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  members  of  either  House  on  any  question 
shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be  entered  on  the  journal. 

Neither  House,  during  the  session  of  Congress,  shall,  without  the  consent  of 
the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three  days,  nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  in 
which  the  two  Houses  shall  be  sitting. 

SECT.  6.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  receive  a  compensation  for 
their  services,  to  be  ascertained  by  law,  and  paid  out  of  the  Treasury  of  the 
United  States.  They  shall  in  all  cases,  except  treason,  felony,  and  breach  of  the 
peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their  attendance  at  the  session  of  their 
respective  Houses,  and  in  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same ;  and  for  any 
speech  or  debate  in  cither  House,  they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other 
place. 

No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  time  for  which  he  was  elected, 
be  appointed  to  any  civil  office  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  which 
shall  have  been  created,  or  the  emoluments  whereof  shall  have  been  increased 
during  such  time;  and  no  person  holding  any  office  under  the  United  States, 
shall  be  a  member  of  either  House  during  his  continuance  in  office. 

SECT.  7.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  ;  but  the  Senate  may  propose  or  concur  with  amendments  as  on  other 
bills. 

Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  House  of  Representatives  and  the 


110  APPENDIX. 

Senate,  shall,  before  it  becomes  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the 
United  States ;  if  he  approve  he  shall  sign  it,  but  if  not  he  shall  return  it,  with 
his  objections,  to  that  House  in  which  it  shall  have  originated,  who  shall  enter 
the  objections  at  large  on  their  journal,  and  proceed  to  reconsider  it.  If  after 
such  reconsideration  two-thirds  of  that  House  shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it 
shall  be  sent,  together  with  the  objections,  to  the  other  House,  by  which  it  shall 
likewise  be  reconsidered,  and  if  approved  by  two-thirds  of  that  House,  it  shall 
become  a  law.  But  in  all  such  cases  the  votes  of  both  Houses  shall  be  deter 
mined  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  the  persons  voting  for  and  against 
the  bill  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal  of  each  House  respectively.  If  any  bill 
shall  not  be  returned  by  the  President  within  ten  days  (Sundays  excepted,)  after 
it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law,  in  like  manner  as 
if  he  had  signed  it,  unless  the  Congress  by  their  adjournment  prevent  its  return, 
in  which  case  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote,  to  which  the  concurrence  of  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives  may  be  necessary,  (except  on  a  question  of  adjourn 
ment,)  shall  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  United  States ;  and  before  the 
same  shall  take  effect,  shall  be  approved  by  him,  or  being  disapproved  by  him, 
shall  be  repassed  by  two-thirds  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives, 
according  to  the  rules  and  limitations  prescribed  in  the  case  of  a  bill. 

SECT.  8.  The  Congress  shall  have  power 

To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts,  and  excises,  to  pay  the  debts  and 
provide  for  the  common  defence  and  general  welfare  of  the  United  States ;  but 
all  duties,  imposts,  and  excises,  shall  be  uniform  throughout  the  United  States; 

To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States ; 

To  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  and  among  the  several  States, 
and  with  the  Indian  tribes ; 

To  establish  an  uniform  rule  of  naturalization,  and  uniform  laws  on  the  sub 
ject  of  bankruptcies  throughout  the  United  States ; 

To  coin  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof,  and  of  foreign  coin,  and  fix  the 
standard  of  weights  and  measures ; 

To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  counterfeiting  the  securities  and  current 
coin  of  the  United  States  ; 

To  establish  post-offices  and  post-roads ; 

To  promote  the  progress  of  science  and  useful  arts,  by  securing  for  limited 
times  to  authors  and  inventors  the  exclusive  right  to  their  respective  writings 
and  discoveries ; 

To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  Supreme  Court ; 

To  define  and  punish  piracies  and  felonies  committed  on  the  high  seas,  and 
offences  against  the  law  of  nations ; 


APPENDIX.  Ill 

To  declare  war.  grant  Letters  of  Marque  and  Reprisal,  and  make  rules  con 
cerning  captures  on  land  and  water; 

To  raise  and  support  armies,  but  no  appropriation  of  money  to  that  use  shall 
be  for  a  longer  term  than  two  years ; 

To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy; 

To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation  of  the  land  and  naval 
forces ; 

To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Union,  sup 
press  insurrections,  and  repel  invasions ; 

To  provide  for  organizing,  arming,  and  disciplining  the  militia,  and  for  govern 
ing  such  part  of  them  as  may  be  employed  in  the  service  of  the  United  States, 
reserving  to  the  States  respectively  the  appointment  of  the  officers,  and  the  au 
thority  of  training  the  militia  according  to  the  discipline  prescribed  by  Congress; 

To  exercise  exclusive  legislation  in  all  cases  whatsoever,  over  such  district 
(not  exceeding  ten  miles  square,)  as  may,  by  cession  of  particular  States,  and 
the  acceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat  of  the  Government  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  exercise  like  authority  over  all  places  purchased  by  the  consent 
of  the  Legislature  of  the  State  in  which  the  same  shall  be,  for  the  erection  of 
forts,  magazines,  arsenals,  dock-yards,  and  other  needful  buildings;  and 

To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  proper  for  carrying  into  exe 
cution  the  foregoing  powers,  and  all  other  powers  vested  by  this  Constitution  in 
the  Government  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  department  or  officer  thereof. 

SECT.  9.  The  migration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as  any  of  the  States 
now  existing  shall  think  proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be  prohibited  by  the  Congress 
prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight,  but  a  tax  or  duty  may 
be  imposed  on  such  importation,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars  for  each  person. 

The  privilege  of  the  "Writ  of  Habeas  Corpus  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless 
when  in  cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion  the  public  safety  may  require  it. 

No  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  post  facto  law  shall  be  passed. 

No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  unless  in  proportion  to  the 
census  or  enumeration  herein  before  directed  to  be  taken. 

No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported  from  any  State. 

No  preference  shall  be  given  by  any  regulation  of  commerce  or  revenue  to  the 
ports  of  one  State  over  those  of  another;  nor  shall  vessels  bound  to  or  from  one 
State,  be  obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  in  another. 

No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  Treasury,  but  in  consequence  of  appropria 
tions  made  by  law ;  and  a  regular  statement  and  account  of  the  receipts  and 
expenditures  of  all  public  money  shall  be  published  from  time  to  time. 

No  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the  United  States ;  and  no  person 
holding  any  office  of  profit  or  trust  under  them,  shall,  without  the  consent  of 


112  APPENDIX. 

the  Congress,  accept  of  any  present,  emolument,  office,  or  title,  of  any  kind 
whatever,  from  any  king,  prince,  or  foreign  State. 

SECT.  10.  No  State  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  alliance,  or  confederation ;  grant 
Letters  of  Marque  and  Reprisal ;  coin  money ;  emit  bills  of  credit ;  make  any 
thing  but  gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  in  payment  of  debts ;  pass  any  bill  of 
attainder,  ex  post  facto  law,  or  law  impairing  the  obligation  of  contracts,  or 
grant  any  title  of  nobility. 

No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress,  lay  any  imposts  or  duties 
on  imports  or  exports,  except  what  may  be  absolutely  necessary  for  executing 
its  inspection  laws ;  and  the  net  produce  of  all  duties  and  imposts,  laid  by  any 
State  on  imports  or  exports,  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States;  and  all  such  laws  shall  be  subject  to  the  revision  and  control  of  the 
Congress. 

No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Congress,  lay  any  duty  of  tonnage, 
keep  troops  or  ships  of  war  in  time  of  peace,  enter  into  any  agreement  or  com 
pact  with  another  State,  or  with  a  foreign  power,  or  engage  in  war,  unless  ac 
tually  invaded,  or  in  such  imminent  danger,  as  will  not  admit  of  delay. 


ARTICLE   II. 

SECTION  1.  The  Executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  President  of  the  United 
States  of  America.  He  shall  hold  his  office  during  the  term  of  four  years,  and, 
together  with  the  Yice-President,  chosen  for  the  same  term,  be  elected,  as  fol 
lows  : — 

Each  State  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  thereof  may 
direct,  a  number  of  Electors,  equal  to  the  whole  number  of  Senators  and  Re 
presentatives  to  which  the  State  may  be  entitled  in  the  Congress  ;  but  no  Se 
nator  or  Representative,  or  person  holding  an  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the 
United  States,  shall  be  appointed  an  Elector. 

[*  The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States,  and  vote  by  ballot  for  two 
persons,  of  whom  one  at  least  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with 
themselves.  And  they  shall  make  a  list  of  all  the  persons  voted  for,  and  of  the  num 
ber  of  votes  for  each;  which  list  they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit  sealed  to 
the  seat  of  the  government  of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the 
Senate.  The  President  of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House 
of  Representatives,  open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted. 
The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  shall  be  the  President,  if  such  num 
ber  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed;  and  if  there  be  more 

*  This  clause  within  brackets  has  been  superseded  and  annulled  by  the  12th  amendment,  on  page  124. 


APPENDIX.  ]l;j 

than  one  who  have  such  mnjority,  and  have  an  equal  number  of  votes,  then  the  House 
of  Representatives  shall  immediately  choose  by  ballot  one  of  them  for  President;  and 
if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then  from  the  five  highest  on  the  list  the  said  House 
shall  in  like  manner  choose  the  President.  But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  votes 
shall  be  taken  by  States,  the  representation  from  each  State  having  one  vote;  a  quo 
rum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the 
States,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  In  every  case, 
after  the  choice  of  the  President,  the  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  of 
the  Electors  shall  be  the  Vice-President.  But  if  there  should  remain  two  or  more 
who  have  equal  votes,  the  Senate  shall  choose  from  them  by  ballot  the  Vice-Presi- 
dent.] 

The  Congress  may  determine  the  time  of  choosing  the  Electors,  and  the  day 
on  which  they  shall  give  their  votes;  which  day  shall  be  the  same  throughout 
the  United  States. 

No  person  except  a  natural  horn  citizen,  or  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  at 
the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of 
President ;  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that  office  who  shall  not  have 
attained  to  the  age  of  thirty-five  years,  and  been  fourteen  years  a  resident  within 
the  United  States. 

In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  President  from  office,  or  of  his  death,  resigna 
tion,  or  inability  to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  said  office,  the  same 
shall  devolve  on  the  Vice-President,  and  the  Congress  may  by  law  provide  for 
the  case  of  removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inability,  both  of  the  President  and 
Vice-President,  declaring  what  officer  shall  then  act  as  President,  and  such 
officer  shall  act  accordingly,  until  the  disability  be  removed,  or  a  President  shall 
be  elected. 

The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services  a  compensation, 
which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished  during  the  period  for  which  he 
shall  have  been  elected,  and  he  shall  not  receive  within  that  period  any  other 
emolument  from  the  United  States,  or  any  of  them. 

Before  he  enter  on  the  execution  of  his  office,  he  shall  take  the  following  oath 
or  affirmation  : — 

"7  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully  execute  the  office  of 
President  of  the  United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  preserve, 
protect,  and  defend  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States." 

SECT.  2.  The  President  shall  be  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Army  and  Navy 
of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  Militia  of  the  several  States,  when  called  into 
the  actual  service  of  the  United  States;  he  may  require  the  opinion,  in  writing, 
of  the  principal  officer  in  each  of  the  Executive  Departments,  upon  any  subject 
relating  to  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices,  and  he  shall  have  power  to  grant 

8* 


114  APPENDIX. 

reprieves  and  pardons  for  offences  against  the  United  States,  except  in  cases  of 
impeachment. 

He  shall  have  power,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to 
make  treaties,  provided  two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present  concur;  and  he  shall 
nominate,  and  by  and  with  the  adviee  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  shall  appoint 
Ambassadors,  other  public  Ministers  and  Consuls,  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
and  all  other  officers  of  the  United  States,  whose  appointments  are  not  herein 
otherwise  provided  for,  and  which  shall  be  established  bylaw;  but  the  Congress 
may  by  law  vest  the  appointment  of  such  inferior  officers,  as  they  think  proper, 
in  the  President  alone,  in  the  Courts  of  law,  or  in  the  heads  of  Departments. 

The  President  shall  have  power  to  fill  up  all  vacancies  that  may  happen 
during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  by  granting  commissions  which  shall  expire  at 
the  end  of  their  next  session. 

SECT.  3.  He  shall  from  time  to  time  give  to  the  Congress  information  of  the 
state  of  the  Union,  and  recommend  to  their  consideration  such  measures  as  he 
shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient;  he  may,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  con 
vene  both  Houses,  or  either  of  them,  and  in  case  of  disagreement  between  them, 
with  respect  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he  may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as 
he  shall  think  proper ;  he  shall  receive  Ambassadors  and  other  public  Minis 
ters  ;  he  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed,  and  shall  commis 
sion  all  the  officers  of  the  United  States. 

SECT.  4.  The  President,  Vice-President,  and  all  civil  officers  of  the  United 
States,  shall  be  removed  from  office  on  impeachment  for,  and  conviction  of,  trea 
son,  bribery,  or  other  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE  III. 

SECTION  1.  The  Judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  be  vested  in  one 
Supreme  Court,  and  in  such  inferior  courts  as  the  Congress  may  from  time  to 
time  ordain  and  establish.  The  Judges,  both  of  the  supreme  and  inferior  courts, 
shall  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  and  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive 
for  their  services  a  compensation,  which  shall  not  be  diminished  during  their 
continuance  in  office. 

SECT.  2.  The  Judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases,  in  law  and  equity,  aris 
ing  under  this  Constitution,  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  treaties  made,  or 
which  shall  be  made,  under  their  authority;  to  all  cases  affecting  Ambassadors, 
other  public  Ministers,  and  Consuls;  to  all  cases  of  admiralty  and  maritime 
jurisdiction ;  to  controversies  to  which  the  United  States  shall  be  a  party ;  to 
controversies  between  two  or  more  States ;  between  a  State  and  citizens  of  an- 


APPENDIX.  ]15 

other  State;  between  citizens  of  different  States ;  between  citizens  of  the  same 
State  claiming  lands  under  grants  of  different  States;  and  between  a  State,  or 
the  citizens  thereof,  and  foreign  States,  citizens,  or  subjects. 

In  nil  cases  affecting  Ambassadors,  other  public  Ministers,  and  Consuls,  and 
those  in  which  a  State  shall  be  party,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  original 
jurisdiction.  In  all  the  other  cases  before  mentioned,  the  Supreme  Court  shall 
have  appellate  jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such  exceptions,  and 
under  such  regulations  as  the^Congress  shall  make. 

The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  be  by  jury ;  and 
such  trial  shall  be  held  in  the  State  where  the  said  crimes  shall  have  been  com 
mitted;  but  when  not  committed  within  any  State,  the  trial  shall  be  at  such 
place  or  places  as  the  Congress  may  by  law  have  directed. 

SECT.  3.  Treason  against  the  United  States,  shall  consist  only  in  levying  war 
against  them,  or  in  adhering  to  their  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort.  No 
person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the  testimony  of  two  witnesses  to 
the  same  overt  act,  or  on  confession  in  open  court. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  declare  the  punishment  of  treason,  but  no 
attainder  of  treason  shall  work  corruption  of  blood,  or  forfeiture,  except  during 
the  life  of  the  person  attainted. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

SUCTION  1.  Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each  State  to  the  public  acts, 
records,  and  judicial  proceedings  of  every  other  State.  And  the  Congress  may 
by  general  laws  prescribe  the  manner  in  which  such  acts,  records,  and  proceed 
ings  shall  be  proved,  and  the  effect  thereof. 

SECT.  2.  The  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  entitled  to  all  privileges  and  im 
munities  of  citizens  in  the  several'States. 

A  person  charged  in  any  State  with  treason,  felony,  or  other  crime,  who  shall 
flee  from  justice,  and  be  found  in  another  State,  shall  on  demand  of  the  Execu 
tive  authority  of  the  State  from  which  he  fled,  be  delivered  up,  to  be  removed  to 
the  State  having  jurisdiction  of  the  crime. 

No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  State,  under  the  laws  thereof,  escap 
ing  into  another,  shall,  in  consequence  of  any  law  or  regulation  therein,  be  dis 
charged  from  such  service  or  labor,  but  shall  be  delivered  up  on  claim  of  the 
party  to  whom  such  service  or  labor  may  be  due. 

SECT.  3.  New  States  may  be  admitted  by  the  Congress  into  this  Union ;  but 
no  new  State  shall  be  formed  or  erected  within  the  jurisdiction  of  any  other 
State;  nor  any  State  be  formed  by  the  junction  of  two  or  more  States,  or  parts 


if 

116  APPENDIX. 

of  States,  without  the  consent  of  the  Legislatures  of  the  States  concerned,  as 
well  as  of  the  Congress. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of  and  make  all  needful  rules  and 
regulations  respecting  the  territory  or  other  property  belonging  to  the  United 
States ;  and  nothing  in  this  Constitution  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  prejudice 
any  claims  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  particular  State. 

SECT.  4.  The  United  States  shall  guarantee  to  every  State  in  this  Union  a  re 
publican  form  of  government,  and  shall  protect  each  of  them  against  invasion ; 
and  on  application  of  the  Legislature,  or  of  the  Executive,  (when  the  Legisla 
ture  cannot  be  convened,)  against  domestic  violence. 

ARTICLE   V. 

The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both  Houses  shall  deem  it  necessary, 
shall  propose  amendments  to  this  Constitution,  or,  on  the  application  of  the 
Legislatures  of  two-thirds  of  the  several  States,  shall  call  a  Convention  for  pro 
posing  amendments,  which,  in  either  case,  shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and  pur 
poses,  as  part  of  this  Constitution,  when  ratified  by  the  Legislatures  of  three- 
fourths  of  the  several  States,  or  by  Conventions  in  three-fourths  thereof,  as  the 
one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratification  may  be  proposed  by  the  Congress ;  Pro 
vided,  that  no  amendment  which  may  be  made  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  eight,  shall  in  any  manner  affect  the  first  and  fourth  clauses 
in  the  ninth  section  of  the  first  Article ;  and  that  no  State,  without  its  consent, 
shall  be  deprived  of  its  equal  suffrage  in  the  Senate. 

ARTICLE   VI. 

All  debts  contracted  and  engagements  entered  into,  before  the  adoption  of  this 
Constitution,  shall  be  as  valid  against  the  United  States  under  this  Constitution, 
as  under  the  Confederation. 

This  Constitution,  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States  which  shall  be  made  in 
pursuance  thereof;  and  all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  the 
authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the  land ;  and  the 
Judges  in  every  State  shall  be  bound  thereby,  anything  in  the  Constitution  or 
laws  of  any  State  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

The  Senators  and  Representatives  before  mentioned,  and  the  members  of  the 
several  State  Legislatures,  and  all  Executive  and  Judicial  officers,  both  of  the 
United  States  and  of  the  several  States,  shall  be  bound  by  oath  or  affirmation t 
to  support  this  Constitution ;  but  no  religious  test  shall  ever  be  required  as  a 
qualification  to  any  office  or  public  trust  under  the  United  States. 


APPENDIX. 


117 


ARTICLE   VII. 

The  ratification  of  the  Conventions  of  nine  States  shall  be  sufficient  for  the 
establishment  of  this  Constitution  between  the  States  so  ratifying  the  same. 

DONE  in  Convention  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  States  present,  the 
seventeenth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  eighty-seven,  and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of 
America  the  twelfth.  IN  WITNESS  whereof  we  have  hereunto  subscribed  our 
names, 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
President  and  Deputy  from  Viryinia. 


John  Langdon, 
Nathaniel  Gorham, 
William  S.  Johnson, 

Alexander  Hamilton. 

William  Livingston, 
William  Faterson, 

Benjamin  Franklin, 
Robert  Morris, 
Thomas  Fitzsimmons, 
James  Wilson, 

George  Read, 
John  Dickinson, 
Jaco.  Broom, 

James  McIIenry, 
Daniel  Carroll, 

John  Blair, 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Nicholas  Gilmau. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Rufus  King. 


CONNECTICUT. 

NEW  YORK. 
Nuw  JERSEY. 

I 

PENNSYLVANIA. 


Roircr  Sherman. 


David  Brearlcy, 
Jonathan  Dayton. 

Thomas  Mifflin, 
George  Clymer, 
Jared  Ingersoll, 
Gouverneur  Morris. 


DELAWARE. 


Gunning  Bedford,  Jr. 
Richard  Bassett. 


MARYLAND. 


VIRGINIA. 


Daniel  Jenifer,  of  St.  Thomas. 


James  Madison,  Jr. 


118 


APPENDIX. 


William  Blouut, 
Hugh  Williamson, 

J.  Eutledge, 
Charles  Pinckney, 

William  Few, 

Attest : 


NOKTH  CAROLINA. 

Richard  D.  Spaight. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Charles  C.  Pinckney, 
Pierce  Butler. 


GEORGIA. 


Abraham  Baldwin. 
WILLIAM  JACKSON,  Secretary. 


STATE   RATIFICATIONS   OF   THE   CONSTITUTION. 

The  Constititution  was  adopted  September  17,  1787,  by  the  Convention  ap 
pointed  in  pursuance  of  the  resolution  of  the  Congress  of  the  Confederation  of 
February  21,  1787,  and  was  ratified  by  the  Conventions  of  the  several  States  as 
follows,  viz. : — 

By  Convention  of  Delaware December    7,  1787. 

Pennsylvania December  12, 1787. 

"  "  New  Jersey December  18,  1787. 

"  Georgia January  2,  1788. 

"  Connecticut January  9,  1788. 

Massachusetts February     6,  1788. 

Maryland April          28, 1788. 

South  Carolina May           23,  1788. 

New  Hampshire June          21,  1788. 

Virginia June          26,  1788. 

New  York July           26,  1788. 

North  Carolina November  21,  1789. 

Rhode  Island May           29,  1790. 


ARTICLES 

IN   ADDITION  TO,  AND  AMENDMENT  OF, 

THE    CONSTITUTION 

OF    THE 

UNITED    STATES   OF   AMERICA, 

PROPOSED    BY    CONGRESS,    AND    RATIFIED    BY    THE    LEGISLATURES    OF    THE    SEVERAL 
STATES,  PURSUANT    TO    THE    FIFTH    ARTICLE   OF    THE   ORIGINAL    CONSTITUTION. 


ARTICLE   I. 

CONGRESS  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment  of  religion,  or  pro 
hibiting  the  free  exercise  thereof;  or  abridging  the  freedom  of  speech,  or  of  the 
press;  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  assemble,  and  to  petition  the 
Government  for  a  redress  of  grievances. 

ARTICLE  II. 

A  well  regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  a  free  State,  the 
right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not  be  infringed. 

ARTICLE  III. 

No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any  house,  without  the  con 
sent  of  the  owner,  nor  in  time  of  war,  but  in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  houses,  papers,  and 
effects,  against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures,  shall  not  be  violated,  and  no 
warrants  shall  issue,  but  upon  probable  cause,  supported  by  oath  or  affirmation, 
and  particularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched,  and  the  persons  or  things 
to  be  seized. 

(119) 


120  APPENDIX. 


ARTICLE  V. 

No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital,  or  otherwise  infamous  crime, 
unless  on  a  presentment  or  indictment  of  a  grand  jury,  except  in  cases  arising 
in  the  land  or  naval  forces,  or  in  the  militia,  when  in  actual  service  in  time  of 
war  or  public  danger;  nor  shall  any  person  be  subject  for  the  same  offence  to 
be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  of  life  or  limb ;  nor  shall  be  compelled  in  any  criminal 
rase  to  be  a  witness  against  himself,  nor  be  deprived  of  life,  liberty,  or  property, 
without  due  process  of  law ;  nor  shall  private  property  be  taken  for  public  use, 
without  just  compensation. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a  speedy  and 
public  trial,  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the  State  and  district  wherein  the  crime 
shall  have  been  committed,  which  district  shall  have  been  previously  ascertained 
by  law,  and  to  be  informed  of  the  nature  and  cause  of  the  accusation ;  to  be  con 
fronted  with  the  witnesses  against  him ;  to  have  compulsory  process  for  obtain 
ing  witnesses  in  his  favor,  and  to  have  the  assistance  of  counsel  for  his  defence. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the  value  in  controversy  shall  exceed  twenty 
dollars,  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  be  preserved,  and  no  fact  tried  by  a  jury 
shall  be  otherwise  re-examined  in  any  court  of  the  United  States,  than  accord 
ing  to  the  rules  of  the  common  law. 

ARTICLE  VTII. 

Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines  imposed,  nor  cruel 
and  unusual  punishments  inflicted. 

ARTICLE   IX. 

The  enumeration  in  the  Constitution,  of  certain  rights,  shall  not  be  construed 
to  deny  or  disparage  others  retained  by  the  people. 

ARTICLE  X. 

The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  Constitution,  nor  pro 
hibited  by  it  to  the  States,  are  reserved  to  the  States  respectively,  or  to  the 
people. 


APPENDIX.  121 


ARTICLE   XI. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be  construed  to  extend  to 
any  suit  in  law  or  equity,  commenced  or  prosecuted  against  one  of  the  United 
States  by  citizens  of  another  State,  or  by  citizens  or  subjects  of  any  foreign 
State. 

ARTICLE   XII. 

The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States,  and  vote  by  ballot  for  Pre 
sident  and  Vice-President,  one  of  whom,  at  least,  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of 
the  same  State  with  themselves;  they  shall  name  in  their  ballots  the  person 
voted  for  as  President,  and  in  distinct  ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  Vice- 
President,  and  they  shall  make  distinct  lists  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  Presi 
dent,  and  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  Vice-President,  and  of  the  number  of  votes 
for  each,  which  lists  they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit  sealed  to  the  seat 
of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate. 
The  President  of  the  Senate  shall,  in  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Re 
presentatives,  open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted;  the 
person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  President  shall  be  the  President, 
if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed ;  and 
if  no  person  have  such  majority,  then  from  the  persons  having  the  highest  num 
bers,  not  exceeding  three  on  the  list  of  those  voted  for  as  President,  the  House 
of  Representatives  shall  choose  immediately,  by  ballot,  the  President.  But  in 
choosing  the  President,  the  votes  shall  be  taken  by  States,  the  representation 
from  each  State  having  one  vote ;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a 
member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the  States,  and  a  majority  of  all  the 
States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  And  if  the  House  of  Representatives 
shall  not  choose  a  President  whenever  the  right  of  choice  shall  devolve  upon 
them,  before  the  fourth  day  of  March  next  following,  then  the  Vice-President 
shall  act  as  President,  as  in  the  case  of  the  death  or  other  constitutional  dis 
ability  of  the  President.  The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  as 
Vice-President,  shall  be  the  Vice-President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the 
whole  number  of  Electors  appointed,  and  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then 
from  the  two  highest  numbers  on  the  list,  the  Senate  shall  choose  the  Vice- 
President  ;  a  quorum  for  the  purpose  shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of  the  whole 
number  of  Senators,  and  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  shall  be  necessary  to 
a  choice.  I?ut  no  person  constitutionally  ineligible  to  the  office  of  President 
shall  be  eligible  to  that  of  Vice-President  of  the  United  States. 


122  APPENDIX. 


THE   FOLLOWING   IS   PREFIXED   TO  THE    FIRST    TEN*   OF   THE   PRE 
CEDING   AMENDMENTS. 

CONGRESS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

BEGUN    AND     HELD     AT     THE     CITY    OF    NEW    YORK,    ON    WEDNESDAY,    THE     FOURTH    OF 
MARCH,     ONE     THOUSAND     SEYEN     HUNDRED     AND     EIGHTY-NINE. 

THE  Conventions  of  a  number  of  the  States  having,  at  the  time  of  their  adopt 
ing  the  Constitution,  expressed  a  desire,  in  order  to  prevent  misconstruction  or 
abuse  of  its  powers,  that  further  declaratory  and  restrictive  clauses  should  be 
added;  and  as  extending  the  ground  of  public  confidence  in  the  Government 
will  best  insure  the  beneficent  ends  of  its  institution, — 

Resolved,  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  in  Congress  assembled,  two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring,  That 
the  following  articles  be  proposed  to  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States,  as 
amendments  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  all,  or  any  of  which  articles, 
when  ratified  by  three-fourths  of  the  said  Legislature,  to  be  valid  to  all  intents 
and  purposes,  as  part  of  the  said  Constitution,  viz. : — 

Articles  in  addition  to,  and  amendment  of,  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  proposed  by  Congress,  and  ratified  by  the  Legislatures  of 
the  several  States  pursuant  to  the  fifth  Article  of  the  original  Constitution. 


*  It  may  be  proper  here  to  state  that  twelve  articles  of  amendment  were  proposed 
by  the  First  Congress,  of  which  but  ten  were  ratified  by  the  States — the  first  and 
second  in  order  not  having  been  ratified  by  the  requisite  number  of  States. 

These  two  were  as  follows : — 

Article  First. — After  the  first  enumeration  required  by  the  first  Article  of  the  Con-- 
stitution,  there  shall  be  one  Representative  for  every  thirty  thousand,  until  the 
number  shall  amount  to  one  hundred,  after  which,  the  proportion  shall  be  so  regu 
lated  by  Congress,  that  there  shall  not  be  less  than  one  hundred  Representatives, 
nor  less  than  one  Representative  for  every  forty  thousand  persons,  until  the  number 
of  Representatives  shall  amount  to  two  hundred,  after  which  the  proportion  shall  be 
so  regulated  by  Congress  that  there  shall  not  be  less  than  two  hundred  Representa 
tives,  nor  more  than  one  Representative  for  every  fifty  thousand  persons. 

Article  Second. — No  law,  varying  the  compensation  for  the  services  of  the  Senators 
and  Representatives,  shall  take  effect  until  an  election  of  Representatives  shall  have 
intervened. 


APPENDIX.  123 

The  first  ten  amendments  of  the  Constitution  were  ratified  by  the  States  as 
follows,  viz. : — 

By  New  Jersey. November  20,  1789. 

"   Maryland December  19,  1789. 

"    North  Carolina December  22,  1789. 

"   South  Carolina January     19,  1790. 

"   New  Hampshire January     25,  1790. 

"   Delaware January     28,  1790. 

"   Pennsylvania March        10,  1790. 

"   New  York March       27,1790. 

"    Rhode  Island June  15,  1790. 

"   Vermont November  3,  1791. 

"   Virginia December  15,  1791. 


THE   FOLLOWING   IS   PREFIXED   TO   THE   ELEVENTH    OF   THE    PRE 
CEDING   AMENDMENTS. 

THIRD  CONGRESS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

AT  THE  FIRST  SESSION,  BEGUN  AND  HELD  AT  THE  CITY  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  IN  THE 
STATE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA,  ON  MONDAY,  THE  SECOND  OF  DECEMBER,  ONE  THOUSAND 
SEVEN  HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-THREE. 

Resolved,  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  in  Congress  assembled,  two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring,  That 
the  following  article  be  proposed  to  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States  as  an 
amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States ;  which,  when  ratified  by 
three-fourths  of  the  said  Legislatures  shall  be  valid  as  part  of  the  said  Constitu 
tion,  viz. : — 


124  APPENDIX. 


THE   FOLLOWING   IS   PREFIXED   TO   THE   TWELFTH   OF    THE    PRE 
CEDING  AMENDMENTS. 

EIGHTH  CONGRESS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

AT  TIIK  FIRST  SESSION,  BEGUN  AND  HELD  AT  THE  CITY  OF  WASHINGTON,  IN  THE 
TERRITORY  OF  COLUMBIA,  ON  MONDAY,  THE  SEVENTEENTH  OF  OCTOBER,  ONE  THOU 
SAND  EIGHT  HUNDRED  AND  THREE. 

Resolved,  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  in  Congress  assembled,  two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring,  That 
in  lieu  of  the  third  paragraph  of  the  first  section  of  the  second  Article  of  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  the  following  be  proposed  as  an  amendment 
to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States ;  which,  when  ratified  by  three-fourths 
of  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States,  shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and  pur 
poses,  as  part  of  the  said  Constitution,  to  wit : — 

The  ten  first  of  the  preceding  amendments  were  proposed  at  the  first  session 
of  the  First  Congress  of  the  United  States,  September  25, 1789,  and  were  finally 
ratified  by  the  constitutional  number  of  States,  December  15, 1791.  The  eleventh 
amendment  was  proposed  at  the  first  session  of  the  Third  Congress,  March  5, 
1794,  and  was  declared,  in  a  message  from  the  President  of  the  United  States  to 
both  houses  of  Congress,  dated  January  8,  1798,  to  have  been  adopted  by  the 
constitutional  number  of  States.  The  twelfth  amendment  was  proposed  at  the 
first  session  of  the  Eighth  Congress,  December  12, 1803,  and  was  adopted  by  the 
constitutional  number  of  States  in  1804,  according  to  a  public  notice  thereof  by 
the  Secretary  of  State,  dated  September  25  of  the  same  year. 


ORGANIZATION    OF   THE   EXECUTIVE   DEPARTMENTS. 


STATE   DEI'ARTM  ENT. 

THK  immbor  of  persons  employed  in  the  Department  of  State  of  the  United 
States,  is  seventeen,  as  follows:  One  Secretary  of  State,  one  Assistant  Secretary 
of  State,  one  Chief  Clerk,  twelve  Clerks,  one  Translator,  and  one  Librarian. 

DIPLOMATIC    BRANCH. 

This  branch  of  the  State  Department  has  charge  of  all  correspondence  be 
tween  the  Department  and  other  diplomatic  agents  of  the  United  States  abroad, 
and  those  of  foreign  powers  accredited  to  this  Government.  In  it  all  diplomatic 
instructions  sent  from  the  Department,  and  communications  to  Commissioners 
under  treaties  of  boundaries,  etc.,  are  prepared,  copied,  and  recorded;  and  all  of 
like  character  received  are  registered  and  filed,  their  contents  being  first  entered 
in  an  analytic  table  or  index. 

CONSULAR    BRANCH. 

This  branch  has  charge  of  the  correspondence,  etc.,  between  the  Department 
and  the  Consuls  and  Commercial  Agents  of  the  United  States.  In  it  instructions 
to  those  officers,  and  answers  to  their  dispatches  and  to  letters  from  other  per 
sons  asking  for  consular  agency,  or  relating  to  consular  affairs,  are  prepared  and 
recorded. 

THK    DISBURSING    AOKNT. 

He  has  charge  of  all  correspondence  and  other  matters  connected  with  ac 
counts  relating  to  any  fund  with  the  disbursement  of  which  the  Department  is 
charged. 

THE    TRANSLATOR. 

His  duties  are  to  furuL-h  such  translations  as  the  Department  may  require. 
He  also  records  the  commissions  of  Consuls  and  Vice-Consuls,  when  not  in 
English,  upon  which  exequaturs  are  issued. 

CLERK   OF    APPOINTMENTS    AND    COMMISSIONS. 

lie  makes  out  and  records  commissions,  letters  of  appointment,  and  nomina 
tions  to  the  Senate;  makes  out  and  records  exequaturs,  and  records,  when  in 
English,  the  commissions  on  which  they  are  issued.  Has  charge  of  the  library. 

(125) 


126  APPENDIX. 


CLKRK    OF    THE    ROLLS    AND    ARCHIVES. 

He  takes  charge  of  the  rolls,  or  enrolled  acts  and  resolutions  of  Congress,  as 
they  are  received  at  the  Department  from  the  President ;  prepares  the  authenti 
cated  copies  thereof  which  are  called  for;  prepares  for,  and  superintends  their 
publication,  and  that  of  treaties,  in  the  newspapers  and  in  book  form;  attends 
to  their  distribution  throughout  the  United  States,  and  that  of  all  documents  and 
publications  in  regard  to  which  this  duty  is  assigned  to  the  Department ;  writing 
and  answering  all  letters  connected  therewith.  Has  charge  of  all  Indian  treaties, 
and  business  relating  thereto. 

CLERK  OF  AUTHENTICATIONS  AND  COPYRIGHTS. 

He  has  charge  of  the  seals  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  Department,  and 
prepares  and  attaches  certificates  to  papers  presented  for  authentication ;  receives 
and  accounts  for  the  fees.  Has  charge  of  publications  transmitted  to  the  De 
partment  under  the  laws  relating  to  copyrights ;  records  and  indexes  their  titles ; 
records  all  letters  from  the  Department,  other  than  the  diplomatic  and  consular. 

CLERK   OF    PARDONS    AND    PASSPORTS. 

He  prepares  and  records  pardons  and  remissions ;  and  registers  and  files  the 
petitions  and  papers  on  which  they  are  founded.  Makes  out  and  records  pass 
ports;  keeps  a  daily  register  of  all  letters,  other  than  diplomatic  and  consular, 
received,  and  of  the  disposition  made  of  them ;  prepares  letters  relating  to  this 
business. 


ATTORNEY-GENERAL'S   OFFICE. 

Attorney-General  of  the  United  States;  Chief  Clerk;  and  several  Copying 
Clerks.  The  ordinary  business  of  this  office  may  be  classified  under  the  follow 
ing  heads : — 

1.  Official  opinions  on  the  current  business  of  the  Government,  as  called  for 
by  the  President,  by  any  head  of  Department,  or  by  the  Solicitor  of  the  Trea 
sury. 

2.  Examination  of  the  titles  of  all  land  purchased,  as  the  sites  of  arsenals, 
custom-houses,  light-houses,  and  all  other  public  works  of  the  United  States. 

3.  Applications  for  pardons  in  all  cases  of  conviction  in  the  Courts  of  the 
United  States. 

4.  Applications  for  appointment  in  all  the  judicial  and  legal  business  of  the 
Government. 

5.  The  conduct  and  argument  of  all  suits  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  in  which  the  Government  is  concerned. 

6.  The  supervision  of  all  other  suits  arising  in  any  of  the  Departments  when 
referred  by  the  head  thereof  to  the  Attorney-General. 

To  these  ordinary  heads  of  the  business  of  the  office  are  added  at  the  present 
time  the  following,  viz. : — 

First.  The  direction  of  all  appeals  on  land  claims  in  California. 

Second.  The  codification  and  revision  of  the  laws  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 


APPENDIX.  127 


INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 

Secretary  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior.  Its  clerical  force  consists  of  one 
chief  clerk ;  two  disbursing  clerks ;  and  ten  other  regular  clerks ;  and  to  its 
supervision  and  management  are  committed  the  following  branches  of  the  public 
service : — 

IST.  THE  PUBUC  LANDS. — The  chief  of  this  bureau  is  called  the  Commissioner 
of  the  General  Land-office.  The  Land  Bureau  is  charged  with  the  survey,  ma 
nagement,  and  sale  of  the  public  domain,  and  the  issuing  of  titles  therefor, 
whether  derived  from  confirmations  of  grants  made  by  former  governments,  by 
sales,  donations,  of  grants  for  schools,  military  bounties,  or  public  improvements, 
and  likewise  the  revision  of  Virginia  military  bounty-land  claims,  and  the  issuing 
of  scrip  in  lieu  thereof.  The  Land-office,  also,  audits  its  own  accounts.  Its 
principal  officers  are  a  recorder,  chief  clerk,  principal  clerk  of  surveys,  besides  a 
draughtsman,  assistant  draughtsman,  and  some  one  hundred  and  fifty  clerks  of 
various  grades. 

2o.  PENSIONS. — The  Commissioner  is  charged  with  the  examination  and  adju 
dication  of  all  claims  arising  under  the  various  and  numerous  laws  passed  by 
Congress  granting  bounty-land  or  pensions  for  the  military  or  naval  services  in 
the  revolutionary  and  subsequent  wars  in  which  the  United  States  have  been  en 
gaged,  lie  has  one  chief  clerk,  and  a  permanent  corps  consisting  of  some  ninety 
other  clerks. 

3n.  INDIANS. — Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs.  Is  provided  with  a  chief  clerk, 
and  about  fifteen  other  subordinate  clerks. 

4TH.  PATENT-OFFICE. — To  this  bureau  is  committed  the  execution  and  per 
formance  of  all  "  acts  and  things  tou  chiug  and  respecting  the  granting  and  issuing 
of  patents  for  new  and  useful  discoveries,  inventions,  and  improvements;"  the 
collection  of  statistics  relating  to  agriculture,  the  collection  and  distribution  of 
seeds,  plants,  and  cuttings.  It  has  a  chief  clerk,  who  is  by  law  the  acting  Com 
missioner  of  Patents  in  the  absence  of  the  Commissioner ;  twelve  principal,  and 
twelve  assistant  examiners  of  patents,  some  dozen  subordinate  permanent  clerks, 
besides  a  considerable  number  of  temporary  employees. 

Besides  these  four  principal  branches  of  this  Executive  Department,  the  or 
ganic  act  of  1849  transferred  to  it  from  the  Treasury  Department  the  supervision 
of  the  accounts  of  the  United  States  Marshals  and  Attorneys,  and  the  Clerks  of 
the  United  States  Courts,  the  management  of  the  lead  and  other  mines  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  affairs  of  the  Penitentiary  of  the  United  States  in  the 
District  of  Columbia ;  and  from  the  State  Department,  the  duty  of  taking  and 
returning  the  Censuses  of  the  United  States,  and  of  supervising  and  directing 
the  acts  of  the  Commissioner  of  Public  Buildings.  The  Hospital  for  the  Insane 
of  the  Army  and  Navy  and  of  the  District  of  Columbia  is  also  under  the  ma 
nagement  of  this  Department;  in  addition  to  which,  by  laws  recently  passed,  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  charged  with  the  construction  of  the  three  wagon 
roads  leading  to  the  Pacific  coast. 

The  Department  requires  an  additional  building  for  its  accommodation,  and 


128  APPENDIX. 

the  erection  of  one  has  been  repeatedly  recommended,  during  the  last  few  years, 
for  that  purpose.  At  present  the  Pension-office  is  provided  with  rooms  in  what 
is  known  as  "  Winden's  Building,"  while  the  other  branches  of  the  Department, 
including  the  Secretary's  office,  are  all  crowded  into  the  Patent-office  Building, 
the  whole  of  which  will  be  required  at  an  early  day  for  the  use  of  the  Patent- 
office,  for  which  it  was  originally  intended. 


TEEASURY   DEPARTMENT. 

The  Treasury  Department  consists  of  the  offices  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Trea 
sury,  two  comptrollers,  commissioner  of  the  customs,  six  auditors,  treasurer, 
register,  solicitor,  light-house  board,  and  coast  survey. 

The  following  is  a  brief  indication  of  the  duties  of  these  several  offices,  and 
of  the  force  employed  therein,  respectively  :— 

SECRETARY'S  OFFICE. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  assistant  secretary,  one  engineer  in  charge,  one 
architect,  and  three  draiightsmen  temporarily  employed,  and  twenty-three  clerks. 
The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  charged  with  the  general  supervision  of  the 
fiscal  transactions  of  the  Government,  and  of  the  execution  of  the  laws  concern 
ing  the  commerce  and  navigation  of  the  United  States.  He  superintends  the 
survey  of  the  coast,  the  light-house  establishment,  the  marine  hospitals  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  construction  of  certain  public  buildings  for  custom-houses 
and  other  purposes. 

FIRST  COMPTROLLER'S  OFFICE. 

Comptroller  and  fifteen  clerks.  He  prescribes  the  mode  of  keeping  and  ren 
dering  accounts  for  the  civil  and  diplomatic  service,  as  well  as  the  public  lands, 
and  revises  and  certifies  the  balances  arcing  thereon. 

SECOND  COMPTROLLER'S  OFFICE. 

Comptroller  and  seventeen  clerks.  He  prescribes  the  mode  of  keeping  and 
rendering  the  accounts  of  the  army,  navy,  and  Indian  departments  of  the  public 
service,  and  revises  and  certifies  the  balances  arising  thereon. 

OFFICE    OF    COMMISSIONER    OF    THE    CUSTOMS. 

Commissioner  and  eleven  clerks.  He  prescribes  the  mode  of  keeping  and 
rendering  the  accounts  of  the  customs  revenue  and  disbursements,  and  for  the 
building  and  repairing  custom-houses,  etc.,  and  revises  and  certifies  the  balances 
arising  thereon. 

FIRST  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 

First  Auditor  and  nineteen  clerks.  He  receives  and  adjusts  the  accounts  of 
the  customs  revenue  and  disbursements,  appropriations  and  expenditures  on 
account  of  the  civil  list  and  under  private  acts  of  Congress,  and  reports  the 
balances  to  the  Commissioner  of  the  Customs  and  the  First  Comptroller,  respec 
tively,  for  their  decision  thereon. 


APPENDIX.  129 


SECOND    AUDITOR  S    OFFICE. 

Second  Auditor  and  twenty-one  clerks.  He  receives  and  adjusts  all  accounts 
relating  to  the  pay,  clothing,  and  recruiting  of  the  army,  as  well  as  armories, 
arsenals,  and  ordnance,  and  all  accounts  relating  to  the  Indian  Department,  and 
reports  the  balances  to  the  Second  Comptroller  for  his  decision  thereon. 

THIRD  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 

Third  Auditor  and  seventy-eight  clerks.  He  receives  and  adjusts  all  accounts 
for  subsistence  of  the  army,  fortifications,  Military  Academy,  military  roads,  and 
the  Quartermaster's  department,  as  well  as  for  pensions,  chums  arising  from 
military  services  previous  to  181G,  and  for  horses  and  other  property  lost  in  the 
military  service,  under  various  acts  of  Congress,  and  reports  the  balances  to  the 
Second  Comptroller  for  his  decision  thereon. 

FOURTH  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 

'Fourth  Auditor  and  sixteen  clerks.  He  receives  and  adjusts  all  accounts  for 
the  service  of  the  Navy  Department,  and  reports  the  balances  to  the  Second 
Comptroller  for  his  decision  thereon. 

FIFTH  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 

Fifth  Auditor  and  six  clerks.  He  receives  and  adjusts  all  accounts  for  diplo 
matic  and  similar  services  performed  under  the  direction  of  the  State  Depart 
ment,  and  reports  the  balances  to  the  First  Comptroller  for  his  decision  thereon. 

SIXTH  AUDITOR'S  OFFICE. 

Auditor  of  the  Treasury  for  the  Post-office  Department  and  one  hundred  and 
fourteen  clerks.  He  receives  and  adjusts  all  accounts  arising  from  the  service 
of  the  Post-office  Department.  His  decisions  are  final,  unless  an  appeal  be 
taken  in  twelve  months  to  the  First  Comptroller.  He  superintends  the  collec 
tion  of  all  debts  due  the  Post-office  Department,  and  all  penalties  and  forfeit 
ures  imposed  on  postmasters  and  mail  contractors  for  failing  to  do  their  duty; 
he  directs  suits  and  legal  proceedings,  civil  and  criminal,  and  takes  all  such 
measures  as  may  be  authorized  by  law  to  enforce  the  prompt  payment  of  moneys 
due  to  the  department ;  instructing  United  States  attorneys,  marshals,  and  clerks 
in  all  matters  relating  thereto;  and  receives  returns  from  each  term  of  the  United 
States  Courts  of  the  condition  and  progress  of  such  suits  and  legal  proceedings ; 
has  charge  of  all  lands  and  other  property  assigned  to  the  United  States  in  pay 
ment  of  debts  due  the  Post-office  Department,  and  has  power  to  sell  and  dis 
pose  of  the  same  for  the  benefit  of  the  United  States. 

TREASURER'S  OFFICE. 

Treasurer  and  thirteen  clerks.  He  receives  and  keeps  the  moneys  of  the 
United  States  in  his  own  office,  and  that  of  the  depositories,  created  by  the  Act 
of  August  6,  1846,  and  pays  out  the  same  upon  warrants  drawn  by  the  Secre 
tary  of  the  Treasury,  countersigned  by  the  First  Comptroller,  and  upon  warrants 

9* 


130  APPENDIX. 

drawn  by  the  Postmaster-General,  and  countersigned  by  the  Sixth  Auditor,  and 
recorded  by  the  Register.  He  also  holds  public  moneys  advanced  by  warrant 
to  disbursing  officers,  and  pays  out  the  same  upon  their  checks. 

REGISTER'S  OFFICE. 

Eegister  and  twenty-nine  clerks.  He  keeps  the  accounts  of  public  receipts 
and  expenditures  ;  receives  the  returns  and  makes  out  the  official  statement  of 
commerce  and  navigation  of  the  United  States;  and  receives  from  the  First 
Comptroller  and  Commissioner  of  Customs  all  accounts  and  vouchers  decided 
by  them,  and  is  charged  by  law  with  their  safe  keeping. 

SOLICITOR'S  OFFICE. 

Solicitor  and  six  clerks.  He  superintends  all  civil  suits  commenced  by  the 
United  States,  (except  those  arising  in  the  Post-office  Department,}  and  instructs 
the  United  States  attorneys,  marshals,  and  clerks  in  all  matters  relating  to  them 
and  their  results.  He  receives  returns  from  each  term  of  the  United  States 
Courts,  showing  the  progress  and  condition  of  such  suits ;  has  charge  of  all  lands 
and  other  property  assigned  to  the  United  States  in  payment  of  debts,  (except 
those  assigned  in  payment  of  debts  due  the  Post-office  Department,)  and  has 
power  to  sell  and  dispose  of  the  same  for  the  benefit  of  the  United  States. 

LIGHT-HOUSE   BOARD. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  ex-officio  President;  Com.  W.  B.  Shubrick,  United 
States  Navy,  Chairman ;  Major  A.  IT.  Bowman,  Corps  of  Engineers,  United 
States  Army,  Capt.  A.  A.  Humphreys,  United  States  Army,  Prof.  A.  D.  Bache, 
Superintendent  of  Coast  Survey,  Prof.  Joseph  Henry,  Secretary  of  Smithsonian 
Institution,  Com.  E.  G.Tilton,  United  States  Navy,  Com.  Thornton  A.Jenkins, 
United  States  Navy,  and  Capt.  William  B.  Franklin,  United  States  Army,  Secre 
taries  ;  and  five  clerks.  This  board  directs  the  building  and  repairing  of  light 
houses,  light-vessels,  buoys,  and  beacons,  contracts  for  supplies  of  oil,  etc. 

UNITED    STATES    COAST   SURVEY. 

Prof.  A.  D.  Bache,  LL.D.,  Superintendent,  and  Superintendent  of  Weights 
and  Measures ;  Capt.  William  R.  Palmer,  Corps  Topographical  Engineers,  United 
States  Army;  Lieut.  A.  P.  Hill,  United  States  Army,  assistant,  in  charge  of  the 
Coast  Sifrvey  Office.  The  other  officers  are: — A  chief  clerk,  clerk  in  charge  of 
archives,  computer  of  longitudes,  clerk  in  charge  of  computing  division,  assistant 
clerk  in  charge  of  tidal  division,  United  States  officer  in  charge  of  drawing  divi 
sion,  United  States  officer  in  charge  of  engraving  division,  a  disbursing  agent, 
an  electrotypist.  and  an  assistant  to  superintendent  of  weights  and  measures. 


APPENDIX.  131 


POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

Postmaster-General.  The  direction  and  management  of  the  Post- office  De 
partment  are  assigned  by  the  Constitution  and  laws  to  the  Postmaster-General. 
That  its  business  may  be  the  more  conveniently  arranged  and  prepared  for  his 
final  action,  it  is  distributed  among  several  bureaus,  as  follows : — The  Appoint 
ment  Office,  in  charge  of  the  First  Assistant  Postmaster-General ;  the  Contract 
Office,  in  charge  of  the  Second  Assistant  Postmaster-General;  the  Finance 
Office,  in  charge  of  the  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General ;  and  the  Inspec 
tion  Office,  in  charge  of  the  Chief  Clerk. 


AJTOINTMKST     OFFICE. 

First  Assistant  Postmaster-General  and  nineteen  clerks.  To  this  office  are 
assigned  all  questions  which  relate  to  the  establishment  and  discontinuance  of 
post-offices,  changes  of  sites  and  names,  appointment  and  removal  of  postmas 
ters,  and  route  and  local  agents,  as,  also,  the  giving  of  instructions  to  postmas 
ters.  Postmasters  are  furnished  with  marking  and  rating  stamps  and  letter 
balances  by  this  bureau,  which  is  charged  also  with  providing  blanks  and  sta 
tionery  for  the  use  of  the  Department,  and  with  the  superintendence  of  the 
several  agencies  established  for  supplying  postmasters  with  blanks.  To  this 
bureau  is  likewise  assigned  the  supervision  of  the  ocean  .mail  steamship  lines,  and 
of  the  foreign  and  international  postal  arrangements. 

CONTRACT    OFFICE. 

Second  Assistant  Postmaster-General  and  twenty-six  clerks.  To  this  office 
is  assigned  the  business  of  arranging  the  mail  service  of  the  United  States,  and 
placing  the  same  under  contract,  embracing  all  correspondence  and  proceedings 
respecting  the  frequency  of  trips,  mode  of  conveyance,  and  times  of  departures 
and  arrivals  on  all  the  routes ;  the  course  of  the  mail  between  the  different  sec 
tions  of  the  country,  the  points  of  mail  distribution,  and  the  regulations  for  the 
government  of  the  domestic  mail  service  of  the  United  States.  It  prepares  the 
advertisements  for  mail  proposals,  receives  the  bids,  and  takes  charge  of  the 
annual  and  occasional  mail  lettings,  and  the  adjustment  and  execution  of  the 
contracts.  All  applications  for  the  establishment  or  alteration  of  mail  arrange 
ments,  and  the  appointment  of  mail  messengers,  should  be  sent  to  this  office. 
All  claims  should  be  submitted  to  it  for  transportation  service  not  under  contract, 
as  the  recognition  of  said  service  is  first  to  be  obtained  through  the  Contract 
Office  as  a  necessary  authority  for  the  proper  credits  at  the  Auditor's  office. 
From  this  office  all  postmasters  at  the  ends  of  routes  receive  the  statement  of 
mail  arrangements  prescribed  for  the  respective  routes.  It  reports  weekly  to  the 
Auditor  all  contracts  executed,  and  all  orders  affecting  accounts  for  mail  trans 
portation;  prepares  the  statistical  exhibits  of  the  mail  service,  and  the  reports 
of  the  mail  lettings,  giving  a  statement  of  each  bid ;  also,  of  the  contracts  made, 
the  new  service  originated,  the  curtailments  ordered,  and  the  additional  allow 
ances  granted  within  the  year. 


132  APPENDIX. 


FINANCE   OFFICE. 

Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General  and  twenty-one  clerks.  To  tins  office  are 
assigned  the  supervision  and  management  of  the  financial  business  of  the  De 
partment,  not  devolved  by  law  upon  the  Auditor,  embracing  accounts  with  the 
draft  offices  and  other  depositories  of  the  Department,  the  issuing  of  warrants 
and  drafts  in  payment  of  balances,  reported  by  the  Auditor  to  be  due  to  mail 
contractors  and  other  persons,  the  supervision  of  the  accounts  of  offices  under 
orders  to  deposit  their  quarterly  balances  at  designated  points,  and  the  superin 
tendence  of  the  rendition  by  postmasters  of  their  quarterly  returns  of  postages. 
It  has  charge  of  the  dead-letter  office,  of  the  issuing  of  postage  stamps  and 
stamped  envelopes  for  the  prepayment  of  postage,  and  of  the  accounts  con 
nected  therewith. 

To  the  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General  all  postmasters  should  direct  their 
quarterly  returns  of  postage ;  those  at  draft  offices  their  letters  reporting  quar 
terly  the  net  proceeds  of  their  offices;  and  those  at  depositing  offices  their  cer 
tificates  of  deposit;  to  him  should  also  be  directed  the  weekly  and  monthly 
returns  of  the  depositaries  of  the  Department,  as  well  as  all  applications  and 
receipts  for  postage  stamps  and  stamped  envelopes,  and  for  dead-letters. 

INSPECTION   OFFICE. 

Chief  clerk  and  seventeen  clerks.  To  this  office  is  assigned  the  duty  of 
receiving  and  examining  the  registers  of  the  arrivals  and  departures  of  the 
mails,  certificates  of  the  service  of  route  agents,  and  reports  of  mail  failures ;  of 
noting  the  delinquencies  of  contractors,  and  preparing  cases  thereon  for  the 
action  of  the  Postmaster-General ;  furnishing  blanks  for  mail  registers,  and  re 
ports  of  mail  failures ;  providing  and  sending  out  mail-bags  and  mail-locks  and 
keys,  and  doing  all  other  things  which  may  be  necessary  to  secure  a  faithful  and 
exact  performance  of  all  mail  contracts. 

All  cases  of  mail  depredation,  of  violation  of  law  by  private  expresses,  or  by 
the  forging  or  illegal  use  of  postage  stamps,  are  under  the  supervision  of  this 
office,  and  should  be  reported  to  it. 

All  communications  respecting  lost  money,  letters,  mail  depredations,  or  other 
violations  of  law,  or  mail-locks  and  keys,  should  be  directed,  "Chief  Clerk,  Post- 
office  Department." 

All  registers  of  the  arrivals  and  departures  of  the  mails,  certificates  of  the 
service  of  route  agents,  reports  of  mail  failures,  applications  for  blank  registers, 
and  reports  of  failures,  and  all  complaints  against  contractors  for  irregular  or 
imperfect  service,  should  be  directed,  "Inspection-office,  Post-office  Depart 
ment." 


APPENDIX.  1 . ;  ; 


NAVY  DEPARTMENT. 

The  Navy  Department  consists  of  the  Navy  Department  proper,  being  tho 
office  of  the  Secretary  and  of  five  bureaus  attached  thereto,  viz.:  Bureau  of 
Navy-yards  and  Docks;  Bureau  of  Construction,  Equipment,  and  Repair;  Bu 
reau  of  Provisions  and  Clothing;  Bureau  of  Ordnance  and  Hydrography;  and 
the  Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  duties  of  each  of  these  offices  and  of  the 
force  employed  therein  : — 

SECRETARY'S  OFFICE. 

Secretary  of  the  Navy,  chief  clerk,  and  eleven  clerk?.  The  Secretary  of  the 
Navy  has  charge  of  everything  connected  with  the  naval  establishment,  and  the 
execution  of  all  laws  relating  thereto  is  intrusted  to  him,  under  the  general  direc 
tion  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  who,  by  the  Constitution,  is  Com- 
mander-in-Chief  of  the  Army  and  Navy.  All  instructions  to  commanders  of 
squadrons,  and  commanders  of  vessels,  all  orders  of  officers,  commissions  of  offi 
cers  both  in  the  navy  and  marine  corps,  appoint  moats  of  commissioned  and  war 
rant  officers,  orders  for  the  enlistment  and  discharge  of  seamen,  emanate  from 
the  Secretary's  office.  All  the  duties  of  the  different  bureaus  are  performed  under 
the  authority  of  the  Secretary,  and  their  orders  are  considered  as  emanating  from 
him.  The  general  superintendence  of  the  marine  corps  forms,  also,  a  part  of  the 
duties  of  the  Secretary,  and  all  the  orders  of  the  commandant  of  that  corps 
should  be  approved  by  him. 

BUREAU  OF  NAVY-YARDS  AND  DOCKS. 

Commodore  Joseph  Smith,  chief  of  the  bureau,  four  clerks,  one  civil  engineer, 
and  one  draughtsman.  All  the  navy-yards,  docks,  and  wharves,  buildings  and 
machmery  in  navy-yards,  and  everything  immediately  connected  with  them,  are 
under  the  superintendence  of  this  bureau.  It  is  also  charged  with  the  manage 
ment  of  the  Naval  Asylum. 
• 

BUREAU  OF  CONSTRUCTION*,  EQUIPMENT,  AND  REPAIR. 

Chief  of  the  bureau,  eight  clerks,  and  one  draughtsman.  The  office  of  the 
Engineer-in-Chief  of  the  Navy  is  attached  to  this  bureau,  who  is  assisted  by 
three  assistant  engineers.  This  bureau  has  charge  of  the  building  and  repairs  of 
all  vessels-of-war,  purchase  of  materials,  and  the  providing  of  all  vessels  with 
their  equipments,  as  sails,  anchors,  water-tanks,  etc.  The  Engineer-in-Chief 
superintends  the  construction  of  all  marine  steam-engines  for  the  navy,  and, 
with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary,  decides  upon  plans  for  their  construction. 

BUREAU    OF    PROVISIONS    AND    CLOTHING. 

Purser,  United  States  Navy,  chief  of  bureau,  and  four  clerks.  All  provisions 
for  the  use  of  the  navy,  and  clothing,  together  with  the  making  of  contracts  for 
furnishing  the  same,  come  under  the  charge  of  this  bureau. 


134  APPENDIX. 


BUREAU  OF  ORDNANCE  AND  HYDROGRAPHY. 

Captain  Duncan  Ingraham,  chief  of  bureau,  four  clerks,  and  one  draughtsman. 
This  bureau  has  charge  of  all  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores,  the  manufacture  or 
purchase  of  cannon,  guns,  powder,  shot,  shells,  etc.,  and  the  equipment  of  vessels- 
of-war,  with  everything  connected  therewith.  It  also  provides  them  with  maps, 
charts,  chronometers,  barometers,  etc.,  together  with  such  books  as  are  furnished 
ships-of-wrar.  "The  United  States  Naval  Observatory  and  Hydrographical 
Office,"  at  "Washington,  and  the  Naval  Academy,  at  Annapolis,  are  also  under 
the  general  superintendence  of  the  chief  of  this  bureau. 

BUREAU  OF  MEDICINE  AND  SURGERY. 

Dr.  William  "Whelan,  Surgeon,  United  States  Navy,  chief  of  bureau,  one  passed 
assistant  surgeon  United  States  Navy,  and  two  clerks.  Everything  relating  to 
medicines  and  medical  stores,  treatment  of  sick  and  wounded,  and  management 
of  hospitals,  comes  within  the  superintendence  of  this  bureau. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT. 

Secretary  of  War,  chief  clerk,  seven  subordinate  clerks,  two  messengers,  and 
four  watchmen.     The  following  bureaus  are  attached  to  this  Department : — 


COMMANDING    GENERALS    OFFICE. 

This  office,  at  the  head  of  which  is  Lieutenant-General  Scott,  is  at  New 
York. 

ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S  OFFICE. 

Colonel  Samuel  Cooper,  Adjutant-General.  Assistants:  Brevet-Major  E.  D. 
Townsend,  Brevet-Captain  S.  Williams,  and  Brevet-Captain  J.  P.  Garesche. 
Judge- Advocate,  Brevet-Major  John  F.  Lee;  nine  clerks  and  one  messenger.  In 
this  office  are  kept  all  the  records  which  refer  to  the  personel  of  the  army,  the 
rolls,  etc.  It  is  here  where  all  military  commissions  are  made  out. 

QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL'S  OFFICE. 

Brevet-Major-General  T.  S.  Jesup,  Quartermaster-General.  Assistants: — 
Colonel  C.Thomas,  Captain  M.  S.  Miller,  and  Brevet-Mpjor  J.  Belger;  eleven 
clerks,  and  one  messenger. 

PAYMASTER-GENERAL'S  OFFICE. 

Colonel  B.  F.  Lamed,  Paymaster-General;  Major  T.  J.  Leslie,  District  Pay 
master  ;  eight  clerks,  and  one  messenger. 


APPENDIX.  I:;.", 


COMMISSARY-iiKNERAL  S    OFFICE. 


General  George  Gibson,  Commissary-General;  Assistant:  Captain  M.  D.  L. 
Simpson  ;  six  clerks,  and  one  messenger. 


SI  RGEON-QENERALS    OFFICE. 


General  Thomas  Lawson,  Surgeon-General;  Assistants  :  Dr.  R.  C.  Wood,  and 
Dr.  G.  K.  Wood  ;  three  clerks. 


ENGINEERS    OFFICE. 


General  Joseph  G.  Totten,  Chief  Engineer;  Assistant :  Captain  II.  G.  Wright ; 
five  clerks,  and  one  messenger. 


TOrOORAI'im'AL    BUREAU. 


Colonel  J.  J.  Abert,  colonel  of  the  corps ;  Assistant :  Captain  J.  C.  Wood 
ruff;  four  clerks,  and  one  messenger. 


ORDNANCE    BUREAU. 


Colonel  II.  II.  Craig,  Colonel  of  Ordnance  ;  Assistant :  Captain  William  May- 
nadier ;  eight  clerks,  and  one  messenger. 


136  APPENDIX. 


THE 


SEVERAL   STATES  AND  TERRITORIES 


AMERICAN  UNION. 


THE  THIRTEEN  ORIGINAL  STATES  THAT  FORMED  AND 
CONFIRMED  THE  UNION,  BY  THE  ADOPTION  OF  THE 
CONSTITUTION,  ARE  AS  FOLLOWS:— 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

FIRST  settled  at  Dover  and  Portsmouth,  in  1623. 

Embraced  under  the  charters  of  Massachusetts,  and  continued  under  the  same 
jurisdiction  until  September  18,  1679,  when  a  separate  charter  and  government  was 
granted.  A  Constitution  was  formed  January  5,  1776,  which  was  altered  in  1784, 
and  was  further  altered  and  amended  February  13,  1792. 

This  State  ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  June  21,  1788. 

Area,  9280  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  317,976. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

First  settled  at  Plymouth,  by  English  Puritans  from  Holland,  who  landed  Decem 
ber  22,  1620. 

Chartered  March  4,  1629;  also  chartered  January  13,  1630;  an  explanatory 
charter  granted  August  20,  1726;  and  more  completely  chartered  October  7,  1731. 
Formed  a  Constitution  March  2,  1780,  which  was  altered  and  amended  November  3, 
1820. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  February  6,  1788. 

Area,  7500  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  994,514. 

RHODE   ISLAND. 

Embraced  under  the  charters  of  Massachusetts,  and  continued  under  the  same 
jurisdiction  until  July  8,  1662,  when  a  separate  charter  was  granted,  which  continued 
in  force  until  a  Constitution  was  formed,  September,  1842. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  May  29,  1790. 

Area,  1360  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  147,545. 


APPENDIX.  |:;7 


CONNECTICUT. 

Embraced  under  the  charters  of  Massachusetts,  nnd  continued  under  the  same 
jurisdiction  until  April  23,  1002,  when  a  separate  charter  was  granted,  which  con 
tinued  in  force  until  a  Constitution  was  formed,  September  15,  1818. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  January  9,  1788. 

Area,  4C74  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  370,702. 

NEW  YORK. 

Granted  to  Duke  of  York,  March  20,  1064,  April  20,  1CC4,  and  June  24,  1G64. 
Newly  patented  February  9,  1074;  formed  a  Constitution  April  20,  1777,  which  was 
amended  October  27,  1801,  and  further  amended  November  10,  1821.  A  new  Con 
stitution  was  formed  in  1846. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  July  20,  1788. 

Area,  47,000  square  miles.     Population  iu  1850,  3,097,394. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Held  under  same  grants  as  New  York  ;  separated  into  East  and  West  Jersey  March 
3,  1677.  The  government  surrendered  to  the  Crown  in  1702,  and  so  continued  until 
the  formation  of  a  Constitution,  July  2,  1770. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  December  18,  1787. 

Area,  8320  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  489,555. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Chartered  February  28,  1081;  formed  a  Constitution  September  28,  1770; 
amended,  September  2,  1790. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  December  12,  1787. 
Area,  40,000  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  2,311,780. 

DELAWARE. 

Embraced  in  the  charter,  and  continued  under  the  government  of  Pennsylvania 
until  the  formation  of  a  Constitution,  September  20,  1770;  a  new  Constitution  formed 
June  12,  1792. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  December  7,  1787. 

Area,  2120  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  91,532. 

MARYLAND. 

Chartered  June  20,  1032;  formed  a  Constitution  August.  14,  1770,  which  was 
amended  in  1795  and  1799,  and  further  amended  in  November,  1812. 
Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  April  28,  1788. 
Area,  9350  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  583,034. 

VIRGINIA. 

Chartered  April  10,  1000,  May  23,  1609,  and  March  12,  1612;  formed  a  Consti 
tution  July  5,  1770;  amended,  January  15,  1830. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  June  20,  1788. 
Area,  01,352  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  1,421,001. 


138  APPENDIX. 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Chartered  March  20,  1GG3,  and  June  30,  1665;  formed  a  Constitution  December 
18,  1776,  which  was  amended  in  1835. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  November  21,  1789. 
Area,  50,704  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  869,039. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Embraced  in  the  charters  of  Carolina  or  North  Carolina,  from  which  it  was  sepa 
rated  in  1729;  formed  a  Constitution  March  26,  1776,  which  was  amended  March  19, 
1778,  and  June  3,  1790. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  May  23,  1788. 

Area,  29,585  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  668,507. 

GEORGIA. 

Chartered  June  9,  1732;  formed  a  Constitution  February  5,  1777,  a  second  in 
1785,  and  a  third  May  30,  1798. 

Ratified  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  January  2,  1788. 
Area,  58,000  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  906,185. 


THE  STATES  ADMITTED  INTO  THE  UNION,  SINCE  THE 
ADOPTION  OP  THE  FEDERAL  CONSTITUTION,  ARE 
AS  FOLLOWS:— 

VERMONT. 

Formed  from  territory  of  New  York. 

Admitted  March  4,  1791. 

A  Constitution  adopted  July  9,  1793. 

Area,  10,212  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  314,120. 

KENTUCKY. 

Formed  from  territory  of  Virginia. 

Admitted  June  1,  1792. 

A  Constitution  laid  before  Congress  November  7,  1792. 

A  new  Constitution  adopted  August  17,  1799. 

Area,  37,680  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  982,405. 

TENNESSEE. 

Formed  from  territory  of  North  Carolina. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  February  6,  1796. 

Admitted  June  1,  1796. 

Area,  45,600  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  1,002,717. 


APPENDIX.  139 


OHIO. 

Formed  from  Northwest  territory. 
Adopted  a  Constitution  November  1,  1802. 
Admitted  November  29,  1802. 
Area,  39,904  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  1,980,329. 

LOUISIANA. 

Formed  from  French  territory. 
Adopted  a  Constitution  January  22,  1812. 
Admitted  April  8,  1812. 
Area,  41,225  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  517,762. 

INDIANA. 

Formed  from  Northwest  territory. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  June  29,  1810. 

Admitted  December  11,  1510. 

Area,  33,809  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  988,410. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Formed  from  territory  of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  March  1,  1817. 

Admitted  December  10,  1817. 

Area,  47,156  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  006,526. 

ILLINOIS. 

Formed  from  Northwest  territory. 
Adopted  a  Constitution  August  20,  1818. 
Admitted  December  3,  1818. 
Area,  55,409  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  851,470. 

ALABAMA. 

Formed  from  territory  of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  August  2,  1819. 

Admitted  December  14,  1819. 

Area,  50,722  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  771,623. 

MAINE. 

Formed  from  territory  of  Massachusetts. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  October  29,  1819. 

Admitted  March  15,  1820. 

Area,  31,766  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  583,169. 

MISSOURI. 

Formed  from  French  territory. 
Adopted  a  Constitution  July  19,  1820. 
Admitted  August  10,  1821. 
Area,  67,380  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  682,044. 


140  APPENDIX. 


ARKANSAS. 

Formed  from  French  territory. 

Presented  a  Constitution  March  1,  1836. 

Admitted  June  15,  1836. 

Area,  52,198  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  209,897. 

MICHIGAN. 

Formed  from  territory  originally  belonging  to  Virginia. 
Presented  a  memorial  for  admission  January  25,  1833. 
Admitted  January  26,  1837. 
Area,  56,243  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  397,654. 

FLORIDA. 

Formed  from  Spanish  territory. 

Presented  a  Constitution  February  20,  1839. 

Admitted  March  3,  1845. 

Area,  59,268  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  87,445. 

TEXAS. 

Was  an  Independent  Republic. 

Admitted  December  29,  1845. 

Area,  237,504  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  212,592. 

WISCONSIN. 

Formed  from  Indian  territory. 

Adopted  a  Constitution  January  21,  1847. 

Admitted  May  29,  1848. 

Area  53,924  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  305,391. 

IOWA. 

Foi'med  from  Indian  territory. 

Presented  a  Constitution  December  9,  1844. 

Admitted  December  28,  1846. 

Area,  50,914  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  192,214. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Formed  from  Mexican  territory. 

Admitted  September  9,  1850. 

Area,  188,982  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  92,597. 

MINNESOTA. 

Formed  from  Indian  territory. 

Admitted  May  11,  1858. 

Area,  166,025  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  6077. 


APPENDIX.  141 


TERRITORIES    OP    THE    UXITED    STATES. 


OREGON. 

Organized  August  14,  1848. 

Area,  185,030  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  13,204. 

UTAH. 

Organized  September  9,  1850. 

Area,  259,170  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  11,380. 

NEW  MEXICO. 

Organized  September  9,  1850. 

Area,  207,007  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  Gl,547. 

WASHINGTON. 

Organized  November  2,  1853. 

Area,  123,022  square  miles.     No  census. 

NEBRASKA. 

Organized  May  30,  1854. 

Area,  335,882  square  miles.     No  census. 

KANSAS. 

Established  May  30,  1854. 

Area,  114,798  square  miles.     No  census. 


142  APPENDIX. 


DISTRICT     OF     COLUMBIA. 

Established  under  the  first  Article  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States:  — 
"  Congress  shall  have  power  to  exercise  exclusive  legislation  in  all  cases  whatsoever, 
over  such  district  (not  exceeding  ten  miles  square)  as  may,  by  cession  of  particular 
States,  and  the  acceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat  of  the  Government  of  the 
United  States,"  etc.  In  pursuance  of  which  provision  the  State  of  Maryland,  De 
cember  23,  1788,  passed  "An  act  to  cede  to  Congress  a  district  of  ten  miles  square 
in  this  State,  for  the  seat  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States." 

And  the  State  of  Virginia,  December  3,  1789,  passed  "An  act  for  the  cession  of 
ten  miles  square,  or  any  lesser  quantity  of  territory  within  this  State,  to  the  United 
States  in  Congress  assembled,  for  the  permanent  seat  of  the  General  Government." 

These  cessions  were  accepted  by  Congress,  as  required  by  the  Constitution,  and 
the  permanent  seat  of  government  established  by  the  "Act  for  establishing  the  tem 
porary  and  permanent  seat  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,"  approved 
July  16,  1790;  and  the  act  to  amend  the  same,  approved  March  3,  1791. 

The  district  of  ten  miles  square  was  accordingly  located,  and  its  lines  and  bound 
aries  particularly  established  by  a  proclamation  of  George  Washington,  President 
of  the  United  States,  March  30,  1791,  and  by  the  "Act  concerning  the  District  of 
Columbia,"  approved  February  27,  1801,  Congress  assumed  complete  jurisdiction 
over  the  said  District,  as  contemplated  by  the  framers  of  the  Constitution. 

Area,  50  square  miles.     Population  in  1850,  51,G87. 


APPENDIX. 


11:; 


PROGRESS  OF  POPULATION  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

FROM    1790   TO    1850. 


First  Census,  August  1,  1790. 

Whiten.          Free  Colored. 

FreeStates 1,000,772         26,831 

Slave  States...,  1,271,692         32,635 


Slaves. 

40,850 

645,047 


Total 3,172,464        59,446 

Second  Census,  August  1,  18^0. 

FreeStates 2,601,50!)        47,154 

SlaveStates 1,702,980         61,211 


35,946 

857,095 


Third  Census,  August  1,  1810. 

FreeStates 3,653,219         78,181 

SlaveStates 2,208,785       108,265 


27,510 
1,163,854 


Total 5,862,004       186,446       1,191,364 


Fourth  Census,  August  I,  1820. 

FreeStates 5,030,371       102.893 

SlaveStates ,     2,842,340       135,434 


19,108 
1,524,580 


Total. 


Fifth  Census,  June  1,  1830. 

FreeStates 6,876,620       137,529 

SlaveStates .     3,660,758       182,070 


3,568 
2,005,475 


Total 10,537,378       319,599 

Sixth  Census,  June  1,  1840. 

FreeStates 9,557,065       170,727 

Slave  States....  4,632,640       215,568 


1,129 
2,486,226 


Seventh  Census,  June  1,  1850. 

FreeStates 13,330,650       196,308 

SlaveStates...  6,222,418       238,187 


262 
3,204,051 


Total. 

1,968,453 
1,961,374 


697,897         3,929,827 


2,684,609 
2,621,310 


Total 4,304,489       108,395          893,041         5,305,925 


3,758,910 
3,480,904 


5,152,372 
4,502,224 


7,872,711       238,197       1,543,688        9,654,596 


7,017,717 
5,848,303 


2,009,043       12,866,020 


9,728,921 
7,334,434 


Total 14,189,705       386,295       2,487,355       17,063,355 


13,527,220 
9,664,654 


Total...         19,553,068   434,495   3,204,313   23,191,874 


144 


APPENDIX. 


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THE 

STATE   AND   TERRITORIAL   GOVERNORS, 

SINCE   THE   ADOPTION 

OF    THE 

FEDERAL   CONSTITUTION. 


William  King 1820  1821 

Albion  K.  Parris 1821  1820 

Enoch  Lincoln 1826  1830 

Jonathan  G.  Hunton 1830  1831 

Samuel  E.  Smith 1831  1833 

Robert  P.  Dunlap 1833  1838 

Edward  Kent 1838  1839 

John  Fairneld 1839  1840 

Edward  Kent 1840  1841 

John  Fairneld 1841  1843 

Edward  Kavanagh,  (acting).  1843  1844 

Hugh  J.  Anderson 1844  1847 

John  W.  Dana 1847  1850 

John  Hubbard 1850  1853 

William  G.  Crosby 1853  1855 

Anson  P.  Morrill 1855  1857 

Hannibal  Hamlin 1857  1857 

Joseph  H.  Williams 1857  1858 

Lot  M.  Morrill 1858  1859 

Salary,  $1500. 

Term,  one  year. 

Seat  of  Government,  Augusta. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

FROM  TO 

Josiah  Bartlett 1792  1794 

John  Taylor  Oilman 1794  1805 

John  Langdon 1805  1809 

Jeremiah  Smith 1809  1810 

John  Langdon 1810  1812 

William  Plumer 1812  1813 

John  Taylor  Oilman 1813  1816 

William  Plumer 1816  1819 

Samuel  Bell 1819  1823 

Levi  Woodbury 1823  1824 

David  L.  Morrill 1824  1827 

Benjamin  Pierce 1827  1830 

Matthew  Harvey 1830  1831 

Samuel  Dinsmoor 1831  1834 

William  Badger 1834  1836 

Isaac  Hill 1836  1839 

John  Page 1839  1842 

Henry  Hubbard 1842  1844 

John  II.  Steele 1844  1846 

Anthony  Colby 1846  1847 

Jared  W.  Williams 1847  1849 

Samuel  Dinsmoor...,  ..  1849  1852, 


(147) 


148 


APPENDIX. 


Noah  Martin 1852  1854 

Nathaniel  B.  Baker 1854  1855 

Ralph  Metcalf 1855  1856 

"  1856  1857 

William  Haile 1857  1858 

«      (re-elected)...  1858  1859 

Salary,  $1000. 

Term,  one  year. 

Seat  of  Government,  Concord. 


VERMONT. 

Moses  Robinson 1789  1790 

Thomas  Chittenden 1790  1797 

Isaac  Tichenor 1797  1807 

Israel  Smith 1807  1808 

Isaac  Tichenor 1808  1809 

Galusha  Jones 1809  1813 

Martin  Chittenden 1813  1815 

Galusha  Jones 1815  1820 

Richard  Skinner 1820  1823 

C.  P.  Van  Ness 1823  1826 

Ezra  Butler 1826  1828 

Samuel  C.  Crafts 1828  1831 

William  A.  Palmer 1831  1835 

Silas  A.  Jenison 1835  1841 

Charles  Paine 1841  1843 

John  Mattocks 1843  1844 

William  Slade 1844  1846 

Horace  Eaton 1846  1849 

Charles  Coolidge  1849  1850 

Charles  K.  Williams 1850  1852 

Erastus  Fairbanks 1852  1853 

John  S.  Robinson 1853  1854 

Stephen  Royce 1854  1856 

Ryland  Fletcher 1856  1858 

Salary,  $1000. 

Term,  one  year. 

Seat  of  Government,  Montpelier. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

FROM  TO 

John  Hancock 1789  1794 

Samuel  Adams 1794  1797 

Increase  Sumner 1797  1799 

Caleb  Strong 1800  1807 

James  Sullivan 1807  1808 

Christopher  Gore 1809  1810 

Elbridge  Gerry 1810  1812 

Caleb  Strong 1812  1816 

John  Brooks 1816  1823 

William  Eustis 1823  1825 

Levi  Lincoln 1825  1834 

JohnDavis 1834  1836 

Edward  Everett 1836  1840 

Marcus  Morton 1840  1841 

JohnDavis 1841  1843 

Marcus  Morton 1843  1844 

George  N.  Briggs 1844  1851 

George  S.  Boutwell 1851  1853 

John  H.  Cliiford 1853  1854 

Emory  Washburn 1854  1855 

Henry  J.  Gardner 1855  1858 

Nathaniel  P.  Banks  1858  1859 

Salary,  $3500. 

Term,  one  year. 

Seat  of  Government,  Boston. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Arthur  Fenner 1789  1805 

Henry  Smith 1805  1806 

Isaac  Wilburn 1806  1807 

James  Fenner 1807  1811 

William  Jones 1811  1817 

Nehemiah  Knight 1817  1821 

William  C.  Gibbs 1821  1824 

William  Findlay 1824  1831 

Lemuel  H.  Arnold...  ..  1831  1832 


APPENDIX. 


149 


John  B.  Francis 1833  1838 

William  Sprague 1838  1840 

Samuel  W.  King 1840  1842 

James  Fcnner 1842  1844 

Charles  Jackson 1844  1845 

Byran  Diman 1846  1847 

Elisha  Harris 1847  1849 

Henry  B.  Anthony 1849  1851 

Philip  Allen 1851  1854 

William  W.  Hoppin 1854  1857 

Elisha  Dyer 1857  1859 

Salary,  $1000. 
Term,  one  year. 

Scats   of    Government,   Newport   and 
Providence. 


CONNECTICUT. 

Samuel  Iluntington 1785  1796 

Oliver  Wolcott 1796  1798 

Jonathan  Trumbull 1798  1809 

John  Treadwell 1809  1811 

Roger  Griswold 1811  1813 

John  Cotton  Smith 1813  1818 

Oliver  Wolcott 1818  1827 

Gideon  Tomlinson 1827  1831 

JohnS.  Peters 1831  1833 

Henry  W.  Edwards 1833  1834 

Samuel  A.  Foote 1834  1835 

Henry  W.  Edwards 1835  1838 

William  W.  Ellsworth 1838  1842 

Chauncey  F.  Cleveland 1842  1844 

Roger  S.  Baldwin 1844  1846 

Isaac  Toucey 1846  1847 

Clark  Bissell 1847  1849 

Joseph  Trumbull 1849  1850 

Thomas  H.  Seymour 1850  1853 

C.  H.  Pond,  (acting) 1853  1854 

Henry  Button 1854  1855 


mo*  TO 

William  T.  Minor 1855  1857 

Alexander  H.  Holley 1857  1858 

William  A.  Buckingham 1858  1859 

Salary,  $1100. 

Term,  one  year. 

Seat  of  Government,  Hartford. 


NEW  YORK. 

George  Clinton 1789  1795 

JohnJay 1795  1801 

George  Clinton 1801  1804 

Morgan  Lewis 1804  1807 

Daniel  D.  Tompkins 1807  1817 

De  Witt  Clinton 1817  1822 

Joseph  C.  Yates 1822  1824 

De  Witt  Clinton 1824  1828 

Martin  Van  Buren 1828  1830 

Enos  T.  Throop 1830  1832 

William  L.  Marcy 1832  1838 

William  II.  Seward 1838  1842 

William  C.  Bouck 18-12  1844 

Silas  Wright 1844  1846 

John  Young 1846  1848 

Hamilton  Fish 1848  1860 

Washington  Hunt 1850  1852 

Horatio  Seymour 1852  1864 

Myron  H.  Clark 1854  1866 

John  A.  King 1856  1868 

Salary,  $4000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Albany. 


NEW  JERSEY. 

William  Livingston 1789  1794 

William  Patterson 1794  1794 

Richard  Howell...  ,..1794  1801 


150 


APPENDIX. 


Joseph  Bloomfield  1801  1812 

Aaron  Ogden 1812  1813 

William  S.  Pennington 1813  1815 

Mahlon  Dickinson 1815  1817 

Isaac  II.  Williamson 1817  1829 

Peter  D.  Vroom 1829  1832 

Samuel  L.  Southard 1832  1833 

EliasP.  Seely 1833  1833 

Peter  D.  Vroom 1833  1836 

Philemon  Dickinson 1836  1837 

William  Pennington 1837  1843 

Daniel  Haines 1843  1844 

Charles  C.  Stratton 1844  1848 

Daniel  Haines 1848  1851 

George  F.  Fort 1851  1854 

Rodman  M.  Price 1854  1857 

William  A.  Newell 1857  1860 

Salary,  $1800  and  fees. 

Term,  three  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Trenton. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Thomas  Mifflin 1790  1799 

Thomas  McKean 1799  1808 

Simon  Snyder 1808  1817 

William  Findlay 1817  1820 

Joseph  Heister 1820  1823 

John  Andrew  Schultz, 1823  1829 

George  Wolf 1829  1835 

Joseph  Ritner 1835  1839 

David  R.  Porter 1839  1845 

Francis  R.  Shunk 1845  1848 

William  F.  Johnston 1848  1852 

William  Bigler 1852  1855 

James  Pollock 1855  1858 

William  F.  Packer 1858  1861 

Salary,  $3000. 

Term,  three  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Harrisburg. 


DELAWARE. 

FROM  TO 

Joshua  Clayton 1789  1796 

Gunning  Bedford 1796  1797 

Daniel  Rogers 1797  1798 

Richard  Bassett 1798  1801 

James  Sykes,  (acting) 1801  1802 

David  Hall 1802  1805 

Nathaniel  Mitchell 1805  1808 

George  Truett 1808  1811 

Joseph  Haslett 1811  1814 

DanielRodney 1814  1817 

John  Clarke  1817  1820 

Jacob  Stout,  (acting) 1820  1821 

John  Collins 1821  1822 

Caleb  Rodney,  (acting) 1822  1823 

Joseph  Haslett 1823  1824 

Samuel  Paynter 1824  1827 

George  Poindexter 1827  1830 

David  Hazzard 1830  1833 

Caleb  P.  Bennett 1833  1837 

Cornelius  P.  Comegys 1837  1840 

William  B.  Cooper 1840  1844 

Thomas  Stockton 1844  1846 

Joseph  Maul,  (acting) 1846  1846 

William  Temple 1846  1846 

William  Thorp 1846  1851 

William  H.  Ross 1851  1855 

Peter  F.  Causey 1855  1859 

Salary,  $1333£. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Dover. 

MARYLAND. 

John  Eager  Howard..... 1788  1792 

George  Plater 1792  1792 

Thomas  Sim  Lee 1792  1794 

John  H.  Stone 1794  17'J7 

John  Henry 1797  1798 


APPENDIX. 


151 


fKOM  TO 

Benjamin  Ogle 1798  1801 

John  F.  Mercer 1801  1803 

Robert  Bowie 1803  1805 

Robert  Wright 1805  1809 

Edward  Lloyd 1809  1811 

Robert  Bowie 1811  1812 

Levin  Winder 1812  1815 

C.  Ridgely 1815  1818 

r.  W.  Goldsborough 1818  1819 

Samuel  Sprigg 1819  1822 

Samuel  Stevens 1822  1826 

Joseph  Kent 1826  1829 

Daniel  Martin 1829  1830 

T.  K.  Carroll 1830  1831 

Daniel  Martin 1831  1831 

George  Howard,  (acting) 1831  1832 

1832  1833 

James  Thomas 1833  1836 

Thomas  W.  Veasay 1836  1838 

William  Grayson 1838  1841 

Thomas  Francis 1841  1844 

Thomas  G.  Pratt 1844  1848 

Philip  F.  Thomas 1848  1851 

Enoch  L.  Lowe 1851  1854 

Thomas  W.  Ligon 1864  1858 

Thomas  II.  Hicks 1858  1862 

Salary,  $3600,  with  a  furnished  house. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Annapolis. 

VIRGINIA. 

Beverley  Randolph 1788  1791 

Henry  Lee 1791  1794 

Robert  Brooke 1794  179G 

James  Wood 179G  1799 

James  Monroe 1799  1802 

John  Page 1802  1805 

William  II.  Cabell...             ..  1805  1808 


FROM  «0 

John  Tyler 1808  1811 

James  Monroe 1811  1811 

George  W.  Smith 1811  1812 

James  Barbour 1812  1814 

Wilson  C.  Nicholas 1814  1816 

James  P.  Preston 1816  1819 

Thomas  M.  Randolph 1819  1822 

James  Pleasants 1822  1826 

John  Tyler 1825  1827 

William  B.  Giles 1827  1880 

John  Floyd 1830  1884 

Littleton  W.  Tazewell 1834  1886 

Wyndham  Robertson,  (act'g)  1836  1887 

David  Campbell 1837  1840 

Thomas  W   Gilmer 1840  1841 

John  Rutherford 1841  1842 

John  M.  Gregory 1812  1848 

James  McDowell 1843  1846 

William  Smith 1846  1849    • 

John  B.  Floyd 1849  1852 

Joseph  Johnson 1852  1856 

Henry  A.  Wise 1856  1860 

Salary,  $5000. 

Term,  three  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Richmond. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Alexander  Martin 1789  1792 

Richard  D.  Spaight 1792  1796 

Samuel  Ashe 1795  1798 

William  R.  Davie 1798  1799 

Benjamin  Williams 1799  1802 

James  Turner 1802  1806 

Nathaniel  Alexander 1805  1807 

Benjamin  Williams 1807  1808 

David  Stone 1808  1810 

Benjamin  Smith 1810  1811 

William  Hawkins...             ..  1811  1814 


152 


APPENDIX. 


William  Miller 1814  1817 

John  Branch 1817  1820 

Jesse  Franklin 1820  1821 

Gabriel  Holmes 1821  1824 

Hutchins  G.  Burton 1824  1827 

James  Iredell 1827  1828 

John  Owen 1828  1830 

Montfort  Stokes 1830  1832 

David  L.  Swain 1832  1835 

Richard  D.  Spaight 1835  1837 

Edward  B.  Dudley 1837  1840 

JohnM.  Morehead 1840  1844 

William  A.  Graham 1844  1849 

Charles  Manly 1849  1851 

David  S.  Reid 1851  1855 

Thomas  Bragg 1855  1859 

Salary,  §53000,  with  a  furnished  house. 

Term,  two  years.  • 

Seat  of  Government,  Raleigh. 

SOUTH   CAROLINA. 

Charles  Pinckney 1789  1792 

Arnoldus  Yanderhorst 1792  1794 

William  Moultrie 1794  1796, 

Charles  Pinckney 1796  1798 

Edward  Rutledge 1798  1800 

John  Drayton,  (acting) 1800  1800 

"          "         1800  1802 

James  B.  Richardson 1802  1804 

Paul  Hamilton 1804  1806 

Charles  Pinckney 1806  1808 

John  Drayton 1808  1810 

Henry  Middleton 1810  1812 

JosephAlston 1812  1814 

David  R.  Williams 1814  1816 

Andrew  Pickens 1816  1818 

John  Geddes 1818  1820 

Thomas  Bennet 1820  1822 


John  L.Wilson 1822  1824 

Richard  J.  Manning 1824  1826 

John  Taylor 1826  1828 

Stephen  D.  Miller 1828  1830 

James  Hamilton 1830  1832 

Robert  Y.  Hayne 1832  1834 

George  McDuffie 1834  1836 

Pierce  M.  Butler 1836  1838 

Patrick  Noble 1838  1840 

B.  K.  Hennegan,  (acting) 1840  1840 

J.  P.  Richardson 1840  1842 

James  H.  Hammond 1842  1844 

William  Aiken 1844  1847 

David  Johnson 1847  1848 

W.  B.  Seabrook 1848  1850 

John  H.  Means 1850  1852 

John  L.  Manning 1852  1854 

James  H.  Adams 1854  1856 

R.  F.  W.  Alston 1856  1858 

Salary,  $3500. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Columbia. 


GEORGIA. 

George  Walton 1789  1790 

Edward  Telfair 1790  1793 

George  Matthews 1793  1796 

Jaredlrwin 1796  1798 

James  Jackson 1798  1801 

David  Emanuel,  (acting) 1801  1801 

Josiah  Tatnall 1801  1802 

JohnMilledge 1802  1806 

Jaredlrwin 1806  1809 

David  B.  Mitchell 1809  1813 

Peter  Early 1813  1815 

David  B.  Mitchell 1815  1817 

William  Rabun 1817  1819 

Matthew  Talbot,  (acting)....  1819  1819 


APPENDIX. 


153 


moil  TO 

John  Clarke 1819  1828 

George  M.  Troup 1823  1827 

John  Forsyth 1827  1820 

George  R.Gilmer 1829  1881 

Wilson  Lumpkto 1831  1835 

William  Schley 1835  1837 

George  R.  Gilmer 1837  1839 

Charles  J.  McDonald 1839  1843 

George  W.  Crawford 1843  1847 

George  W.  Towns 1847  1851 

HowellCobb _  1851  1853 

Herschel  V.  Johnson 1853  1857 

James  E.  Brown 1857  1859 

Salary,  $3000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Milledgeville. 

FLORIDA. 

TERRITORY. 

William  P.  Duvall 1822  1834 

John  H.Eaton 1834  1836 

Richard  K.  Call 1830  1844 

John  Branch 1844  1845 

STATE. 

William  D.  Moseley 1845  1849 

Thomas  Brown 1849  1853 

James  E.  Broome 1853  1857 

Madison  S.  Perry 1857  1801 

Salary,  $1600. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Tallahassee. 

ALABAMA. 

William  W.  Bibb 1819  1820 

Thomas  Bibb 1820  1821 

Israel  Pickens...  ..  1821  1826 


John  Murphy 1826  1829 

Gabriel  Moore 1829  1831 

JohnGoyle 1881  1836 

Clement  C.  Clay 1835  1837 

Arthur  P.  Bagby 1837  1841 

Benjamin  Fitzpatrick 1841  1845 

Joshua  L.Martin 1845  1847 

Reuben  Chapman 1847  1849 

Henry  W.  Collier 1849  1863 

John  A.  Winston 1853  1857 

Andrew  B.  Moore 1857  1869 

Salary,  $2500. 

Term,  two  year?. 

Seat  of  Government,  Montgomery. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

TERRITORY. 

Winthrop  Sargent 1798  1802 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 1802  1805 

Robert  Williams 1805  1809 

David  Holmes...,  ..  1809  1817 


David  Holmes 1817  1819 

George  Poindexter 1819  1821 

Walter  Leake 1821  1825 

David  Holmes 1825  1827 

Gerard  C.  Brandon 1827  1831 

Abraham  M.  Scott 1831  1833 

Hiram  G.  Runnels 1833  1835 

Charles  Lynch 1835  1837 

Alexander  G.  McNutt 1837  1841 

Tilghman  M.  Tucker 1841  1843 

Albert  G.  Brown 1843  1848 

Joseph  W.  Mathews 1848  1860 

John  A.  Quitman 1850  1851 

John  J.  Guion,  (acting) 1851  1861 

Jas.  Whitfield...                  ..  1851  1852 


154 


APPENDIX. 


Henry  S.  Foote 1852  1854 

John  J.  McRae 1854  1858 

William  McWillie 1858  1860 

Salary,  $4000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Jackson. 

LOUISIANA. 

TERRITORY    OF    ORLEANS. 

William  C.  C.  Claiborne 1804  1812 

STATE. 

William  C.  C.  Claiborne 1812  1816 

James  Villare 1816  1820 

Thomas  B.  Robertson 1820  1822 

II.  S.  Thibodeaux,  (acting)...  1822  1824 

Henry  Johnson 1824  1828 

Peter  Derbigny 1828  1829 

A.  Bauvais,  (acting) 1829  1830 

Jacques  Dupre 1830  1830 

Andre  B.Roman 1830  1834 

Edward  D.  White 1834  1838 

Andre  B.  Roman 1838  1841 

Alexander  Warton 1841  1845 

Isaac  Johnson 1845  1850 

Joseph  Walker 1850  1854 

Paul  0.  Hebert 1854  1858 

R.  C.  Wickliffe 1858  1862 

Salary,  $4000. 

Term,  four  years 

Seat  of  Government,  Baton  Rouge. 

9 

TEXAS. 

J.  Pinckney  Henderson 1846  1847 

George  T.  Wood 1847  1849 

P.  H.  Bell...                          ..  1849  1853 


FROM  rTO 

Edward  M.  Pease 1853     1857 

H.  G.  Runnells 1857     1861 

Salary,  $3000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Austin. 

ARKANSAS. 

TERRITORY. 

James  Miller 1819  1825 

George  Izard 1825  1829 

John  Pope. 1829  1835 

William  S.  Fulton 1835  1836 


James  S.  Conway 1836  1840 

Archibald  Yell 1840  1844 

Samuel  Adams,  (acting) 1844  1844 

Thomas  S.  Drew 1844  1848 

John  S.  Roane 1848  1852 

Elias  S.  Conway 1852  1860 

Salary,  $1800. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Little  Rock. 

TENNESSEE. 

JohnSevier 1796  1801 

Archibald  Roane 1801  1803 

JohnSevier 1803  1809 

Wilie  Blount 1809  1815 

Joseph  McMin 1815  1821 

William  Carroll 1821  1827 

Samuel  Houston 1827  1829 

William  Carroll 1829  1835 

Newton  Cannon 1835  1839 

James  K.  Polk 1839  1841 

James  C.Jones 1841  1845 


APPENDIX. 


155 


TO 

1847 
1849 
1851 
1853 
1857 
1869 


Aaron  V.  Brown 1845 

Neil  S.  Brown 1847 

William  Trousdale 1849 

William  B.  Campbell 1851 

Andrew  Johnson 1853 

Isham  G.  Harris 1867 

Salary,  $3000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Nashville. 

KENTUCKY. 

Isaac  Shelby 1792 

James  Garrard 1700 

Christopher  Greenup 1804 

Charles  Scott 1808 

Isaac  Shelby 1812 

George  Madison 1816 

G.  Slaughter,  (acting) 1M<; 

John  Adair 1820 

Joseph  Desha 1824 

Thomas  Metcalfe 1828 

John  Breathitt 1832 

J.  T.  Morehead,  (acting) 1834 

James  Clark 1836 

C.  A.  Wickliffe,  (acting) 1839 

Robert  P.  Letcher 1840 

William  Owsley 1844 

John  J.  Crittenden 1848 

John  L.  Helm,  (acting) 1850 

Lazarus  W.  Powell 1851 

Charles  S.  Morehead 1855 

Salary,  $2500. 

Term,  four  years. 

•Seat  of  Government,  Frankfort. 


OHIO. 

TERRITORY. 

Arthur  St.  Clair....  ..  1788     1803 


1796 
1804 
1808 
1812 
1816 
1816 
1820 
1824 
1828 
1832 
1834 
1836 
1837 
1840 
1844 
1848 
1850 
1851 
1855 
1859 


STATE. 

FROM  TO 

Edward  Tiffin 1803  1808 

Thomas  Kirker,  (acting) 1808  1808 

Samuel  Huntington 1808  181K 

Return  J.  Meigs 1810  1814 

Othneil  Looker,  (acting) 1814  1814 

Thomas  Worthington 1814  1818 

Ethan  Allen  Brown 1818  1822 

Allen  Trimble,  (acting) 1822  1822 

Jeremiah  Morrow 1822  1826 

Allen  Trimble 1826  1830 

Duncan  McArthur 1830  1832 

Robert  Lucas 1832  1836 

Joseph  Vance 1836  1838 

Wilson  Shannon 1838  1840 

Thomas  Corwin 1840  1842 

Wilson  Shannon 1842  1844 

Thomas  W.  Bartlcy,  (acting)  1844  1844 

Mordecai  Bartley 1844  1846 

William  Babb 1846  1848 

Seabury  Ford 1848  1860 

Reuben  Wood 1850  1854 

William  Medill 1854  1856 

Salmon  P.  Chase 1856  1860 

Salary,  $1800. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Columbus. 

MICHIGAN. 

TERRITOHT. 

William  Hull 1806  1814 

Lewis  Cass 1814  1881 

George  B.  Porter 1831  1834 

Stevens  T.  Mason,  (acting)..  1834  1835 

J.  S.  Homer,  (acting) 1835  1886 


Stevens  T.  Mason 1836     1840 

William  Woodbridge 1840     1841 


156 


APPENDIX. 


J.  W.  Gordon,  (acting) 1841  1842 

John  S.  Barry 1842  1846 

Alpheus  Felch 1846  1847 

W.  L.  Greenley,  (acting) 1847  1848 

Epaphroditus  Ransom 1848  1850 

John  S.  Barry 1850  1853 

Robert  McClelland 1853  1853 

A.  Parsons 1853  1855 

Kinsley  S.  Bingham 1855  1857 

1857  1859 

Salary,  $1000. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Lansing. 

INDIANA. 

Jonathan  Jennings 1816  1822 

William  Hendricks 1822  1825 

James  Brown  Ray 1825  1831 

Noah  Noble 1831  1837 

David  Wallace 1837  1840 

Samuel  Bigger 1840  1843 

James  Whitcomb 1843  1848 

Paris  C.  Dunning* 1848  1849 

Joseph  A.  Wright 1849  1857 

Ashbel  P.  Willard 1857  1861 

Salary,  $1500,  with  a  furnished  house. 

•  Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Indianapolis. 

ILLINOIS. 

TERRITORY. 

Ninian  Edwards 1809  1818 

STATE. 

Shadrach  Bond 1818  1822 

Edward  Coles 1822  1826 

Ninian  Edwards....               ..1826  1830 


FROM  TO 

John  Reynolds 1830  1834 

Joseph  Duncan 1834  1838 

Thomas  Carlin 1838  1842 

Thomas  Ford 1842  1846 

Augustus  C.  French 1846  1853 

Joel  A.  Matteson 1853  1857 

William  II.  Bissell 1857  1861 

Salary,  $1500. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Springfield. 

MISSOURI. 

Alexander  McNair 1820  1824 

Frederick  Bates 1824  1826 

John  Miller 1826  1832 

Daniel  Dunklin 1832  1836 

L.  W.  Boggs 1836  1840 

Thomas  Reynolds 1840  1844 

John  C.  Edwards 1844  1848 

Austin  A.  King 1848  1853 

Sterling  Price 1853  1857 

Trusten  Polk 1857  1857 

Hancock  Jackson,  (acting)..  1857  1857 

R.  M.  Stewart 1857  1861 

Salary,  $2500,  with  a  furnished  house. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Jefferson  City. 

IOAVA. 

Ansel  Briggs 1846  1850 

Stephen  Heinpstead 1850  1854 

James  W.  Grimes 1854  1857 

Ralph  P.  Lowe 1857  1860 

Salary,  $1000. 

Term,  four  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Des  Moines  City. 


*  During  the  unexpired  term  of  Governor  Whitcomb,  elected  in  1848  to  the  United  States  Senate. 


APPENDIX. 


157 


WISCONSIN. 

„        TERKITOKY. 

FROM  TO 

Henry  Dodge 1836  1841 

James  D.  Doty 1841  1844 

Nathaniel  P.  Tallmadge 1844  1845 

Henry  Dodge 1845  1848 


Nelson  Dewey 1848  1851 

Leonard  J.  Farwell 1851  1853 

William  A.  Barstow 1853  1855 

Coles  Bashford 1855  1857 

Alexander  W.  Randall 1857  1859 

Salary,  $1250. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Madison. 

CALIFORNIA. 
Peter  H.Burnett...  ..1849     1851 


John  McDougall,  (acting)....  1851  1852 

John  Bigler 1852  1856 

J.  Neely  Johnson  1856  1856 

John  B.  Weller 1858  1860 

Salary,  $GOOO. 

Term,  two  years. 

Seat  of  Government,  Sacramento. 


MINNESOTA.^' 


TKIUUTOKY. 


Alexander  Ramsey 1849 

Willis  A.  Gorman !1853 

Samuel  Medary ;.  1857 


Henry  H.  Sibley 1858 

Salary,  not  known. 

Term,      "         " 

Seat  of  Government,  St.  Paul. 


1853 
1857 
1858 


1860 


158  APPENDIX. 


OREGON  TERRITORY. 

James  Shields,  appointed  (declined) August        14,  1848. 

Joseph  Lane,  "        August        18,1848. 

John  P.  Gaines,        "        , September    9,1850. 

Joseph  Lane,  "        March         1C,  1853. 

John  W.  Davis,          "        September    6,1853. 

George  L.  Curry,      "        (now  in  office) October      24,1854. 

Salary,  $3000.     Term,  four  years. 


TERRITORY  OF   NEW  MEXICO. 

James  S.  Calhoun,  appointed January  9,  1851. 

William  Carr  Lane,        "        July  15,1852. 

Solon  Borland,                "        (declined) April  18,1853. 

David  Merriwether,        "         May  6,1853. 

Abraham  llencher,         "         (now  in  office) August  17,1857. 

Salary,  $3000.     Term,  four  years. 


TERRITORY  OF   UTAH. 

Brigham  Young,  appointed September  28,  1850. 

Edward  J.  Steptoe,     "        (declined) December  21,1854. 

Alfred  Cummings,       "        (now  in  office) July  11,1857. 

Salary,  $2500.     Term,  four  years. 


WASHINGTON   TERRITORY. 

Isaac  I.  Stevens,  appointed March         17,  1853. 

J.  Patton  Anderson,    "        (declined) March         15,1857. 

Fayette  McMullen,      "        (now  in  office) May  15,1857. 

Salary,  $3000.     Term,  four  years. 


APPENDIX. 


159 


KANSAS  TERRITORY. 


A.  H.  Rcedcr,  appointed June 


29,  1854. 


John  L.  Dawson,     "  (declined) July  28,1855. 

Wilson  Shannon,     "  August  10,1855. 

John  W.Geary,        "  July  30,1856. 

R.J.Walker,           "  March  30,1857. 

J.W.Denver,           "  February  24,1858. 

Samuel  Medary,      "  (now  in  office) December     1,1858. 

Salary,  §2500.  Term,  four  years. 

NEBRASKA  TERRITORY. 

William  0.  Butler,  appointed  (declined) June  29,  1854. 

Francis  Burt,  "         August  2,1854. 

Mark  W.  Izard,  "         December  20,1864. 

Wm.  A.  Richardson,  "         (now  in  office) May  30,  1857. 

Salary,  §2500.  Term,  four  years. 


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